Arrayed composite heating and energy storage system and method for supporting wind and solar power consumption

Abstract

The application relates to an array type composite heating and energy storage system and method for supporting wind and light power consumption, and relates to the field of energy storage. The system is composed of at least one basic system and an energy output system. The basic system comprises at least one basic configuration, a heat storage and heat exchange system and a control system. If the system comprises two or more basic systems, the two or more basic systems can jointly operate. The system can also jointly operate with a solid heat storage system and can also jointly operate with a comprehensive heat source system. The application can provide effective support for a power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage, specifically to an array-type composite heating energy storage system and method for supporting the integration of wind and solar power. Background Technology

[0002] Long-duration, large-scale energy storage is an urgent need to address the large-scale integration of high-proportion renewable energy sources and improve the efficiency and security of power and regional energy systems. It can effectively smooth out the output fluctuations of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power, extend the power generation time of new energy power generation systems through "peak shaving and valley filling", optimize the share and energy efficiency of renewable energy in energy utilization, and effectively stabilize system operation and improve system power generation efficiency.

[0003] Compared to long-term energy storage methods such as compressed air, flow batteries, and Carnot batteries based on ultra-high temperature heat pumps (COP<1.3), electric heating energy storage offers significant advantages in scale, cost, and lifespan. Furthermore, electric heating energy storage is highly adaptable, applicable to scenarios such as direct green power connection, flexible or low-carbon retrofitting of thermal power units, and coupling with multiple energy sources or compressed air energy storage, better meeting the diverse energy demands of the load side. In particular, high-power, high-voltage electric heating energy storage systems can effectively mitigate power output fluctuations in high-proportion renewable energy power systems, further reducing costs and losses during energy conversion, achieving large-scale, low-cost integrated utilization of multiple energy sources while balancing power density and energy density.

[0004] To address the limitations of single energy storage systems, Chinese invention patent application CN120466043A proposes a synergistic power generation system and control method combining molten salt thermal storage with compressed air energy storage; Chinese utility model patent CN221669569U proposes a comprehensive energy storage system coupling thermal storage and constant-pressure compressed air energy storage based on upper and lower reservoirs; Chinese invention patent application CN118539619A proposes a combined heat and power system coupling electric heating / thermal storage with compressed air energy storage for industrial parks with distributed wind power, photovoltaic power generation, and combined heat and power (CHP) needs; and Chinese invention patent application CN121229201A proposes a gas-steam combined cycle power generation system coupling molten salt thermal storage and biomass energy storage. However, the existing electric heating energy storage systems mainly focus on energy storage scale and peak-shaving capacity. For energy storage systems based on a single type of energy, there are problems such as low efficiency and insufficient flexibility in responding quickly to load and power fluctuations under wide operating conditions. At the same time, they cannot provide effective support to the power grid when the output of new energy sources is poor due to extreme weather. In addition, existing systems also have problems such as high heat tracing costs and poor reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an array-type composite heating and energy storage system and method for supporting wind and solar energy integration. The system comprises at least one basic system and one energy output system. The basic system includes at least one basic configuration, a thermal storage and heat exchange system, and a control system. If the system includes two or more basic systems, these systems can operate in conjunction. This invention can also be operated in conjunction with a solid thermal storage system or with a comprehensive heat source system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration includes at least one basic system and an energy output system connected thereto. The basic system includes at least one basic configuration, a thermal storage and heat exchange system, and a control system. The basic configuration includes a first inlet, a second inlet, an electric heater group, a fuel furnace group, an intermediate tank group, a bypass valve, a wind power group, and a photovoltaic group. The first inlet is connected in series with the inlet of the electric heater group. The outlet of the electric heater group is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass valve and the inlet of the intermediate tank group. The outlet of the bypass valve and the outlet of the intermediate tank group are connected in parallel and then connected to the inlet of the fuel furnace group. The thermal storage and heat exchange system includes a first thermal storage tank group, a second thermal storage tank group, and a third thermal storage tank group. The system comprises a heat storage tank group, a first heat exchanger, a two-way valve, a first bypass pipe, and a second bypass pipe. The outlet of the first heat storage tank group is connected to the first inlet of the basic configuration via the two-way valve. The outlet of the basic configuration is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage tank group. The inlet of the second heat storage tank group is also connected to the outlet of the pump of the second heat storage tank group via the first bypass pipe and the two-way valve. One outlet of the pump of the second heat storage tank group is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank group via the second bypass pipe and the two-way valve, and the other outlet is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger. The outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage tank group. The control system is connected to the basic configuration and the heat storage and heat exchange system to realize data acquisition, communication, and control.

[0008] This invention also provides an array-type composite heating energy storage method for supporting wind and solar energy integration, applied to the aforementioned array-type composite heating energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration, comprising: determining, based on the balance between wind and solar power output and load demand, whether the array-type composite heating energy storage system is operating in a wind and solar power surplus energy storage mode, a wind and solar power deficiency energy release mode, or a long-term no-solar / no-fuel supplementation mode; in the wind and solar power surplus energy storage mode, using the electrical energy from the wind and solar power units to drive an electric heater group to heat the heat exchange medium from the first thermal storage tank group, and the heated heat exchange medium is stored in the second thermal storage tank group via a fuel furnace group; in the wind and solar power deficiency energy release mode, the heat exchange medium in the second thermal storage tank group is transported to the first heat exchanger to release heat energy, and the released heat exchange medium is sent back to the first thermal storage tank group; in the long-term no-solar / no-fuel supplementation mode, the fuel furnace group is started as the main heating source to heat the heat exchange medium.

[0009] Beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. In this invention, the fuel furnace group and the electric heater group are arranged in an array, which can be coupled with wind and solar large-scale bases to achieve high-power deployment and operation, and achieve stable power generation equivalent to thermal power while keeping electricity costs low; the system is always in a hot start state and can immediately respond to sudden peak shaving or frequency regulation commands.

[0011] 2. In this invention, green electricity and fossil fuels are highly complementary. The flexible adjustment capability of electric heating can achieve rapid energy storage. The fuel furnace array serves as a supplement and backup, and can adjust the power over a wide range of operating conditions. At the same time, the array can be started and stopped and switched between series and parallel to meet the needs of various operating condition fluctuations. Combined with the advantages of large-scale energy release of thermal storage tanks, rapid energy release can be achieved at the same time. The system can also store and release energy simultaneously.

[0012] 3. In this invention, the system maintains hot operation, which improves the response speed on the one hand, and directly utilizes the heating heat exchange medium of a small amount of heat exchange medium furnace to form an adaptive temperature field in the pipeline, thereby reducing the power consumption of electric heat tracing plants.

[0013] 4. In this invention, the fuel furnace group and the electric heater group are connected in series. When heating together, the fuel can heat the heat exchange medium in the low-temperature section and use high-grade electrical energy to heat the high-temperature section, resulting in high system exergy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the basic configuration of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an array-type composite heating energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy consumption according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an energy storage and release control strategy and method for an array-type composite heating energy storage system used to support wind and solar energy integration, according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the joint operation of multiple array-type composite heating and energy storage systems for supporting wind and solar energy consumption in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combined operation of an array-type composite heating energy storage system and a solid thermal energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy consumption, according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combined operation of an array-type composite heating energy storage system and an integrated heat source system for supporting wind and solar energy consumption, according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0020] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1001-Second inlet, 1002-First inlet, 1003-Heat source, 1004-Electric heater group, 1005-Wind power group, 1006-Photovoltaic group, 1007-Electric heater group outlet side, 1008-Bypass valve inlet side, 1009-Intermediate tank group inlet side, 1010-Bypass valve, 1011-Intermediate tank group, 1012-Bypass valve outlet side, 1013-Intermediate tank group outlet side, 1014-Fuel furnace group, 1016-Bypass connection point, 2001-First thermal storage tank group, 2002-Heat exchange medium pump, 2003-Outlet side of pump of first thermal storage tank group, 2004-Two-way valve inlet, 2005-Two-way valve, 2006-Two-way valve outlet, 2007-Basic configuration, 2008-Outlet of basic configuration, 20 09-Inlet of the second thermal storage tank group, 2010-Second thermal storage tank group, 2011-First bypass pipe, 2012-Three-way valve, 2013-Outlet of the pump of the second thermal storage tank group, 2014-Second bypass pipe, 2015-Inlet of the first thermal storage tank group, 2016-First heat exchanger, 2017-Inlet of the first heat exchanger, 2018-Inlet of the second heat exchanger, 2019-Inlet of the three-way valve, 2020-Pipeline, 2021-Heat engine unit, 2022-Generator, 2023-Power line, 2024-User, 2025-Second heat exchanger, 3001-Basic system, 4001-Solid thermal storage system, 4002-Valve, 4003-Solid heating thermal storage group, 4004-Third heat exchanger, 4005-Blower, 5001-Integrated heat source system. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] This invention proposes an array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration, comprising at least one basic system 3001 and an energy output system. The basic system 3001 includes at least one basic configuration 2007, a thermal storage and heat exchange system, and a control system. If the array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration includes two or more basic systems 3001, the two or more basic systems 3001 can operate in conjunction. The array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration can also operate in conjunction with a solid thermal storage system 4001, or with a comprehensive heat source system 5001.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, the basic configuration 2007 includes a basic configuration inlet, a basic configuration outlet 2008, an electric heater group 1004, a wind power group 1005, a photovoltaic group 1006, an intermediate tank group 1011, a bypass valve 1010, a bypass connection point 1016, a fuel furnace group 1014, and a heat exchange medium, and may also include a heat source 1003.

[0024] The electric heater group 1004 includes at least one electric heater. If there are multiple electric heaters, their heat exchange medium sides can be connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel configurations. The electric heater can be a resistance type, an electrode type, or an electromagnetic induction type. The intermediate tank group 1011 includes at least one heat storage tank or none at all. If the intermediate tank group 1011 includes two or more heat storage tanks, they can be connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel configurations. If the intermediate tank group 1011 does not include any heat storage tanks, the intermediate tank group inlet and outlet are directly connected by a pipe.

[0025] The wind power unit 1005 includes at least one wind turbine, and the photovoltaic unit 1006 includes at least one photovoltaic panel.

[0026] The fuel furnace group 1014 includes at least one fuel heater. If there are two or more fuel heaters, the heat exchange medium sides of the two or more fuel heaters can be connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel. The fuel used by the fuel furnace can be coal, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, biomass fuel, or coke oven tail gas.

[0027] The heat source 1003 can be concentrated solar energy, industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, waste heat from a thermal power plant or a coal-fired power plant, or a combination of at least two of the above heat sources 1003.

[0028] The heat exchange medium can be molten salt, water, or heat transfer oil.

[0029] The basic configuration inlet includes a first inlet 1002 and a second inlet 1001. The first inlet 1002 is directly connected in series with the electric heater assembly 1004, and the second inlet 1001 is connected in series with the heat source 1003 and then connected back to the first inlet 1002 in parallel. The inlet sides of the heat exchange medium of the first inlet 1002 and the electric heater assembly 1004 are connected in series. The outlet side 1007 of the electric heater assembly is connected in series with both the bypass valve inlet side 1008 and the intermediate tank assembly inlet side 1009. The connection point connecting the outlet side 1007 of the electric heater assembly, the bypass valve inlet side 1008, and the intermediate tank assembly inlet side 1009 is the bypass connection point 1016. The outlet side 1012 of the bypass valve and the outlet side 1013 of the intermediate tank assembly are connected in parallel, and the parallel outlet is connected to the inlet side of the fuel furnace assembly 1014. The electrical energy generated by the wind turbine 1005 and the photovoltaic unit 1006 can be connected to the electric heater group 1004 through a single transmission line, or a single wind turbine in the wind turbine 1005 and a single photovoltaic unit in the photovoltaic unit 1006 can be directly connected to a single electric heater in the electric heater group 1004 through multiple transmission lines.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the thermal storage and heat exchange system includes a first thermal storage tank group 2001, a second thermal storage tank group 2010, piping 2020, a two-way valve 2005, a first bypass pipe 2011, a second bypass pipe 2014, and a first heat exchanger 2016, and may also include a second heat exchanger 2025. If the second heat exchanger 2025 is included, the thermal storage and heat exchange system also includes a three-way valve 2012.

[0031] The first thermal storage tank group 2001 includes at least one thermal storage tank, and each thermal storage tank includes at least one heat exchange medium pump 2002. If the first thermal storage tank group 2001 includes multiple thermal storage tanks, the thermal storage tanks can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel connection.

[0032] The second thermal storage tank group 2010 includes at least one thermal storage tank, and each thermal storage tank includes at least one heat exchange medium pump 2002. If the second thermal storage tank group 2010 includes multiple thermal storage tanks, the thermal storage tanks can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel connection.

[0033] If there is one basic configuration 2007 in the array-type composite heating and energy storage system used to support wind and solar energy consumption, the outlet 2003 of the pump of the first thermal storage tank group is connected to a two-way valve 2005, the outlet 2006 of the two-way valve is connected to the inlet of the basic configuration 2007, and the outlet 2008 of the basic configuration is connected to the inlet of the second thermal storage tank. If there are N basic configurations 2007 in the array-type composite heating and energy storage system used to support wind and solar energy consumption, where N > 1 and is an integer, then the outlet 2003 of the pump of the first thermal storage tank group branches into N paths, each of which is connected to a two-way valve 2005. The outlet 2006 of the two-way valve is then connected to the inlet of the basic configuration 2007, and finally, the outlets 2008 of the N basic configurations all converge to the inlet 2009 of the second thermal storage tank group. The inlet 2009 of the second thermal storage tank group is divided into two paths. One path connects to the second thermal storage tank group 2010; the other path is connected in series with a two-way valve via a first bypass pipe 2011. The outlet of the two-way valve is connected to the outlet 2013 of the pump of the second thermal storage tank group. The outlet 2013 of the pump of the second thermal storage tank group is divided into two paths. One path connects to a two-way valve via a second bypass pipe 2014. The outlet of the two-way valve is connected to the inlet 2015 of the first thermal storage tank group.

[0034] If a second heat exchanger 2025 exists in the array-type composite heating and energy storage system used to support wind and solar energy consumption, then another path of the pump outlet 2013 of the second heat storage tank group is connected to the three-way valve inlet 2019. One path of the three-way valve outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger 2016, and the other three-way valve outlet path is connected to the three-way valve inlet 2019 of the second heat exchanger 2025. The outlets of the first heat exchanger 2016 and the second heat exchanger 2025 are connected together and then connected to the inlet 2015 of the first heat storage tank group. If the second heat exchanger 2025 does not exist, then another path of the pump outlet 2013 of the second heat storage tank group is directly connected to the first heat exchanger 2016, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger 2016 is directly connected to the inlet 2015 of the first heat storage tank group.

[0035] The energy output system includes a power generation system, a heating system, or both. The power generation system includes a heat engine unit 2021, pipelines 2020, a generator 2022, and power lines 2023. The heating system includes users 2024 and pipelines 2020. If the thermal storage and heat exchange system has a second heat exchanger 2025, then the corresponding energy output system includes both a heat generation system and a heating system.

[0036] If the thermal storage and heat exchange system does not include the second heat exchanger 2025, the corresponding energy output system can be a power generation system or a heating system. If the thermal storage and heat exchange system does not include the second heat exchanger 2025, and the energy output system is a power generation system, the heat turbine unit 2021 is connected to the first heat exchanger 2016 through the pipeline 2020, the power side of the heat turbine unit 2021 is connected to the generator 2022, and the power side of the generator 2022 is connected to the power line 2023 through the cable; if the energy output system is a heating system, the user 2024 is connected to the first heat exchanger 2016 through the pipeline 2020.

[0037] If the heat storage and heat exchange system includes a second heat exchanger 2025, then the heat turbine unit 2021 is connected to the first heat exchanger 2016 via pipeline 2020. The power side of the heat turbine unit 2021 is connected to the generator 2022, and the power side of the generator 2022 is connected to the power line 2023 via a cable. Simultaneously, the user 2024 is connected to the second heat exchanger 2025 via pipeline 2020. The heat turbine unit 2021 can be a steam cycle, a gas-steam combined cycle, a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, or a coal gasification reforming cycle.

[0038] The control system includes a data acquisition device, a communication device, a control device, and a control strategy. The data acquisition device is responsible for collecting the real-time output of wind turbine 1005. 1006 photovoltaic modules in real time output The outlet temperature of the first thermal storage tank group 2001 Electric heater group 1004 outlet temperature Frequency deviation of power lines in 2023 The communication device is responsible for receiving power grid load demands or dispatch instructions. The control unit is responsible for executing the control variables, which include the electric heating power of all electric heater groups 1004. Heating power of all fuel furnace groups 1014 Total circulating flow rate of heat exchange medium The frequency of the heat exchange medium pump 2002 Two-way valve 2005 opening degree The control strategy includes known quantities, such as the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium. Electric heater efficiency 1014 thermal efficiency of fuel furnace group Target heating outlet temperature Maximum allowable temperature of electric heater tube wall or local area .

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the control strategy includes operating condition identification and total power demand. The calculation method, heat source coordination control strategy, heat exchange medium flow rate and heat exchange medium pump 2002 control coupling strategy, two-way valve fine regulation, grid primary frequency regulation fast response, minimum power hot standby mode and power generation and heating condition control strategy.

[0040] Operating condition identification and total power demand The calculation includes: first, determining the current operating mode based on the balance between wind and solar power output and load demand, and calculating the required total heating power or power generation power. The operating mode includes mode A, mode B and mode C.

[0041] Mode A is the excess energy storage mode for wind turbine 1005 and photovoltaic 1006 (i.e. Figure 3 The wind and solar oversupply energy storage mode), its triggering condition is Power deficit / surplus is The control objective of this mode is to fully absorb the excess electrical energy. ,Right now .

[0042] Mode B is the wind and solar power insufficient energy release mode, and its triggering condition is: Power deficit / surplus is The control objective of this mode is to use the system's energy output to generate electricity. Furthermore, it prioritizes using the thermal energy stored in the second thermal storage tank group 2010 to drive the heat engine unit 2021 to generate electricity. At this time, the fuel furnace group 1014 is in standby or supplementary heating mode.

[0043] Mode C is a long-term no-light / no-fuel-replenishment mode, which is triggered by a long duration (time > 24 hours). And the liquid level or temperature of the second thermal storage tank group 2010 is below the threshold ( Here, SOC represents the state of charge of the energy storage system, which directly corresponds to the liquid level in the thermal storage tank. (At the minimum SOC), the control target for this mode is the 1014 main heating power of the fuel furnace group, i.e. .

[0044] The heat source coordination control strategy is as follows: electric heater group 1004 is given priority, and fuel furnace group 1014 is used as a source of supplementary heating power (i.e., Figure 3 The heating power is allocated based on the principle of prioritizing electric heating and allocating heating power to fuel furnaces as a backup, thus addressing the issues of high inertia and slow adjustment of fuel furnaces. The electric heating power setting values ​​for all electric heater groups 1004 are as follows: The electric heater is to withstand all rapid fluctuations and base loads until it reaches its rated upper limit. ,in, For the required electric heater power, This is the maximum heating power of the electric heater. If the system only needs to maintain a hot state in Mode B or Mode C, then... , This is the minimum heating power of the electric heater. The electric heating power setting value for fuel furnace group 1014. Fuel furnace 1014 is only activated when the electric heating power is insufficient to cover the total demand, and serves as a slowly changing base load. At this point, the fuel valve opening is mapped to The millisecond-level response characteristics of the electric heater compensate for the thermal inertia of the fuel furnace. When the load changes rapidly, only the electric heating power setpoint is adjusted. Maintain electric heating power setting Stable, thereby ensuring the mixing outlet temperature The temperature is kept constant to prevent overheating.

[0045] The heat exchange medium flow rate is coupled with pump control (i.e.) Figure 3 The strategy of strongly coupling the molten salt pump flow rate with the heating power to ensure stable temperature rise despite changes in power and flow rate is as follows: The flow rate of the heat exchange medium pump 2002 is strongly coupled with the heating power to ensure stable temperature rise despite changes in power and flow rate. Its theoretical flow rate is calculated as follows: Its safety limiting mechanism is designed to prevent pipe solidification due to excessively low flow rate, or overload of heat exchange medium pump 2002 due to excessively high flow rate. ,in, This represents the total circulating flow rate of the heat exchange medium. For theoretical flow calculation, To allow minimum flow, To allow the maximum flow, clip means to... The value of is restricted to Between. The output of heat exchange medium pump 2002 is ,in, Based on the base frequency, For pump coefficient, For total flow, Based on basic traffic, To set the temperature, at this point, regardless of how drastic the power fluctuations, this formula guarantees the temperature rise of the heat exchange medium after it flows through the heater. It always tends to the set value, preventing overheating from the source.

[0046] The bypass valve is finely controlled to meet the total flow requirements. Uneven flow rates inside the electric heater may cause localized overheating or condensation of the heat exchange medium at low flow rates. The optimal flow rate calculation for the heating branch is to ensure that the local temperature of the electric heater does not exceed [a certain threshold]. (Local highest temperature) and flow rate not lower than (Minimum flow rate), i.e., the optimized flow rate of the heating system. ,in, For branch heating power, This refers to the specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium. Each branch valve is a two-way valve 2005. The flow rate of that branch can be changed by controlling the opening of the bypass valve 1010. The opening degree of the two-way valve 2005... .

[0047] The fast response of primary frequency regulation in the power grid is as follows: It utilizes the rapid power regulation capability of electric heaters to participate in power grid frequency regulation, while simultaneously using valve flow control in each branch to eliminate temperature fluctuations. Its triggering mechanism is the detection of power grid frequency deviations. Power fast correction (millisecond level) is as follows: ,in, To update the power of the electric heater, This is the frequency modulation droop factor.

[0048] The dynamic temperature compensation for the electric heater is as follows: Because sudden power changes can disrupt the thermal balance, the opening of the two-way valve 2005 needs to be adjusted instantaneously to offset the temperature fluctuations, i.e.:

[0049] ;

[0050] .

[0051] in, for The increment, This is the opening degree of the two-way valve 2005 after the increment is added. This is the droop factor for frequency modulation. This refers to the power grid frequency deviation.

[0052] Its logical advantage is that, without changing the frequency of the heat exchange medium pump 2002 (which has a slow response), it achieves a second-level response to the grid frequency regulation command through power-bypass linkage, and ensures that the temperature fluctuation of the heat exchange medium outlet is within the allowable range.

[0053] Minimum power hot standby mode (i.e.) Figure 3 The "Always Maintain Minimum Power Hot Standby Mode" means that when there is no peak-shaving demand and the heat storage is full, the electric heater does not shut down but enters hot standby mode, meaning the electric heater maintains its temperature and can increase its heating power at any time. The electric heater's set value is... (5%~10% of rated power) Furthermore, the heat exchange medium pump 2002 maintains operation at the minimum safe frequency.

[0054] Energy release and heating operation control strategy (i.e. Figure 3The heat and power distribution under the heating and power generation conditions is as follows: The energy release and power generation condition is the energy release stage of the energy storage system, which converts the heat energy stored in the heat exchange medium into electrical output and heat supply. Under this condition, the heat exchange medium in the second heat storage tank group 2010 is transported to the heat storage heat exchange system by the heat exchange medium pump 2002, heating the working medium to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which drives the heat engine unit 2021 to generate electricity or provide heat.

[0055] The heating system includes a heat exchange medium energy release flow control loop and heating and power generation operating condition control strategies.

[0056] The heat exchange medium energy release flow control (i.e. Figure 3 The molten salt energy release flow control is as follows: the heat exchange medium flow rate is subject to feedforward-feedback composite control based on the power generation load demand. The feedforward control calculates the required heat exchange medium mass flow rate based on the power generation setpoint, while the feedback control corrects for the temperature deviation at the outlet of the second thermal storage tank group 2010. The formula for calculating the heat exchange medium flow rate setpoint is: ,in, To meet the heating load demand for heat power, For heat power generation, For cycle efficiency, The specific heat capacity of the heat exchange medium. , These are the temperatures of the first thermal storage tank group and the second thermal storage tank group, respectively.

[0057] The control strategy for heating and power generation is as follows: Heating and power generation are combined into a single operating mode. While meeting external heat load demands, surplus heat energy is used for power generation, achieving cascaded energy utilization and maximizing overall system efficiency. The heat power distribution formula is: .in, To release the total heat power to the heat exchange medium, To meet the heating load demand for heat power, For heat power generation, This represents the system's heat loss.

[0058] The heating control loop is as follows: the heating parameters adopt constant temperature / constant pressure control, that is, the flow rate set value of the heat exchange medium side of the heat exchanger is determined according to the user's 2024 load demand, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the heat exchange medium pump 2002 in the heating loop, and the heating outlet temperature is monitored to ensure that the user's 2024 demand is met.

[0059] Power generation following control means that after meeting the heating demand, the remaining heat is used for power generation, which can be calculated using the formula for power generation heat: The power generation setting is dynamically adjusted based on available heat. Its upper limit is constrained by the temperature and flow rate of the heat exchange medium.

[0060] The mode switching logic is as follows: A working condition discrimination function is used, which is defined as the system operating mode discrimination function. Its value is determined by the heat load demand. and the temperature of the heat exchange medium Joint decision:

[0061] ;

[0062] in, This is a simultaneous heating and power generation mode. For pure power generation mode, an auxiliary heating heat exchange medium electric heater is combined (i.e.) Figure 3 (Pure power generation mode + auxiliary heating molten salt electric heater). For electric heaters that do not supply heat or generate electricity and combine auxiliary heating heat exchange medium (i.e.) Figure 3 (No heating or power generation + auxiliary heating molten salt electric heater). In shutdown protection mode, The minimum operating temperature threshold is 280℃. The emergency shutdown temperature threshold is 260℃.

[0063] The mode switching conditions are expressed using Boolean algebra, and the following logical variables are defined:

[0064] ;

[0065] The logical expressions for each operating mode are as follows:

[0066] ;

[0067] in, Indicates "and", Indicates "not".

[0068] Define a priority assignment function Used to determine the control authority of each control loop:

[0069] ;

[0070] in, This indicates that heating control has a high priority. This indicates that power generation control has a high priority. Indicates the priority of heating control. This indicates the priority of power generation control.

[0071] To avoid frequent switching of operating conditions, a temperature hysteresis comparison circuit is set up, which is a temperature hysteresis comparator. for:

[0072] ;

[0073] in, Molten salt temperature, Minimum temperature, The hysteresis bandwidth (can be taken as 10℃). This represents the comparator output state at the previous moment.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, when an array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy consumption, consisting of at least two basic systems 3001, is operating in conjunction, the combined system includes at least one energy output system, and the heat storage and heat exchange system in each basic system 3001 may or may not include a second heat exchanger 2025. In the combined system, if some of the heat storage and heat exchange systems in the basic system 3001 include a second heat exchanger 2025, then in the energy output system, the first heat exchanger 2016 is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016 and then connected to the heat turbine unit 2021; the second heat exchanger 2025 is connected in series with the second heat exchanger 2025 and then connected in series with the user 2024. In the combined system, if some of the heat storage and heat exchange systems in the basic system 3001 do not include a second heat exchanger 2025, then the first heat exchanger 2016 in the energy output system is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016 and then connected to the heat engine unit 2021; alternatively, the first heat exchanger 2016 can be connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016 and then connected to the user 2024. The heat exchange media in the basic configuration 2007 of at least two basic systems 3001 can be of different types.

[0075] like Figure 5As shown, when an array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy consumption is used in conjunction with a solid thermal energy storage system 4001, the resulting solid combined system includes a solid thermal energy storage system 4001, at least one basic system 3001, and at least one energy output system. The solid thermal energy storage system 4001 includes at least one solid heating and energy storage group 4003, a valve 4002, a blower 4005, and a third heat exchanger 4004. The solid heating and energy storage group 4003 includes at least one solid heating and energy storage unit; if it includes multiple solid heating and energy storage units, the heat exchange sides of the multiple units are connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel configurations. If there is one solid-state heating storage unit, the outlet of the blower 4005 is connected to the inlet of valve 4002, the outlet of valve 4002 is connected to the inlet of solid-state heating storage group 4003, the outlet of solid-state heating storage group 4003 is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 4004, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger 4004 is connected to the outlet of the blower 4005. If there are N (N>1, and are integers) solid-state heating storage units, the outlet of the blower 4005 is divided into N branches and connected to the inlets of N valves 4002. The outlets of the valves 4002 in each branch are connected to the inlets of the solid-state heating storage group 4003. The outlets of the N solid-state heating storage groups 4003 are combined and then connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 4004. The outlet of the third heat exchanger 4004 is connected to the inlet of the blower 4005. If some systems in the basic system 3001 have a second heat exchanger 2025, then in the energy output system, the first heat exchanger 2016 is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016, and then connected to the heat engine unit 2021; the second heat exchanger 2025 is connected in series with the second heat exchanger 2025, and then connected to the third heat exchanger 4004 of the solid thermal storage system 4001, and finally connected in series with the user 2024. If none of the heat storage and heat exchange systems in the basic system 3001 contain a second heat exchanger 2025, then in the energy output system, the first heat exchanger 2016 is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016, and then connected to the third heat exchanger 4004 of the solid thermal storage system 4001, and finally connected to the heat engine unit 2021; alternatively, the first heat exchanger 2016 is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016, and then connected to the third heat exchanger 4004 of the solid thermal storage system 4001, and finally connected to the user 2024.

[0076] like Figure 6As shown, an array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy consumption, operating in conjunction with an integrated heat source system 5001, comprises at least one integrated heat source system 5001, at least one basic system 3001, and at least one energy output system. The integrated heat source system 5001 includes at least one heat source 1003, a valve 4002, a blower 4005 or a heat exchange medium pump 2002, and a third heat exchanger 4004. If the system has one heat source 1003, the outlet of the blower 4005 or the heat exchange medium pump 2002 is connected to the inlet of the valve 4002, the outlet of the valve 4002 is connected to the inlet of the heat source 1003, the outlet of the heat source 1003 is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 4004, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger 4004 is connected to the inlet of the blower 4005 or the heat exchange medium pump 2002. If the system has N (N>1, and is an integer) heat sources 1003, the outlet of the blower 4005 or heat exchange medium pump 2002 is divided into N paths and connected to the inlets of N valves 4002. The outlets of the valves 4002 on each branch are connected to the inlets of the heat sources 1003. The outlets of the N heat sources 1003 are collected together and then connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 4004. The outlet of the third heat exchanger 4004 is connected to the inlet of the blower 4005 or heat exchange medium pump 2002. If the heat storage and heat exchange system in the basic system 3001 has a second heat exchanger 2025 in part, then the first heat exchanger 2016 in the energy output system is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016 and then connected to the heat engine unit 2021; the second heat exchanger 2025 is connected in series with the second heat exchanger 2025 and then connected to the third heat exchanger 4004 of the integrated heat source system 5001, and finally connected in series with the user 2024. If none of the heat storage and heat exchange systems in the basic system 3001 include a second heat exchanger 2025, then the first heat exchanger 2016 in the energy output system is connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016, then connected to the third heat exchanger 4004 of the integrated heat source system 5001, and finally connected to the heat engine unit 2021; alternatively, the first heat exchanger 2016 can be connected in series with the first heat exchanger 2016, then connected to the third heat exchanger 4004 of the integrated heat source system 5001, and finally connected to the user 2024.

[0077] Example:

[0078] This embodiment applies the aforementioned control strategy to a wind-solar-storage-thermal integrated power station to demonstrate the system's linkage control process under complex operating conditions.

[0079] System initial parameters: Wind turbine 1005 rated capacity 150MW, photovoltaic turbine 1006 rated capacity 80MW, electric heater 1004 rated power 100MW, fuel furnace 1014 rated thermal power 60MW, and first thermal storage tank 2001 capacity 2000MWh. The initial opening degree of two-way valve 2005 is α=0.3. The heat exchange medium is binary molten salt, with a designed inlet temperature T_in=290℃ and outlet temperature T_out=565℃. The initial operating condition is a stable thermal storage mode, with a total wind and solar power output of 180MW, of which 100MW is converted into thermal energy for storage via electric heaters.

[0080] At time T=0s, a sudden increase in power grid load causes a system frequency deviation. Simultaneously, affected by the sudden weather change, the output of wind turbine 1005 decreased by 30% within 10 seconds (from 100MW to 70MW). The control system executed the linkage control according to the following logic:

[0081] Scenario 1: Millisecond-level power rapid correction. The data acquisition device detected... This immediately triggers a frequency modulation logic. According to the formula... (Pick The output power of the electric heater group 1004 dynamically increased from 100MW to 110MW within 20ms, providing 10MW of instantaneous power support to the grid to suppress frequency drops.

[0082] Scenario 2: Second-level dynamic temperature compensation. Sudden power fluctuations disrupt the thermal balance at the electric heater outlet. The control system responds according to the formula... Calculate the opening increment of the two-way valve 2005, and dynamically adjust α from 0.3 to 0.22 within 2 seconds. By increasing the molten salt flow rate through the main circuit of the electric heater, the outlet temperature overshoot caused by the sudden power increase is offset, and the T_out fluctuation is controlled within ±5℃.

[0083] Scenario 3: Minute-level coordinated switching of heat sources. The system determines that the sudden drop in wind power is a continuous event. When the electric heater group 1004 operates at 110MW for more than 60 seconds and the liquid level in the thermal storage tank drops to the warning threshold, the backup heating program of the fuel furnace group 1014 is activated: the fuel furnace thermal power is gradually introduced at a ramp rate of 10MW / min, and the output of the fuel furnace is stabilized at 40MW within 300 seconds. At the same time, the power of the electric heater gradually drops back to 90MW, completing the seamless switching of the "electric-gas" heat source.

[0084] Operational effect verification: (1) Frequency regulation response: The frequency deviation recovered from -0.2Hz to -0.05Hz within 5s and fully recovered to the rated value within 30s; (2) Temperature stability: Thanks to the power-flow linkage compensation of the two-way valve 2005, the maximum deviation of the molten salt outlet temperature was only +3.2℃, which was far lower than the +18℃ fluctuation when the compensation was not enabled; (3) Continuous operation capability: During the heat source switching process, the steam parameters of the energy release power generation system remained stable, realizing continuous and stable energy output during wind and solar fluctuations.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration, characterized in that, It includes at least one basic system and an energy output system connected thereto; the basic system includes at least one basic configuration, a thermal storage and heat exchange system, and a control system; the basic configuration includes a first inlet, a second inlet, an electric heater group, a fuel furnace group, an intermediate tank group, a bypass valve, a wind power group, and a photovoltaic group; the first inlet is connected in series with the inlet of the electric heater group; the outlet of the electric heater group is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the bypass valve and the inlet of the intermediate tank group; the outlet of the bypass valve and the outlet of the intermediate tank group are connected in parallel and then connected together to the inlet of the fuel furnace group; the thermal storage and heat exchange system includes a first thermal storage tank group, a second thermal storage tank group, a first heat exchanger, and a two-way valve. The system includes valves, a first bypass pipe, and a second bypass pipe. The outlet of the first thermal storage tank group is connected to the first inlet of the basic configuration via a two-way valve. The outlet of the basic configuration is connected to the inlet of the second thermal storage tank group. The inlet of the second thermal storage tank group is also connected to the outlet of the pump of the second thermal storage tank group via the first bypass pipe and the two-way valve. One outlet of the pump of the second thermal storage tank group is connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage tank group via the second bypass pipe and the two-way valve, and the other outlet is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger. The outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage tank group. The control system is connected to the basic configuration and the thermal storage and heat exchange system to realize data acquisition, communication, and control.

2. The array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electricity generated by the wind turbines and photovoltaic units is connected to the electric heater unit.

3. The array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic configuration also includes a heat source, and the second inlet is connected in series with the heat source and then connected back in parallel to the first inlet.

4. The array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal storage and heat exchange system also includes a second heat exchanger and a three-way valve; the outlet of the pump of the second thermal storage tank group is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger and the inlet of the second heat exchanger respectively through the three-way valve; the outlets of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are combined and connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage tank group.

5. An array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy output system is a power generation system or a heating system; the power generation system includes a heat engine unit connected to a first heat exchanger via pipelines, and a generator connected to the heat engine unit; the heating system includes users connected to the first heat exchanger or a second heat exchanger via pipelines.

6. A method for array-type composite heating and energy storage to support wind and solar energy integration, characterized in that, An array-type composite heating and energy storage system for supporting wind and solar energy integration, as described in any one of claims 1-5, comprises: determining, based on the balance between wind and solar power output and load demand, whether the array-type composite heating and energy storage system operates in a wind and solar power surplus energy storage mode, a wind and solar power deficiency energy release mode, or a long-term no-solar / no-fuel supplementation mode; in the wind and solar power surplus energy storage mode, using the electricity from the wind and solar power units to drive an electric heater group to heat the heat exchange medium from the first thermal storage tank group, and the heated heat exchange medium enters the second thermal storage tank group for storage via a fuel furnace group; in the wind and solar power deficiency energy release mode, transporting the heat exchange medium in the second thermal storage tank group to the first heat exchanger to release heat energy, and sending the released heat exchange medium back to the first thermal storage tank group; in the long-term no-solar / no-fuel supplementation mode, starting the fuel furnace group as the main heating source to heat the heat exchange medium.

7. A method for array-type composite heating and energy storage to support wind and solar energy integration according to claim 6, characterized in that, When heating the heat exchange medium, the power allocation principle of prioritizing electric heater groups and supplementing with fuel furnace groups is adopted. The electric heater groups bear all rapid fluctuations and base loads up to their rated upper limit. When the electric heating power is insufficient to cover the total demand, the fuel furnace groups are started to supplement the heating as the slowly changing base load.

8. A method for array-type composite heating and energy storage to support wind and solar energy integration according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the heating process, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium pump is strongly coupled with the total heating power, and the frequency of the heat exchange medium pump is dynamically adjusted according to the total heating power to ensure that the temperature rise of the heat exchange medium after flowing through the electric heater group is stable.

9. A method for array-type composite heating and energy storage to support wind and solar energy integration according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the grid frequency deviates, the rapid power regulation capability of the electric heater group is used to perform millisecond-level power correction, and the opening of the bypass valve is adjusted simultaneously to offset the temperature fluctuation caused by the power change, so as to achieve a rapid response of the primary frequency regulation of the grid.

10. A method for array-type composite heating and energy storage to support wind and solar energy integration according to claim 6, characterized in that, When there is no peak-shaving demand and the heat storage is full, the electric heater group is kept at minimum power, while the heat exchange medium pump is kept at the lowest safe frequency.

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