A bolt washer assembly and screening device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of mechanical assembly, and discloses a bolt and gasket assembling and screening device, which comprises a workbench, a bolt and gasket vibrating disc is arranged on the workbench, the bolt and gasket vibrating disc is provided with a bolt discharging track and a gasket discharging track, the bolt discharging track is located above the gasket discharging track, and a defective product recycling box is arranged on the side wall of the bolt and gasket vibrating disc; a finished product material guiding pipe is arranged on the workbench through a material guiding fixed seat, the finished product material guiding pipe is in communication with the gasket discharging track; a defective product screening mechanism is located above the defective product recycling box and is arranged between the gasket discharging track and the finished product material guiding pipe, the defective product screening mechanism is in communication with the gasket discharging track and the finished product material guiding pipe respectively; and a finished product transferring assembly is arranged on the workbench. The present application has the advantages that the bolt and gasket can be automatically assembled and the defective products can be automatically screened, so that the assembly precision and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical assembly technology, and in particular to a bolt washer assembly and screening device. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial assembly, the combination of bolts and washers is widely used. Taking an M6*30 bolt as an example, its nut width is about 13mm, and the matching washer thickness is about 1.0mm. Traditional assembly processes mostly rely on manual operation or simple semi-automated equipment.

[0003] The inventors discovered in practice that existing assembly methods have the following technical problems: First, there is a high risk of over- or under-assembly. Manually visually inspecting whether a washer is precisely fitted onto a bolt is not only inefficient but also prone to causing defective products to be rejected due to visual fatigue. Conventional vibratory feeders can only sort and load materials, lacking a structure for precise control over the "one bolt, one washer" assembly quantity.

[0004] Second, poor size adaptability. The track specifications of general-purpose vibratory feeders are uniform, and they are not optimized for the dimensional tolerances of specific bolts and washers, which makes it easy for materials to jam, stack, and become disordered during the conveying process.

[0005] Third, there is a lack of online screening functionality. The existing solution cannot simultaneously complete the inspection of assembly quality and the rejection of defective products during the assembly process. Defective products need to be manually inspected in subsequent processes, which significantly increases the rework rate and time loss on the production line. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bolt and washer assembly and screening device, which has the advantages of realizing automatic assembly of bolts and washers and automatic screening of defective products, thereby improving assembly accuracy and efficiency.

[0007] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A bolt washer assembly and screening device, comprising: A workbench is provided with a bolt sleeve and washer vibratory feeder. The bolt sleeve and washer vibratory feeder has a bolt discharge rail and a washer discharge rail. The bolt discharge rail is located above the washer discharge rail. A defective product recycling box is provided on the side wall of the bolt sleeve and washer vibratory feeder. The finished product feed tube is mounted on the workbench via a feed fixing seat and is connected to the gasket discharge rail. The defective product screening mechanism is located above the defective product recycling box and is disposed between the gasket discharge rail and the finished product feed pipe. The defective product screening mechanism is connected to both the gasket discharge rail and the finished product feed pipe. A finished product transfer assembly is disposed on the workbench and located on one side of the finished product feed tube. The finished product transfer assembly is used to transfer finished product bolts located on the finished product feed tube.

[0008] Compared to existing technologies, this application, by placing the bolt discharge rail above the gasket discharge rail, allows the bolts to automatically fall into the gasket under gravity to complete the initial fitting. The defective product screening mechanism, located above the defective product recycling box and between the gasket discharge rail and the finished product feed pipe, can efficiently and accurately screen the bolts after initial fitting, directly recycling the defective products into the defective product recycling box. The finished product feed pipe is connected to the gasket discharge rail, which can smoothly guide the finished bolts. The finished product transfer component is located on one side of the finished product feed pipe, which can transfer the finished bolts in a timely manner. The entire device realizes automatic assembly of bolts and gaskets, efficient screening, and rapid transfer of finished products, improving production efficiency, ensuring product quality, and reducing labor costs and labor intensity.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a counterweight damping block is provided above the bolt discharge rail on the bolt sleeve vibratory plate, and the distance between the counterweight damping block and the bolt discharge rail gradually decreases along the discharge direction of the bolt discharge rail.

[0010] By adopting the above solution, by setting up counterweight damping blocks with gradually decreasing spacing along the discharge direction above the bolt discharge rail, a progressive peeling damping effect can be applied to the stacked bolts, so that the bolts can be automatically adjusted to a single-layer posture during the conveying process, thereby avoiding assembly jamming or padding failure caused by bolt stacking, and improving assembly stability and efficiency.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the defective product screening mechanism includes: A first flipping component is disposed at the outlet of the gasket discharge rail and is connected to the gasket discharge rail. The second flipping component is disposed at the inlet of the finished product feed tube and is connected to the finished product feed tube; A screening component is disposed between the first flipping component and the second flipping component and corresponds to the discharge port of the first flipping component and the inlet of the second flipping component, respectively.

[0012] By adopting the above scheme, the defective product screening mechanism is configured to consist of a first flipping component, a screening component, and a second flipping component connected in sequence. First, the assembled materials are flipped in posture. Then, the screening component is used to remove defective products that are over-assembled or missing in space. Finally, the second flipping component restores the posture of qualified products and sends them into the finished product feed pipe. This allows the entire screening process to be completed continuously in the conveying path without interruption or manual intervention, thus balancing structural compactness and screening reliability.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first flipping component includes a first rail and a second rail extending along the conveying direction and spaced apart from each other. One end of the first rail and one end of the second rail are both connected to the discharge port of the gasket discharge rail. A support channel is formed between the first rail and the second rail. The width of the support channel is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt screw and smaller than the outer diameter of the gasket sleeved on the bolt, so that the gasket can be supported on the first rail and the second rail. The end of the support channel away from the gasket discharge rail corresponds to the position of the screening component. In any cross section perpendicular to the conveying direction, the angle between the support plane defined by the support portion of the first rail and the support portion of the second rail and the horizontal plane gradually increases along the conveying direction.

[0014] By adopting the above scheme, a support channel with a width between the outer diameter of the bolt screw and the outer diameter of the washer is formed by the first and second rails set at intervals. The angle between the support plane and the horizontal plane is defined to gradually increase along the conveying direction, so that the assembled material can be gradually twisted and flipped into a posture suitable for screening by the rails during the conveying process. This purely mechanical flipping structure does not require additional driving components. It is not only simple in structure and low in cost, but also stable and reliable in flipping action, creating favorable posture conditions for subsequent screening.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the first rail and the second rail are cylindrical metal columns, and the support portion is the upper edge of the cylindrical metal column.

[0016] By adopting the above-mentioned scheme, by using cylindrical metal columns for both the first and second rails and using their upper edges as support parts, a line contact is formed between the pad and the rail, which greatly reduces the frictional resistance between the pad and the rail during the flipping process, making the posture flipping smoother. At the same time, the smooth surface of the metal column also reduces the risk of material jamming and improves the smoothness and reliability of conveying and screening.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the screening component includes: A receiving plate is disposed between the first flipping component and the second flipping component and is connected to the bolt sleeve vibrating plate. The receiving plate is used to receive bolts to be screened from the first flipping component. A multi-assembly screening plate is disposed on one side of the receiving plate and connected to the bolt sleeve vibrating plate. A multi-assembly qualified channel is formed between the multi-assembly screening plate and the receiving plate. The width of the multi-assembly qualified channel is greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness of the bolt head and the thickness of N shims, and less than the sum of the thickness of the bolt head and the thickness of N+1 shims, where N is a positive integer. The side of the multi-assembly screening plate near the first flipping component is a screening slope. The inlet of the multi-assembly qualified channel is connected to the outlet of the first flipping component. The screen plate is installed with a smaller amount of material. The screen plate is located at one end of the receiving plate near the second flipping component. The position of the screen plate corresponds to the center of gravity of the finished bolt and the position of the second flipping component. A pressure plate is disposed above the underfill screening plate and connected to the bolt sleeve vibrating plate. The pressure plate is used to prevent finished bolts from falling off the underfill screening plate.

[0018] The above-described scheme utilizes a multi-stage screening plate on one side of the receiving plate to form a multi-stage qualified channel with a width greater than or equal to the sum of the bolt head thickness and the thickness of N gaskets, but less than the sum of the bolt head thickness and the thickness of N+1 gaskets. The side of the multi-stage screening plate closest to the feed side is designed as a screening ramp, causing defective products with more than N gaskets to be lifted by the screening ramp and discharged into the defective product recycling box due to their excessive total thickness. Simultaneously, a short-stage screening plate is set at the end of the receiving plate, corresponding to the center of gravity of the finished bolts. This causes bolts with insufficient gaskets to fall off due to the shift in their center of gravity, while the upper pressure plate prevents qualified products from falling accidentally. This purely mechanical structure achieves dual automatic rejection of both over- and under-stage defective products, eliminating the need for sensors or pneumatic components. It boasts advantages such as simple structure, accurate screening, and low cost.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second flipping component includes: The third and fourth rails are connected at one end to the inlet of the finished product feed tube. A flipping channel is formed between the third and fourth rails and is connected to the inlet of the finished product feed tube. The flipping channel is used to flip the finished bolts from the screening component to a bolt head-down position. The width of the flipping channel is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt shank and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer fitted on the bolt. A limiting rod is provided, one end of which is connected to the finished product feed tube. The position of the limiting rod corresponds to the position of the flipping channel. The limiting rod is used to constrain the finished product bolt within the flipping channel.

[0020] By adopting the above scheme, a flipping channel with a width between the outer diameter of the bolt screw and the outer diameter of the washer is formed by the third and fourth rails, and a limiting rod is used to constrain the qualified bolts within the channel. This allows the qualified bolts from the screening component to be reliably flipped into a bolt head-down position during the conveying process and accurately introduced into the finished product feed pipe. This provides a uniform and highly adaptable material posture for subsequent finished product transfer, ensuring the neatness and consistency of the finished product output.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet of the finished product feeding tube is connected to the outlet of the defective product screening mechanism, the top wall of the finished product feeding tube is provided with a through groove along the length of the finished product feeding tube, and the top wall of the finished product feeding tube is provided with an opening on the side away from the defective product screening mechanism.

[0022] By adopting the above solution, a through groove is opened along the length of the top wall of the finished product feed pipe, providing clearance space for the bolt screw to avoid interference and collision with the pipe wall during the conveying process. At the same time, an opening is opened on the side away from the screening mechanism, providing an operating channel for the gripper of the finished product transfer assembly to clamp the bolt head from above, ensuring the smoothness and reliability of the finished product conveying and transfer process.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a position sensor is provided on the workbench at the opening of the finished product feed tube.

[0024] By adopting the above solution, a position sensor is installed at the opening of the finished product feed tube to detect in real time whether the finished product bolt has reached the predetermined picking position, thereby providing an accurate trigger signal for the operation of the finished product transfer component, realizing the precise positioning and timely transfer of the finished product, avoiding missed or mis-picking, and improving the coordination and efficiency of automated operation.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the finished product transfer component includes: A finished product storage box is provided on the workbench and located on one side of the finished product feed tube. A lifting telescopic rod, wherein the fixed end of the lifting telescopic rod is mounted on the worktable via a transfer fixing seat; A horizontal telescopic rod, the fixed end of which is connected to the movable end of the lifting telescopic rod, and the movable end of the horizontal telescopic rod is provided with a gripper.

[0026] By adopting the above solution and setting up a finished product transfer assembly consisting of a lifting telescopic rod, a horizontal telescopic rod, and a gripper, qualified bolts that have reached the end of the finished product feeding pipe can be reliably clamped from above and transferred to the finished product storage box. This achieves automation of finished product sorting and collection, reduces manual operation, and improves the overall operating efficiency and automation level of the device.

[0027] The aforementioned bolt washer assembly and screening device has the following advantages: By integrating a bolt sleeve vibratory feeder with bolt and washer discharge rails arranged in upper and lower layers on the worktable, the bolts naturally fall into the washer by gravity at the end of the conveying process to complete the sleeve placement. Simultaneously, a defective product screening mechanism is connected between the washer discharge rail and the finished product feed pipe and is positioned above the defective product recycling box. This achieves integrated assembly and online screening at a single workstation. The assembled material is automatically detected and diverted before entering the finished product feed pipe. Defective products fall into the defective product recycling box, while qualified products continue to be conveyed. At the same time, the qualified products are automatically transferred by the finished product transfer component on one side of the worktable. Thus, the compact structure configuration fully covers the entire process of automatic assembly, online screening, and finished product transfer, significantly reducing the risk of over-assembly and omission in bolt washer assembly, eliminating the manual post-inspection process, and greatly reducing the rework rate and time loss. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bolt washer assembly and screening device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the defective product screening mechanism in a bolt washer assembly and screening device of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; In the picture: 1. Bolt sleeve vibratory feeder; 11. Bolt discharge rail; 12. Shim discharge rail; 13. Defective product recycling box; 14. Counterweight damping block; 2. Finished product feeding pipe; 21. Feeding fixing seat; 22. Through groove; 23. Opening; 24. Position sensor; 3. Defective product screening mechanism; 31. First tilting assembly; 311. First rail; 312. Second rail; 313. Support channel; 32. Second tilting assembly; 321. Three rails; 322, fourth rail; 323, flipping channel; 324, limit rod; 33, screening assembly; 331, receiving plate; 332, multiple screening plates; 3321, screening slope; 333, multiple qualified channels; 334, fewer screening plates; 335, pressure plate; 4, finished product transfer assembly; 41, finished product storage box; 42, lifting telescopic rod; 43, horizontal telescopic rod; 44, gripper; 45, transfer fixing seat.

[0029] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objectives and beneficial effects of the present invention more apparent and easily understood, the bolt washer assembly and screening device provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and multiple embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0033] Example Reference Figure 1This embodiment provides a bolt and washer assembly and screening device, including a workbench, a bolt and washer vibratory feeder 1, a finished product feeding pipe 2, a defective product screening mechanism 3, and a finished product transfer assembly 4. The bolt and washer vibratory feeder 1 is mounted on the workbench by bolts. The bolt and washer vibratory feeder 1 adopts the existing technology that can simultaneously feed bolts and washers and complete the bolt and washer assembly; its specific structure is not within the scope of protection of this application. The bolt and washer vibratory feeder 1 has a bolt discharge rail 11 and a washer discharge rail 12, with the bolt discharge rail 11 located above the washer discharge rail 12. A defective product recycling box 13 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the bolt and washer vibratory feeder 1 by screws. A counterweight damping block 14 is provided above the bolt discharge rail 11 of the bolt sleeve vibratory feeder 1. The counterweight damping block 14 is installed on the wall of the bolt sleeve vibratory feeder 1 by a bracket. The distance between the counterweight damping block 14 and the bolt discharge rail 11 gradually decreases along the discharge direction of the bolt discharge rail 11, so that the stacked bolts are gradually peeled off during the conveying process, ensuring that the bolts are discharged in a single layer, while ensuring that the conveying speed of the bolts is stable.

[0034] Reference Figures 1 to 3 The finished product feed tube 2 is mounted on the workbench via a feed fixing seat 21, which is bolted to the workbench. The finished product feed tube 2 is then installed on the feed fixing seat 21 using clamps. The inlet of the finished product feed tube 2 is connected to the outlet of the defective product screening mechanism 3. A through groove 22 is formed along the length of the top wall of the finished product feed tube 2, which provides clearance space for the bolt screw and prevents interference or collision between the screw and the tube wall. An opening 23 is formed on the side of the top wall of the finished product feed tube 2 away from the defective product screening mechanism 3, providing an operating channel for the grippers of the finished product transfer assembly 4 to clamp the bolt head from above. In some other embodiments, the feed fixing seat 21 can also be mounted on the workbench by welding, as long as it can fix the finished product feed tube 2 on the workbench; the specific connection method is not limited here. A position sensor 24 is provided on the workbench at the opening 23 corresponding to the finished product feed tube 2. In this embodiment, the position sensor 24 is a photoelectric sensor. In other embodiments, sensors such as proximity switches or micro switches that can detect when the finished bolt has reached a predetermined position may also be used.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 The defective product screening mechanism 3 is located above the defective product recycling box 13 and is positioned between the gasket discharge rail 12 and the finished product feed pipe 2. The defective product screening mechanism 3 is connected to both the gasket discharge rail 12 and the finished product feed pipe 2. Specifically, the defective product screening mechanism 3 includes a first flipping component 31, a screening component 33, and a second flipping component 32.

[0036] The first flipping assembly 31 is disposed at the outlet of the gasket discharge rail 12 and communicates with the gasket discharge rail 12. The first flipping assembly 31 includes a first rail 311 and a second rail 312 extending along the conveying direction and spaced apart from each other. One end of the first rail 311 and one end of the second rail 312 are both connected to the outlet of the gasket discharge rail 12, forming a support channel 313 between them. The width of the support channel 313 is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt thread and smaller than the outer diameter of the gasket sleeved on the bolt, so that the gasket can be supported on the first rail 311 and the second rail 312. In any cross-section perpendicular to the conveying direction, the angle between the support plane defined by the support portion of the first rail 311 and the support portion of the second rail 312 and the horizontal plane gradually increases along the conveying direction, thereby causing the assembled material to gradually flip during the conveying process. In this embodiment, both the first rail 311 and the second rail 312 are cylindrical metal columns, and the support part is the upper edge of the cylindrical metal column. The shim and the rail form a line contact, resulting in low frictional resistance and smooth rotation.

[0037] The screening component 33 is disposed between the first flipping component 31 and the second flipping component 32, corresponding to the discharge port of the first flipping component 31 and the inlet of the second flipping component 32, respectively. The screening component 33 specifically includes a receiving plate 331, a multi-load screening plate 332, a minimum-load screening plate 334, and a pressure plate 335.

[0038] A receiving plate 331 is disposed between the first flipping assembly 31 and the second flipping assembly 32, and is connected to the wall of the bolt-shoulder vibrating plate 1 by bolts, for receiving bolts to be screened from the first flipping assembly 31. The angle between the receiving plate 331 and the horizontal plane is 5° to 20°, and 15° in this embodiment. A multi-assembly screening plate 332 is disposed on one side of the receiving plate 331, and is also connected to the bolt-shoulder vibrating plate 1 by bolts. A multi-assembly qualified channel 333 is formed between the multi-assembly qualified channel 332 and the receiving plate 331, and the inlet of the multi-assembly qualified channel 333 is connected to the outlet of the first flipping assembly 31. The width of the multi-assembly qualified channel 333 is greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness of the bolt head and the thickness of N washers, and less than the sum of the thickness of the bolt head and the thickness of N+1 washers, where N is a positive integer. In this embodiment, the process requirement is one washer per bolt, with N being 1. This means the channel width is greater than or equal to the sum of the bolt head thickness and the thickness of one washer, but less than the sum of the bolt head thickness and the thickness of two washers. The side of the multi-plate screening unit 332 near the first flipping assembly 31 is a screening slope 3321. When a bolt with more than one washer enters the channel, its total thickness exceeds the limit, and it will be lifted by the screening slope 3321 and fall into the defective product recycling box 13 below.

[0039] A reduced-load screening plate 334 is positioned at one end of the receiving plate 331 near the second flipping assembly 32. The reduced-load screening plate 334 is integrally formed with the receiving plate 331, and its position corresponds to the center of gravity of the finished bolt and the position of the second flipping assembly 32. A pressure plate 335 is positioned above the reduced-load screening plate 334 and is connected to the bolt sleeve vibratory feeder 1 via bolts. This plate is used to prevent the finished bolt from accidentally bouncing off the reduced-load screening plate 334 during vibratory conveying. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The black dot on the bolt in the diagram is the center of gravity indicator. When the bolt without a washer reaches the position of the underfilled screening plate 334, its center of gravity shifts relative to the qualified product. Due to the imbalance of the center of gravity, it will fall into the defective product recycling box 13 below.

[0040] The second flipping assembly 32 is located at the inlet of the finished product feed pipe 2 and is connected to the finished product feed pipe 2. The second flipping assembly 32 includes a third rail 321, a fourth rail 322, and a limiting rod 324. One end of the third rail 321 and one end of the fourth rail 322 are both connected to the inlet of the finished product feed pipe 2, forming a flipping channel 323 between them. The flipping channel 323 is connected to the inlet of the finished product feed pipe 2 and is used to flip the finished bolts from the screening assembly 33 to a bolt head-down position. The width of the flipping channel 323 is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt shank and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer fitted on the bolt, to prevent the finished bolts from falling out of the flipping channel 323. One end of the limiting rod 324 is connected to the finished product feed pipe 2, and the position of the limiting rod 324 corresponds to the position of the flipping channel 323, used to constrain the finished bolts within the flipping channel 323 and prevent the bolts from coming out during the flipping process.

[0041] Reference Figure 1The finished product transfer assembly 4 is set on the workbench and located on one side of the finished product feeding pipe 2. The finished product transfer assembly 4 specifically includes a finished product storage box 41, a lifting telescopic rod 42, a horizontal telescopic rod 43, and a gripper 44. The finished product storage box 41 is placed on the workbench and located on one side of the finished product feeding pipe 2. The fixed end of the lifting telescopic rod 42 is set on the workbench via a transfer fixing seat 45, which is bolted to the workbench. The fixed end of the horizontal telescopic rod 43 is connected to the movable end of the lifting telescopic rod 42 via a flange, and the movable end of the horizontal telescopic rod 43 is bolted to a gripper 44. In this embodiment, both the lifting telescopic rod 42 and the horizontal telescopic rod 43 are cylinders. In other embodiments, electric telescopic rods or hydraulic rods capable of linear reciprocating motion can be used instead, as long as they can drive the gripper 44 to move vertically and horizontally. The specific type of telescopic rod is not limited here. In this embodiment, the gripper is a clamping cylinder, and a clamping block is bolted to the movable end of the clamping cylinder. When the position sensor 24 detects that a finished bolt is in place at the opening 23 of the finished product feed pipe 2, the lifting telescopic rod 42 drives the horizontal telescopic rod 43 to descend, the clamping cylinder drives the clamping block to close and clamp the bolt head, then the lifting telescopic rod 42 rises, the horizontal telescopic rod 43 extends, and the finished bolt is moved to the top of the finished product storage box 41. The clamping block is released, allowing the finished bolt to fall into the finished product storage box 41.

[0042] The working principle of this application is as follows: The bolts and washers to be assembled are batch-poured into the bolt-shearing vibratory feeder 1. Driven by vibration, the bolt-shearing vibratory feeder 1 sorts and guides the bolts and washers to their respective tracks: bolts advance along the bolt discharge track 11, and washers advance along the washer discharge track 12. Since the bolt discharge track 11 is located above the washer discharge track 12, and the discharge port of the bolt discharge track 11 is vertically aligned with the conveying path of the washer discharge track 12, when a bolt is conveyed to the end of the discharge port of the bolt discharge track 11, it falls naturally under gravity, and its screw passes through the inner hole of the corresponding washer in the lower washer discharge track 12, completing the bolt-shearing action and forming the initial assembled bolts to be screened. During this process, to prevent bolts from stacking and jamming, a counterweight damping block 14 is installed above the bolt discharge track 11. The distance between the counterweight damping block 14 and the bolt discharge rail 11 gradually decreases along the discharge direction. When the stacked bolts pass through the counterweight damping block 14, the upper layer of bolts is gently blocked and peeled off by the counterweight damping block 14, allowing only a single layer of bolts to pass through. This ensures that the bolts are discharged stably in a single-layer flat position, while maintaining a stable bolt discharge speed. The bolts to be screened after the initial padding continues to be conveyed along the pad discharge rail 12 and enters the defective product screening mechanism 3.

[0043] The bolt to be screened first enters the first flipping assembly 31. A support channel 313 is formed between the first rail 311 and the second rail 312 of the first flipping assembly 31. Since the width of the support channel 313 is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt screw and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer, the washer of the bolt to be screened is supported on the first rail 311 and the second rail 312, while the screw hangs in the support channel 313. As the bolt to be screened moves forward along the conveying direction, the angle between the support plane defined by the support portion of the first rail 311 and the second rail 312 and the horizontal plane gradually increases, and the posture of the bolt to be screened is gradually flipped, changing from the initial horizontal posture with the bolt head facing upward to an inclined posture with the bolt head facing sideways.

[0044] After being flipped by the first flipping component 31, the bolts to be screened fall into the screening component 33. The bolts entering the screening component 33 first fall onto the receiving plate 331 and, under vibration, slide along the receiving plate 331 into the multi-assembly qualified channel 333. In this embodiment, the bolt washer process requires only one washer to be used. Therefore, the width of the multi-assembly qualified channel 333 is set to be greater than or equal to the sum of the bolt head thickness and the thickness of one washer, and less than the sum of the bolt head thickness and the thickness of two washers. For multi-assembly bolts with more than one washer, their total thickness exceeds the width of the multi-assembly qualified channel 333. When the threaded head enters the channel, the bolt head end face or washer contacts the screening slope 3321 on the side of the multi-assembly screening plate 332. Under vibration, the bolt is lifted upwards by the screening slope 3321, detaches from the conveying track, and falls into the corresponding defective product recycling box 13 below, thus completing the removal of multi-assembly defective products. After multiple screenings, the remaining bolts to be screened in the channel include finished bolts with one washer and bolts with fewer washers but no washer.

[0045] Subsequently, these bolts to be screened continue to move along the conveying direction until they reach the area where the under-screening plate 334 is located. The position of the under-screening plate 334 is set according to the center of gravity of the finished bolts. When a finished bolt with one washer reaches this position, the washer and one side of the bolt head are reliably supported by the edges of the under-screening plate 334 and the receiving plate 331, keeping the bolt stable and preventing it from falling off. At the same time, the upper pressure plate 335 prevents the finished bolt from accidentally bouncing. (Refer to...) Figure 3 In the diagram, the black dot on the bolt's shank indicates the center of gravity. When a short-loaded bolt reaches this position, due to the lack of a shim for counterweight, its overall center of gravity shifts relative to the finished bolt, leaning towards the direction of the shank. This causes the short-loaded bolt to become suspended in mid-air and lose support when it reaches the support area of ​​the short-loaded screening plate 334. Under the influence of gravity, it flips over and falls through the gap into the corresponding defective product recycling box 13 below, thus completing the removal of the short-loaded defective product. At this point, only the finished bolt with one shim remains to be conveyed.

[0046] Qualified finished bolts enter the second flipping assembly 32 from the discharge end of the screening component 33. A flipping channel 323 is formed between the third rail 321 and the fourth rail 322 of the second flipping assembly 32. The width of the flipping channel 323 is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt screw and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer. As the finished bolts advance along the flipping channel 323, guided by the shape of the rails and under the action of gravity, the finished bolts are gradually flipped to a position with the screw facing upwards and the bolt head facing downwards. Simultaneously, the limiting rod 324 reliably constrains the finished bolts within the flipping channel 323 to prevent them from coming out. The finished bolts, after achieving a uniform posture, are fed into the inlet of the finished product feed pipe 2 and proceed sequentially along the inside of the finished product feed pipe 2. The through groove 22 on the top wall of the finished product feed pipe 2 provides clearance space for the bolt screw, preventing interference and collision between the screw and the pipe wall. When the finished bolt reaches the opening 23 at the end of the finished product feed pipe 2, the position sensor 24 detects the bolt's arrival signal, and the finished product transfer assembly 4 is activated. The lifting telescopic rod 42 lowers the horizontal telescopic rod 43 and the gripper 44. The gripping cylinder of the gripper 44 drives the gripping block to clamp the screw of the finished bolt from above. Then the lifting telescopic rod 42 rises, the horizontal telescopic rod 43 extends, and the finished bolt is transferred to the top of the finished product storage box 41. The gripping block releases, and the finished bolt falls into the finished product storage box 41. This completes the entire process of bolt padding, screening, and transfer.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bolt washer assembly and screening device, characterized in that, include: A workbench is provided with a bolt sleeve and washer vibratory feeder. The bolt sleeve and washer vibratory feeder has a bolt discharge rail and a washer discharge rail. The bolt discharge rail is located above the washer discharge rail. A defective product recycling box is provided on the side wall of the bolt sleeve and washer vibratory feeder. The finished product feed tube is mounted on the workbench via a feed fixing seat and is connected to the gasket discharge rail. The defective product screening mechanism is located above the defective product recycling box and is disposed between the gasket discharge rail and the finished product feed pipe. The defective product screening mechanism is connected to both the gasket discharge rail and the finished product feed pipe. A finished product transfer assembly is disposed on the workbench and located on one side of the finished product feed tube. The finished product transfer assembly is used to transfer finished product bolts located on the finished product feed tube.

2. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bolt sleeve vibratory feeder is equipped with a counterweight damping block above the bolt discharge rail, and the distance between the counterweight damping block and the bolt discharge rail gradually decreases along the discharge direction of the bolt discharge rail.

3. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The defective product screening organization includes: A first flipping component is disposed at the outlet of the gasket discharge rail and is connected to the gasket discharge rail. The second flipping component is disposed at the inlet of the finished product feed tube and is connected to the finished product feed tube; A screening component is disposed between the first flipping component and the second flipping component and corresponds to the discharge port of the first flipping component and the inlet of the second flipping component, respectively.

4. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first flipping assembly includes a first rail and a second rail extending along the conveying direction and spaced apart from each other. One end of the first rail and one end of the second rail are both connected to the outlet of the gasket discharge rail. A support channel is formed between the first rail and the second rail. The width of the support channel is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt screw and smaller than the outer diameter of the gasket sleeved on the bolt, so that the gasket can be supported on the first rail and the second rail. The end of the support channel away from the gasket discharge rail corresponds to the position of the screening assembly. In any cross section perpendicular to the conveying direction, the angle between the support plane defined by the support portion of the first rail and the support portion of the second rail and the horizontal plane gradually increases along the conveying direction.

5. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the first rail and the second rail are cylindrical metal columns, and the support part is the upper edge of the cylindrical metal column.

6. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filtering component includes: A receiving plate is disposed between the first flipping component and the second flipping component and is connected to the bolt sleeve vibrating plate. The receiving plate is used to receive bolts to be screened from the first flipping component. A multi-assembly screening plate is disposed on one side of the receiving plate and connected to the bolt sleeve vibrating plate. A multi-assembly qualified channel is formed between the multi-assembly screening plate and the receiving plate. The width of the multi-assembly qualified channel is greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness of the bolt head and the thickness of N shims, and less than the sum of the thickness of the bolt head and the thickness of N+1 shims, where N is a positive integer. The side of the multi-assembly screening plate near the first flipping component is a screening slope. The inlet of the multi-assembly qualified channel is connected to the outlet of the first flipping component. The screen plate is installed with a smaller amount of material. The screen plate is located at one end of the receiving plate near the second flipping component. The position of the screen plate corresponds to the center of gravity of the finished bolt and the position of the second flipping component. A pressure plate is disposed above the underfill screening plate and connected to the bolt sleeve vibrating plate. The pressure plate is used to prevent finished bolts from falling off the underfill screening plate.

7. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second flipping component includes: The third and fourth rails are connected at one end to the inlet of the finished product feed tube. A flipping channel is formed between the third and fourth rails and is connected to the inlet of the finished product feed tube. The flipping channel is used to flip the finished bolts from the screening component to a bolt head-down position. The width of the flipping channel is greater than the outer diameter of the bolt shank and smaller than the outer diameter of the washer fitted on the bolt. A limiting rod is provided, one end of which is connected to the finished product feed tube. The position of the limiting rod corresponds to the position of the flipping channel. The limiting rod is used to constrain the finished product bolt within the flipping channel.

8. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the finished product feed pipe is connected to the outlet of the defective product screening mechanism. A through groove is provided on the top wall of the finished product feed pipe along its length. An opening is provided on the side of the top wall of the finished product feed pipe away from the defective product screening mechanism.

9. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A position sensor is installed on the workbench at the opening of the finished product feed tube.

10. The bolt washer assembly and screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The finished product transfer component includes: A finished product storage box is provided on the workbench and located on one side of the finished product feed tube. A lifting telescopic rod, wherein the fixed end of the lifting telescopic rod is mounted on the worktable via a transfer fixing seat; A horizontal telescopic rod, the fixed end of which is connected to the movable end of the lifting telescopic rod, and the movable end of the horizontal telescopic rod is provided with a gripper.

Images