A method, device and system for water vapor sandblasting control for railway vehicle renovation

Abstract

The application provides a water vapor sand blasting control method, device and system for railway vehicle renovation, and belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle maintenance. The method is applied to a water vapor sand blasting system, which is used to remove the attached layer of a railway vehicle by spraying a composite jet flow composed of high-pressure gas, abrasive and high-pressure water to the railway vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining process parameters; the process parameters comprise a target distance between a nozzle of the water vapor sand blasting system and a surface to be treated of the railway vehicle, a jet flow divergence angle corresponding to the nozzle at the target distance, a spraying pressure and a nozzle diameter of the nozzle, a volume flow rate of the nozzle, an abrasive mass flow rate and a high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor sand blasting system, and a thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated; processing the process parameters by using a preset model to obtain a maximum transverse movement speed; and controlling the nozzle to move transversely to spray and treat the surface to be treated by taking the maximum transverse movement speed as a constraint. The application can improve the rust removal effect of the railway vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of railway vehicle maintenance technology, and more specifically, it relates to a method, device, and system for controlling water vapor sandblasting during railway vehicle refurbishment. Background Technology

[0002] During long-term service, the steel structural components of railway vehicles, such as the exterior wall panels, underframe, and bogies, are continuously exposed to humid, salt spray, dust, and industrial pollution environments. As a result, the surface protective coatings gradually age and fail, accompanied by varying degrees of corrosion. At the same time, the putty layer formed during vehicle manufacturing and multiple maintenance processes thickens due to repeated coating, severely reducing the adhesion and overall corrosion resistance of subsequent coating systems.

[0003] In railway vehicle overhaul and refurbishment, to restore the cleanliness and appropriate surface roughness of the steel structure substrate and ensure the quality of subsequent recoating, it is necessary to thoroughly remove the old protective coating, thickened putty layer, and substrate rust layer. However, railway vehicles have structural characteristics such as large overall dimensions, thin steel plate walls, dense welds, and numerous curved and irregular areas, which place stringent requirements on the cleaning efficiency of surface treatment processes, substrate damage control, structural deformation management, and environmental and safety performance.

[0004] Traditional dry sandblasting rust removal technology, due to the direct impact of high-speed abrasives on the surface of the vehicle substrate, is prone to micro-cracks and residual stress concentration in thin plate structures, and may even lead to local warping or overall deformation of components, affecting the dimensional accuracy and structural reliability of the car body, making it difficult to meet the low-damage requirements of railway vehicle refurbishment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a water vapor sandblasting control method, device, and system for railway vehicle refurbishment, so as to improve the rust removal effect of railway vehicles and meet the requirements of low damage in railway vehicle refurbishment.

[0006] In a first aspect of this application, a water vapor blasting control method for railway vehicle renovation is provided, which is applied to a water vapor blasting system. The water vapor blasting system is used to remove the adhesion layer of the railway vehicle by spraying a composite jet stream consisting of high-pressure gas, abrasive and high-pressure water onto the railway vehicle. The method includes: Obtain process parameters; process parameters include the target distance between the nozzle of the water vapor blasting system and the surface to be treated on the railway vehicle, the jet divergence angle of the nozzle at the target distance, the spray pressure of the nozzle, the nozzle diameter of the nozzle, the volumetric flow rate of the nozzle spray, the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, the high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, and the thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated. The process parameters are processed using a preset model to obtain the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle during the spraying process; The nozzle is controlled to move laterally to spray the surface to be treated, with the maximum lateral speed as a constraint. The processing steps for the preset model include: The equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated is determined by using the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter; the equivalent removal stress generated by the composite jet stream under the spray pressure of the nozzle is determined by using the abrasive mass flow rate and high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water-air blasting system; and the maximum lateral velocity is determined by using the equivalent removal stress, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed.

[0007] In a second aspect of this application, a water vapor blasting control device for railway vehicle renovation is provided. It is applied to a water vapor blasting system, which is used to remove the adhesion layer of railway vehicles by spraying a composite jet stream consisting of high-pressure gas, abrasive and high-pressure water onto the railway vehicles. The device includes: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire process parameters, including the target distance between the nozzle of the water vapor blasting system and the surface to be treated on the railway vehicle, the jet divergence angle of the nozzle at the target distance, the spray pressure of the nozzle, the nozzle diameter of the nozzle, the volumetric flow rate of the nozzle spray, the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, the high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, and the thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated. The data processing module is used to process the process parameters using a preset model to obtain the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle during the spraying process. The control module is used to control the lateral movement of the nozzle to spray the surface to be treated, with the maximum lateral speed as a constraint. The processing steps for the preset model include: The equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated is determined by using the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter; the equivalent removal stress generated by the composite jet stream under the spray pressure of the nozzle is determined by using the abrasive mass flow rate and high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water-air blasting system; and the maximum lateral velocity is determined by using the equivalent removal stress, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed.

[0008] A third aspect of this application provides a water vapor blasting system that applies the water vapor blasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment as described above, characterized in that the water vapor blasting system comprises: A high-pressure water supply unit that supplies high-pressure water via a water pump; An abrasive supply unit used for supplying abrasive materials; A gas supply unit for supplying high-pressure gas; A mixing jetting unit used to mix high-pressure water, abrasive, and high-pressure gas into a composite jet and then spray it. The water vapor blasting system removes the coating on railway vehicles by spraying a composite jet onto them.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the water vapor sandblasting control method, device, and system for railway vehicle refurbishment provided in this application are as follows: This embodiment constructs a preset model using process parameters such as target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter. The equivalent effective diameter and equivalent removal stress of the composite jet are calculated, thereby determining the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle and using this as a constraint for automated jet control. This embodiment ensures that the removal stress of the high-pressure water-air abrasive composite jet matches the peel strength of the treated layer, avoiding incomplete removal or missed areas due to excessive speed, or excessive erosion of the substrate and damage to the railway vehicle steel structure due to excessively slow speed, thus meeting the low-damage requirements of railway vehicle refurbishment. Furthermore, this embodiment achieves a match between jet processing speed and removal capacity, improving the uniformity and stability of water-air blasting operations, while optimizing automated operation efficiency and reducing manual adjustment errors. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water vapor blasting system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a water vapor blasting system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stirring unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slag recovery unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the placement of a filter screen according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic flowchart of a water vapor sandblasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A structural block diagram of a water vapor sandblasting control device for railway vehicle refurbishment provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0012] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0014] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water vapor blasting system 1 provided in an embodiment of this application. The system includes: The high-pressure water supply unit 11 supplies high-pressure water via a water pump; the abrasive supply unit 12 supplies abrasive; the gas supply unit 13 supplies high-pressure gas; and the mixing jet unit 14 mixes the high-pressure water, abrasive, and high-pressure gas into a composite jet for spraying. In this embodiment, the mixing jet unit 14 includes a nozzle, which can be a handheld nozzle.

[0015] Please refer to Figures 2-5 The water-air blasting system 1 also includes a slag recovery unit 15 for recycling abrasive and high-pressure water; a mixing unit 16 for mixing abrasive and high-pressure water to generate a sand mixture; and a circulation conveying unit 17 for conveying the recovered abrasive and high-pressure water to the mixing unit 16.

[0016] In this embodiment, the high-pressure water supply unit 11 may include a water tank and a water pump, the water pump being used to draw water from the water tank into the mixing unit 16. The abrasive supply unit 12 may be a sand tank, used to supply abrasive to the mixing unit 16. The mixing unit 16 includes an abrasive inlet 161, a water inlet 162, a sand mixture outlet 163, and a stirrer 164. The gas supply unit 13 may include an air compressor and a pressure tank, used to compress gas and mix it with the abrasive and high-pressure water. The mixing spray unit 14 may include a nozzle. The slag recovery unit 15 includes a tracked conveyor 152 and a filter screen 151; the filter screen 151 is used to filter the sand mixture composed of abrasive and high-pressure water; the tracked conveyor 152 is used to transport the filtered abrasive to the abrasive supply unit 12. In this embodiment, the tracked conveyor 152 may also be replaced by a screw conveyor mechanism, which can still achieve the function of transporting recovered abrasive, and the core separation principle remains unchanged.

[0017] From the above, it can be concluded that the water vapor blasting system 1 provided in this embodiment, through optimized structural design, can achieve the recycling and circulation of abrasive and water resources, preventing abrasive agglomeration and achieving environmentally friendly operation. The abrasive in this embodiment can include various types of materials; as long as they can achieve the effects of this embodiment, they are all within the protection scope of this embodiment. The stirrer of the stirring unit 16 in this embodiment can be pneumatic or electric, both of which can achieve the purpose of preventing abrasive agglomeration.

[0018] To achieve efficient separation of abrasive and water, the water-air blasting system 1 is equipped with a slag recovery unit 15, which includes an inclined platform, a tracked conveyor 152, and a filter screen 151. The platform is inclined at a certain angle to facilitate automatic collection of the used abrasive mixture; the filter screen 151 is used to separate the abrasive and water in the abrasive mixture, and the tracked conveyor 152 is used to transport the recovered abrasive, thus achieving preliminary separation of abrasive and water.

[0019] To address the abrasive agglomeration problem, this embodiment includes a stirring unit 16. This unit continuously stirs the abrasive to maintain its loose state, ensuring uniform mixing with water and preventing supply failures caused by agglomeration. To achieve resource recycling, this embodiment also includes a circulating conveying unit 17, which transports the separated abrasive and water to the stirring unit 16.

[0020] In this embodiment, the workflow of the entire system is as follows: Preparation phase: Before the system is preheated, the vehicle or component to be attached can be moved to the designated position on the workbench by the traction device 2. The control console 3 starts the system preheating and checks the smoothness of the circulating conveying unit 17 and the operating status of the mixing unit 16.

[0021] Adhesion layer removal stage: The air compressor in the gas supply unit 13 starts to generate high-pressure gas. The stirring unit 16 mixes the abrasive and high-pressure water and then mixes them with the high-pressure gas through the pipeline. The mixing and spraying unit 14 mixes the high-pressure water, abrasive, and high-pressure gas into a composite jet and sprays it onto the surface of the vehicle or component to be removed, thereby removing the adhesion layer.

[0022] Sand mixture recycling stage: After use, the sand mixture drips onto an inclined platform under gravity, flows along the platform's slope into a sand mixture collection trough, and is filtered by filter screen 151 to separate the abrasive and water. Tracked conveyor 152 transports the recycled abrasive to a sand recycling bin or sand tank. The separated water is connected to a water tank via the pipeline of circulation conveying unit 17 or directly to mixing unit 16. This cycle replenishes resource consumption, reduces costs, and minimizes environmental pollution.

[0023] End of operation phase: Shut down the system, clean the filter 151 and the tracked conveyor 152 of any residual abrasive material to ensure that the system can be used normally for the next operation.

[0024] This embodiment utilizes water vapor blasting, which effectively reduces the risk of surface damage and structural deformation of the vehicle body while ensuring efficient removal of the adhering layer. Furthermore, the water adsorption significantly reduces dust content throughout the process, improving the working environment. In addition, the water vapor blasting system 1 in this embodiment is equipped with a slag recovery unit 15 and a circulating conveying unit 17, enabling the recycling of the used sand mixture, improving resource utilization, and reducing operating costs.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling water vapor sandblasting in railway vehicle refurbishment according to an embodiment of this application. The method may include: S101: Obtain process parameters; process parameters include the target distance between the nozzle of the water vapor blasting system and the surface to be treated on the railway vehicle, the jet divergence angle of the nozzle at the target distance, the spray pressure of the nozzle, the nozzle diameter of the nozzle, the volumetric flow rate of the nozzle spray, the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, the high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, and the thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated.

[0026] In this embodiment, the target distance, jet divergence angle, jet pressure, nozzle diameter, volumetric flow rate, abrasive mass flow rate, and thickness to be removed can all be obtained by measurement during the preset model training phase.

[0027] S102: Process the process parameters using a preset model to obtain the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle during the spraying process. The processing steps of the preset model include: determining the equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated using the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter; determining the equivalent removal stress generated by the composite jet stream under the spraying pressure of the nozzle using the abrasive mass flow rate and high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water-air blasting system; and determining the maximum lateral velocity using the equivalent removal stress, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed.

[0028] In this embodiment, before processing the process parameters using a preset model, it is necessary to determine the conditions that the equivalent removal force generated by the composite jet flow on a unit effective area A must meet. The surface coating system of the railway vehicle steel structure consists of, from the inside out: a base steel plate, a primer layer, a putty layer, a mid-coat layer, and a topcoat layer. The putty layer is mainly used for leveling and filling defects, and its thickness is 2–3 mm. The mid-coat layer serves as a transition layer, enhancing protection and interlayer adhesion. The topcoat layer is on the outermost layer and provides protective functions such as appearance, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0029] In this embodiment, the adhesion strength between each coating and the substrate (or adjacent coatings) can be measured using the pull-out method, and denoted as: .in: These correspond to the adhesion strengths of the putty layer, primer layer, intermediate layer, and topcoat layer, respectively. During sandblasting, the equivalent removal stress generated by the jet stream on a unit area A is... Must meet As a necessary condition for the coating to peel or break.

[0030] In one embodiment, the equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated is determined using the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter, including: Based on the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter, the equivalent diameter of the composite jet acting on the surface to be treated is calculated using the first formula. The first formula is: ; in, Indicates the equivalent diameter. Indicates the target distance. Indicates the nozzle diameter. This indicates the jet divergence angle.

[0031] In this embodiment, the pressure of the high-pressure water output by the water pump is The flow rate of the nozzle is... Using Bernoulli's approximation: ,in, For traffic, This is the density of water.

[0032] Based on the above flow rate, the pressure at the nozzle outlet (i.e., the injection pressure of the nozzle head) can be obtained as follows: Based on this pressure, its equivalent attenuation pressure on the surface to be treated can be calculated.

[0033] In one embodiment, the equivalent stress removal generated by the composite jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle is determined using the abrasive mass flow rate and high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, including: Based on the conservation of momentum flux, the equivalent attenuation pressure of the nozzle on the surface to be treated is obtained; The normal and tangential components of the equivalent attenuation pressure are calculated based on the spray angle corresponding to the nozzle at the target distance. The first equivalent stress removal is calculated based on the normal component, the tangential component, and their respective weighting coefficients. The equivalent stress removed by the composite jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle is obtained by correcting the first equivalent stress removal using the mass flow rate of abrasive and the mass flow rate of high-pressure water.

[0034] In this embodiment, the formula for the equivalent attenuation pressure of the nozzle on the surface to be treated, obtained based on the conservation of momentum flux, is as follows: .

[0035] When the nozzle's corresponding spray angle at the target distance is At that time, the equivalent attenuated pressure is decomposed into normal and tangential components, where the normal component... tangential component .

[0036] Considering that the shear component is dominant, the first equivalent stress relief is: ; in, The weighting coefficients are for the tangential components, while the weighting coefficients for the normal components are set to 1 by default.

[0037] In one embodiment, the second formula used when correcting the first equivalent stress removal using the abrasive mass flow rate and the high-pressure water mass flow rate is: ; in, This represents the equivalent stress relief generated by the combined jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle. This indicates the first equivalent stress relief. Indicates the abrasive increment coefficient. This indicates the mass flow rate of the abrasive. This indicates the mass flow rate of high-pressure water.

[0038] The equivalent removal stress calculated using the above formula should meet the following removal conditions: ; in, For safety, the setting can be manually adjusted.

[0039] Solving the above formula yields the minimum pressure required by the water pump:

[0040] in, , To make the speed coefficient The calibration coefficients are combined after unit conversion, etc.

[0041] In one embodiment, determining the maximum lateral velocity using equivalent stress removal, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed includes: The pressure of the water pump that generates high-pressure water is determined based on the equivalent stress removal. Based on the pump pressure, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed, the maximum transverse velocity is calculated using the third formula. The third formula is: ; in, Indicates the maximum lateral speed. Indicates energy coupling efficiency. Indicates the water pump pressure. Indicates volumetric flow rate, This represents the equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated. Represents the energy per unit area. This represents the incremental coefficient of the energy demand per unit area of ​​the attached layer. This indicates the thickness of the attached layer to be removed.

[0042] In this embodiment, in addition to considering the water pump pressure, the energy input per unit area also needs to be considered. Let the nozzle hydraulic power be... The effective width w of the jet on the surface to be treated is approximately... If the lateral velocity is set to u, then the energy input per unit area is: , , As a reference energy coupling efficiency, This is the injection angle correction function. In this embodiment, It can be a coefficient or a function related to the injection angle.

[0043] If we take a reference working condition , redefining ,but:

[0044] Define it as a normalized angle function:

[0045] in For reference spray angle.

[0046]

[0047] The above formula is not a universally applicable fixed formula because It is not a purely fluid parameter, but a weighted coefficient of the relative contribution of "normal impact damage" and "tangential shear peeling", which is affected by multiple factors such as the brittleness and toughness of the putty layer, the interlayer adhesion state, the corrosion morphology, the definition of the spraying angle, and the shape and particle size of the abrasive.

[0048] Energy required per unit area for putty removal:

[0049] Where tp is the thickness of the putty layer. As the incremental coefficient of energy demand per unit area due to the thickness of the putty layer, it must satisfy: .

[0050] Then the lateral velocity: .

[0051] From the above, it can be concluded that, based on the constructed prediction model and the obtained process parameters, the maximum lateral velocity that can effectively remove the adhesive layer (mainly the putty layer) can be calculated.

[0052] S103: Control the lateral movement of the nozzle to spray the surface to be treated, with the maximum lateral speed as a constraint.

[0053] In this embodiment, the maximum lateral velocity is used as a motion constraint to control the lateral movement of the nozzle. This avoids uneven spray coverage, missed areas, or insufficient treatment intensity caused by excessive nozzle movement speed, while preventing over-spraying and damage to the substrate due to excessively slow speed, thus ensuring the uniformity and stability of the spray treatment on the surface to be treated. Furthermore, by limiting the upper limit of the lateral velocity, this embodiment allows the jet flow parameters to match the motion parameters, ensuring that the spray impact force and shear force consistently meet the stress conditions required for coating peeling, thereby improving the predictability of the treatment effect and the accuracy of engineering calculations.

[0054] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment constructs a preset model using process parameters such as target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter. The equivalent effective diameter and equivalent removal stress of the composite jet are calculated, thereby determining the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle and using this as a constraint for automated jet control. This embodiment ensures that the removal stress of the high-pressure water-air abrasive composite jet matches the peel strength of the treated layer, avoiding incomplete removal or missed treatment due to excessive speed, or excessive erosion of the substrate and damage to the railway vehicle steel structure due to excessively slow speed, thus meeting the low-damage requirements of railway vehicle refurbishment. Furthermore, this embodiment achieves a match between jet processing speed and removal capacity, improving the uniformity and stability of water-air blasting operations, while optimizing automated operation efficiency and reducing manual adjustment errors.

[0055] Corresponding to the water vapor sandblasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment in the above embodiment, Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of a water-vapor sandblasting control device for railway vehicle refurbishment according to an embodiment of this application. For ease of explanation, only the parts relevant to the embodiment of this application are shown. References Figure 7The water vapor blasting control device 70 for railway vehicle refurbishment is applied to the water vapor blasting system, which is used to remove the adhesion layer of railway vehicles by spraying a composite jet stream consisting of high-pressure gas, abrasive and high-pressure water onto the railway vehicles. The water vapor blasting control device 70 for railway vehicle refurbishment includes: a parameter acquisition module 71, a data processing module 72 and a control module 73.

[0056] Among them, the parameter acquisition module 71 is used to acquire process parameters; the process parameters include the target distance between the nozzle of the water vapor blasting system and the surface to be treated of the railway vehicle, the jet divergence angle of the nozzle at the target distance, the spray pressure of the nozzle, the nozzle diameter of the nozzle, the volumetric flow rate of the nozzle spray, the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, the high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, and the thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated. Data processing module 72 is used to process process parameters using a preset model to obtain the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle during the spraying process; Control module 73 is used to control the lateral movement of the nozzle to spray the surface to be treated, with the maximum lateral speed as a constraint. The processing steps for the preset model include: The equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated is determined by using the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter; the equivalent removal stress generated by the composite jet stream under the spray pressure of the nozzle is determined by using the abrasive mass flow rate and high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water-air blasting system; and the maximum lateral velocity is determined by using the equivalent removal stress, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed.

[0057] In one embodiment of this application, the equivalent diameter of the composite jet acting on the surface to be treated is determined using the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter, including: Based on the target distance, jet divergence angle, and nozzle diameter, the equivalent diameter of the composite jet acting on the surface to be treated is calculated using the first formula. The first formula is: ; in, Indicates the equivalent diameter. Indicates the target distance. Indicates the nozzle diameter. This indicates the jet divergence angle.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, the equivalent stress removal generated by the composite jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle is determined using the abrasive mass flow rate and high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water jet blasting system, including: Based on the conservation of momentum flux, the equivalent attenuation pressure of the nozzle on the surface to be treated is obtained; The normal and tangential components of the equivalent attenuation pressure are calculated based on the spray angle corresponding to the nozzle at the target distance. The first equivalent stress removal is calculated based on the normal component, the tangential component, and their respective weighting coefficients. The equivalent stress removed by the composite jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle is obtained by correcting the first equivalent stress removal using the mass flow rate of abrasive and the mass flow rate of high-pressure water.

[0059] In one embodiment of this application, when correcting the first equivalent stress removal using the abrasive mass flow rate and the high-pressure water mass flow rate, the second formula used is: ; in, This represents the equivalent stress relief generated by the combined jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle. This indicates the first equivalent stress relief. Indicates the abrasive increment coefficient. This indicates the mass flow rate of the abrasive. This indicates the mass flow rate of high-pressure water.

[0060] In one embodiment of this application, the maximum lateral velocity is determined using equivalent stress removal, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed, including: The pressure of the water pump that generates high-pressure water is determined based on the equivalent stress removal. Based on the pump pressure, volumetric flow rate, equivalent diameter, and thickness to be removed, the maximum transverse velocity is calculated using the third formula. The third formula is: ; in, Indicates the maximum lateral speed. Indicates energy coupling efficiency. Indicates the water pump pressure. Indicates volumetric flow rate, This represents the equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated. Represents the energy per unit area. This represents the incremental coefficient of the energy demand per unit area of ​​the attached layer. This indicates the thickness of the attached layer to be removed.

[0061] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling water vapor sandblasting during railway vehicle refurbishment, characterized in that, It is applied to a water vapor blasting system, which is used to remove the adhesion layer of the railway vehicle by spraying a composite jet stream consisting of high-pressure gas, abrasive and high-pressure water onto the railway vehicle. The method includes: Obtain process parameters; the process parameters include the target distance between the nozzle of the water vapor blasting system and the surface to be treated of the railway vehicle, the jet divergence angle of the nozzle at the target distance, the spray pressure of the nozzle, the nozzle diameter of the nozzle, the volumetric flow rate of the nozzle spray, the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, the high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, and the thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated; The process parameters are processed using a preset model to obtain the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle during the spraying process; The nozzle is controlled to move laterally to spray the surface to be treated, with the maximum lateral speed as a constraint. The processing steps of the preset model include: The equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated is determined using the target distance, the jet divergence angle, and the nozzle diameter; the equivalent removal stress generated by the composite jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle is determined using the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system and the high-pressure water mass flow rate; and the maximum lateral velocity is determined using the equivalent removal stress, the volumetric flow rate, the equivalent diameter, and the thickness to be removed.

2. The water vapor sandblasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the equivalent diameter of the composite jet acting on the surface to be treated using the target distance, the jet divergence angle, and the nozzle diameter includes: Based on the target distance, the jet divergence angle, and the nozzle diameter, the equivalent diameter of the composite jet acting on the surface to be treated is calculated using the first formula; The first formula is: ； in, Indicates the equivalent diameter. Indicates the target distance. Indicates the nozzle diameter. This indicates the jet divergence angle.

3. The water vapor sandblasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the equivalent stress removal generated by the composite jet flow under the jet pressure of the nozzle using the abrasive mass flow rate of the water-air blasting system and the high-pressure water mass flow rate includes: Based on the conservation of momentum flux, the equivalent attenuation pressure of the nozzle on the surface to be treated is obtained. The normal and tangential components of the equivalent attenuation pressure are calculated based on the spray angle corresponding to the nozzle at the target distance. The first equivalent stress removal is calculated based on the normal component, the tangential component, and their respective weighting coefficients. The first equivalent stress removal is obtained by correcting the abrasive mass flow rate and the high-pressure water mass flow rate with the composite jet flow under the jet pressure of the nozzle.

4. The water vapor sandblasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When correcting the first equivalent stress removal using the abrasive mass flow rate and the high-pressure water mass flow rate, the second formula used is: ； in, This represents the equivalent stress relief generated by the composite jet flow under the jet pressure of the nozzle. This indicates the first equivalent stress relief. Indicates the abrasive increment coefficient. This indicates the mass flow rate of the abrasive. This indicates the mass flow rate of high-pressure water.

5. The water vapor sandblasting control method for railway vehicle refurbishment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the maximum lateral velocity using the equivalent stress removal, the volumetric flow rate, the equivalent diameter, and the thickness to be removed includes: The pressure of the water pump that generates the high-pressure water is determined based on the equivalent stress removal. Based on the pump pressure, the volumetric flow rate, the equivalent diameter, and the thickness to be removed, the maximum transverse velocity is calculated using the third formula. The third formula is: ； in, Indicates the maximum lateral speed. Indicates energy coupling efficiency. Indicates the water pump pressure. Indicates volumetric flow rate, This represents the equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated. Represents the energy per unit area. This represents the incremental coefficient of the energy demand per unit area of ​​the attached layer. This indicates the thickness of the attached layer to be removed.

6. A water vapor sandblasting control device for railway vehicle refurbishment, characterized in that, It is applied to a water vapor blasting system, which is used to remove the adhesion layer of the railway vehicle by spraying a composite jet stream consisting of high-pressure gas, abrasive and high-pressure water onto the railway vehicle. The device includes: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire process parameters, including the target distance between the nozzle of the water vapor blasting system and the surface to be treated of the railway vehicle, the jet divergence angle of the nozzle at the target distance, the spray pressure of the nozzle, the nozzle diameter of the nozzle, the volumetric flow rate of the nozzle spray, the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, the high-pressure water mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system, and the thickness to be removed corresponding to the surface to be treated. The data processing module is used to process the process parameters using a preset model to obtain the maximum lateral velocity of the nozzle during the spraying process; The control module is used to control the nozzle to move laterally to spray the surface to be treated, with the maximum lateral speed as a constraint. The processing steps of the preset model include: The equivalent diameter of the composite jet stream acting on the surface to be treated is determined using the target distance, the jet divergence angle, and the nozzle diameter; the equivalent removal stress generated by the composite jet stream under the jet pressure of the nozzle is determined using the abrasive mass flow rate of the water vapor blasting system and the high-pressure water mass flow rate; and the maximum lateral velocity is determined using the equivalent removal stress, the volumetric flow rate, the equivalent diameter, and the thickness to be removed.

7. A water vapor blasting system using the method described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The water vapor blasting system includes: A high-pressure water supply unit that supplies high-pressure water via a water pump; An abrasive supply unit used for supplying abrasive materials; A gas supply unit for supplying high-pressure gas; A mixing jetting unit for mixing the high-pressure water, the abrasive, and the high-pressure gas into a composite jet and then spraying it. The water vapor blasting system removes the adhesion layer from the railway vehicle by spraying the composite jet onto the railway vehicle.

8. The water vapor blasting system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Slag recovery unit; The slag recovery unit is used to recover and reuse the abrasive and the high-pressure water.

9. The water vapor blasting system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Stirring unit; The stirring unit is used to mix the abrasive and the high-pressure water to generate a sand mixture.

10. The water vapor blasting system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Circulating conveyor unit; The circulating conveying unit is used to transport the recovered abrasive and the high-pressure water to the stirring unit.

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