Durable photothermal super-hydrophobic ft-cnt@epp coating and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a durable photothermal super-hydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and comprises a continuous matrix and hybrid particles, wherein the hybrid particles are embedded in the continuous matrix, the continuous matrix is a double-network hydrophobic resin, and the hybrid particles are fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles. Through the above scheme, the mechanical durability, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the coating can be effectively improved, and the stability in different environments can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of materials preparation technology, and more specifically, to a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Icing is a prevalent problem across many engineering fields. Icing on critical infrastructure such as aircraft wings, wind turbine blades, power transmission lines, and offshore platforms can lead to serious safety hazards, operational disruptions, and significant economic losses. For example, icing on aircraft surfaces can increase aerodynamic drag by more than 40%, disrupt lift generation, and trigger catastrophic accidents. Similarly, ice-induced structural fatigue in wind turbines can reduce energy output by 20-80% and accelerate component degradation. Therefore, developing anti-icing technologies to overcome these limitations is imperative. Traditional anti-icing strategies primarily rely on active methods, including electrothermal heating, mechanical vibration, and chemical de-icing fluids. However, these methods suffer from high energy consumption, operational complexity, and environmental pollution, limiting their sustainability and scalability.

[0003] In response, passive anti-icing technologies utilizing surface engineering have emerged as a sustainable alternative. Lotus-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces, employing hierarchical micro / nano structures and low surface energy to maintain the Cassie-Baxter state, not only suppress the initial freezing of supercooled water droplets but also promote the shedding of accumulated ice layers under mild external forces, thus significantly enhancing passive anti-icing capabilities. However, the deployment of superhydrophobic coatings in real-world environments faces two key bottlenecks. First, relying solely on surface roughness to reduce ice adhesion is often insufficient under severe icing conditions, while purely passive strategies may fail to prevent icing during prolonged cold spells due to limited ambient thermal energy. Second, the fine micro / nano structures that contribute most significantly to the material's superhydrophobicity are highly susceptible to damage from mechanical wear, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical erosion, leading to a loss of superhydrophobicity.

[0004] Meanwhile, inspired by applications in the environmental energy sector, the integration of photothermal properties into superhydrophobic materials has attracted considerable interest. By converting solar radiation into localized heat, photothermal superhydrophobic coatings can both suppress ice nucleation and achieve on-demand de-icing without external energy input. Currently, various photothermal materials, such as photothermal semiconductors, carbon-based materials, plasma-processed metals, and MXenes, have been integrated into or applied to conventional hydrophobic matrices to create photothermal-hydrophobic hybrid coatings for anti-icing, seawater desalination, and thermal management. Furthermore, to protect the delicate and fragile micro / nano structures within SHS (superhydrophobic materials), current binder strategies for improving coating stability primarily rely on polymer matrices such as epoxy resins, polyurethanes, and polysiloxanes.

[0005] Despite these advances, insufficient broadband light absorption and poor photothermal conversion efficiency in some photothermal materials limit overall thermal response, especially under cold environmental conditions and low solar irradiance. Furthermore, the weak interfacial bonding between the photothermal filler and the polymer matrix is ​​exacerbated by the inherent mechanical fragility of the hierarchical micro / nanostructures, making the coating highly susceptible to degradation under mechanical wear, abrasive impact, and repeated thermal cycling. While emerging strategies such as intrinsic self-healing networks and biomimetic structural reinforcement improve resilience, maintaining high performance under long-term operating stress remains a significant challenge. Therefore, the rational design of multifunctional coatings that synergistically integrate robust structural durability with superior photothermal efficiency represents an urgent need.

[0006] In summary, as an effective passive anti-icing strategy, superhydrophobic surfaces face significant limitations in practical applications, such as insufficient mechanical durability, low photothermal conversion efficiency, and environmental instability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention proposes a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, its preparation method and application, to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, its preparation method, and its applications, including: A continuous matrix and hybrid particles, wherein the hybrid particles are embedded in the continuous matrix, the continuous matrix being a dual-network hydrophobic resin, and the hybrid particles being fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles; Optionally, the dual-network hydrophobic resin is EPP resin.

[0009] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, comprising: Preparation of EPP resin solution and fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles; The fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles and EPP resin solution are mixed, and then a corresponding curing agent is added to the mixed solution to obtain a spraying solution; the spraying solution is deposited onto the surface of the substrate to prepare the above-mentioned FT-CNT@EPP coating.

[0010] Optionally, the process for preparing the EPP resin solution includes: Epoxy resin was dissolved in ethyl acetate, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added and stirred, polydimethylsiloxane was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the solution of polydimethylsiloxane was added to the epoxy resin solution after stirring to obtain EPP resin solution.

[0011] Optionally, the process for preparing fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles includes: Titanium dioxide was dispersed in an aqueous solution, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the dispersion. After stirring and centrifugation, modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles were obtained. Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in deionized water and activated with carboxyl groups. The mixture was stirred, and the modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles were mixed with the carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube solution. The mixture was stirred and centrifuged. The stirred mixture was washed and dried to obtain T-CNT composite particles. The T-CNT composite particles were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and ammonia were added to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred, centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles.

[0012] Optionally, fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles and EPP resin solution are mixed in a 1:3 ratio.

[0013] Optionally, the substrate may be a metal substrate or a glass substrate.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides an application of a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, wherein the above-mentioned FT-CNT@EPP coating is used as an anti-icing coating.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Here, a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating was prepared by embedding fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles into an epoxy resin-polysiloxane dual-network matrix using a sol-gel strategy and spraying method. Hybrid filler engineering utilized TiO2 nanoparticles as covalent anchoring points to uniformly disperse CNTs, establishing a hierarchical micro / nano morphology, stabilizing the Cassie-Baxter state, and endowing the coating with a 165° water contact angle and an ice nucleation delay time exceeding 1200 seconds at -10°C. The synergistic integration of CNTs as broadband photothermal conversion materials and TiO2 as light scattering centers forms a highly efficient optical trap, achieving rapid photothermal conversion. Under one day of sunlight, the surface temperature was raised to 67°C within 120 seconds, and the de-icing time was reduced by 80% compared to conditions without sunlight. The rational design of the EPP matrix combines the rigidity of epoxy resin and the elasticity of polysiloxane, constructing a reinforced interpenetrating network that anchors the functional filler to resist environmental degradation. Therefore, this coating maintains a water contact angle of over 150° even after undergoing rigorous mechanical abrasion, tape peeling cycles, sand / water jet impact, and exposure to strong acid / alkali solutions and freeze-thaw cycles, effectively improving mechanical durability, photothermal conversion efficiency, and stability in various environments. This work demonstrates a durable, multifunctional photothermal coating, providing a robust reference for developing next-generation anti-icing surfaces for aerospace, renewable energy, and infrastructure applications. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 SEM images of the F-CNT, FT-CNT, and FT-CNT@EPP composite coatings in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 The FTIR spectra of TiO2, modified TiO2, T-CNT, FT-CNT, and FT-CNT@EPP in the embodiments of the present invention are shown below. Figure 3 This is the XPS full spectrum of the T-CNT particles in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 The WCAs in the embodiments of the present invention are blank copper, F-CNT, FT-CNT and FT-CNT@EPP composite coatings; Figure 5 The blank copper sheet, copper coated with FT-CNT@EPP, blank glass, and glass coated with FT-CNT@EPP are WCAs in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6The freezing delay time of blank copper, F-CNT, FT-CNT and FT-CNT@EPP composite coating at -10℃ and -15℃ in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 The figures show the temperature rise and fall curves of the FT-CNT@EPP coating under different light intensities in the embodiments of the present invention, the comparison with blank copper, and the temperature rise and fall curves of blank copper, F-CNT, FT-CNT and FT-CNT@EPP under 1.0 sunlight. Figure 8 The de-icing performance of the FT-CNT@EPP coated surface and the blank copper surface under simulated sunlight in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 The WCAs change of the FT-CNT@EPP coating in the sandpaper abrasion test in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 10 The WCAs changes of the FT-CNT@EPP coating in different pH solutions in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 11 This refers to the long-term stability in a naturally ventilated laboratory environment as described in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] This embodiment presents a robust photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, its preparation method, and its applications. A robust photothermal superhydrophobic coating is prepared using a sol-gel strategy and fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles embedded in an epoxy-polysiloxane dual-network matrix. This hybrid structure utilizes TiO2 nanoparticles as covalent anchoring sites to uniformly disperse carbon nanotubes (CNTs), forming a stable micro / nano structure. Combined with low surface energy fluorination treatment and a curing agent, the FT-CNT@EPP coating composed of micro / nano structures exhibits strong superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 165° and a sliding angle of 3°. Furthermore, the synergistic integration of CNTs as photothermal conversion materials and TiO2 as light scattering centers forms an optical trap, significantly broadening the utilization of the solar spectrum, enabling the surface energy to rapidly heat to 67°C within 120 seconds under one solar irradiation. The key lies in the fact that the interpenetrating EPP network forms a two-scale covalent bonding system that anchors the functional filler, ensuring the coating's superior durability under mechanical abrasion, chemical exposure, and thermal cycling. The coating retains its superhydrophobic properties after 10 meters of linear abrasion, 100 tape peel cycles, and 20 freeze-thaw cycles, while extending the ice nucleation delay time to over 1200 seconds at -10°C. This work provides a practical reference for developing durable, multifunctional anti-icing coatings through collaborative material design.

[0019] This embodiment proposes a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating using the following materials: Copper sheet, glass slide; γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane APTES, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane FAS, ammonia, ethyl acetate, anhydrous ethanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid; carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT-COOH, titanium dioxide TiO2, N-hydroxysuccinimide NHS, 1-ethyl-carbodiimide EDC, epoxy resin and its curing agent; polydimethylsiloxane PDMS and its curing agent.

[0020] The above-mentioned method was first used to synthesize fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide FT-CNT hybrid particles: First, 1 g of TiO2 was dispersed in a 90% ethanol / deionized water solution. APTES was then added to the dispersion, and the mixture was magnetically stirred at 80°C for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged, and the precipitate was washed sequentially with ethanol and deionized water. The modified TiO2 nanoparticles were then dried. Next, 1 g of MWCNT-COOH was ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water. To activate the carboxyl groups, 1 mL of LEDC and 1 mL of NHS were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Simultaneously, 1 g of modified TiO2 particles were dispersed in deionized water and then mixed with the above MWCNT-COOH solution. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 6 hours. After centrifugation, the precipitate was washed with ethanol and deionized water and dried to obtain T-CNT composite particles. Finally, 1 g of T-CNT composite particles was ultrasonically dispersed in 20 mL of anhydrous ethanol, followed by the addition of FAS and ammonia. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 2 hours. After centrifugation, the precipitate was washed with ethanol and deionized water and dried to obtain FT-CNT hybrid particles.

[0021] Based on the synthesis and preparation of the above-mentioned FT-CNT hybrid particles, the FT-CNT@EPP coating was prepared: First, 5g of epoxy resin was dissolved in ethyl acetate. Then, APTES was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 4 hours. Subsequently, 5g of PDMS was dissolved in ethyl acetate and added to the above mixture. The resulting solution was stirred at 100°C for 4 hours to allow the hydrolyzed APTES silane to undergo a condensation reaction with the PDMS silanol groups. The final product was an EPP resin solution, which formed a dual-network hydrophobic resin. FT-CNT hybrid particles were ultrasonically dispersed in ethyl acetate, and then the FT-CNT hybrid particles were mixed with the EPP resin solution at a ratio of 1:3. Then, epoxy curing agent and PDMS curing agent were added sequentially. Finally, the coating solution was uniformly deposited onto the substrate surface using a spray gun to obtain an FT-CNT@EPP coating.

[0022] The following verifications were performed on the FT-CNT@EPP coating prepared above: The successful synthesis, structural integrity, and integration of FT-CNT hybrid particles into the EPP matrix have been fully verified through a series of spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations.

[0023] Figure 1The SEM images provided direct visual evidence of morphological evolution. In contrast to the smooth, tangled bundles observed in the original F-CNTs, the FT-CNT composite showed TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly anchored on the CNT surface, forming a unique hierarchical structure that effectively prevented CNT aggregation. This engineered micro / nano structure was well preserved in the final FT-CNT@EPP composite coating, with hybrid particles uniformly embedded and firmly anchored within the cross-linked EPP matrix, forming a robust and continuous functional layer.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, FTIR spectroscopy was used to monitor the sequential chemical modifications during the preparation process. The spectrum of pristine TiO2 shows a position between 500 and 800 cm⁻¹. -1 The characteristic peak is attributed to the Ti-O-Ti stretching vibration. After APTES modification, the peak at 1574 cm⁻¹ is... -1 and 2930cm -1 New peaks appeared at [a specific location], which were identified as -NH bending vibration and CH stretching vibration, respectively, confirming that the aminopropyl group was successfully grafted onto the TiO2 surface. Subsequently, conjugation with MWCNT-COOH introduced a peak at 1650 cm⁻¹. -1 The significant peak corresponds to the amide C=O bond, thus verifying that a covalent amide bond is formed between TiO2-NH2 and CNT-COOH to generate the T-CNT hybrid. The final FAS fluorination step is performed at 1229 cm⁻¹. -1 The strong CF stretching vibration peak observed at 1256 cm⁻¹ was confirmed, confirming the successful preparation of the FT-CNT hybrid particles. The final FTIR spectrum of the FT-CNT@EPP coating further revealed the peak at 1256 cm⁻¹. -1 The Si-CH3 peak and the peak located at 800-1100 cm⁻¹ -1 The broad peaks in the region, which can be attributed to the Si-O-Si / C / Ti network formed by the sol-gel reaction, confirm that the hybrid filler is integrated into the EPP matrix.

[0025] Figure 3 The full spectrum of the T-CNT particles clearly shows the presence of C, O, N, Si, and Ti elements. This ultimately confirms the successful preparation of the covalently bonded FT-CNT hybrid filler and its effective integration in the EPP matrix, laying the necessary chemical and structural foundation for the subsequent superhydrophobic, photothermal, and durability properties of the resulting coating.

[0026] Figure 4The comparison of water contact angles between a blank copper substrate and different coatings is shown. The blank copper substrate is hydrophilic (WCA < 90°), while the F-CNT, FT-CNT, and FT-CNT@EPP coatings exhibit superhydrophobicity. Specifically, the FT-CNT@EPP coating exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity, with a WCA of 165° and a slip angle of only 3°.

[0027] Figure 5 As shown, this multifunctional superhydrophobicity is not limited to copper substrates. The FT-CNT@EPP coating can be successfully applied to glass slides, transforming their inherent hydrophilic surface into a superhydrophobic surface.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, blank copper exhibited negligible freezing delay (<30 s) at both test temperatures. While the F-CNT and FT-CNT coatings showed improvement over blank copper, their performance was limited, likely due to insufficient surface roughness or weak filler-matrix adhesion leading to compromised Cassie state stability. Notably, the FT-CNT@EPP coating demonstrated superior anti-icing performance, extending the freezing delay time to over 1200 seconds at -10°C and maintaining a significant delay of approximately 500 seconds even at -15°C. This superior performance is attributed to the stable cavitation trapped in its hierarchical micro / nanostructure, which greatly reduces the solid-liquid interface available for heterogeneous ice nucleation.

[0029] Figure 7 The temperature change curves visually confirm its rapid heat generation capability. Under irradiance of 0.3 solar radiance, 0.6 solar radiance, and 1.0 solar radiance, the coating surface temperature rapidly reached equilibrium temperatures of 42.7°C, 50.2°C, and 67°C, respectively, within 120 seconds. In stark contrast, the bare copper substrate only reached a plateau temperature of approximately 27.2°C under 1.0 solar radiance, highlighting the superior solar energy collection efficiency of the composite coating. Comparative temperature curves of different samples under one solar irradiance are also shown. The peak temperature of the FT-CNT@EPP coating is almost identical to that of the FT-CNT coating, indicating that the introduction of modified EPP did not impair photothermal performance. Furthermore, the inferior photothermal performance of F-CNT compared to FT-CNT and FT-CNT@EPP may be attributed to the lack of titanium dioxide to assist in capturing sunlight. Simultaneously, the aggregation and dense packing of individual CNTs increased light reflection and simultaneously formed a highly efficient heat conduction network, accelerating heat dissipation and leading to reduced heating performance.

[0030] This active de-icing capability is Figure 8The figure provides a quantitative demonstration comparing the melting kinetics of standard ice on the FT-CNT@EPP surface with that on a bare copper substrate. Under the same conditions, ice on the bare copper substrate melted slowly and remained adhered for over 220 seconds. In contrast, ice on the FT-CNT@EPP coating slid off completely in 35 seconds and melted completely within 65 seconds. This means that the de-icing efficiency is improved by more than 80% compared to bare copper, validating the coating's ability to rapidly remove snow and ice under solar irradiation.

[0031] like Figure 9 As shown, even after being dropped 500 grams of fine sand from a height of 50 cm 10 times, the coating still maintains a WCA of over 150°. Its superhydrophobicity remains stable after linear abrasion on sandpaper for 10 meters under a 100g load. Furthermore, the coating exhibits strong resistance to hydrodynamics, maintaining its superhydrophobicity even after being subjected to continuous water jet impacts of varying intensities for 10 minutes. In addition to mechanical stress, the coating also demonstrates excellent chemical stability.

[0032] like Figure 10 As shown, after immersion in strongly acidic (pH 1), neutral (pH 7), and strongly alkaline (pH 13) aqueous solutions for 24 hours, the WCA still maintained a temperature above 150°, indicating its excellent corrosion resistance. To evaluate its long-term performance under natural conditions, the wetting stability of the coating was monitored for 100 days in a naturally ventilated laboratory environment.

[0033] like Figure 11 As shown, the WCA of the coating fluctuates very little over time, maintaining its superhydrophobic properties without degradation. This comprehensive resistance to mechanical wear, chemical erosion, and environmental aging is attributed to the EPP matrix-reinforced interpenetrating network, which effectively anchors the functional filler and prevents exposure of the underlying hydrophilic substrate.

[0034] A durable, photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating was prepared by encapsulating fluorinated CNT-TiO2 hybrid particles with a dual-network epoxy-polysiloxane matrix using a sol-gel strategy. The rational design of the hybrid filler utilizes TiO2 nanoparticles as covalent anchoring sites to uniformly disperse CNTs and reduce agglomeration, thus constructing a hierarchical micro / nano structure. Combined with fluorination and low surface energy modification, this structure achieves a stable Cassie-Baxter state, endowing it with strong superhydrophobicity, effectively minimizing solid-liquid contact, and delaying ice nucleation by an astonishing 1200 seconds at -10°C. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of CNTs and TiO2 enables rapid photothermal conversion, raising the surface temperature to 67°C within 120 seconds under one solar irradiation. This reduces ice adhesion and shortens de-icing time by 80% compared to passive conditions. Crucially, the rational design of the EPP matrix combines the rigidity of epoxy resin with the elasticity of polysiloxane, constructing a reinforced interpenetrating network that anchors the functional filler to resist environmental degradation. The FT-CNT@EPP coating exhibits excellent mechanical and chemical durability, maintaining its performance after 10 meters of abrasion, 100 tape peel cycles, and exposure to sand / water jets, freeze-thaw cycles, and strong acid / alkali solutions. These results demonstrate that the coating overcomes the inherent fragility of conventional superhydrophobic surfaces while enhancing photothermal properties, providing a reliable solution for anti-icing and de-icing applications in harsh engineering environments.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, characterized in that, include: A continuous matrix and hybrid particles, wherein the hybrid particles are embedded in the continuous matrix, the continuous matrix being a dual-network hydrophobic resin, and the hybrid particles being fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles.

2. The coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-network hydrophobic resin is EPP resin.

3. A method for preparing a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, characterized in that, include: Preparation of EPP resin solution and fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles; The fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles and EPP resin solution are mixed, and then the corresponding curing agent is added to the mixed solution to obtain a spraying solution. The FT-CNT@EPP coating of any one of claims 1-2 is prepared by depositing the spraying solution onto the surface of the substrate.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of preparing EPP resin solution includes: Epoxy resin was dissolved in ethyl acetate, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added and stirred, polydimethylsiloxane was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the solution of polydimethylsiloxane was added to the epoxy resin solution after stirring to obtain EPP resin solution.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process for preparing fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles includes: Titanium dioxide was dispersed in an aqueous solution, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the dispersion. After stirring and centrifugation, modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles were obtained. Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in deionized water and activated with carboxyl groups. The mixture was stirred, and the modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles were mixed with the carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube solution. The mixture was stirred and centrifuged. The stirred mixture was washed and dried to obtain T-CNT composite particles. The T-CNT composite particles were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and ammonia were added to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred, centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Fluorinated carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide hybrid particles and EPP resin solution were mixed in a 1:3 ratio.

7. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The substrate can be a metal substrate or a glass substrate.

8. An application of a durable photothermal superhydrophobic FT-CNT@EPP coating, characterized in that, The FT-CNT@EPP coating described in any one of claims 1-2 can be used as a photothermal coating, a superhydrophobic coating, or an anti-icing coating.

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