Water environment treatment river bottom sludge sampling device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water environment treatment river bottom silt sampling device and method, device includes the adjusting mechanism for being connected with the adjusting mechanism for changing the weight of floating box, the bottom of floating box is provided with fixed plate, fixed plate is drilled into sampling assembly, the outside of fixed plate is provided with silt collecting assembly, silt collecting assembly is away from the side of floating box with silt sampling end, drilling into sampling assembly is formed on the side of the inside of floating box with discharge port, fixed plate is provided with waste sample collection groove and hard soil collection groove, silt collecting assembly is connected with the plug by fixed rod with silt collecting rod, plug can move synchronously with silt collecting assembly, plug is located in waste sample collection groove.The floating box of the present application is combined with drilling into sampling assembly and vertically movable silt collecting assembly, through linkage plug and double collection groove automatic switching sample channel, realize stratified sampling, whole process is without human intervention, improve sampling precision and degree of automation, adapt to complex underwater operating environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sample collection technology, and in particular to a device and method for sampling riverbed silt in water environment treatment. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of water environment management, sampling and analysis of riverbed silt and hard soil layers are crucial for developing scientific management plans. However, existing silt sampling devices have many limitations and are insufficient to meet practical needs.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for collecting silt. One method involves using manual tools on the shore, where operators hold sampling tools and collect samples from areas close to the shore. This method is significantly limited by distance, only allowing the collection of silt samples from a limited area near the shore, and cannot comprehensively reflect the distribution and properties of silt throughout the entire water body. Moreover, manual tools cannot reach some deeper areas or silt locations far from the shore, resulting in highly biased sampling results.

[0004] Another method involves suspending the sampling device above the river surface using a support frame, then lowering the device into the water to collect samples. While this method can collect samples from a certain depth of silt, it presents significant challenges when dealing with the hard soil layer beneath it. Silt is typically composed of organic matter, minerals, water, and various microorganisms, and its texture is relatively loose, making sampling relatively easy. However, the hard soil layer has a dense structure and a hard texture. Due to buoyancy limitations, the suspended sampling device struggles to provide sufficient pressure and stability during drilling, making it difficult for the drill rod to effectively penetrate the hard soil layer and obtain a complete hard soil sample. Therefore, existing technologies have the drawback of not being able to collect samples from both silt and hard soil simultaneously. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for sampling riverbed silt in water environment management. Combining a drilling sampling component with a vertically movable silt collection component, and through a linkage block and automatic switching of sample channels via dual collection troughs, it achieves layered sampling, enabling unmanned operation throughout the entire process, improving sampling accuracy and automation, and adapting to complex underwater operating environments. The specific technical solution is as follows: A riverbed silt sampling device for water environment management includes a connected pontoon and an adjustment mechanism for changing the weight of the pontoon. A fixed plate is provided at the bottom of the pontoon, and a drilling sampling component is inserted through the fixed plate. A silt collection component that can move vertically relative to the pontoon is provided on the outside of the fixed plate. The silt collection component has a silt sampling end on the side away from the pontoon. The drilling sampling component forms a discharge port on the side inside the pontoon. A waste sample collection trough and a hard soil collection trough are provided on the fixed plate, with the waste sample collection trough corresponding to the discharge port. The silt collection rod of the silt collection component is connected to a plug block through a fixed rod. The plug block can move synchronously with the silt collection component and is located in the waste sample collection trough so that the plug block avoids the trough opening during the silt sampling stage and closes the trough opening when the silt collection component moves upward.

[0006] Furthermore, the bottom of the drilling sampling component has a drilling sampling end, which is set at the same height as the sludge sampling end of the sludge collection component in the initial installation state.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a damping limiting component disposed between the pontoon and the silt collection assembly. The damping limiting component includes a chute, a spring, and a damping block disposed at the bottom of the pontoon. The spring is disposed on the chute, and the damping block is connected to the spring. The damping block is used to maintain the relative position of the silt collection assembly with the pontoon when the silt collection assembly is inserted into the silt layer, and to release the limiting when the silt sampling end of the silt collection assembly touches the hard soil layer.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a trigger control component installed on the pontoon. The trigger control component includes a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor is installed above the chute, corresponding to the end of the upward stroke of the silt collection component. The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the drilling and sampling component. It is used to control the drilling and sampling component to perform hard soil drilling and sampling actions when the pressure sensor is triggered during the upward movement of the silt collection component.

[0009] Furthermore, the drilling sampling assembly includes a telescopic cylinder, a lifting plate, a first motor, a cylinder, and a spiral rod. The telescopic cylinder is located on one side of the lifting plate, and the first motor is located on the lifting plate. The first motor includes an output shaft, which is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylinder. The cylinder passes through the fixed plate, and the spiral rod is coaxially fixed inside the cylinder. The discharge port is located on the side of the cylinder inside the float box.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a shore-based support unit, a first cavity fixed to the shore-based support unit, a second cavity disposed within the pontoon, steel balls, a first connecting pipe mechanism, and a second connecting pipe mechanism. The first cavity and the second cavity are filled with recyclable steel balls. The first connecting pipe mechanism connects the bottom of the first cavity and the upper end of the second cavity to transport the steel balls in the first cavity to the second cavity. The second connecting pipe mechanism connects the lower end of the second cavity and the top of the first cavity to return the steel balls in the second cavity to the first cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a partition plate and a rotatable material distribution ring disposed in the second cavity. The material distribution ring has a through hole for steel balls to pass through. Several partition plates are disposed at intervals to divide the interior of the second cavity into multiple independent counterweight chambers. A material passage gap is formed between the lower end of the partition plate and the bottom of the second cavity for steel balls to pass through.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a winch motor, a winch reel, a pull rope, and a buoy. The winch motor is located on the top of the pontoon, and the output shaft of the winch motor is coaxially fixed to the winch reel. A pull rope is wound on the winch reel, and one end of the pull rope is connected to the buoy. The winch motor is used to unwind the pull rope during the sinking of the pontoon so that the buoy always stays on the water surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the sludge collection component includes a sludge collection rod and a baffle. The sludge collection rod includes a threaded tube and an insertion tube connected to the threaded tube. The threaded tube is slidably disposed in a groove at the bottom of the float box. The lower end of the insertion tube is the sludge sampling end, and a sampling port is provided on the sludge sampling end. A rotatable baffle is provided at the sampling port.

[0014] A method for sampling riverbed silt for water environment treatment, applied to the aforementioned riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment, includes the following steps: Place the silt collection component, drilling sampling component and pontoon in the target water area, and drive the pontoon to move to the preset sampling point; A counterweight medium is delivered into the pontoon to increase its weight, causing it to drive the silt collection component and the drilling sampling component to sink synchronously into the silt layer at the bottom of the river. During the descent of the floating box, the sludge collection component is inserted into the sludge layer to collect the target sludge sample, while the drilling sampling component simultaneously transports and discharges non-target sludge into the waste sample collection tank corresponding to its own discharge port; When the silt collection component touches the hard soil layer below the silt layer, the silt collection component moves upward relative to the floating box, blocks the slot of the waste sample collection trough to switch the sample collection channel, and at the same time triggers the drilling sampling component to perform hard soil layer drilling sampling operation, so that the collected hard soil sample falls into the hard soil collection trough to complete independent collection. After sampling, the counterweight medium is returned from the pontoon to reduce its own weight and allow it to float to the water surface. The pontoon is then retrieved and the collected silt and hard soil samples are obtained.

[0015] The water environment treatment riverbed silt sampling device and method of the present invention have the following advantages: 1. The floating and sinking control is achieved through the cooperation of the pontoon and the weight adjustment mechanism. At the same time, the drilling sampling component is set up with the vertically movable silt collection component. The plug block linked with the silt collection component is used in conjunction with the waste sample and hard soil dual collection tank to realize the automatic switching of the sample collection channel. The structure completely solves the problem of silt and hard soil sample mixing in the existing technology, realizes the stratified sampling of the silt layer and hard soil layer at the bottom of the river, and completes the separation of waste sample and target sample without manual intervention throughout the process. It greatly improves the sampling accuracy and the automation level of the device and is suitable for complex underwater operating environments.

[0016] 2. By setting the initial height of the drilling sampling end and the silt sampling end, they can simultaneously contact the silt layer at the bottom of the river. While collecting the target silt, non-target silt at the same depth is simultaneously crushed and discharged, avoiding its residue from affecting the purity of the hard soil sample. At the same time, the two can simultaneously reach the hard soil layer, accurately connecting the drilling and sampling actions in the hard soil layer, ensuring that the silt and hard soil sampling depths are completely matched, eliminating empty strokes in the drilling operation, which not only improves the sampling efficiency, but also further prevents non-target silt from mixing into the hard soil sample, ensuring the purity of the sample.

[0017] 3. The added damping limit component is a purely mechanical structure. With the cooperation of springs and damping blocks, it provides stable clamping damping force for the silt collection component during the silt sampling stage, maintaining its relative position with the pontoon and ensuring that the silt collection component can be smoothly inserted into the silt layer to complete the sampling, avoiding component movement that may affect the sampling effect. When the sampling end touches the hard soil layer, the pressure of the pontoon can automatically release the component limit, realizing the switching of the sampling state. Its triggering logic is directly related to the hardness of the soil layer, which has high accuracy in identifying hard soil layers and does not require additional electronic control components, making it suitable for underwater operations without human intervention.

[0018] 4. The trigger control component, composed of a pressure sensor and a controller, accurately senses the end-of-travel motion of the silt collection component, realizing automated triggering and operation control for drilling and sampling in hard soil layers. This forms an automated closed loop for the entire sampling process, requiring no manual intervention and significantly improving the automation and intelligence level of the device. At the same time, the pressure sensor is precisely set to correspond to the end-of-travel motion of the component, effectively avoiding false triggering. The controller can respond promptly and drive the drilling and sampling component to ensure the accurate and timely execution of hard soil sampling.

[0019] 5. The drilling and sampling assembly adopts a structure that integrates a telescopic cylinder, a first motor, and a auger, achieving the integration of drilling operations and material conveying. The telescopic cylinder provides stable vertical feed power, and the counterweight of the float box effectively increases the drilling pressure, allowing for successful drilling into hard soil layers. This solves the core problem of the difficulty in drilling into hard soil layers in existing devices. At the same time, the auger's spiral conveying method enables continuous and stable material conveying and directional discharge, and the enclosed cavity formed by the assembly effectively protects the internal electrical components, improving the durability and operational stability of the device.

[0020] 6. The adjustment mechanism uses steel balls as a recyclable counterweight medium. The steel balls are transported bidirectionally between the shore base and the double cavity of the floating box through pneumatic conveying. Compared with the traditional counterweight method, the counterweight adjustment response is fast and the weight control accuracy is high. It can flexibly adapt to the sampling needs of different water depths and soil hardness. The steel balls can be recycled and reused without consumable loss, which greatly reduces the sampling cost. Moreover, the pneumatic conveying system has a simple structure, does not require complex underwater hydraulic components, has a low failure rate, and is easy to maintain. It is suitable for complex scenarios of field water environment management. The shore base bearing unit also further improves the convenience of device transportation and reduces the intensity of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the floating box in the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment management of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the partition in the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the floating box of the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment management according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the silt collection component in the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment management of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the following detailed description of the riverbed silt sampling device and method for water environment treatment, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is provided.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, this invention provides a riverbed silt sampling device for water environment management, including a hollow cylindrical pontoon 2, which has its own basic buoyancy and can complete sampling operations on the water surface and underwater. An adjustment mechanism 3 connects the pontoon 2 to the shore support unit 1, dynamically changing the overall weight of the pontoon 2, thereby precisely controlling the sinking and floating of the pontoon 2, providing continuous and stable downward pressure and operational stability for sampling operations. A fixed plate 9 is set at the middle position of the bottom of the pontoon 2, forming a sealed cavity 43 on the fixed plate 9. A drilling sampling component 44 is vertically inserted through the center position of the fixed plate 9 and can move vertically relative to the fixed plate 9. In the silt sampling stage, it completes the crushing and discharge of non-target silt, and in the hard soil sampling stage, it completes the drilling and sample transportation of the hard soil layer below the silt layer. The side closer to the axis of the pontoon 2 is defined as the inner side of the device, and the side farther from the axis of the pontoon 2 is defined as the outer side of the device. The two silt collection components 45 are vertically movable and respectively set on the outer side of the fixed plate 9. The silt collection components 45 are used to collect target silt samples from the silt layer at the bottom of the river. They can move vertically relative to the pontoon 2 to realize sampling state switching and sample diversion.

[0028] The drilling sampling component 44 has a discharge port 46 on one side inside the floating box 2, which is used to discharge the materials conveyed upward by the drilling sampling component 44, including non-target sludge and wastewater in the sludge sampling stage, and hard soil samples in the hard soil sampling stage. The waste sample collection tank 15 and the hard soil collection tank 16 are both fixed on the upper surface of the fixed plate 9. The waste sample collection tank 15 corresponds to the vertical position of the discharge port 46 and is used to receive the non-target sludge and wastewater discharged in the sludge sampling stage. The hard soil collection tank 16 is set outside the waste sample collection tank 15 and is used to receive the target hard soil samples discharged in the hard soil sampling stage. The two work together to achieve the separate collection of waste samples and target samples, avoid sample mixing, and ensure sampling accuracy.

[0029] The sludge collection assembly 45 includes a sludge collection rod 4, with a sludge sampling end at the bottom. The middle part of the sludge collection rod 4 is fixedly connected to a block 18 via a fixing rod 17. The fixing rod 17 includes a horizontal rod and a vertical rod connected together. The end of the horizontal rod away from the vertical rod is connected to the sludge collection rod 4. The vertical rod passes through a fixing plate 9, and the end away from the horizontal rod is connected to the block 18, allowing the block 18 to move vertically synchronously with the sludge collection assembly 45. The block 18 is movably disposed within the waste sample collection trough 15, vertically corresponding to the top opening of the waste sample collection trough 15. Thus, during the sludge sampling stage, the sludge collection assembly 45 is in the initial downward movement relative to the float 2. Position: Block 18 is located at the bottom of waste sample collection trough 15, avoiding the slot at the top of waste sample collection trough 15. The slot is in a conductive state, and non-target sludge and wastewater discharged from outlet 46 fall directly into waste sample collection trough 15 for collection. When the sludge sampling end of sludge collection component 45 touches the hard soil layer, sludge collection component 45 moves upward relative to float box 2, driving block 18 to move upward synchronously until block 18 completely seals the slot of waste sample collection trough 15. At this time, the material discharged from outlet 46 cannot enter waste sample collection trough 15, but can only fall into hard soil collection trough 16 located outside waste sample collection trough 15, realizing automatic switching of sample collection channels.

[0030] In summary, the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment management of the present invention does not require manual intervention. It automatically completes sample diversion by changing the position of the silt collection component 45, which completely solves the problems of mixing hard soil samples and silt samples and insufficient sampling accuracy in the prior art. At the same time, it simplifies the device structure, improves the degree of sampling automation, and is suitable for complex underwater operating environments.

[0031] Furthermore, the bottom of the drilling sampling component 44 is provided with a drilling sampling end, which is at the same horizontal height as the sludge sampling end at the bottom of the sludge collection component 45 in the initial installation state. The initial installation state is the initial position where the device is not submerged and no sampling operation is performed. The purpose of this structure is to ensure that, during the process of the pontoon 2 sinking due to increased weight via the adjustment mechanism 3, the drilling sampling end and the silt sampling end descend synchronously and contact the riverbed silt layer simultaneously. This ensures that while the silt collection component 45 inserts into the silt layer to collect the target silt, the drilling sampling component 44 can simultaneously crush and transport non-target silt at the same depth, avoiding the impact of non-target silt residue on the purity of subsequent hard soil sampling. At the same time, when the silt sampling end of the silt collection component 45 touches the hard soil layer, the drilling sampling end also simultaneously reaches the surface of the hard soil layer, preparing for subsequent hard soil layer drilling and sampling. This ensures the precise connection between the triggering timing of hard soil sampling and the drilling operation, thereby ensuring that the operating depths of silt sampling and hard soil sampling are completely matched, avoiding the mixing of non-target silt into the hard soil sample due to the height difference between the two ends. It also achieves the synchronicity of hard soil layer contact, eliminates the empty stroke of drilling operation, and improves sampling efficiency and sample purity.

[0032] Furthermore, a damping limiting component 47 is provided between the float box 2 and the sludge collection component 45. The damping limiting component 47 includes a slide groove, a spring 19, and a damping block 20. A vertically extending slide groove is provided at the bottom of the float box 2, corresponding to the installation position of the sludge collection component 45. The upper side of the sludge collection component 45 is slidably disposed in the slide groove. A horizontal mounting groove is provided on the inner side wall 48 of the slide groove. One end of the spring 19 is horizontally fixed to the inner wall of the horizontal mounting groove, and the other end of the spring 19 is fixedly connected to the damping block 20. Under the elastic force of the spring 19, the end face of the damping block 20 always abuts against the side wall of the sludge collection component 45, providing a horizontal clamping damping force for the sludge collection component 45. As the silt sampling end of the silt collection component 45 is inserted into the silt layer, the upward resistance of the silt layer to the silt collection component 45 is less than the clamping damping force of the damping block 20 on the silt collection component 45. Therefore, the silt collection component 45 will not have a vertical displacement relative to the float box 2 and will always maintain a relatively fixed position with the float box 2, ensuring that the silt collection component 45 can be smoothly inserted into the silt layer as the float box 2 continues to sink, thus completing the collection of the target silt. When the silt sampling end of the silt collection component 45 touches the hard soil layer below the silt layer, the hard soil layer is hard and generates a great vertical support resistance on the silt collection component 45. As the adjusting mechanism 3 continues to add weight to the float box 2, the downward pressure continuously applied by the float box 2 is greater than the clamping damping force of the damping block 20. At this time, the spring 19 is compressed, and the damping block 20 retracts into the horizontal mounting groove, releasing the limitation on the silt collection component 45. The silt collection component 45 can then slide upward relative to the float box 2 along the slide groove, completing the switching of the sampling state.

[0033] The above structure achieves the limiting and automatic release of the silt collection component 45 through purely mechanical settings, without the need for additional electronic control components. The trigger logic is directly related to the soil hardness, and the recognition accuracy of reaching hard soil layers is high. At the same time, it ensures the positional stability of the silt collection component 45 during the silt sampling stage, and avoids movement during the sampling process that may affect the sampling effect.

[0034] Furthermore, a trigger control component is also included on the pontoon 2. This component includes a pressure sensor 21 and a controller 22. The pressure sensor 21 is positioned above the chute, corresponding to the end of the upward stroke of the silt collection component 45. The signal output of the pressure sensor 21 is electrically connected to the signal input of the controller 22. The controller 22 is fixedly installed inside the second cavity 7, located outside the sealed cavity 43 to prevent water damage. The signal output of the controller 22 is electrically connected to the drive end of the drilling sampling component 44. This controller is used to control the drilling sampling component 44 to perform hard soil drilling and sampling when the pressure sensor 21 is triggered during the upward movement of the silt collection component 45. The signal output of the controller 22 is electrically connected to the drive end of the drilling sampling component 44 via a waterproof cable. The controller 22 can be a DAM-T0222-MT industrial-grade data acquisition controller 22, which is waterproof, anti-interference, and suitable for underwater operating environments. When the silt collection component 45 touches the hard soil layer and slides upward along the chute relative to the float 2, the upper end of the silt collection component 45 will touch the pressure sensor 21 at the end of its stroke. After the pressure sensor 21 is triggered, it sends a trigger signal to the controller 22. After receiving the trigger signal, the controller 22 sends a control command to the drive end of the drilling sampling component 44 according to the preset program, controls the drilling sampling component 44 to start vertical feeding and drilling operations, and performs sampling actions on the hard soil layer, realizing automated closed-loop control of the entire sampling process.

[0035] Preferably, the drilling sampling assembly 44 further includes a telescopic cylinder 10, a lifting plate 11, a first motor 12, a cylinder 13, and a spiral rod 14. The telescopic cylinder 10 is a vertically arranged hydraulic telescopic cylinder 10 or an electric telescopic cylinder 10, with its upper end fixed to the inner side wall 48 of the float box 2 near the top. The telescopic rod extends vertically downward, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the horizontally arranged lifting plate 11. The first motor 12 is a waterproof servo first motor 12, vertically fixed to the upper surface of the lifting plate 11. The output axis of the first motor 12 penetrates downward through the lifting plate 11 and connects with the upper surface of the cylinder 13. The ends are coaxially fixedly connected; the cylinder 13 is a hollow cylindrical body with both ends through, and vertically penetrates the fixed plate 9; the screw rod 14 is coaxially fixed in the inner cavity of the cylinder 13 and can rotate inside the cylinder 13 to realize the vertical conveying of materials; the upper side wall of the cylinder 13, located between the lifting plate 11 and the fixed plate 9, is provided with a discharge port 46 for discharging the materials conveyed in the cylinder; the lifting plate 11, the fixed plate 9 and the inner side wall 48 of the float box 2 together form a sealed cavity 43 to prevent wastewater and sludge from entering other parts of the float box 2 during the sampling process and to protect the internal electrical components.

[0036] During the sludge sampling stage, the first motor 12 starts, driving the cylinder 13 and the screw rod 14 to rotate synchronously. As the screw rod 14 sinks and inserts into the sludge layer with the float box 2, it breaks up the non-target sludge and conveys it upwards by screw conveyor, finally discharging it into the waste sample collection tank 15 through the discharge port 46. When the controller 22 receives the trigger signal, it controls the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 10 to extend downwards, pushing the lifting plate 11, the first motor 12, the cylinder 13 and the screw rod 14 downwards as a whole. At the same time, the first motor 12 continues to drive the screw rod 14 to rotate. The lower end of the screw rod 14 drills into the hard soil layer, breaks up the hard soil and conveys it upwards by screw conveyor, discharging it through the discharge port 46, completing the drilling and sampling of the hard soil layer. After sampling is completed, the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 10 retracts upwards, driving the cylinder 13 and the screw rod 14 to be pulled out of the hard soil layer. The first motor 12 rotates in the opposite direction to discharge the remaining material in the cylinder and avoid pipeline blockage. Vertical feeding for drilling is achieved through telescopic cylinder 10, and drilling and material conveying are integrated with the screw rod 14 driven by the first motor 12. The structure is compact and the drilling power is sufficient. With the counterweight stabilization of the float box 2, the drilling pressure is increased. At the same time, the screw conveyor can achieve continuous and stable material conveying, ensuring the continuity of sampling. With the position setting of the discharge port 46, the directional discharge of materials can be accurately achieved.

[0037] Preferred, such as Figure 1 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 3 includes a shore-based support unit 1, a first cavity 6 fixed to the shore-based support unit 1, a second cavity 7 fixed inside the pontoon 2, a first connecting pipe mechanism, and a second connecting pipe mechanism. The first cavity 6 and the second cavity 7 are filled with recyclable steel balls 8 as a counterweight medium. The shore-based support unit 1 is a shore-side trolley with a drag plate, which can move flexibly along the shore and is used to carry the first cavity 6, the power components, and the counterweight medium. After the pontoon 2 leaves the water surface, it can be placed on the drag plate for convenient transportation and recovery of the entire device. The first cavity 6 is a sealed storage cavity fixedly installed on the shore trolley, and the second cavity 7 is a circular sealed counterweight cavity set on the outer side of the inner wall 48 of the float 2. Both the first cavity 6 and the second cavity 7 are filled with steel balls 8 as counterweight medium. The steel balls 8 are preferably made of 304 stainless steel, with a diameter of 3-5mm. The surface is coated with silicon nitride, which has excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and smoothness. It is not easy to get stuck when transported in the pipeline. At the same time, it has a high density and can provide sufficient counterweight for the float 2 in a small volume.

[0038] The first connecting pipe mechanism connects the bottom of the first cavity 6 and the upper end of the second cavity 7, and is used to transport the steel balls 8 in the first cavity 6 to the second cavity 7; the second connecting pipe mechanism connects the lower end of the second cavity 7 and the top of the first cavity 6, and is used to return the steel balls 8 in the second cavity 7 to the first cavity 6. The first connecting pipe mechanism includes a discharge trough 30, a feed pipe 31, a compressor 32, and a valve 33. The discharge trough 30 is connected to the lower outlet of the first cavity 6. The feed pipe 31 is a flexible hose that connects the discharge trough 30 and the upper inlet of the second cavity 7. The compressor 32 is connected to the side of the discharge trough 30. The valve 33 is located between the lower end of the first cavity 6 and the discharge trough 30, and is used to control the discharge of the first cavity 6. The compressor 32 can be a 2XZ-2 type compressor 32, which can provide a blower pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa; the second connecting pipe mechanism includes... The system includes a discharge pipe 34 and a vacuum pump 35. The discharge pipe 34 is a flexible hose that connects the lower outlet of the second cavity 7 to the upper inlet of the first cavity 6. The vacuum pump 35 is connected between the discharge pipe 34 and the first cavity 6. The vacuum pump 35 can be a VPD-42 type vacuum pump, which has sufficient adsorption and conveying force for steel balls 8 with a diameter of 3-5mm. The diameters of the inlet pipe 31 and the discharge pipe 34 are both 10-20mm. It is preferably made of polyurethane reinforced hose with excellent wear resistance and good flexibility, which can adapt to the movement of the float 2 on the water surface and the raising and lowering underwater, and is not easy to wear and crack. A partition net 37 is also provided between the inlet of the first cavity 6 and the vacuum pump 35. The mesh diameter of the partition net 37 is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball 8. The partition net 37 is made of nylon material with a friction coefficient of 0.2-0.4, which has excellent wear resistance and impact resistance, and can prevent the steel ball 8 from entering the vacuum pump 35 and causing equipment collision damage.

[0039] When it is necessary to increase the weight of the pontoon 2 and drive it to sink, valve 33 is opened, and the steel balls 8 in the first cavity 6 fall into the feeding trough 30 under gravity. At the same time, compressor 32 is started, blowing compressed air at 0.3-0.5MPa into the feeding trough 30. Under the combined action of gravity and air force, the steel balls 8 are quickly and stably transported to the second cavity 7 of the pontoon 2 through the feed pipe 31. As the number of steel balls 8 in the second cavity 7 continues to increase, the overall weight of the pontoon 2 continues to increase. When the gravity exceeds the buoyancy, the pontoon 2 begins to sink, allowing silt to be extracted. The assembly 45 is inserted into the silt layer to provide continuous downward pressure, while providing sufficient counterweight support and operational stability for drilling in hard soil. When sampling is completed and it is necessary to reduce the weight of the pontoon 2 and drive it to float, the valve 33 is closed and the vacuum pump 35 is started. The vacuum pump 35 forms a negative pressure adsorption force in the discharge pipe 34, which draws all the steel balls 8 in the second cavity 7 back to the first cavity 6 through the discharge pipe 34. The overall weight of the pontoon 2 is greatly reduced. When the buoyancy is greater than the gravity, the pontoon 2 automatically floats to the water surface under the action of buoyancy, completing the recovery of the device.

[0040] This embodiment uses recyclable steel balls 8 as the counterweight medium, and achieves bidirectional rapid adjustment of the counterweight through pneumatic conveying. Compared with traditional counterweight methods such as fixed counterweight and water tank filling and emptying, the counterweight adjustment response is fast, the weight control accuracy is high, and it can flexibly adapt to the sampling needs of different water depths and soil hardness. At the same time, the steel balls 8 can be recycled and reused without consumable loss, which greatly reduces the cost of sampling operations. Moreover, the pneumatic conveying system has a simple structure, does not require complex underwater hydraulic components, has a low failure rate, and is easy to maintain, making it suitable for complex operation scenarios of field water environment management. In addition, the counterweight medium is completely recovered into the first cavity 6 of the shore base. After the float 2 floats, its own weight is extremely light, which makes it convenient for operators to throw and retrieve it on the shore, greatly reducing the intensity of operations.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, a circular material distribution ring 23 is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the second cavity 7. It is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the second cavity 7 via bearings and is coaxially arranged with the second cavity 7. Multiple through holes 24 for steel balls 8 to pass through are opened on the ring surface of the material distribution ring 23. A rotary drive mechanism for driving the material distribution ring 23 is provided on the float box 2. The rotary drive mechanism is connected to the winch motor 26 at the top of the float box 2 via a transmission mechanism, and the material distribution ring 23 can be driven to rotate synchronously by the winch motor 26. Several vertically arranged partitions 36 are fixed on the inner wall of the second cavity 7. The partitions 36 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cavity 7 and vertically fixed in the second cavity 7, dividing the interior of the second cavity 7 into multiple independent counterweight chambers of equal size. A material passage gap of uniform height is left between the lower end of the partition 36 and the bottom of the second cavity 7, so that the bottoms of all independent counterweight chambers are interconnected.

[0042] After the steel balls 8 enter the second cavity 7 through the feed pipe 31, they first fall onto the rotating material distribution ring 23. The material distribution ring 23 rotates at a constant speed under the drive of the rotational drive mechanism. The steel balls 8 fall evenly into the individual counterweight chambers below through the through holes 24 on the material distribution ring 23, so as to achieve a uniform circumferential distribution of the steel balls 8 in the second cavity 7. The partition plate 36 can prevent the steel balls 8 from gathering on one side when the float box 2 is tilted, so as to ensure that the float box 2 always maintains a horizontal posture during the sinking and operation process, and prevent tilting and overturning. The material passage gap at the lower end of the partition plate 36 can ensure that the steel balls 8 in all the individual counterweight chambers can flow smoothly into the discharge pipe 34, so that the steel balls 8 can be completely recovered when the float box 2 floats, and no residual counterweight affects the floating effect of the float box 2. The uniform distribution of counterweight steel balls 8 within the float box 2 is achieved through the cooperation of the uniform material distribution ring 23 and the partition plate 36, ensuring the verticality of the sludge collection component 45 and the drilling sampling component 44, and improving the accuracy of the sampling depth and the stability of the operation process. At the same time, the uniform material distribution ring 23 is synchronously driven by the winch motor 26, eliminating the need for additional independent drive components, simplifying the device structure, and reducing manufacturing costs and energy consumption.

[0043] Preferably, multiple propeller mechanisms 29 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the pontoon 2. Each propeller mechanism 29 includes a waterproof drive second motor and propeller blades. The start, stop and speed can be remotely controlled by a shore-based remote control device to realize the forward, backward, turning and positioning of the pontoon 2 on the water surface. A winch motor 26 is installed on the top of the pontoon 2. The winch motor 26 is a waterproof servo motor and is fixedly installed on a sealed mounting seat on the top of the pontoon 2. A winch wheel 27 is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the winch motor 26. A pull rope 28 is wound on the winch wheel 27. One end of the pull rope 28 is fixed and wound on the winch wheel 27, and the other end of the pull rope 28 extends upward and is fixedly connected to the buoy 25. The buoy 25 is a high-visibility reflective buoy 25. The length of the pull rope 28 is greater than the maximum water depth of the sampling area. The winch motor 26 is used to unwind the pull rope 28 during the sinking of the pontoon 2 so that the buoy 25 always stays on the water surface.

[0044] After the device is transported to the sampling shore, the buoy 2 is launched into the water. The operator can control the propeller mechanism 29 to start and stop via a remote control, driving the buoy 2 to move on the water surface to the preset sampling point. No operator needs to go into the water, and no boat assistance is required, enabling precise sampling and positioning throughout the entire river channel. As the buoy 2 sinks by adjusting the weight of the mechanism 3, the winch motor 26 starts simultaneously, driving the winch wheel 27 to rotate and uniformly unwind the rope 28, ensuring that the buoy 25 always floats above the sampling point on the water surface. This serves as a warning to passing boats and pedestrians, preventing the sampling device from being damaged by collisions. At the same time, the buoy 25 can be used to accurately locate the underwater sampling device, facilitating the recovery of the device after sampling. When the buoy 2 rises for recovery, the winch motor 26 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the winch wheel 27 to wind up the rope 28, bringing the buoy 25 back to the top of the buoy 2, preventing the rope 28 from getting tangled.

[0045] The remote-controlled propeller mechanism 29 enables the buoy 2 to move autonomously throughout the entire water area, significantly expanding the sampling range and improving the accuracy of sampling points. It eliminates the need for vessel cooperation, reducing the threshold and cost of sampling operations. The winch motor 26, in conjunction with the buoy 25, enables the underwater device to provide position warnings and positioning, improving the safety of the operation process. It can also adapt to sampling requirements at different water depths, ensuring that the buoy 25 is always on the water surface, providing a stable and reliable warning effect.

[0046] Preferred, such as Figure 5As shown, the sludge collection assembly 45 includes a sludge collection rod 4 vertically slidably disposed at the bottom of the float 2. The sludge collection rod 4 includes a threaded tube 42 at the upper end and an insertion tube 41 threadedly connected to the threaded tube 42. The threaded tube 42 is slidably disposed in a groove at the bottom of the float 2 and cooperates with the damping limiting assembly 47. The lower end of the threaded tube 42 is provided with an external thread, and the upper end of the insertion tube 41 is provided with an internal thread. The threaded tube 42 and the insertion tube 41 are detachably connected by a threaded coaxial connection, which facilitates disassembly, maintenance, and sample removal. The side wall of the threaded tube 42 has an opening There is a drainage hole 49 for draining the water inside the sludge when it enters the sampling chamber, so as to avoid the water from affecting the sample collection. The lower end of the insertion tube 41 is the sludge sampling end, and a sampling port is opened on the lower end face. The inside of the insertion tube 41 is a hollow sampling chamber. A rotatable baffle 5 is set at the sampling port. The baffle 5 can rotate vertically around the pin shaft to realize the opening and closing of the sampling port. The fixing rod 17 is horizontally fixed to the side wall of the threaded tube 42. The other end of the fixing rod 17 is fixedly connected to the plug 18 to realize the synchronous linkage between the plug 18 and the sludge collection rod 4.

[0047] During the process of the float 2 driving the sludge collection rod 4 downward to insert into the sludge layer, the sludge exerts an upward thrust on the baffle 5, pushing the baffle 5 to rotate upward around the pin axis, opening the sampling port, and allowing the target sludge to enter the sampling chamber of the insertion tube 41 through the sampling port, completing the collection of the target sludge sample; when the sampling is completed and the float 2 drives the sludge collection rod 4 upward to lift away from the sludge layer, the supporting force of the sludge on the baffle 5 disappears, and at the same time, the sludge sample in the sampling chamber exerts a downward pressure on the baffle 5, pushing the baffle 5 to rotate downward around the pin axis, closing the sampling port, sealing the target sludge sample in the sampling chamber, preventing the sample from falling or being washed away by the water during the upward movement of the float 2, and ensuring the integrity of the sample; the threaded tube 42 and the insertion tube 41 are detachably connected by threads, and after sampling, the insertion tube 41 can be unscrewed to facilitate quick removal of the internal sludge sample. At the same time, insertion tubes 41 of different lengths and inner diameters can be replaced according to sampling needs to adapt to different sampling depths and sample volume requirements. The automatic opening and closing structure of baffle 5 enables automatic collection and sealed preservation of sludge samples without manual intervention. The structure is simple and reliable, with high sampling efficiency and good sample integrity. The split structure with threaded connection enables quick assembly and disassembly of sludge collection rod 4, facilitating sample removal and equipment maintenance. It also improves the device's adaptability to different scenarios and can flexibly adapt to different sampling needs. In addition, the sliding cooperation between threaded tube 42 and slide groove ensures the stability of vertical movement of sludge collection rod 4, while providing a precise transmission reference for the linkage action of block 18, ensuring the accuracy of sample diversion and switching.

[0048] This invention also provides a method for sampling riverbed silt for water environment treatment, applied to the aforementioned riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment, specifically including the following steps: S1 Sampling Preparation and Sampling Point Location: Sampling personnel transport the entire sampling device to the sampling bank of the target river using a shore-side cart. They pre-check the stability of the connections of each component, the sealing of electrical components, and the on / off status of pipelines. After ensuring the reliable connection of the feed pipe 31, the discharge pipe 34 to the shore-side cart and the pontoon 2, the pontoon 2, placed on the shore-side cart's trailer, is smoothly launched into the water of the target river. The propeller mechanism 29 around the pontoon 2 is remotely controlled via a shore-based remote control device to start, stop, rotate, and turn, driving the pontoon 2 to move autonomously on the water surface to the preset sampling point, thus achieving precise positioning of the sampling location and solving the problem of limited range in traditional shore-side manual sampling.

[0049] S2 Floating Box 2 Dynamic Counterweight and Sinking Drive: After the sampling point is located, the valve 33 between the lower end of the first cavity 6 and the feeding trough 30 is opened. The steel balls 8 stored in the first cavity 6 fall into the feeding trough 30 under the action of gravity. Simultaneously, the compressor 32 is started to blow compressed air into the feeding trough 30 at a pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa. Under the combined action of gravity and air force, the steel balls 8 are stably and continuously transported to the second cavity 7 inside the float box 2 through the flexible feed pipe 31. After entering the second cavity 7, the steel balls 8 first fall onto the surface of the uniform material ring 23, and are then evenly distributed. Driven by the winch motor 26 and the transmission mechanism, the material ring 23 rotates synchronously and uniformly, causing the steel balls 8 to fall evenly through the through holes 24 on the material ring 23 into the independent counterweight chambers formed by the partition 36 in the second cavity 7, thus preventing the steel balls 8 from accumulating on one side and causing the float 2 to tilt and become unstable. As the steel balls 8 are continuously injected into the second cavity 7, the overall weight of the float 2 increases continuously. When the weight of the float 2 is greater than its own buoyancy, the float 2 drives the silt collection component 45 and the drilling sampling component 44 to move vertically downward synchronously and smoothly approach the silt layer at the bottom of the river.

[0050] S3 Surface Warning and Buoy 25 Positioning: As the pontoon 2 continues to sink, the winch motor 26 on top of the pontoon 2 is started simultaneously. The winch motor 26 drives the winch wheel 27 to rotate at a constant speed, and simultaneously unwinds the rope 28 wound on the winch wheel 27. The unwinding speed matches the sinking speed of the pontoon 2, so that the buoy 25 connected to the upper end of the rope 28 always floats directly above the sampling point on the water surface. This serves as a safety warning to passing ships and pedestrians, preventing the underwater sampling device from being damaged by collision. At the same time, the high-visibility buoy 25 accurately marks the position of the underwater sampling device, which is convenient for the accurate recovery of the device in the future.

[0051] S4 Silt Layer Target Sample Collection and Waste Sample Diversion Collection: As the pontoon 2 continues to sink, it drives the silt sampling end of the silt collection rod 4 and the drilling sampling end of the drilling sampling assembly 44 to simultaneously insert into the silt layer at the bottom of the river. During the insertion of the silt collection rod 4 into the silt layer, the silt exerts an upward thrust on the baffle 5, causing the baffle 5 to rotate upwards around the pin axis to open the sampling port, allowing the target silt sample from the silt layer to smoothly enter the internal sampling cavity of the silt collection rod 4 for collection. Simultaneously, under the action of the damping limiting assembly 47, the damping block 20 horizontally clamps the side wall of the silt collection rod 4 through the pre-tightening force of the spring 19, providing sufficient clamping damping force to maintain the silt collection rod 4. The relative position of the sludge collection rod 4 and the float box 2 remains unchanged, ensuring that the sludge collection rod 4 continues to sink with the float box 2 to complete the collection of the target sludge. During this process, the first motor 12 synchronously drives the cylinder 13 and the internal screw rod 14 to rotate synchronously. As the screw rod 14 sinks with the float box 2, it breaks up the non-target sludge and wastewater on the sampling path and conveys them upward through the screw conveyor. Finally, it is discharged through the discharge port 46 at the upper end of the cylinder 13 and falls into the waste sample collection trough 15 connected by the lower trough to complete the collection. Non-target sludge is removed in advance to avoid it from being mixed into the subsequent hard soil samples and to ensure the sampling accuracy.

[0052] Automatic triggering of S5 hard soil layer and collection of target hard soil samples: As the float 2 continues to sink until the silt sampling end of the silt collection rod 4 completely penetrates the silt layer and touches the hard soil layer below it, the hard, dense soil layer exerts a significant vertical support resistance on the silt collection rod 4. With the continuous injection of steel balls 8 into the second cavity 7, the downward pressure applied by the float 2 exceeds the clamping damping force of the damping block 20 on the silt collection rod 4. The spring 19 is horizontally compressed, and the damping block 20 retracts towards the inside of the chute, releasing the restriction on the silt collection rod 4. The silt collection rod 4 can then move vertically upwards relative to the float 2 along the chute. During its upward movement, the silt collection rod 4 is held in place by the horizontally fixed rod 17 on the side wall. The block 18 moves upward synchronously within the waste sample collection trough 15 until it completely seals the top opening of the waste sample collection trough 15, thus completing the automatic switching of the sample collection channel. Simultaneously, when the upper end of the sludge collection rod 4 reaches the end of its stroke at the top of the chute, it touches the pressure sensor 21 fixed at the upper end of the chute. After the pressure sensor 21 is triggered, it sends an electrical signal to the controller 22. Upon receiving the trigger signal, the controller 22 sends a control command to the telescopic cylinder 10 according to a preset program, controlling the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 10 to extend downward, pushing the lifting plate 11, the first motor 12, the cylinder 13, and the spiral rod 14 downward as a whole.

[0053] At this time, the float 2 maintains extremely high operational stability through the counterweight of a large number of steel balls 8 inside, providing sufficient vertical support pressure and anti-eccentric load capacity for drilling in hard soil layers, solving the problem of insufficient drilling pressure and inability to penetrate hard soil layers in traditional suspended sampling devices; the first motor 12 continuously drives the screw rod 14 to rotate, so that the drilling sampling end of the screw rod 14 can be smoothly driven into the hard soil layer, breaking up the hard soil sample and continuously conveying it upward through the screw conveyor action, and finally discharging it through the discharge port 46 at the upper end of the cylinder 13; since the opening of the waste sample collection trough 15 has been completely blocked by the block 18, the discharged hard soil sample cannot enter the waste sample collection trough 15, and directly rolls down along the upper surface of the opening to the outer hard soil collection trough 16 for independent collection, realizing the precise stratified collection of hard soil layer samples and silt layer samples, and completely avoiding sample mixing.

[0054] S6 Sampling Completed and Device Recovered: After the target silt and hard soil samples are collected, the controller 22 first controls the first motor 12 to rotate in the opposite direction, driving the screw rod 14 to rotate in the opposite direction, completely discharging the remaining material in the cylinder 13 to avoid pipeline blockage. At the same time, it controls the telescopic rod of the telescopic cylinder 10 to retract upward, driving the cylinder 13 and screw rod 14 to be completely extracted from the hard soil layer and returned to the initial installation position. Then, the valve 33 between the first cavity 6 and the discharge trough 30 is closed, and the vacuum pump 35 is started. The vacuum pump 35 creates a negative pressure adsorption force in the discharge pipe 34, which collects the steel balls 8 in each independent counterweight chamber in the second cavity 7 through the material passage gap at the lower end of the partition 36. The material is completely sucked back into the first cavity 6 of the shore cart through the discharge pipe 34, completing the recycling of the counterweight medium. As the steel balls 8 in the second cavity 7 are completely discharged, the overall weight of the float box 2 is greatly reduced. When the buoyancy of the float box 2 is greater than its own weight, the float box 2 floats vertically to the water surface under the action of the water buoyancy. Finally, the propeller mechanism 29 is controlled by the shore-based remote control device to drive the float box 2 from the sampling point to the shore. The operator retrieves the float box 2 onto the trailer of the shore cart and takes out the collected target silt sample and hard soil sample from the silt collection rod 4 and hard soil collection trough 16 respectively, completing this riverbed silt sampling operation.

[0055] The terms “above,” “below,” and “within” as used above include the number itself; the terms “exceeding” and “excluding” do not include the number itself.

[0056] The present invention has been further described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific descriptions herein should not be construed as limiting the substance and scope of the present invention. Various modifications made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art after reading this specification are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0057] If the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

Claims

1. A device for sampling riverbed silt for water environment treatment, characterized in that, The system includes a pontoon and an adjustment mechanism for changing the weight of the pontoon. A fixed plate is installed at the bottom of the pontoon, and a drilling sampling component is installed on the fixed plate. A sludge collection component that can move vertically relative to the pontoon is installed on the outside of the fixed plate. The sludge collection component has a sludge sampling end on the side away from the pontoon. The drilling sampling component forms a discharge port on the side inside the pontoon. A waste sample collection trough and a hard soil collection trough are installed on the fixed plate, with the waste sample collection trough corresponding to the discharge port. The sludge collection rod of the sludge collection component is connected to a plug block through a fixed rod. The plug block can move synchronously with the sludge collection component and is located in the waste sample collection trough so that the plug block avoids the trough opening during the sludge sampling stage and closes the trough opening when the sludge collection component moves upward.

2. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the drilling sampling component has a drilling sampling end, which is set at the same height as the sludge sampling end of the sludge collection component in the initial installation state.

3. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a damping limiting component set between the pontoon and the silt collection component. The damping limiting component includes a chute, a spring and a damping block set at the bottom of the pontoon. The spring is set on the chute and the damping block is connected to the spring. The damping block is used to maintain the relative position of the silt collection component with the pontoon when it is inserted into the silt layer, and to release the limiting when the silt sampling end of the silt collection component touches the hard soil layer.

4. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a trigger control component installed on the pontoon. The trigger control component includes a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor is installed above the chute, corresponding to the end of the upward stroke of the silt collection component. The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the drilling and sampling component. It is used to control the drilling and sampling component to perform hard soil drilling and sampling actions when the pressure sensor is triggered during the upward movement of the silt collection component.

5. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling sampling assembly includes a telescopic cylinder, a lifting plate, a first motor, a cylinder, and a spiral rod. The telescopic cylinder is located on one side of the lifting plate, and the first motor is located on the lifting plate. The first motor includes an output shaft, which is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylinder. The cylinder passes through the fixed plate, and the spiral rod is coaxially fixed inside the cylinder. The discharge port is located on the side of the cylinder inside the float box.

6. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a shore-based support unit, a first cavity fixed to the shore-based support unit, a second cavity disposed in the pontoon, steel balls, a first connecting pipe mechanism, and a second connecting pipe mechanism. The first cavity and the second cavity are filled with recyclable steel balls. The first connecting pipe mechanism is connected between the bottom of the first cavity and the upper end of the second cavity for conveying the steel balls in the first cavity to the second cavity. The second connecting pipe mechanism is connected between the lower end of the second cavity and the top of the first cavity for returning the steel balls in the second cavity to the first cavity.

7. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a partition plate and a rotatable material distribution ring installed in the second cavity. The material distribution ring has a through hole for steel balls to pass through. Several partition plates are spaced apart to divide the interior of the second cavity into multiple independent counterweight chambers. A material passage gap is formed between the lower end of the partition plate and the bottom of the second cavity for steel balls to pass through.

8. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a winch motor, a winch reel, a pull rope, and a buoy. The winch motor is located on the top of the pontoon. The output shaft of the winch motor is coaxially fixed to the winch reel. A pull rope is wound on the winch reel. One end of the pull rope is connected to the buoy. The winch motor is used to unwind the pull rope during the sinking of the pontoon so that the buoy always stays on the water surface.

9. The riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sludge collection assembly includes a sludge collection rod and a baffle. The sludge collection rod includes a threaded tube and an insertion tube connected to the threaded tube. The threaded tube is slidably set in a groove at the bottom of the float box. The lower end of the insertion tube is the sludge sampling end, and a sampling port is opened on the sludge sampling end. A rotatable baffle is set at the sampling port.

10. A method for sampling riverbed silt for water environment treatment, applied to the riverbed silt sampling device for water environment treatment as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The steps include: placing the silt collection component, the drilling sampling component, and the pontoon in the target water area, and driving the pontoon to move to the preset sampling point; A counterweight medium is delivered into the pontoon to increase its weight, causing it to drive the silt collection component and the drilling sampling component to sink synchronously into the silt layer at the bottom of the river. During the sinking of the pontoon, the sludge collection component is inserted into the sludge layer to collect the target sludge sample, and the drilling sampling component simultaneously transports and discharges non-target sludge into the waste sample collection tank corresponding to its own discharge port; When the silt collection component touches the hard soil layer below the silt layer, the silt collection component moves upward relative to the floating box, blocks the slot of the waste sample collection trough to switch the sample collection channel, and at the same time triggers the drilling sampling component to perform hard soil layer drilling sampling operation, so that the collected hard soil sample falls into the hard soil collection trough to complete independent collection. After sampling, the counterweight medium is returned from the pontoon to reduce its own weight and allow it to float to the water surface. The pontoon is then retrieved and the collected silt and hard soil samples are obtained.

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