Self-adaptive intelligent early warning device and method suitable for high-stress anchor rod

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of rock-soil safety early warning, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive intelligent early warning device and method suitable for high-stress anchor rods, which comprises an anchor rod body, a pressure monitoring unit, a control module and an alarm unit, the pressure monitoring unit is used for collecting pressure data borne by the anchor rod body; the control module comprises a threshold adjusting unit, the threshold adjusting unit is used for setting multiple grades of alarm thresholds; the control module is used for receiving the pressure data and comparing the pressure data with the multiple grades of alarm thresholds; the alarm unit has multiple alarm levels, the multiple alarm levels correspond to the multiple grades of alarm thresholds respectively, the control module triggers the alarm unit to perform alarm of the corresponding level according to the comparison result, on-site personnel can adjust the alarm thresholds, the multiple grades of alarm thresholds correspond to the multiple levels of alarm, different degrees of surrounding rock stress can be accurately reflected, a scientific basis for taking graded emergency responses on site is provided, the deficiency of passive support is made up, and the overall safety of the project is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geotechnical safety early warning technology, and in particular to an adaptive intelligent early warning device and method applicable to high-stress anchor bolts. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of geotechnical engineering, including mining, tunnel excavation, and slope protection, the geological conditions and stress environments faced by these projects are becoming increasingly complex. Especially during deep mining of underground mineral resources, high ground stress environments not only easily cause deformation and instability of the surrounding rock in tunnels, but may also induce sudden geological disasters such as rock bursts, roof falls, and spalling, posing serious threats to the safety of construction workers and the progress of the project. Rock bolt support, as the most common and critical support method in geotechnical engineering, effectively reinforces the surrounding rock and limits the deformation and displacement of the geological body by transferring tensile force to stable rock strata, serving as the first line of defense against safety accidents. However, in some actual engineering projects with complex geological conditions and drastic stress changes, relying solely on passive rock bolt support is often insufficient to completely prevent disasters. Therefore, real-time monitoring and early warning of the working stress state of rock bolts, and early detection of abnormal deformation of the surrounding rock, have become necessary means to compensate for the inadequacy of passive support and improve the overall safety of the project.

[0003] Existing anchor bolt monitoring mainly relies on regular manual inspections or external monitoring instruments. In complex construction sites, it's difficult to obtain immediate and intuitive hazard information, resulting in a lack of intuitiveness in anchor bolt early warning monitoring. In practical applications, this leads to delayed warnings and a severe deficiency in on-site visibility. Because the sensors are externally installed, the collected signals must travel through complex transmission links to reach the remote monitoring room for analysis. In complex and harsh construction sites, signal transmission is easily interfered with or interrupted, making it difficult for the monitoring room to obtain hazard information and issue alerts to on-site personnel in a timely manner. Furthermore, the early warning logic of existing devices is highly dependent on the remote host. Most alarm thresholds are fixed in the program at the factory or require additional specialized debugging equipment on-site for modification. Once the engineering geological conditions change dynamically, on-site personnel cannot flexibly adjust the alarm thresholds according to the actual working conditions, resulting in extremely high maintenance costs and a high risk of false alarms and missed alarms. This makes the early warning thresholds difficult to adapt to changes in working conditions, leading to false alarms and missed alarms. Moreover, the lack of intuitive local early warning methods on-site makes it difficult to ensure timely and effective construction safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The summary section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. This part of the invention is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

[0006] Therefore, a first aspect of the present invention provides an adaptive intelligent early warning device suitable for high-stress anchor bolts.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides an adaptive intelligent early warning method suitable for high-stress anchor bolts.

[0008] In view of this, a first aspect of the embodiments of this application provides an adaptive intelligent early warning device suitable for high-stress anchor bolts, comprising: Anchor bolt body; A pressure monitoring unit is installed on the anchor bolt body and is used to collect pressure data on the anchor bolt body. The control module includes a threshold adjustment unit for setting multiple levels of alarm thresholds; the control module is electrically connected to the pressure monitoring unit and is used to receive the pressure data and compare the pressure data with the multiple levels of alarm thresholds. An alarm unit is provided, which has multiple alarm levels, each corresponding to a different alarm threshold. The alarm unit is electrically connected to the control module, and the control module triggers the alarm unit to perform an alarm at the corresponding level based on a comparison result.

[0009] In one feasible implementation, the pressure monitoring unit includes a plurality of pressure sensors, which are arranged along the axial direction of the anchor rod body, and are electrically connected to the control module via signal transmission lines.

[0010] In one feasible implementation, each of the pressure sensors includes a high-pressure strain sensor, which is electrically connected to the control module via the signal transmission line.

[0011] In one feasible implementation, the anchor rod body is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves along the axial direction, the anchor rod body is provided with a wire hole along the axial direction, the bottom of the mounting groove is provided with a wire hole, and the wire hole connects the mounting groove and the wire hole; Each pressure sensor is arranged in a corresponding mounting slot. One end of the signal transmission line is electrically connected to the corresponding pressure sensor, and the other end passes through the wire hole and the wire hole in sequence to be electrically connected to the control module.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the mounting groove is filled with a first seal for sealing and enclosing the pressure sensor; The gap between the two ends of the signal transmission line and the anchor rod body is sealed by a second sealing element.

[0013] In one feasible implementation, the control module further includes: A microcontroller is electrically connected to the threshold adjustment unit. The microcontroller is used to receive the pressure data and compare the pressure data with the alarm threshold. The signal processing unit is electrically connected to the pressure monitoring unit and the microcontroller. The signal processing unit has a built-in filtering algorithm to suppress electromagnetic interference signals in the pressure data before transmitting it to the microcontroller.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, the threshold adjustment unit is provided with at least three levels of alarm thresholds to distinguish different degrees of precursory damage.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, the alarm unit includes: A buzzer, which is electrically connected to the control module, is used to emit an alarm sound when the pressure data reaches or exceeds the alarm threshold. A warning light, electrically connected to the control module, is used to emit a light signal when the pressure data reaches or exceeds the alarm threshold.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, the warning light includes at least three colors, each color corresponding to a level of the alarm threshold. When the pressure data exceeds a certain level of the alarm threshold, the corresponding warning light color is triggered.

[0017] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, an adaptive intelligent early warning method suitable for high-stress anchor bolts is provided, using the adaptive intelligent early warning device described in any of the above technical solutions, the method comprising: Install the anchor rod body; The threshold adjustment unit presets multiple levels of alarm thresholds; When the anchor rod body is subjected to rock stress load, the pressure sensor monitors and collects the pressure data in real time and transmits it to the control module; After receiving the pressure data, the control module compares the pressure data with the preset alarm threshold. When the pressure data is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold of a certain level, the control module triggers the alarm unit to sound an alarm at the alarm level corresponding to that level. When the pressure data falls below the lowest level of the alarm threshold, the control module cuts off the trigger signal, and the alarm unit stops alarming.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts provided in this application integrates a pressure monitoring unit, a control module, and an alarm unit on the anchor bolt body, constructing an integrated local early warning structure. This allows pressure data to be directly analyzed and alarms triggered on-site without needing to be transmitted to a remote monitoring room via complex links. This solves the problem of delayed early warning caused by interference or interruption in signal transmission in existing technologies, enabling on-site construction personnel to obtain hazard information intuitively and immediately. Simultaneously, the threshold adjustment unit specially designed in the control module breaks the limitations of existing technologies where alarm thresholds are factory-fixed or require modification with dedicated equipment. This allows on-site personnel to flexibly and adaptively adjust the alarm thresholds according to dynamic changes in geological conditions, effectively reducing maintenance costs and avoiding false alarms and missed alarms. Furthermore, the design of multi-level alarm thresholds and corresponding alarm levels accurately reflects different degrees of surrounding rock stress, providing a scientific basis for graded emergency response on-site, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of passive support, and comprehensively improving the overall safety of the project.

[0019] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts, provided in this application; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the cross-section of an adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an adaptive intelligent early warning method for high-stress anchor bolts provided in this application.

[0021] in, Figures 1 to 2 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows: 1. Anchor rod body; 2. Mounting groove; 3. Wire hole; 4. First seal; 5. Pressure sensor; 6. Signal transmission line; 7. Wire hole; 8. Second seal; 9. Protective shell; 10. Control module; 11. Threshold adjustment unit; 12. Microcontroller; 13. Signal processing unit; 14. Buzzer; 15. Warning light; 16. Lithium battery pack; 17. Photovoltaic power supply module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following description provides numerous specific details to offer a more thorough understanding of the technical solutions provided by this invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical solutions provided by this invention can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0023] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, part, and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, parts, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0024] Exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the invention is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0025] To better understand the above technical solutions, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an adaptive intelligent early warning device suitable for high-stress anchor bolts is proposed, including an anchor bolt body 1, a pressure monitoring unit, a control module 10, and an alarm unit. The pressure monitoring unit includes a plurality of pressure sensors 5, which are disposed on the anchor bolt body 1. The plurality of pressure sensors 5 are as follows: Figure 1 Arranged along the axial direction as shown, or as Figure 2The control module 10, arranged circumferentially, is used to collect pressure data on the anchor rod 1. The control module 10 includes a threshold adjustment unit 11, which is used to set multiple alarm thresholds. The control module 10 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 5 to receive pressure data and compare it with the multiple alarm thresholds. The alarm unit has multiple alarm levels, each corresponding to a different alarm threshold. The alarm unit is electrically connected to the control module 10, and the control module 10 triggers the alarm unit to perform the corresponding alarm based on the comparison result.

[0027] In this technical solution, the pressure sensor 5 can acquire pressure data using either a resistance strain gauge or a vibrating wire strain gauge. When a resistance strain gauge is used, it is attached to the surface of the anchor rod 1. As the anchor rod 1 undergoes micro-deformation under high stress, the resistance value of the strain gauge changes accordingly. The control module 10 converts the resistance change into a voltage signal through a Wheatstone bridge circuit to obtain pressure data. When a vibrating wire strain gauge is used, the deformation of the anchor rod under stress changes the tension of the vibrating wire, thereby changing its natural vibration frequency. The control module 10 calculates the pressure data by measuring the frequency signal. The comparison process of the control module 10 is implemented through an internal comparator or software logic. The threshold adjustment unit 11 can be set with multiple threshold levels through a hardware DIP switch or a software configuration interface, for example, by setting it to three levels: 60%, 80%, and 95% of the yield strength according to the percentage of stress. The control module 10 is integrated into the protective shell 9 at the exposed end of the anchor rod 1.

[0028] Understandably, by comparing pressure data with multi-level alarm thresholds and triggering corresponding alarms, the early warning device can provide differentiated warning information based on the actual severity of the stress on the anchor bolt. This allows construction personnel to intuitively judge the level of danger and take appropriate measures, avoiding response delays or false alarms caused by single-threshold alarms, and improving the reliability and practicality of anchor bolt support monitoring under high stress conditions.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, in one feasible implementation, a plurality of pressure sensors 5 are arranged along the axial direction of the anchor rod body 1, and the plurality of pressure sensors 5 are electrically connected to the control module 10 through signal transmission lines 6 respectively.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific arrangement of several pressure sensors 5 along the axial direction can be set according to the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock. For example, an equidistant distribution can be used, that is, a pressure sensor 5 can be set at a fixed distance, such as 0.5 meters, from the end of the anchor rod 1 near the borehole to the deep end, to obtain a stress curve uniformly distributed along the entire length; or a non-equidistant densified distribution can be used, with sensors densely arranged in areas corresponding to known weak interlayers, stress concentration zones, and other strata prone to shear slip, based on geological survey data, while sparsely arranged in stable rock strata. During operation, when uneven settlement or slippage occurs in the rock mass, sensors at different axial positions will capture differentiated pressure change data and transmit them to the control module 10, forming the axial stress distribution profile of the anchor rod.

[0031] Understandably, arranging several pressure sensors 5 along the axial direction enables distributed monitoring of the entire length of the anchor bolt 1, overcoming the shortcomings of single-point monitoring that easily misses local stress concentrations. This helps to accurately identify the location of potential slip surfaces in the surrounding rock, providing more comprehensive data support for analyzing the internal failure mechanism of the rock mass. Furthermore, arranging multiple pressure sensors 5 along the axial direction of the anchor bolt 1 overcomes the limitations of single-point monitoring, enabling distributed sensing of the stress state at different depths of the anchor bolt. This helps to accurately identify areas of stress concentration and transmission patterns in the surrounding rock, providing more comprehensive and detailed spatial data support for analyzing precursors of rock mass failure.

[0032] In one feasible implementation, each pressure sensor 5 includes a high-pressure strain sensor, which is electrically connected to the control module 10 via a signal transmission line 6.

[0033] Furthermore, in the above examples, the high-pressure strain sensor can be a high-precision resistance strain gauge sensor or a fiber Bragg grating sensor. When a high-precision resistance strain gauge sensor is used, it employs a temperature-compensated foil strain gauge internally, enabling it to operate in underground environments with high stress and temperature fluctuations. After the sensor undergoes elastic deformation under pressure, it outputs a corresponding electrical signal. When a fiber Bragg grating sensor is used, it transmits optical signals through optical fibers. The force on the anchor bolt causes a change in the grating period or refractive index, which in turn causes a drift in the center wavelength of the reflected light. The control module 10 obtains pressure data by demodulating the wavelength drift. This sensing method itself has physical characteristics that resist electromagnetic interference.

[0034] Understandably, the use of high-pressure strain sensors enables the device to be matched with the harsh working conditions of high-stress anchor bolts, maintaining good linearity and stability under large stress loads, ensuring that the collected pressure data truly reflects the stress state of the anchor bolts, and reducing the risk of monitoring distortion caused by insufficient sensor range or failure.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one feasible embodiment, the anchor rod body 1 has several mounting slots 2 opened along the axial direction, and the anchor rod body 1 has wire holes 7 opened along the axial direction inside. The bottom of the mounting slot 2 has a wire hole 3, which connects the mounting slot 2 and the wire hole 7. Each pressure sensor 5 is arranged in a corresponding mounting slot 2. One end of the signal transmission line 6 is electrically connected to the corresponding pressure sensor 5, and the other end passes through the wire hole 3 and the wire hole 7 in sequence and is electrically connected to the control module 10.

[0036] The operation of the above structure is described as follows: the cross-section of the mounting groove 2 can be designed as rectangular or U-shaped to match the outline of the high-pressure strain sensor, and the wire hole 7 extends along the central axis of the anchor rod 1 or is set parallel to the central axis. During installation, the pressure sensor 5 is first embedded into the corresponding mounting groove 2, ensuring a tight fit. Then, the signal transmission line 6 is connected from the pressure sensor 5, passed down through the wire hole 3 into the wire hole 7. Multiple signal transmission lines 6 are gathered in the wire hole 7 and then led out from the tail end of the anchor rod to the control module 10. This structure allows the signal transmission line 6 to be completely housed inside the anchor rod 1. During the process of the anchor rod being driven into the borehole and subsequently subjected to the compression and friction of the surrounding rock, the transmission line will not be subjected to direct shearing or wear from the external rock mass.

[0037] Understandably, by opening the mounting groove 2 and the internal wire hole 7 on the pole, the sensor and cable are embedded and concealed, which effectively protects the signal transmission link from external mechanical damage and rock corrosion, and improves the long-term connectivity and survivability of the early warning device in complex construction and service environments.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one feasible embodiment, the mounting groove 2 is filled with a first seal 4 to seal and enclose the pressure sensor 5; the gap between the two ends of the signal transmission line 6 and the anchor rod body 1 is sealed by a second seal 8.

[0039] According to the above embodiments, the first sealing element 4 can be epoxy resin potting compound or high-temperature resistant silicone gel, and the second sealing element 8 can be a silicone rubber sealing ring or epoxy sealant. During implementation, after the pressure sensor 5 is fixed in the mounting groove 2, fluid epoxy resin potting compound is injected into the mounting groove 2 to completely cover and encapsulate the sensor. After the compound cures, a protective layer flush with the outer surface of the anchor rod 1 is formed. Meanwhile, a silicone rubber sealing ring or epoxy sealant is filled into the gap between the wire hole 3 and the signal transmission line 6, forming a dense water-blocking layer after curing.

[0040] Understandably, through the double sealing structure, the first seal 4 isolates the sensor from groundwater or chemical substances, ensuring the long-term measurement accuracy of the sensor, while the second seal 8 prevents moisture from entering the wire hole 7 along the cable gap, avoiding internal cable short circuits or signal attenuation, and ensuring the insulation and operational stability of the entire monitoring circuit.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in one feasible implementation, the control module 10 further includes a microcontroller 12 and a signal processing unit 13. The microcontroller 12 is electrically connected to the threshold adjustment unit 11. The microcontroller 12 is used to receive pressure data and compare the pressure data with the alarm threshold. The signal processing unit 13 is electrically connected to the pressure monitoring unit and the microcontroller 12. The signal processing unit 13 has a built-in filtering algorithm to suppress electromagnetic interference signals in the pressure data before transmitting it to the microcontroller 12.

[0042] On the other hand, the signal processing unit 13 can be composed of a combination of hardware filtering circuits and software filtering algorithms. The hardware filtering circuit includes a low-pass filter built with operational amplifiers, and the software filtering algorithm can use the moving average filtering method or the median filtering method. The microcontroller 12 can be an STM32 series microcontroller. The analog signal from the pressure sensor 5 is first filtered by a hardware low-pass filter to remove high-frequency electromagnetic noise, and then input to the signal processing unit 13 after analog-to-digital conversion. The software in the signal processing unit 13 removes the maximum and minimum values ​​from a set of continuously acquired data and takes the average, then transmits the processed clean data to the microcontroller 12. The microcontroller 12 reads the threshold parameters set by the threshold adjustment unit 11 through its internal registers, compares the processed pressure data with the differences of each threshold, and outputs corresponding control commands based on the comparison results.

[0043] Understandably, by combining hardware and software filtering, electromagnetic interference generated by the start-up and shutdown of large electromechanical equipment in underground engineering and transient pulse interference generated by rock fracturing can be effectively suppressed, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the pressure data acquired by the control module 10, preventing the judgment logic of the microcontroller 12 from being falsely triggered by noise, and ensuring the accuracy of the early warning command.

[0044] In one feasible implementation, the threshold adjustment unit 11 is provided with at least three alarm thresholds to distinguish different degrees of precursory damage.

[0045] In this embodiment, the specific setting logic of the three-level alarm thresholds can be divided according to the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the anchor bolt material. For example, the first-level alarm threshold is set to 50% of the anchor bolt's yield strength, corresponding to a slight warning of initial stress adjustment in the rock mass; the second-level alarm threshold is set to 75% of the yield strength, corresponding to a moderate warning of increased surrounding rock deformation; and the third-level alarm threshold is set to 90% of the yield strength, corresponding to an extremely dangerous warning that the anchor bolt is about to enter yield failure. The control module 10 internally stores a calibrated relationship between stress and yield strength. When the collected pressure data crosses the above proportional limit, the corresponding level of state switching is triggered.

[0046] Understandably, setting at least three alarm thresholds enables the early warning device to have a gradual hazard identification capability, which can quantitatively reflect the evolution process of high-stress anchor bolts from elastic deformation to plastic yielding, providing on-site personnel with a graded response window from continuous observation to emergency evacuation, thereby improving the level of precision in safety management.

[0047] In one feasible implementation, the alarm unit includes a buzzer 14 and a warning light 15. The buzzer 14 is electrically connected to the control module 10 and is used to emit an alarm sound when the pressure data reaches or exceeds the alarm threshold. The warning light 15 is electrically connected to the control module 10 and is used to emit a light signal when the pressure data reaches or exceeds the alarm threshold.

[0048] The operation of the above structure is described as follows: the buzzer 14 can be a multi-tone piezoelectric buzzer, and the warning light 15 can be a high-brightness LED strobe light. When the control module 10 determines that the pressure data has reached the alarm threshold, it outputs a drive level through the IO port to power on the buzzer 14 and make it sound, while simultaneously powering on the warning light 15. The sounding rhythm of the buzzer 14 can be differentiated for different alarm levels; for example, a low-level alarm will sound intermittently and slowly, while a high-level alarm will sound continuously and rapidly, and the warning light 15 will flash accordingly.

[0049] Understandably, a sound and light combined alarm system can simultaneously provide both auditory and visual warnings. In noisy and dimly lit underground construction environments, a single alarm method is easily overlooked, while simultaneous sound and light output can significantly increase the probability of capturing warning information and ensure that danger signals are detected by on-site personnel in a timely manner.

[0050] In one feasible implementation, the warning light 15 includes at least three colors, each color corresponding to an alarm threshold level. When the pressure data exceeds a certain alarm threshold level, the corresponding warning light 15 color is triggered.

[0051] In the following text, the color configuration of the warning light 15 can adopt traffic light logic. For example, the first threshold triggers a blue light to indicate a warning; the second threshold triggers a yellow light to indicate that close monitoring and preparedness are needed; and the third threshold triggers a red light to indicate that immediate evacuation or emergency measures are required. The control module 10 closes the corresponding light relay or outputs the corresponding PWM dimming signal based on the comparison result, causing the LED beads of the specific color to light up or flash. It is understandable that by using different colors to correspond to different levels of alarm thresholds, people's intuitive perception of the degree of danger represented by colors is utilized. This allows on-site personnel to instantly judge the severity of the danger based solely on the color after hearing the alarm, shortening information analysis time and improving decision-making efficiency in emergency situations.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, in one feasible embodiment, the early warning device further includes a power supply unit, which comprises a lithium battery pack 16 and a photovoltaic energy replenishment module 17. The two work together to provide continuous power for the anchor bolt early warning system. The lithium battery pack 16 has a built-in overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit for storing electrical energy and providing a stable power output. The photovoltaic energy replenishment module 17 is fixed above the end of the anchor bolt by a bracket. When the anchor bolt is used in underground engineering and solar energy cannot be utilized, the photovoltaic energy replenishment module 17 can be replaced with an external replaceable lithium battery pack 16.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides an adaptive intelligent early warning method suitable for high-stress anchor bolts. This method uses the adaptive intelligent early warning device described in any of the above technical solutions, and includes: S101: Install anchor rod body 1.

[0054] S102: Multiple alarm thresholds are preset through the threshold adjustment unit 11.

[0055] S103: When the anchor rod 1 is subjected to rock stress load, the pressure sensor 5 monitors and collects pressure data in real time and transmits it to the control module 10.

[0056] S104: After receiving the pressure data, the control module 10 compares the pressure data with the preset alarm threshold.

[0057] Specifically, after the control module 10 receives the signal, it first undergoes filtering processing by the signal processing unit 13, and then the microcontroller 12 compares the processed real-time pressure data with the preset alarm threshold.

[0058] S105: When the pressure data is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold of a certain level, the control module 10 triggers the alarm unit to alarm at the alarm level corresponding to that level.

[0059] At this time, the buzzer 14 emits a warning sound of ≥90dB, while the warning light 15 remains illuminated, achieving a dual warning effect of sound and light. Specifically, when the real-time pressure data drops or increases to a certain alarm threshold range, the color of the warning light 15 changes to the corresponding level color.

[0060] S106: When the pressure data falls below the lowest alarm threshold, the control module 10 cuts off the trigger signal and the alarm unit stops alarming.

[0061] During the installation of the anchor rod 1, it is necessary to ensure that the pressure sensors 5 at each axial position are aligned with the layer to be measured, and to coordinate the deformation of the rod with the rock mass through grouting anchoring. When setting the alarm threshold, the threshold parameter can be dynamically written according to the on-site ground stress test results. During real-time monitoring, the control module 10 continuously reads the pressure data of each channel at a set sampling frequency. When the stress is released or the surrounding rock stabilizes and the pressure data decreases to a safe range, the control module 10 executes the automatic reset logic to clear the alarm state. This adaptive intelligent early warning method closely integrates dynamic monitoring with graded threshold comparison, realizing closed-loop control from data acquisition and processing to graded alarm and automatic deactivation. It solves the problem that traditional manual inspection cannot obtain stress changes in real time, enabling the disaster prevention early warning of high-stress anchor rods to have an adaptive response capability.

[0062] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0064] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive intelligent early warning device suitable for high-stress anchor bolts, characterized in that, include: Anchor bolt body; A pressure monitoring unit, comprising a plurality of pressure sensors disposed on the anchor bolt body, for collecting pressure data on the anchor bolt body; The control module includes a threshold adjustment unit for setting multiple alarm thresholds; the control module is electrically connected to the pressure sensor for receiving pressure data and comparing the pressure data with the multiple alarm thresholds. An alarm unit is provided, which has multiple alarm levels, each of which corresponds to a different alarm threshold. The alarm unit is electrically connected to the control module, and the control module triggers the alarm unit to perform an alarm at the corresponding level based on a comparison result.

2. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several pressure sensors are arranged along the axial direction of the anchor rod, and each pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control module via a signal transmission line.

3. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the pressure sensors includes a high-pressure strain sensor, which is electrically connected to the control module via the signal transmission line.

4. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anchor rod body has several mounting grooves along the axial direction, and the anchor rod body has wire holes along the axial direction inside. The bottom of the mounting groove has a wire hole, and the wire hole connects the mounting groove and the wire hole. Each pressure sensor is arranged in a corresponding mounting slot. One end of the signal transmission line is electrically connected to the corresponding pressure sensor, and the other end passes through the wire hole and the wire hole in sequence to be electrically connected to the control module.

5. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting groove is filled with a first sealing element for sealing and enclosing the pressure sensor. The gap between the two ends of the signal transmission line and the anchor rod body is sealed by a second sealing element.

6. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The control module also includes: A microcontroller is electrically connected to the threshold adjustment unit. The microcontroller is used to receive the pressure data and compare the pressure data with the alarm threshold. The signal processing unit is electrically connected to the pressure monitoring unit and the microcontroller. The signal processing unit has a built-in filtering algorithm to suppress electromagnetic interference signals in the pressure data before transmitting it to the microcontroller.

7. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The threshold adjustment unit is equipped with at least three alarm threshold levels to distinguish different degrees of precursory damage.

8. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to claim 7, characterized in that, The alarm unit includes: A buzzer, which is electrically connected to the control module, is used to emit an alarm sound when the pressure data reaches or exceeds the alarm threshold. A warning light, electrically connected to the control module, is used to emit a light signal when the pressure data reaches or exceeds the alarm threshold.

9. The adaptive intelligent early warning device for high-stress anchor bolts according to claim 8, characterized in that: The warning light includes at least three colors, each color corresponding to a level of the alarm threshold. When the pressure data exceeds a certain level of the alarm threshold, the corresponding color of the warning light is triggered.

10. An adaptive intelligent early warning method suitable for high-stress anchor bolts, characterized in that, Using the adaptive intelligent early warning device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: Install the anchor rod body; The threshold adjustment unit presets multiple levels of alarm thresholds; When the anchor rod body is subjected to rock stress load, the pressure sensor monitors and collects the pressure data in real time and transmits it to the control module; After receiving the pressure data, the control module compares the pressure data with the preset alarm threshold. When the pressure data is greater than or equal to the alarm threshold of a certain level, the control module triggers the alarm unit to sound an alarm at the alarm level corresponding to that level. When the pressure data falls below the lowest level of the alarm threshold, the control module cuts off the trigger signal, and the alarm unit stops alarming.

Images