Variable diameter mechanical trepanning device with link control of cutter arm opening and closing

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-diameter mechanical hole forming device using a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of a cutter arm, comprising a cutter arm assembly, a control cutter assembly and a pressure assembly; the cutter arm assembly comprises a cutter arm, a driving part arranged at the rear end of the cutter arm and a mounting groove arranged at the front end of the cutter arm; the control cutter assembly comprises a control cutter rotatably connected in the mounting groove and a limiting part arranged in the mounting groove; and the driving part is provided with an unfolding part; the pressure assembly is arranged in the cutter arm. The application remarkably improves the practicability and reliability of the variable-diameter hole forming through the cooperation of the connecting rod transmission and multiple assemblies. The cutter arm can be flexibly connected in series through a conical table and a concave groove, and is suitable for the hole forming requirements of different depths. The friction layer and the spline structure ensure synchronous operation after the connection in series, and there is no relative rotation and movement, thereby effectively ensuring the hole forming precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of mechanical cavity-creating tools, and more particularly to a variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device that uses a linkage to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering fields such as downhole drilling and mining, mechanical hole-making devices are core equipment for achieving borehole diameter expansion and irregular hole formation, and their performance directly affects operational efficiency and project quality. Existing mechanical hole-making devices mostly employ fixed-diameter cutter head designs or control the opening and closing of the cutter arm through complex hydraulic pipelines, which have significant limitations: fixed-diameter devices cannot adapt to the needs of hole-making with different diameters, requiring frequent cutter head replacements, which are cumbersome and time-consuming; complex hydraulic control devices are bulky, have poor adaptability to downhole spaces, and are prone to pipeline wear and leakage, resulting in high maintenance costs. Furthermore, most devices lack effective cooling and slag removal mechanisms, and the cutter head is prone to wear due to high temperatures during hole-making, with rock debris accumulation easily causing drill bit jamming and affecting operational continuity.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing variable-diameter cavity-forming devices suffer from insufficient precision in controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arms. The linkage transmission is prone to jamming or stroke deviation, leading to inaccurate cavity diameter adjustment. Furthermore, the series stability of the cutter arms is poor; when multiple cutter arms operate in tandem, relative rotation or axial movement can easily occur, making it difficult to guarantee cavity-forming accuracy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device that utilizes linkage control to open and close the cutter arms. This device should be compact, have reliable transmission, precise adjustment, and also possess cooling and slag removal functions. It aims to solve the technical problems of poor adaptability, complex operation, and insufficient operational stability of existing equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device that uses a linkage to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device that uses a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device that uses a linkage to control the opening and closing of a cutter arm, comprising: a cutter arm assembly, including a cutter arm, a driving component disposed at the rear end of the cutter arm, and a mounting groove disposed at the front end of the cutter arm; a control cutter assembly, including a control cutter rotatably connected to the mounting groove and a limiting component disposed in the mounting groove, wherein the driving component is provided with an unfolding component; and a pressure component disposed within the cutter arm.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod according to the present invention, wherein: a conical platform is provided at one end of the cutter arm near the mounting groove, and a drill rod connector is detachably connected to one end of the cutter arm near the driving component. A concave groove is provided on the drill rod connector. The size of the conical platform matches the size of the concave groove, and several cutter arms can be connected to each other. A friction layer is provided on the conical platform.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod as described in this invention, wherein: the mounting groove is provided through the cutter arm, the middle section of the control cutter is hinged in the mounting groove, both ends of the control cutter are provided with cutter heads, and a cutting surface is formed between the cutter head and the control cutter; when the control cutter is hidden in the mounting groove, the cutting surface is flush with the groove opening of the mounting groove.

[0010] A rotating groove is provided on one of the side walls of the control knife. The rotating groove includes a first side wall, a second side wall, and an arc-shaped side wall connecting the first side wall and the second side wall. The angle between the first side wall and the control knife side wall is greater than the angle between the second side wall and the control knife side wall.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod according to the present invention, the driving component includes a driving groove body disposed at the rear end of the cutter arm, a driving plate slidably connected in the driving groove body, a driving shaft disposed on the driving plate, and a mold spring disposed in the driving groove body. One end of the mold spring is connected to the driving plate, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the driving groove body. An insertion hole for the driving shaft to extend is provided between the driving groove body and the mounting groove body. A connecting rod is hinged to the other end of the driving shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged in the rotating groove.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in this invention, the limiting member includes a first stop and a second stop disposed in the mounting groove. The first stop and the second stop are disposed opposite to each other. The second stop is disposed near the rear end of the cutter arm, and the first stop is disposed near the front end of the cutter arm. The distance between the first stop and the second stop matches the width of the control cutter.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod according to the present invention, wherein: a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface are provided on both the first stop and the second stop.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod according to the present invention, the pressure component includes an insertion hole opened on the drill rod connector, the insertion hole communicating with a concave groove and a drive groove, a water injection hole opened on the side wall of the insertion hole, an annular water groove opened between the cutter arm and the drill rod connector, a plurality of water passage grooves communicating with the annular water grooves opened inside the cutter arm, a medium water groove opened inside the conical platform, the medium water groove communicating with the plurality of water passage grooves, and a water outlet hole opened on the conical platform.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod according to the present invention, wherein: the connecting rod includes connecting sections at both ends and a flexible cavity disposed in the middle of the connecting sections, the unfolding component is disposed in the flexible cavity, the unfolding component includes a receiving groove connected to one of the connecting sections, a first unfolding block rotatably connected to the receiving groove, a second unfolding block rotatably connected to the first unfolding block, and an end block rotatably connected to the second unfolding block, the end block being connected to the other connecting section, and an extension side plate being provided at one end of the receiving groove near the first unfolding block.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod as described in this invention, wherein: a first intermediate rod is provided between the first unfolding block and the second unfolding block, one end of the first intermediate rod is hinged to the extension side plate, and the other end is hinged to the second unfolding block, a pointed plate extends from the second unfolding block, the pointed plate is hinged to the first unfolding block, a second intermediate rod is rotatably connected to one end of the first unfolding block, and the other end of the second intermediate rod is hinged to the rear end of the end block.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod as described in this invention, wherein: a control cylinder is provided on the receiving groove, and the cylinder shaft of the control cylinder is hinged to the first unfolding block.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention significantly improves the practicality and reliability of variable-diameter cavity creation through linkage transmission and multi-component collaborative design. The cutter arm can be flexibly connected in series via a conical platform and a concave groove to adapt to different cavity creation depths. The friction layer and spline structure ensure synchronous operation after series connection, without relative rotation or axial movement, effectively guaranteeing cavity creation accuracy. The linkage and drive components work together to achieve precise control of the cutter's opening and closing. Combined with the unfolding component, the cavity diameter can be adjusted in multiple stages, providing a wide range of adaptability and eliminating the need for frequent component replacements, greatly improving operational efficiency. The pressure component serves a dual purpose: providing stable hydraulic power for the cutter arm's opening and closing, and also spraying high-pressure water for cooling, slag removal, and borehole wall protection, extending the cutter head's service life and significantly reducing the risk of stuck drill and borehole collapse. The overall structure is compact, easy to assemble and disassemble, highly adaptable to downhole space, and has low maintenance costs, making it widely applicable to various cavity creation scenarios such as mining and downhole engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device of the present invention, which utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device of the present invention, which utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the control cutter deployment state of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device that utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control cutter deployment state of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device that utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water channel of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device that utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the unfolded component of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device that utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged diagram of part A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded component of the variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device of the present invention, which utilizes a connecting rod to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, cutter arm assembly; 101, cutter arm; 102, drive component; 103, mounting groove; 200, control cutter assembly; 201, control cutter; 202, limiting component; 203, unfolding component; 104, conical platform; 105, drill rod connector; 106, concave groove; 107, rotating groove; 1071, first sidewall; 1072, second sidewall; 1073, arc-shaped sidewall; 1021, drive groove; 1022, drive plate; 1023, drive shaft; 1024, mold spring; 1025, connecting rod; 2021 1021. First stop block; 2022. Second stop block; 300. Pressure component; 301. Insertion hole; 302. Water injection hole; 303. Annular water tank; 304. Water passage tank; 305. Medium water tank; 306. Water outlet hole; 10251. Connecting section; 10252. Flexible cavity; 2031. Receiving tank; 2032. First unfolding block; 2033. Second unfolding block; 2034. End block; 2035. Extended side plate; 2036. First intermediate rod; 2037. Tip plate; 2038. Second intermediate rod; 2039. Control cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0032] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Reference Figures 1-8 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a variable-diameter mechanical cavity-making device that uses a linkage to control the opening and closing of the cutter arm. The device includes a cutter arm assembly 100, which serves as the basic support and core unit for cavity-making. In this embodiment, the cutter arm assembly 100 includes a cutter arm 101, a drive component 102 disposed at the rear end of the cutter arm 101, and a mounting groove 103 disposed at the front end of the cutter arm 101. The cutter arm assembly 100 is used to realize the cutting and cavity-making of downhole drilling, and at the same time provides a mounting foundation for the control cutter assembly 200 and the pressure assembly 300, ensuring the power transmission and structural stability of the cavity-making operation.

[0035] Furthermore, a conical pedestal 104 is integrally formed at one end of the cutter arm 101 near the mounting groove 103, and a drill rod connector 105 is detachably connected to the other end of the cutter arm 101 near the drive component 102. A concave groove 106 is provided on the drill rod connector 105, and the size of the conical pedestal 104 matches the size of the concave groove 106. Several cutter arms 101 can be connected in series through the insertion and engagement of the conical pedestal 104 and the concave groove 106. A friction layer is provided on the outer surface of the conical pedestal 104.

[0036] Preferably, the drill pipe connector 105 has an external thread structure at its end, which can be fastened to the drill pipe used in downhole operations through threads, so as to realize the stable transmission of the rotational power of the drill pipe to the cutter arm 101. The concave groove 106 is opened at the center of the front end of the drill pipe connector 105. The inner wall of the groove is machined with an internal spline structure, and the outer wall of the conical platform 104 is machined with an external spline structure that matches the internal spline. When multiple cutter arms 101 are connected in series, the conical platform 104 of the previous cutter arm 101 is inserted into the concave groove 106 of the next cutter arm 101. The spline structure realizes circumferential limiting, which avoids relative rotation between the cutter arms 101 during series operation, and ensures that multiple sets of cutter arms 101 rotate synchronously to create holes. The friction layer on the outer surface of the conical platform 104 is formed by hard alloy welding, which can increase the contact surface friction when the cutter arms 101 are connected in series, avoid axial movement, and at the same time, the number of cutter arms 101 connected in series can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the hole creation depth requirements, which can adapt to hole creation operations of different drilling depths.

[0037] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a control blade assembly 200, which is a variable diameter execution unit for cavity creation operations, used to achieve flexible adjustment of cavity diameter and precise cutting of hole wall. In this embodiment, the control blade assembly 200 includes a control blade 201 rotatably connected in the mounting groove 103, a limiting member 202 disposed in the mounting groove 103, and an unfolding member 203 disposed in the driving member 102.

[0038] Preferably, the mounting groove 103 is radially through the cutter arm 101, and the middle section of the control cutter 201 is rotatably connected to the mounting groove 103 via a hinge pin, allowing the control cutter 201 to rotate around the hinge pin within the mounting groove 103 to achieve the opening and closing action of retracting and unfolding. Both ends of the control cutter 201 are integrally formed with cutter heads, and a cutting surface is formed between the cutter head and the body of the control cutter 201. When the control cutter 201 is completely retracted and hidden in the mounting groove 103, the cutting surface is flush with the groove opening of the mounting groove 103, so that the cutter arm 101 as a whole forms a smooth cylindrical outer contour, which can be smoothly moved up and down in the drilling hole, avoiding the problem of the cutter head scraping the hole wall and causing the drill to get stuck.

[0039] Furthermore, a rotating groove 107 is formed on the side wall of the control blade 201. The rotating groove 107 includes a first side wall 1071, a second side wall 1072, and an arc-shaped side wall 1073 connecting the first side wall 1071 and the second side wall 1072. The angle between the first side wall 1071 and the side wall of the control blade 201 is greater than the angle between the second side wall 1072 and the side wall of the control blade 201. The rotating groove 107 provides a space for the hinge and transmission of the connecting rod 1025. The asymmetrical side wall design can precisely limit the rotation stroke of the connecting rod 1025, thereby precisely controlling the unfolding angle of the control blade 201 and realizing graded adjustment of the cavity diameter.

[0040] Furthermore, the drive component 102 is a power transmission and control unit for controlling the opening and closing of the blade 201. It is used to drive the blade 201 to complete the retraction and unfolding actions through the connecting rod 1025 structure. In this embodiment, the drive component 102 includes a drive groove 1021 opened at the rear end of the blade arm 101, a drive plate 1022 slidably connected in the drive groove 1021, a drive shaft 1023 set on the drive plate 1022, and a mold spring 1024 set in the drive groove 1021. One end of the mold spring 1024 is fixedly connected to the end face of the drive plate 1022, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drive groove 1021. An insertion hole for the drive shaft 1023 to extend is opened between the drive groove 1021 and the mounting groove 103. A connecting rod 1025 is hinged to the other end of the drive shaft 1023, and the other end of the connecting rod 1025 is hinged in the rotation groove 107 of the control blade 201.

[0041] Preferably, the drive groove 1021 is a blind hole cavity opened along the axial direction of the cutter arm 101, and the drive plate 1022 is a circular plate structure with its outer wall clearance fitting with the inner wall of the drive groove 1021, allowing it to slide smoothly along the axial direction of the drive groove 1021. The mold spring 1024 is made of high-strength chromium vanadium steel, which always provides the drive plate 1022 with an elastic preload towards the rear end of the cutter arm 101. In the non-cavitation state, the mold spring 1024 pushes the drive plate 1022 to the rear end position of the drive groove 1021, and pulls the control cutter 201 through the drive shaft 1023 and the connecting rod 1025, keeping it retracted within the mounting groove 103, thus preventing the cutter arm from... During the lifting and lowering process of 101, the control cutter 201 is unexpectedly extended. When cavity creation is required, the pressure medium pushes the drive plate 1022 to overcome the elastic force of the mold spring 1024 and slide forward, driving the drive shaft 1023 to move forward synchronously. Through the connecting rod 1025, the control cutter 201 is pushed to rotate around the hinge pin, so that the two ends of the control cutter 201 are extended from the mounting groove 103. When the cutter arm 101 rotates, the extended cutter head cuts the hole wall to realize hole enlargement and cavity creation. By controlling the sliding stroke of the drive plate 1022, the extension angle of the control cutter 201 can be precisely adjusted, thereby adjusting the cavity diameter and realizing stepless variable adjustment of the cavity size to adapt to the cavity creation requirements of different working conditions.

[0042] Furthermore, the limiting member 202 is a limiting and protective unit for the opening and closing action of the control blade 201. It is used to limit the rotation stroke of the control blade 201 and avoid deviations in cavity size and structural damage caused by excessive or insufficient opening angle. In this embodiment, the limiting member 202 includes a first stop 2021 and a second stop 2022 fixedly disposed in the mounting groove. The first stop 2021 and the second stop 2022 are disposed opposite to each other. The second stop 2022 is disposed near the rear end of the blade arm 101, and the first stop 2021 is disposed near the front end of the blade arm 101 (wherein the front end of the blade arm 101 is the end not hinged to the connecting rod 1025, and the rear end of the blade arm 101 is the end hinged to the connecting rod 1025). The distance between the first stop 2021 and the second stop 2022 matches the width of the control blade 201.

[0043] Preferably, both the first stop 2021 and the second stop 2022 are provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface. The first inclined surface is oriented towards the unfolding direction of the control blade 201, and the second inclined surface is oriented towards the retracting direction of the control blade 201. When the control blade 201 is unfolded to its maximum design angle, the side of the control blade 201 is in contact with the side of the second stop 2022 and the first stop 2021, forming a hard limit to prevent the control blade 201 from over-unfolding, which could cause the connecting rod 1025 to jam or damage the hinge structure. When the control blade 201 is fully retracted, the body of the control blade 201 is again held in place by the gap between the first stop 2021 and the second stop 2022, ensuring that the control blade 201 is fully retracted into the mounting groove 103 with its cut surface flush with the groove opening. This also prevents over-extension impacts during retraction, protecting the blade head and the hinge structure. The inclination angles of the first and second inclined surfaces can be customized according to the design opening and closing angle of the control blade 201, ensuring precise limiting.

[0044] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a pressure component 300, which is a power drive and operation assistance unit of the device. On the one hand, it provides hydraulic power for the movement of the drive component 102, and on the other hand, it realizes cooling, slag removal and hole wall protection during the hole-making process. In this embodiment, the pressure component 300 is set inside the cutter arm 101. The pressure component 300 includes an insertion hole 301 opened on the drill rod connector 105. The insertion hole 301 connects the concave groove 106 and the drive groove 1021. A water injection hole 302 is opened on the side wall of the insertion hole 301. An annular water groove 303 is opened between the cutter arm 101 and the drill rod connector 105. A plurality of water passage grooves 304 connected to the annular water groove 303 are opened inside the cutter arm 101. A medium water groove 305 is opened inside the conical platform 104. The medium water groove 305 is connected to the plurality of water passage grooves 304. A water outlet hole 306 is opened on the conical platform 104.

[0045] Preferably, the insertion hole 301 is opened along the axial direction of the cutter arm 101 and is coaxially connected with the central water hole of the drill rod (the drill rod and the central water hole are existing technologies, in which a central water hole is opened at the axis of the drill rod). During downhole operations, high-pressure water can enter the insertion hole 301 through the central water hole of the drill rod. A portion of the high-pressure water acts on the end face of the drive plate 1022 through the insertion hole 301, pushing the drive plate 1022 to slide forward against the elastic force of the mold spring 1024, providing hydraulic power for the unfolding of the control cutter 201. By adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure water, the sliding stroke of the drive plate 1022 can be precisely controlled, thereby adjusting the unfolding angle of the control cutter 201 to achieve the goal of creating a cavity. The pressure of the borehole is infinitely adjustable, making operation convenient and eliminating the need for downhole disassembly and adjustment. Another portion of the high-pressure water enters the annular water tank 303 through the water injection hole 302, then passes through the water passage 304 and the medium water tank 305, and finally sprays out from the water outlet 306 of the conical platform 104. The high-pressure water flow can continuously flush the cutter head and borehole wall, promptly removing the coal slag and rock powder generated during borehole creation and avoiding problems such as drill bit jamming and accelerated cutter head wear caused by slag accumulation. At the same time, the high-pressure water flow can continuously cool the cutter head and control cutter 201, avoiding high-temperature annealing of the cutter head during cutting operations, extending the service life of the cutter, and also providing wet protection for the borehole wall, reducing the risk of borehole collapse and improving the safety and continuity of downhole borehole creation operations.

[0046] Furthermore, the connecting rod 1025 includes connecting sections 10251 at both ends and a flexible cavity 10252 disposed in the middle of the connecting sections 10251. The unfolding component 203 is disposed in the flexible cavity 10252. The unfolding component 203 is an auxiliary hole-expanding execution unit for controlling the knife 201, used to realize secondary diameter expansion and precise forming of irregular hole walls in the hole-making operation, thereby improving the adaptability and forming effect of the hole-making operation. In this embodiment, the unfolding component 203 includes a receiving groove 2031 connected to one of the connecting sections 10251, a first unfolding block 2032 rotatably connected to the receiving groove 2031, a second unfolding block 2033 rotatably connected to the first unfolding block 2032, and an end block 2034 rotatably connected to the second unfolding block 2033. The end block 2034 is connected to the other connecting section 10251. An extension side plate 2035 is provided at the end of the receiving groove 2031 near the first unfolding block 2032.

[0047] Preferably, a first intermediate rod 2036 is provided between the first unfolding block 2032 and the second unfolding block 2033. One end of the first intermediate rod 2036 is hinged to the extension side plate 2035, and the other end is hinged to the second unfolding block 2033. A pointed plate 2037 extends from the second unfolding block 2033 and is hinged to the first unfolding block 2032. A second intermediate rod 2038 is rotatably connected to one end of the first unfolding block 2032, and the other end of the second intermediate rod 2038 is hinged to the rear end of the end block 2034. Through the linkage and cooperation of the first intermediate rod 2036, the second intermediate rod 2038 and multiple sets of unfolding blocks, multi-level folding and unfolding of the unfolding component 203 can be realized. Based on the unfolding of the control blade 201, the blade head orientation can be further adjusted to expand the radial dimension of the cavity.

[0048] Preferably, a control cylinder 2039 is installed on the receiving groove 2031, and the cylinder shaft of the control cylinder 2039 is hinged to the first unfolding block 2032. By controlling the extension and retraction of the control cylinder 2039, the first unfolding block 2032 can be precisely driven to rotate, and then the second unfolding block 2033 and the end block 2034 can be driven to complete synchronous unfolding and retraction through the linkage structure, so as to achieve precise control of the unfolding range. The diameter expansion size can be flexibly adjusted according to the cavity creation requirements, further improving the diameter change adaptation range of the device and meeting the needs of irregular cavity creation and multi-stage hole expansion operations under different working conditions.

[0049] Operation process: First, determine the number of cutter arms 101 in series based on the designed cavity depth and cavity diameter of the downhole drilling. Insert the conical platform 104 of the previous cutter arm 101 into the concave groove 106 of the drill pipe connector 105 of the next cutter arm 101. Complete the circumferential limiting through the spline structure, and then complete the axial fixing through the fastening bolts to realize the series assembly of multiple cutter arms 101. Connect the drill pipe connector 105 of the last cutter arm 101 to the downhole drilling pipe through thread fastening to ensure that the central water hole of the drill pipe is coaxially connected with the insertion hole 301 of the cutter arm 101, and complete the pre-hole assembly of the device.

[0050] The assembled device is then lowered into the borehole along with the drill rod until the cutter arm 101 reaches the designed cavity-making position. At this point, the control cutter 201 is in a retracted state, with its cut surface flush with the opening of the mounting groove 103. After reaching the cavity-making position, the ground high-pressure water pump is turned on, injecting high-pressure water into the central water hole of the drill rod. After the high-pressure water enters the insertion hole 301 of the cutter arm 101, a portion of it pushes the drive plate 1022 to slide forward against the elastic force of the mold spring 1024, driving the drive shaft 1023 to move forward synchronously. Through the connecting rod 1025, the control cutter 201 is pushed to rotate around the hinge pin, causing the cutter heads at both ends of the control cutter 201 to unfold from the mounting groove 103. By adjusting the water supply pressure of the high-pressure water, the sliding stroke of the drive plate 1022 is precisely controlled, thereby adjusting the unfolding angle of the control cutter 201 until it reaches the unfolding angle corresponding to the designed cavity-making diameter. At this point, the control cutter 201 is limited by the first stop 2021 and the second stop 2022, thereby ensuring the stability of the unfolding angle.

[0051] Then, the ground drilling rig is started, driving the drill rod and the cutter arm 101 to rotate synchronously. The unfolded control cutter 201 cutter head rotates with the cutter arm 101, continuously cutting and enlarging the borehole wall to achieve mechanical cavity creation. During the cavity creation process, high-pressure water is continuously injected, and another part of the water flows through the water injection hole 302, the annular water tank 303, the water passage tank 304, and the medium water tank 305, and finally continuously sprays out from the water outlet hole 306 of the conical platform 104 to wash away the rock powder and coal slag produced by cutting, and discharge the slag with the water flow from the borehole. At the same time, the cutter head is continuously cooled to avoid overheating and wear.

[0052] After the cavity-making operation is completed, the water supply pressure of the high-pressure water pump is reduced, the water pressure in the insertion hole 301 is reduced, and the elastic force of the mold spring 1024 pushes the drive plate 1022 to slide backward and reset. The drive shaft 1023 and the connecting rod 1025 pull the control knife 201 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that it retracts into the installation groove 103. The cutting surface of the control knife 201 is flush with the groove opening of the installation groove 103. Then, the device is pulled out of the drill hole by the drill rod, completing the entire cavity-making operation process.

[0053] When it is necessary to adjust the cavity diameter, simply adjust the water supply pressure of the high-pressure water to change the sliding stroke of the drive plate 1022, thereby adjusting the unfolding angle of the control knife 201, so as to achieve quick switching of cavity creation operations with different diameters. There is no need to disassemble the machine to replace parts, making it highly adaptable and easy to operate.

[0054] It is important to note that the constructions and arrangements of this application shown in several different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who consult this disclosure will readily understand that many modifications are possible (e.g., changes in the size, dimensions, structure, shape, and proportions of various elements, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature or number or position of discrete elements may be changed or altered. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or rearranged according to alternative embodiments. Any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent in structure. Other substitutions, modifications, alterations, and omissions may be made in the design, operation, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended protection.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of actual embodiments (i.e., those features that are not relevant to the best mode of carrying out the invention as currently considered, or those features that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may be omitted.

[0056] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0057] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device that uses a linkage to control the opening and closing of a cutter arm, characterized in that: include: The cutter arm assembly (100) includes a cutter arm (101), a drive component (102) disposed at the rear end of the cutter arm (101), and a mounting groove (103) disposed at the front end of the cutter arm (101). The control knife assembly (200) includes a control knife (201) rotatably connected in the mounting groove (103) and a limiting member (202) disposed in the mounting groove (103). The drive member (102) is provided with an unfolding member (203). Pressure assembly (300) is disposed within the cutter arm (101).

2. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter arm (101) is provided with a conical platform (104) at one end near the mounting groove (103). The cutter arm (101) is detachably connected to a drill rod connector (105) at one end near the drive component (102). A concave groove (106) is provided on the drill rod connector (105). The size of the conical platform (104) matches the size of the concave groove (106). Several cutter arms (101) can be connected to each other. A friction layer is provided on the conical platform (104).

3. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting groove (103) is provided through the blade arm (101). The middle section of the control blade (201) is hinged in the mounting groove (103). Both ends of the control blade (201) are provided with blade heads. A cutting surface is formed between the blade head and the control blade (201). When the control blade (201) is hidden in the mounting groove (103), the cutting surface is flush with the groove opening of the mounting groove (103). The control blade (201) has a rotating groove (107) on one of its side walls. The rotating groove (107) includes a first side wall (1071), a second side wall (1072), and an arc-shaped side wall (1073) connecting the first side wall (1071) and the second side wall (1072). The angle between the first side wall (1071) and the side wall of the control blade (201) is greater than the angle between the second side wall (1072) and the side wall of the control blade (201).

4. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The driving component (102) includes a driving groove (1021) disposed at the rear end of the cutter arm (101), a driving plate (1022) slidably connected in the driving groove (1021), a driving shaft (1023) disposed on the driving plate (1022), and a mold spring (1024) disposed in the driving groove (1021). One end of the mold spring (1024) is connected to the driving plate (1022), and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the driving groove (1021). An insertion hole for the driving shaft (1023) to extend is provided between the driving groove (1021) and the mounting groove (103). A connecting rod (1025) is hinged to the other end of the driving shaft (1023), and the other end of the connecting rod (1025) is hinged in the rotating groove (107).

5. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a connecting rod as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting member (202) includes a first stop (2021) and a second stop (2022) disposed in the mounting groove (103). The first stop (2021) and the second stop (2022) are disposed opposite to each other. The second stop (2022) is disposed near the rear end of the cutter arm (101), and the first stop (2021) is disposed near the front end of the cutter arm (101). The distance between the first stop (2021) and the second stop (2022) is matched with the width of the control cutter (201).

6. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The first stop (2021) and the second stop (2022) are each provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface.

7. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure assembly (300) includes an insertion hole (301) on the drill rod connector (105), the insertion hole (301) is connected to the concave groove (106) and the drive groove (1021), a water injection hole (302) is provided on the side wall of the insertion hole (301), an annular water groove (303) is provided between the cutter arm (101) and the drill rod connector (105), a plurality of water passage grooves (304) connected to the annular water groove (303) are provided in the cutter arm (101), a medium water groove (305) is provided in the conical platform (104), the medium water groove (305) is connected to the plurality of water passage grooves (304), and a water outlet hole (306) is provided on the conical platform (104).

8. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting rod (1025) includes connecting sections (10251) at both ends and a flexible cavity (10252) disposed in the middle of the connecting sections (10251). The unfolding component (203) is disposed in the flexible cavity (10252). The unfolding component (203) includes a receiving groove (2031) connected to one of the connecting sections (10251), a first unfolding block (2032) rotatably connected to the receiving groove (2031), a second unfolding block (2033) rotatably connected to the first unfolding block (2032), and an end block (2034) rotatably connected to the second unfolding block (2033). The end block (2034) is connected to the other connecting section (10251). An extension side plate (2035) is provided at the end of the receiving groove (2031) near the first unfolding block (2032).

9. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-creating device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 8, characterized in that: A first intermediate rod (2036) is provided between the first unfolding block (2032) and the second unfolding block (2033). One end of the first intermediate rod (2036) is hinged to the extension side plate (2035), and the other end is hinged to the second unfolding block (2033). A pointed plate (2037) extends from the second unfolding block (2033), and the pointed plate (2037) is hinged to the first unfolding block (2032). A second intermediate rod (2038) is rotatably connected to one end of the first unfolding block (2032), and the other end of the second intermediate rod (2038) is hinged to the rear end of the end block (2034).

10. The variable-diameter mechanical cavity-forming device for controlling the opening and closing of the cutter arm using a linkage as described in claim 8, characterized in that: A control cylinder (2039) is provided on the receiving groove (2031), and the cylinder shaft of the control cylinder (2039) is hinged to the first unfolding block (2032).

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