Energy scheduling method and system

Abstract

The application discloses an energy scheduling method and system, relates to the technical field of power monitoring, and comprises the following steps: acquiring an environmental temperature parameter, an icing thickness parameter and a current state of charge parameter, and determining a target working state; performing a hysteresis comparison operation on a state switching boundary in combination with a historical working state to generate a stable working state instruction; acquiring a future vibration energy prediction value, and distributing a power quota to each subsystem; performing a priority reporting operation on icing alarm data according to a task priority; and performing a double-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameter to generate a degradation protection instruction or a self-recovery instruction. The application reasonably schedules power according to multi-dimensional parameters and energy prediction, and guarantees that icing alarm data is reported in priority and the system runs smoothly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power monitoring technology, and in particular to energy dispatching methods and systems. Background Technology

[0002] The self-powered icing monitoring device is installed on power transmission lines in the field, relying on piezoelectric vibrators to collect energy generated by conductor vibrations for power supply. Conductor vibration is affected by wind shear and galloping, causing the output power of the vibration-generated electricity to fluctuate significantly depending on the excitation conditions. The power consumption requirements of the icing monitoring device vary significantly under different operating conditions; power consumption is extremely low during normal inspections, but extremely high during icing periods for heating and de-icing, and alarm transmission. Multiple subsystems compete for power disorderly when resources are limited; the high-power heating subsystem can easily crowd out the transmission current of the communication subsystem, preventing the transmission of critical icing alarm data.

[0003] When power generation drops sharply, the lack of load constraint mechanisms makes the system prone to shutdown due to deep power outages. When power generation recovers, the lack of control over the order of load recovery means that transient high currents can easily pull down the energy storage voltage again, causing the system to restart repeatedly. Traditional self-powered management methods lack the ability to predict the potential for vibration-driven power generation and to determine multi-dimensional states. They cannot ensure priority reporting of alarms when energy is scarce, nor can they rationally allocate power when there is an energy surplus. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned problems, this application is hereby filed.

[0005] Therefore, this application provides an energy scheduling method and system that can solve the problems of system power loss and alarm loss caused by vibration energy fluctuations and power consumption competition among multiple subsystems in self-powered icing monitoring.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides an energy dispatching method, including: in response to a wake-up trigger signal of a self-powered icing monitoring system, acquiring ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters; Based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters, the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system is determined. The target operating state includes normal monitoring state, icing monitoring state, ice melting control state, or extreme degradation state. Based on the target working state and the historical working state, a hysteresis comparison operation is performed on the state transition boundary to generate a stable working state instruction. In response to the command for stable operating state, the system obtains the predicted value of future vibration energy and allocates power quotas to each subsystem based on the predicted value of future vibration energy and the current state of charge parameters. During the process of allocating power quotas to each subsystem, priority reporting of icing alarm data is performed according to task priority. Perform a dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters to generate a degradation protection command or an autonomous recovery command.

[0007] Preferably, determining the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters includes: In response to the current state of charge parameter being greater than the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter being less than the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter being greater than the first temperature threshold, the target working state is determined to be the normal monitoring state. In response to the fact that the icing thickness parameter is greater than the first icing thickness threshold, the ambient temperature parameter is less than the first temperature threshold, and the current state of charge parameter is greater than the second state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the icing monitoring state, and the second state of charge threshold is less than the first state of charge threshold. In response to the ice thickness parameter being greater than the second ice thickness threshold and the current state of charge parameter being greater than the third state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the ice melting control state, where the second ice thickness threshold is greater than the first ice thickness threshold and the third state of charge threshold is greater than the second state of charge threshold. In response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second state of charge threshold, the target operating state is determined to be an extreme degraded state.

[0008] Preferably, determining the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters includes: In response to the current state of charge parameter being greater than the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter being less than the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter being greater than the first temperature threshold, the target working state is determined to be the normal monitoring state. In response to the fact that the icing thickness parameter is greater than the first icing thickness threshold, the ambient temperature parameter is less than the first temperature threshold, and the current state of charge parameter is greater than the second state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the icing monitoring state, and the second state of charge threshold is less than the first state of charge threshold. In response to the ice thickness parameter being greater than the second ice thickness threshold and the current state of charge parameter being greater than the third state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the ice melting control state, where the second ice thickness threshold is greater than the first ice thickness threshold and the third state of charge threshold is greater than the second state of charge threshold. In response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second state of charge threshold, the target operating state is determined to be an extreme degraded state.

[0009] Preferably, obtaining the predicted value of future vibration energy includes: Acquire historical vibration time-series data collected by the piezoelectric vibrator and historical wind speed data collected by the wind speed sensor in the self-powered icing monitoring system; Perform frequency domain transformation on historical vibration time series data to extract the dominant frequency component and amplitude extreme value of vibration. Based on the correspondence between historical wind speed data and vibration dominant frequency components, a wind speed-vibration mapping relationship between wind speed amplitude and vibration frequency amplitude is constructed. The current wind speed sampling value is obtained, and based on the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship and amplitude extreme value, the vibration power generation within a preset period is predicted as the future vibration energy prediction value.

[0010] Preferably, the allocation of power quotas to each subsystem based on predicted future vibration energy and current state of charge parameters includes: Acquire the basic power consumption parameters of each subsystem under stable operating conditions. Each subsystem includes a sensing and acquisition subsystem, a communication subsystem, and a heating and ice-melting subsystem. The total available energy of the self-powered icing monitoring system is calculated based on the sum of the predicted future vibration energy and the current state of charge parameters. The energy surplus value is obtained by performing a difference operation between the total available energy of the system and the sum of the basic power consumption parameters of each subsystem; In response to an energy surplus value greater than zero, the energy surplus value is allocated to the heating and ice-melting subsystem and the communication subsystem according to a preset ratio, generating power quotas for each subsystem.

[0011] Preferably, in response to an energy surplus value greater than zero, the energy surplus value is allocated to the heating and melting subsystem and the communication subsystem according to a preset ratio to generate power quotas for each subsystem, including: In response to the stable operating state being the icing monitoring state, the first current quota of the communication subsystem and the second current quota of the heating and de-icing subsystem are obtained; A comparison operation is performed between the first current quota and the minimum communication power consumption requirement of the communication subsystem; In response to the first current quota being less than the minimum communication requirement power consumption, the difference is deducted from the second current quota based on the difference between the minimum communication requirement power consumption and the first current quota. The second current quota after deducting the difference is used as the updated heating quota, and the minimum communication power consumption is used as the updated communication quota. Power quotas for each subsystem are generated based on the updated heating quota and the updated communication quota.

[0012] Preferably, the step of prioritizing the reporting of icing alarm data based on task priority includes: Retrieve the data to be sent from the communication buffer queue. The data to be sent includes icing alarm data and regular monitoring data. Icing alarm data is assigned a first priority label, and routine monitoring data is assigned a second priority label. The first priority label has a higher priority than the second priority label. Based on the first priority identifier and the second priority identifier, the data to be sent is sorted in the communication buffer queue, and the icing alarm data is arranged before the regular monitoring data. In response to the arrival of the transmission time slot of the communication subsystem, the icing alarm data is extracted first and the transmission operation is performed according to the result of the sorting operation.

[0013] Preferably, the step of extracting icing alarm data according to the result of the sorting operation and performing the sending operation includes: Obtain the trend of future vibration energy prediction values, including both upward and downward energy trends; In response to the changing trend of decreasing energy, a down-frequency extraction operation is performed on the regular monitoring data to obtain down-frequency regular data; The reassembled data packet is generated based on the combination order of the down-frequency regular data and the icing alarm data, and the icing alarm data is placed in the header of the reassembled data packet. Adjust the transmission power of the reassembled data packets according to the power quota of the communication subsystem, and then execute the transmission operation.

[0014] Preferably, the step of performing a dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters to generate a degradation protection command or an autonomous recovery command includes: Obtain a first charge protection threshold and a second charge protection threshold, wherein the first charge protection threshold is greater than the second charge protection threshold; The current state of charge parameters are compared with the second charge protection threshold to generate the first comparison result. In response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second charge protection threshold, a degradation protection command is generated. The degradation protection command is used to shut down the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem, and to restrict the communication subsystem to only send icing alarm data. Obtain the subsequent state of charge parameters after the degradation protection command is generated, and compare the subsequent state of charge parameters with the first state of charge protection threshold.

[0015] Preferably, the comparison operation between the subsequent state-of-charge parameters and the first charge protection threshold includes: In response to subsequent state-of-charge parameters exceeding the first charge protection threshold, an autonomous recovery command is generated. In response to the autonomous recovery command, the power supply to the sensing and acquisition subsystem is restored, and the current ice thickness parameter is obtained; A subsystem recovery strategy is generated by comparing the current icing thickness parameter with the first icing thickness threshold. Based on the subsystem recovery strategy, the power quotas of the heating and de-icing subsystem and the communication subsystem are restored step by step.

[0016] Preferably, the step of comparing the current icing thickness parameter with the first icing thickness threshold to generate a subsystem recovery strategy includes: In response to the current ice thickness parameter being less than the first ice thickness threshold, a normal recovery strategy is generated. The normal recovery strategy indicates that the power quota is restored in the order of the sensing acquisition subsystem, the communication subsystem, and the heating and de-icing subsystem. An emergency recovery strategy is generated in response to the current icing thickness parameter being greater than or equal to the first icing thickness threshold; Based on the emergency recovery strategy, the power quota of the communication subsystem is restored to the maximum allowable quota; Obtain the current load status of the communication subsystem, and based on the current load status, allocate the remaining available power quota to the sensing and acquisition subsystem.

[0017] Preferably, in response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second charge protection threshold, a degradation protection command is generated. This degradation protection command is used to shut down the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem, and to restrict the communication subsystem to only send icing alarm data, including: In response to the degradation protection command, the minimum sleep maintenance power consumption and transmit transient power consumption of the communication subsystem are obtained; The ultimate survival current threshold is calculated based on the minimum sleep sustaining power consumption and the transmit transient power consumption. The discharge current of the current state of charge parameters is compared with the ultimate survival current threshold. In response to the discharge current exceeding the ultimate survival current threshold, the radio frequency transmission path of the communication subsystem is cut off, while only the clock monitoring path of the microcontroller is retained.

[0018] Secondly, this application also provides an energy dispatching system, including: a parameter acquisition module, a state determination module, a hysteresis comparison module, a power allocation module, a priority reporting module, and a dual threshold protection module; The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire ambient temperature parameters, ice thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters in response to the wake-up trigger signal of the self-powered icing monitoring system. The status determination module is used to determine the target operating status of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters. The target operating status includes normal monitoring status, icing monitoring status, icing melting control status, or extreme degradation status. The hysteresis comparison module is used to perform hysteresis comparison operations on the state transition boundary based on the target working state and the historical working state, and generate a stable working state instruction. The power allocation module is used to respond to stable operating state commands, obtain future vibration energy prediction values, and allocate power quotas to each subsystem based on the future vibration energy prediction values ​​and current state of charge parameters. The priority reporting module is used to perform priority reporting of icing alarm data according to task priority during the process of allocating power quotas to each subsystem. The dual-threshold protection module is used to perform dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters and generate degradation protection command or autonomous recovery command.

[0019] The beneficial effects of implementing this application are as follows: This application provides an energy scheduling method and system. Based on ambient temperature, icing thickness, and current state of charge, this application performs multi-dimensional state judgment, combined with hysteresis comparison operations, to prevent frequent jitter during state transitions and avoid energy waste caused by frequent hardware start-ups and shutdowns. It introduces future vibration energy prediction values ​​to allocate power quotas, ensuring that power allocation matches future energy income and expenditure. Prioritizing icing alarm data reporting based on task priority prevents alarm loss caused by the heating subsystem occupying communication current. Dual threshold discrimination operations generate degradation protection commands or autonomous recovery commands, preventing repeated restarts during deep system power outages and recovery moments, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the self-powered icing monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the energy dispatching method involved in this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the dual-threshold discrimination operation of the energy scheduling method involved in this application; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the data dependencies and flow relationships between the key parameters and logic modules of the energy scheduling method involved in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an energy scheduling method, including: S1, in response to the wake-up trigger signal of the self-powered icing monitoring system, acquires ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters and current state of charge parameters; It should be noted that the self-powered icing monitoring system relies on a variety of physical quantities for state determination and energy scheduling during operation. Ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters are the core basic inputs that determine the subsequent working state division and power quota allocation. Specifically, in response to the wake-up trigger signal of the self-powered icing monitoring system, the parameter acquisition operation begins. The wake-up trigger signal is generated by a timer overflow event or a level transition event of an external interrupt pin. When acquiring the ambient temperature parameter, the digital register of the temperature sensor arranged inside the monitoring terminal is read, and the read digital value is converted into a Celsius temperature value according to the scaling factor given in the sensor manual. The ambient temperature parameter reflects the thermodynamic conditions of icing around the conductor. When obtaining the icing thickness parameter, a starting ranging command is sent to the laser ranging sensor, and the ranging pulse duration width is received. Half of the product of the ranging pulse duration width and the speed of light is calculated as the actual distance from the sensor to the icing surface of the conductor. The icing thickness parameter is calculated by using the difference between the nominal distance and the actual distance in the non-icing state. The icing thickness parameter characterizes the current mechanical load and safety risk level of the transmission line. When obtaining the current state of charge parameters, the analog voltage across the energy storage capacitor is read, and the analog voltage is converted into a digital voltage value through an analog-to-digital converter. The open-circuit voltage method is used to look up the table to obtain the state of charge percentage value corresponding to the digital voltage value. The current state of charge parameters reflect the current available power resources of the system. It should be noted that the acquisition of the three parameters must be synchronized in time, that is, all parameters must be collected and converted within the same wake-up cycle to avoid deviations in state judgment due to time differences. For example, in a low-temperature environment in the field, after the microcontroller is woken up by a timer interrupt, it sequentially triggers the temperature sensor and the laser rangefinder to power on. After waiting for 50 milliseconds for the sensors to stabilize, it continuously samples the analog voltage five times and takes the average value. Then, it timestamps the sampling results and stores them in memory to ensure that the ambient temperature parameter, ice thickness parameter, and current state of charge parameter are at the same time reference. Furthermore, regarding the current state of charge parameters, it should be noted that if a supercapacitor is used as the energy storage element, the open-circuit voltage method needs to introduce voltage drop compensation based on the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor. That is, the digital voltage value is collected after the last discharge ends and the system has been stationary for a preset time to eliminate measurement errors caused by polarization effects. In boundary case handling, if the distance pulse duration returned by the laser ranging sensor exceeds the reasonable range, it is determined that the current measurement state is invalid due to dense fog or obstruction. In this case, the historical ice thickness parameter from the previous wake-up cycle is used as a substitute input to prevent abnormal data from causing erroneous state machine switching. The parameter acquisition results will directly affect the determination logic of the target working state in step S2 and the power quota allocation benchmark in step S4. If there is a deviation in parameter acquisition, it will lead to a mismatch between the subsequent energy dispatch strategy and the actual physical demand, thereby causing system power outages or alarm loss. In practice, the acquisition of ambient temperature parameters also needs to take into account the temperature rise caused by the sensor's own heating. Especially when the system has just switched from a high-power de-icing control state to a low-power state, the temperature sensor is affected by the residual heat of the surrounding heating resistor, and the temperature value read may be higher than the actual ambient temperature, which may lead to a misjudgment of the risk of icing. To eliminate thermal inertia interference, before reading the temperature sensor digital register, it is necessary to determine whether the system was in the ice melting control state at the previous moment. If so, after waking up, a heat dissipation waiting period of no less than 2 seconds should be executed before triggering the temperature sampling operation, or a thermal attenuation compensation coefficient should be introduced during the calculation to correct the read digital value. Similarly, in strong winds, the acquisition of icing thickness parameters is prone to laser ranging spot shift due to the violent galloping of the conductor, causing drastic fluctuations in the ranging pulse duration. To address this anomaly, if the range of the sampled values ​​exceeds a set threshold during five consecutive samplings, the conductor is determined to be in a galloping state. In this case, a median filtering algorithm is used instead of the arithmetic mean algorithm. The median of the five sampled values ​​is then sorted and taken as the final ranging result, thus eliminating the gross error caused by the spot shift. The acquisition of current state of charge parameters is also affected by the transient current during charging and discharging. When the energy storage capacitor is in the high-current discharge stage, the voltage drop across the capacitor's internal resistance will cause the terminal voltage to be significantly lower than the static open-circuit voltage. If the voltage during the subsystem's operation is directly sampled, the actual available energy will be underestimated. Therefore, the sample-and-hold circuit must be triggered to capture the voltage the instant the subsystem enters the sleep state, or the discharge current must be detected synchronously using a current sensor, and the sampled voltage must be compensated and corrected by calculating the product of the current and the internal resistance. These meticulous physical quantity processing procedures ensure that the parameters input to the state machine can truly reflect the physical objective state of the transmission line and the system. In this application, the thermal attenuation compensation coefficient is obtained by calculating the thermal resistance of the sensor package and the heat flux density of the heating power consumption, and the preset duration is obtained by testing the relaxation time constant of the supercapacitor.

[0024] S2. Based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters, determine the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system. The target operating state includes normal monitoring state, icing monitoring state, de-icing control state, or extreme degradation state. Self-powered icing monitoring systems face complex field environments, with significant differences in energy requirements under different operating conditions. In order to ensure the system's survival and core function operation under energy-constrained conditions, it is necessary to finely classify the system's operating status based on multi-dimensional parameters, thereby providing a basis for decision-making in subsequent power allocation and task scheduling.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, determining the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters includes: S21, in response to the current state of charge parameter being greater than the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter being less than the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter being greater than the first temperature threshold, the target working state is determined to be the normal monitoring state. In practice, the normal monitoring state is the low-power operation mode of the system when there is sufficient energy and no threat of icing. In detail, the current state of charge parameter is compared with the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter is compared with the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter is compared with the first temperature threshold. When all three conditions are met simultaneously—the current state of charge parameter being greater than the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter being less than the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter being greater than the first temperature threshold—the system is determined to be in a safe and energy-sufficient condition, and the target operating state is determined to be the normal monitoring state. The first state of charge threshold is the boundary value for sufficient system energy, the first icing thickness threshold is the critical thickness value for the start of icing, and the first temperature threshold is the critical temperature value for possible icing. Under normal monitoring conditions, the system only needs to maintain weak data acquisition and low-frequency feedback. In this application, the first state of charge threshold, the first icing thickness threshold, and the first temperature threshold are obtained through statistical analysis of historical operating data and joint calibration with the system power consumption model.

[0026] S22, in response to the ice thickness parameter being greater than the first ice thickness threshold, the ambient temperature parameter being less than the first temperature threshold, and the current state of charge parameter being greater than the second state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the ice monitoring state, and the second state of charge threshold is less than the first state of charge threshold. Furthermore, the icing monitoring status is an operating mode in which the monitoring frequency is increased when the system detects a risk of icing formation; Specifically, the icing thickness parameter is compared with the first icing thickness threshold, the ambient temperature parameter is compared with the first temperature threshold, and the current state of charge parameter is compared with the second state of charge threshold. If the icing thickness parameter is greater than the first icing thickness threshold and the ambient temperature parameter is less than the first temperature threshold, it indicates that the transmission line has the physical conditions for icing formation. At the same time, if the current state of charge parameter is greater than the second state of charge threshold, it indicates that the system still has a certain amount of energy to support high-frequency monitoring. At this time, the target working state is determined to be the icing monitoring state. If the second state of charge threshold is less than the first state of charge threshold, it means that even if some energy reserves are sacrificed, strict monitoring of the icing situation should be prioritized when energy is not extremely abundant but not depleted. In this embodiment, the second state of charge threshold is obtained by calculating the minimum range requirement of the system under icing monitoring conditions and the energy storage capacity.

[0027] S23, in response to the ice thickness parameter being greater than the second ice thickness threshold and the current state of charge parameter being greater than the third state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the ice melting control state, where the second ice thickness threshold is greater than the first ice thickness threshold and the third state of charge threshold is greater than the second state of charge threshold. Understandably, the de-icing control state is a high-power operation mode in which the system starts heating to de-ic the ice when the ice is severely iced and the energy is extremely abundant. In detail, the icing thickness parameter is compared with the second icing thickness threshold, and the current state of charge parameter is compared with the third state of charge threshold. When the icing thickness parameter is greater than the second icing thickness threshold, it indicates that icing has posed a substantial threat to line safety and requires active intervention. At the same time, the current state of charge parameter must be greater than the third state of charge threshold to ensure that the energy storage is sufficient to support the high power consumption output of the heating subsystem without causing system shutdown. The second icing thickness threshold is greater than the first icing thickness threshold, and the third state of charge threshold is greater than the second state of charge threshold. The logic ensures that the high-energy-consuming de-icing operation is only allowed when the icing is severe and the energy is extremely abundant. In this application, the second icing thickness threshold and the third state of charge threshold are obtained by jointly solving the starting power consumption of the heating subsystem and the maximum allowable discharge current constraint of the energy storage element.

[0028] S24, in response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second state of charge threshold, determine the target operating state as an extreme degraded state; In detail, extreme degradation state is the lowest power consumption operating mode to preserve the core survivability when the system energy is about to be exhausted; Specifically, the current state of charge (SOC) parameter is compared with the second SOC threshold. When the current SOC parameter is less than the second SOC threshold, it indicates that the system's energy storage can no longer support routine monitoring or heating tasks, and unnecessary loads must be forcibly shut down. At this point, the target operating state is determined to be an extreme degraded state. In this state, the system only retains the microcontroller's clock monitoring path and extremely low-frequency communication listening, waiting for the energy to recover naturally. In this application, the second SOC threshold is obtained by calculating the microcontroller's minimum sleep maintenance power consumption and the expected number of days to wait for recovery.

[0029] S3, based on the target working state and the historical working state, performs a hysteresis comparison operation on the state transition boundary to generate a stable working state instruction; Because the environmental parameters and energy status of a self-powered icing monitoring system are prone to slight fluctuations under boundary conditions, switching directly based on the target operating state would cause the system to jitter frequently between adjacent states, leading to frequent hardware start-ups and shutdowns. This would not only consume extra energy but also exacerbate hardware wear and tear. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a hysteresis comparison operation to smooth the state switching process and ensure the stability of the system.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the step of performing a hysteresis comparison operation on the state transition boundary based on the target operating state and historical operating states to generate a stable operating state instruction includes: S31, obtain historical working status and the corresponding historical icing thickness parameters and historical ambient temperature parameters; Specifically, the historical operating state tag stored in the previous wake-up cycle is read from the non-volatile memory, and the historical icing thickness parameter and historical ambient temperature parameter bound to the historical operating state are read. The historical parameters reflect the operating background of the system at the previous moment and are the benchmark reference for judging whether the current parameter change is sufficient to cross the hysteresis interval. In this application, the historical operating state, historical icing thickness parameter and historical ambient temperature parameter are obtained by triggering a memory write operation after each state decision is completed.

[0031] S32, in response to the inconsistency between the target working state and the historical working state, calculate the first difference between the icing thickness parameter and the historical icing thickness parameter, and the second difference between the ambient temperature parameter and the historical ambient temperature parameter. Accordingly, the status code corresponding to the target working state is compared with the status code corresponding to the historical working state. If the two are inconsistent, it indicates that there is a potential need for state switching in the system. At this point, the difference between the currently sampled ice thickness parameter and the historical ice thickness parameter is calculated as the first difference, and the difference between the currently sampled ambient temperature parameter and the historical ambient temperature parameter is calculated as the second difference. The first and second differences quantify the magnitude of change of the two core dimensions of ice and temperature on the time axis, respectively, providing data support for subsequent judgment on whether the changes belong to a real trend rather than instantaneous noise. The first and second differences are obtained by direct subtraction.

[0032] S33, perform a comparison operation based on the first difference and the width of the hysteresis interval, and perform a comparison operation based on the second difference and the width of the hysteresis interval; In other words, the hysteresis interval width is a buffer band value set to prevent state jitter; In detail, a preset hysteresis interval width is extracted, and the absolute value of the first difference is compared with the hysteresis interval width. Simultaneously, the absolute value of the second difference is also compared with the hysteresis interval width. At state boundaries, fluctuations in a single parameter can easily trigger erroneous switching. Therefore, substantial changes in both icing and temperature dimensions are required for a state transition to occur. The comparison operation is precisely to filter out single-parameter noise interference. For example, if the icing thickness hysteresis interval width is set to 2 mm and the temperature hysteresis interval width to 1 °C, when the absolute value of the first difference does not exceed 2 mm but the absolute value of the second difference exceeds 1 °C, the system still determines it as a fluctuation rather than a real state change and refuses to switch states. In this application, the hysteresis interval width is obtained through joint calibration using sensor measurement accuracy and historical state jitter frequency statistics.

[0033] S34, in response to the fact that both the first difference and the second difference exceed the hysteresis interval width, the target working state is confirmed as the updated working state, and a stable working state instruction is generated based on the updated working state; Specifically, when the absolute value of the first difference is greater than the width of the hysteresis interval, and the absolute value of the second difference is also greater than the width of the hysteresis interval, it indicates that both the icing thickness and the ambient temperature have undergone a clear change across the buffer zone, and the necessity of system state switching is fully verified at this time. The target working state is confirmed as the updated working state, and a stable working state instruction is generated based on the status code corresponding to the updated working state. The stable working state instruction is sent to the control switches of each subsystem to drive the system into a new operating mode. If at least one of the first or second differences does not exceed the hysteresis interval width, the state switch is refused, the historical working state is maintained, and a corresponding stable working state instruction is generated. The stable working state instruction is issued through the level toggling operation of the microcontroller's general-purpose input / output ports.

[0034] S4, in response to the stable operating state command, obtains the predicted value of future vibration energy, and allocates power quotas to each subsystem based on the predicted value of future vibration energy and the current state of charge parameters; The energy for the self-powered icing monitoring system comes from conductor vibration. Vibration is highly random and fluctuating. Relying solely on the current state of charge for power allocation can easily lead to short-sighted behavior, such as over-allocation causing power outages when power generation is about to drop sharply, or being too conservative and wasting energy when power generation is about to rise. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce future vibration energy prediction values ​​to match power allocation with energy income and expenditure over a future period of time, thereby achieving forward-looking energy dispatch.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments, obtaining the predicted future vibration energy includes: S41, acquire historical vibration time series data collected by the piezoelectric vibrator and historical wind speed data collected by the wind speed sensor in the self-powered icing monitoring system; In detail, historical data serves as the fundamental input for predicting future energy. Specifically, the AC voltage sampling sequence output by the piezoelectric oscillator within a preset time period is read from the circular data buffer as historical vibration time-series data, while the wind speed frequency pulse sequence output by the wind speed sensor within the same time window is read as historical wind speed data. The historical vibration time-series data reflects the real-time capability of converting mechanical vibration into electrical energy, and the historical wind speed data reflects the meteorological excitation conditions that trigger conductor vibration. In this embodiment, historical vibration time series data and historical wind speed data are obtained by triggering analog-to-digital conversion and pulse capture operations through timer interrupts.

[0036] S42 performs a frequency domain transformation on historical vibration time series data to extract the dominant vibration frequency component and amplitude extreme value. In other words, time-domain signals cannot intuitively reflect the concentrated frequency band and ultimate capability of vibration energy, so core features need to be extracted through frequency domain analysis. Specifically, a fast Fourier transform operation is performed on historical vibration time-series data to convert the time-domain waveform into a frequency-domain power spectrum. The frequency point corresponding to the maximum power spectral density in the frequency-domain power spectrum is searched as the dominant vibration frequency component, and the maximum amplitude value in the frequency-domain power spectrum is searched as the amplitude extremum. The dominant vibration frequency component characterizes the inherent frequency characteristics of conductor vibration, and the amplitude extremum characterizes the maximum transient voltage capability that the piezoelectric oscillator can output. For example, after applying a Hanning window to historical vibration time series data containing 1024 sampling points, a radix-2 fast Fourier transform is performed. The spectral line with the largest amplitude is found in the obtained spectral sequence, and its horizontal coordinate is read as the dominant vibration frequency component, and its vertical coordinate is read as the amplitude extreme value. In this application, the number of points and sampling frequency of the fast Fourier transform operation are jointly determined by the piezoelectric oscillator frequency response bandwidth and the Nyquist sampling theorem.

[0037] S43. Based on the correspondence between historical wind speed data and vibration dominant frequency components, construct the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship between wind speed amplitude and vibration frequency amplitude. Specifically, the wind speed amplitude sequence in historical wind speed data is fitted with the vibration dominant frequency component sequence at the corresponding time using a least squares polynomial fitting operation to construct a mapping function with wind speed as the independent variable and vibration frequency amplitude as the dependent variable, which serves as the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship. The wind speed-vibration mapping relationship reveals the physical transmission law from wind excitation to vibration response. In one implementation, a linear regression algorithm can be used, for example, by using the wind speed amplitude sequence as the input feature and the vibration frequency amplitude sequence as the output label to solve for the regression coefficients; in another implementation, a kernel ridge regression algorithm can also be used, for example, by using a Gaussian kernel function to map the wind speed amplitude to a high-dimensional space and then solving for the weights; in this application, the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship is obtained by combining offline historical database training with online incremental updates.

[0038] S44: Obtain the current wind speed sampling value, and based on the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship and amplitude extreme value, predict the vibration power generation within a preset period as the future vibration energy prediction value. In detail, the current wind speed sampling value is input into the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship to calculate the future predicted vibration frequency amplitude; the future predicted vibration frequency amplitude is multiplied by the amplitude extreme value, and combined with the electromechanical conversion efficiency coefficient of the piezoelectric oscillator, the time integral value of the predicted power generation within the future preset period is calculated as the future vibration energy prediction value; the future vibration energy prediction value provides a forward-looking energy supply upper limit constraint for subsequent power quota allocation; Furthermore, regarding the future preset time period, it should be noted that the length of the future preset time period is dynamically adjusted according to the weather forecast update frequency and the charging and discharging time constant of the energy storage capacitor, and is usually set to between 1 hour and 3 hours; in this application, the electromechanical conversion efficiency coefficient is obtained by calibration using a piezoelectric oscillator impedance analyzer.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the allocation of power quotas to each subsystem based on predicted future vibration energy and current state of charge parameters includes: S45, acquire the basic power consumption parameters of each subsystem under stable working conditions. Each subsystem includes the sensing and acquisition subsystem, the communication subsystem, and the heating and ice melting subsystem. Specifically, the nominal operating current and operating voltage of the sensing and acquisition subsystem, communication subsystem, and heating and de-icing subsystem under the operating mode specified by the current stable operating state command are read from the system configuration register, and the product of the nominal operating current and operating voltage is used as the basic power consumption parameter of the corresponding subsystem. The basic power consumption parameter of the sensing and acquisition subsystem includes the operating power consumption of the temperature sensor and the laser rangefinder, the basic power consumption parameter of the communication subsystem includes the standby and transmission power consumption of the radio frequency transceiver, and the basic power consumption parameter of the heating and de-icing subsystem includes the dissipation power of the heating resistor strip. In this embodiment, the basic power consumption parameters are obtained by calibrating the device datasheets of each subsystem with the rated parameters and the actual line impedance.

[0040] S46. Calculate the total available energy of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on the sum of the predicted future vibration energy and the current state of charge parameters. In detail, the total available energy of the system represents the total energy resources that the system can control in the present and for a certain period of time in the future; Specifically, the calculated value of the remaining charge of the energy storage capacitor corresponding to the current state of charge parameter is summed with the predicted value of future vibration energy. The sum is the total available energy of the self-powered icing monitoring system. The total available energy of the system sets a total budget limit for subsequent power allocation. The quota allocation of any subsystem must not exceed the total budget. In this application, the total available energy of the system is obtained by performing floating-point addition operations through the arithmetic logic unit of the microcontroller.

[0041] S47 performs a difference operation on the total available energy of the system and the sum of the basic power consumption parameters of each subsystem to obtain the energy surplus value; In other words, the basic power consumption parameters of the sensing and acquisition subsystem, the communication subsystem, and the heating and melting subsystem are summed to obtain the total basic power consumption. The difference between the total available energy of the system and the total basic power consumption is calculated to obtain the energy surplus value. When the energy surplus value is less than or equal to zero, it means that the total available energy of the system can barely support or cannot support the basic operation of each subsystem, and there is no additional energy available for allocation. When the energy surplus value is greater than zero, it means that the system still has surplus energy available for scheduling after meeting the basic operation requirements. In this application, the energy surplus value is obtained by subtracting the total basic power consumption from the total available energy of the system.

[0042] S48, in response to an energy surplus value being greater than zero, allocates the energy surplus value to the heating and melting ice subsystem and the communication subsystem according to a preset ratio, and generates power quotas for each subsystem; Correspondingly, when the energy surplus value is greater than zero, it indicates that the system has an energy bonus. In order to maximize the utilization of vibration energy, the energy surplus value needs to be redistributed according to a preset ratio. Since the basic power consumption of the sensing and acquisition subsystem is sufficient to meet basic acquisition requirements, the surplus energy is mainly allocated to the heating and de-icing subsystem and the communication subsystem to improve heating power and communication reliability. The product of the surplus energy and the preset proportion allocated to the heating and de-icing subsystem is used as the heating increment quota, the product of the surplus energy and the preset proportion allocated to the communication subsystem is used as the communication increment quota, the sum of the heating increment quota and the basic power consumption parameters of the heating and de-icing subsystem is used as the power quota of the heating and de-icing subsystem, and the sum of the communication increment quota and the basic power consumption parameters of the communication subsystem is used as the power quota of the communication subsystem. In this application, the preset proportion is obtained by solving a dynamic programming algorithm based on the current ice thickness parameters and communication channel quality parameters.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the step of allocating the energy surplus to the heating and melting subsystem and the communication subsystem according to a preset ratio in response to an energy surplus value greater than zero, thereby generating a power quota for each subsystem, can also be implemented through the following specific steps: S481, in response to the stable working state being the icing monitoring state, obtain the first current quota of the communication subsystem and the second current quota of the heating and melting subsystem; Specifically, in icing monitoring mode, the system faces the risk of icing alarms being triggered at any time, and it is essential to ensure that the communication subsystem has absolute priority in energy supply. When the stable operating state instruction indicates that the system is currently in icing monitoring mode, it reads the power quota currently allocated to the communication subsystem from the power management register as the first current quota, and simultaneously reads the power quota currently allocated to the heating and de-icing subsystem as the second current quota. The first and second current quotas are prerequisite data for determining whether communication resources are sufficient and whether it is necessary to borrow from heating resources. In this embodiment, the first current quota and the second current quota are obtained by parsing the power allocation results of the preceding stage.

[0044] S482, compares the first current quota with the minimum communication power consumption required by the communication subsystem; Furthermore, the minimum communication power requirement is the minimum radio frequency power requirement to ensure successful transmission of icing alarm data. The first current quota is compared with the minimum communication power requirement to determine whether the energy currently allocated to the communication subsystem is sufficient to support the backhaul of critical data. If the first current quota is greater than or equal to the minimum communication power requirement, it indicates that communication resources are sufficient and no intervention is required. If the first current quota is less than the minimum communication power requirement, it indicates that the communication subsystem faces a serious risk of alarm loss due to insufficient power. In this application, the minimum communication power consumption is obtained by multiplying the operating current and operating voltage of the communication module at the minimum allowable transmit power, plus the link budget margin.

[0045] S483, in response to the first current quota being less than the minimum communication requirement power consumption, the difference is deducted from the second current quota based on the difference between the minimum communication requirement power consumption and the first current quota; In other words, when the first current quota is determined to be less than the minimum communication power requirement, the difference between the minimum communication power requirement and the first current quota is calculated to obtain the communication power gap. The communication power gap is then subtracted from the second current quota, which means that part of the energy originally allocated to the heating and de-icing subsystem is forcibly allocated to the communication subsystem to ensure the absolute unobstructed operation of the alarm link under icing monitoring conditions. This operation sacrifices some heating efficiency in exchange for the reliability of critical data transmission. For example, if the second current quota is 5 watts and the calculated communication power gap is 2 watts, then the second current quota after deducting the difference is updated to 3 watts, thereby ensuring that the communication subsystem receives sufficient 2 watts of power supplement. In this application, the difference is obtained by subtracting the first current quota from the minimum communication power requirement.

[0046] S484, the second current quota after deducting the difference is used as the updated heating quota, the minimum communication power consumption is used as the updated communication quota, and the power quota of each subsystem is generated based on the updated heating quota and the updated communication quota.

[0047] Specifically, the operation updates the borrowed quota of the heating and melting subsystem to the second current quota after deducting the difference, i.e., updates the heating quota. At the same time, it forces the quota of the communication subsystem to be increased to the minimum communication power consumption, i.e., updates the communication quota. Then, the updated heating quota and the updated communication quota are combined with the basic power consumption parameters of the sensing and acquisition subsystem to generate the final power quota for each subsystem. Through the quota transfer operation, the problem of alarm loss caused by the heating subsystem occupying the communication current is fundamentally avoided.

[0048] It should be noted that due to the sudden drop in wind speed causing a rapid decrease in vibration power generation and extremely rapid voltage decay of the energy storage capacitor, in this extreme scenario, relying solely on static quota transfer may still cause the communication subsystem's radio frequency transmission to momentarily pull the energy storage voltage below the microcontroller's undervoltage reset threshold, resulting in a global system crash and alarm loss. To address this issue, the following operation is designed: When the rate of change of the predicted future vibration energy is less than the energy decline rate threshold, if the current state of charge parameter is less than the limit communication guarantee charge threshold, then all power quotas of the heating and de-icing subsystem are disconnected, all available total energy is allocated to the communication subsystem, and only the highest priority icing alarm data is allowed to be sent; if the current state of charge parameter is greater than or equal to the limit communication guarantee charge threshold but there is icing alarm data to be sent in the communication buffer queue, then the heating quota is updated to the minimum maintenance power level, and the remaining available total energy is allocated to the communication subsystem to execute alarm transmission; when the rate of change of the predicted future vibration energy is not less than the energy decline rate threshold, the surplus energy is allocated according to the conventional preset ratio.

[0049] Preferably, the process of generating updated heating quotas and updated communication quotas can also be obtained through the following specific calculation method, wherein: ; ; In the formula, To update heating quotas, the unit is watts; This is the second current quota, in watts; The minimum power consumption required for communication is expressed in watts. The first current quota, in watts; To update communication quotas, the unit is watts; The formula ensures that the heating quota borrowed from the system is not less than 0, and the communication quota does not exceed the upper limit of the system constraint of the sum of the two quotas. This achieves the unification of the absolute priority and physical boundary limit of communication guarantee under the icing monitoring state.

[0050] Furthermore, regarding the updating of heating and communication quotas, it should be noted that the quota values ​​need to be converted into corresponding pulse width modulation duty cycle control signals. By adjusting the duty cycle of the switching converter, precise limits can be placed on the actual power consumption of each subsystem. When the calculated updated heating quota... When the value is 0, the system will send a shutdown level to the switch of the heating and de-icing subsystem, completely cutting off the heating circuit. At this time, all remaining energy will flow into the communication subsystem to ensure the alarm issuance capability in the most critical situation. During quota borrowing, the maximum output current limit of the power converter must be considered. If the communication quota is updated... If the corresponding input current exceeds the overcurrent protection point of the power converter, then the communication quota needs to be updated. The power supply is reverted to the value corresponding to the maximum allowable output power of the power converter to ensure that the hardware circuit is not damaged due to overcurrent. The above quota generation and allocation logic deeply couples energy scheduling with hardware physical constraints, avoiding the problem that theoretical quotas cannot be actually executed. In this embodiment, the minimum maintenance power consumption is obtained by calculating the minimum heat requirement for antifreeze of the heating and melting subsystem.

[0051] S5, in the process of allocating power quotas to each subsystem, performs priority reporting of icing alarm data according to task priority; In energy-constrained self-powered systems, the communication subsystem often cannot support the concurrent transmission of large amounts of data. If regular monitoring data and icing alarm data are queued together, critical alarms may be blocked by regular data and miss the best feedback window when the power quota can only support a small amount of data transmission. Therefore, while allocating power quotas, data must be scheduled according to task priority to ensure that icing alarm data preempts communication resources.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the step of prioritizing the reporting of icing alarm data according to task priority includes: S51, obtain the data to be sent in the communication buffer queue. The data to be sent includes icing alarm data and regular monitoring data. In detail, the communication buffer queue is a cache space before data transmission, which stores various data packets generated by the system. Specifically, the storage area of ​​the communication buffer queue is traversed to retrieve all currently stored data to be sent. The data to be sent is divided into icing alarm data and regular monitoring data according to its source and urgency. Icing alarm data is generated by an event that triggers the icing thickness parameter to exceed the safety threshold, while regular monitoring data is generated periodically by scheduled inspection tasks. In this application, the data to be sent is moved from the microcontroller memory to the communication buffer queue through direct memory access.

[0053] S52 assigns a first priority identifier to icing alarm data and a second priority identifier to routine monitoring data, with the first priority identifier having a higher priority than the second priority identifier; Accordingly, when generating the data frame format for the data to be sent, the priority field reserved at the beginning of the data frame is read; for icing alarm data, a first priority identifier is configured in the priority field, and for regular monitoring data, a second priority identifier is configured in the priority field; the value corresponding to the first priority identifier is set to be greater than the value corresponding to the second priority identifier, so that icing alarm data can be extracted first in subsequent sorting operations; the first priority identifier and the second priority identifier are obtained by the microcontroller during the data encapsulation stage according to the type of interrupt trigger.

[0054] S53, based on the first priority identifier and the second priority identifier, sort the data to be sent in the communication buffer queue, and arrange the icing alarm data before the regular monitoring data. In other words, all data to be sent in the communication buffer queue are sorted in descending order according to their priority identifiers. Specifically, a priority queue sorting algorithm is used to compare the priority identifier values ​​of adjacent data to be sent. If the regular monitoring data with a smaller priority identifier value is sorted before the icing alarm data with a larger priority identifier value, the two data to be sent are swapped in the communication buffer queue. After multiple traversals and swaps, all icing alarm data are eventually sorted before the regular monitoring data, forming a sending sequence arranged from high to low priority. Furthermore, regarding the sorting operation, it should be noted that when there are multiple icing alarm data, they are further sorted in ascending order according to the timestamp of the alarm generation to ensure that the earliest alarm is sent first.

[0055] S54, in response to the arrival of the transmission time slot of the communication subsystem, extract the icing alarm data first according to the result of the sorting operation and execute the transmission operation; Specifically, when the radio frequency transmitter of the communication subsystem is activated and the current transmission time slot arrives, the data to be transmitted is extracted from the head of the communication buffer queue after sorting. Icing alarm data has been arranged at the head of the queue, and the extraction operation will prioritize obtaining icing alarm data. Subsequently, the icing alarm data is loaded into the data register of the radio frequency transmitter, radio frequency signal modulation and power amplification operations are started, and the icing alarm data is sent to the base station. The transmission time slot is allocated by the medium access control layer of the communication protocol. In this embodiment, the transmission time slot is obtained by listening to the timer interrupt signal of the communication module.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the step of prioritizing the extraction and transmission of icing alarm data according to the results of the sorting operation includes: S541, obtain the trend of future vibration energy prediction values, including the energy increase trend and the energy decrease trend; In detail, the changing trend of the future vibration energy prediction value determines the subsequent energy sufficiency of the system and has guiding significance for the adjustment of communication strategy. Specifically, the first-order difference of the future vibration energy prediction value within multiple consecutive prediction periods is calculated. When the first-order difference is greater than zero, it indicates that the future vibration energy prediction value is increasing, and the changing trend is determined to be an energy upward trend. When the first-order difference is less than zero, it indicates that the future vibration energy prediction value is decreasing, and the changing trend is determined to be an energy downward trend. The energy downward trend indicates that the system will soon face energy shortage, and a data compression strategy must be adopted in advance. The changing trend is obtained by judging the sign of the first-order difference of the time series of future vibration energy prediction values.

[0057] S542, responding to the changing trend of decreasing energy, performs a down-frequency extraction operation on the regular monitoring data to obtain down-frequency regular data; Specifically, when it is predicted that the system energy will decrease, the amount of regular monitoring data is actively reduced to save transmission power consumption. Specifically, a down-frequency extraction operation is performed on the sensor sampling sequence in the regular monitoring data, that is, one sampling point is retained every N sampling points, and the remaining N-1 sampling points are discarded, where N is the down-frequency factor. The sampling points retained after the down-frequency extraction operation are recombined into down-frequency regular data. The value of the down-frequency factor N is dynamically adjusted according to the absolute value of the first-order difference of the energy reduction trend. The larger the absolute value of the difference, the larger the value of N, and the higher the data compression ratio. For example, when the absolute value of the first-order difference is in the first interval, N is set to 2, and when the absolute value of the first-order difference is in the second interval, N is set to 4, so as to more aggressively compress the amount of data when the energy decay accelerates. In this application, the down-frequency factor N is calculated by the ratio of the energy reduction rate to the remaining quota of the communication subsystem.

[0058] S543 generates a reassembled data packet based on the combination order of down-frequency regular data and icing alarm data, with the icing alarm data placed in the header of the reassembled data packet. In other words, the down-frequency regular data and icing alarm data are reassembled at the application layer. Specifically, in the payload area of ​​the reassembled data packet, the icing alarm data is placed at the beginning of the payload area, and the down-frequency regular data is appended after the icing alarm data. At the same time, a payload length field and a data type identifier field are added to the beginning of the data packet for the receiver to parse. Placing the icing alarm data at the beginning of the data packet ensures that even if the transmission is interrupted due to sudden energy depletion during transmission, the receiver can still parse the already transmitted icing alarm data first. Furthermore, for the reassembled data packet, it should be noted that a cyclic redundancy check boundary code needs to be inserted between the icing alarm data and the down-frequency regular data to achieve independent verification and decoupled parsing of the two types of data.

[0059] S544 adjusts the transmit power of the reassembled data packet according to the power quota of the communication subsystem and performs the transmission operation.

[0060] Specifically, the power quota of the communication subsystem directly determines the maximum instantaneous power that the radio frequency transmitter can consume. The transmission power must be adjusted according to the power quota to avoid overcurrent pulling down the energy storage voltage. In this application, the transmission power can be calculated in the following way: ; In the formula, The calculated transmission power is expressed in watts. This represents the available energy value corresponding to the power quota of the communication subsystem, in joules. The energy value, in joules, corresponding to the minimum circuit power consumption required to maintain baseband processing and phase-locked loop operation in the communication subsystem. The duration of the transmission time slot, in seconds; Power is the conversion of available energy. This is the nominal maximum transmit power of the RF power amplifier module, in watts; the calculation process ensures that the power is converted to the available energy when the available energy is limited, and that the transmit power is limited to the nominal maximum transmit power when the available energy is sufficient. Determine the transmission power Then, the transmission power will be... The value is converted to the power control register value of the RF transceiver and configured in the power control register; subsequently, the data transmission pin of the RF transmitter is triggered, and the reassembled data packet is transmitted according to the adjusted transmission power. The signal is radiated through the antenna; the operation achieves precise closed-loop control between power quota and actual transmission action; furthermore, regarding the transmission power adjustment operation, it should be noted that the calculated transmission power... When the power is below the minimum linear operating point of the RF power amplifier, the transmit power needs to be reduced. The power is forcibly increased to the minimum linear operating point, and the transmission interval is extended simultaneously. Power quota restrictions are effectively met through duty cycle control. In practice, the output power of the RF power amplifier and the value of the power control register are not ideally linearly related, but exhibit non-linear mapping characteristics. Especially in the low-power range, small changes in the register value can lead to drastic jumps in output power. To achieve precise control of the transmit power, a lookup table must be constructed using the measured power value fed back from the RF power detector during system initialization or periodic self-calibration. This table maps the power control register value to the actual output power. Then, the closest power control register value is obtained by reverse lookup table to eliminate control deviations caused by nonlinearity. Simultaneously, the large transient current during transmission will generate a transient voltage drop across the equivalent series resistance of the energy storage capacitor, causing the actual operating voltage of the RF power amplifier to be lower than the static voltage, thus causing output power saturation distortion. To solve this problem, a voltage drop compensation coefficient needs to be introduced when calculating the available energy conversion power to adjust the theoretical transmit power. Dividing by the voltage drop compensation factor, the power attenuation caused by transient voltage drop is offset by pre-compensation to ensure that the actual radiated power meets the communication link budget requirements; in this application, the minimum linear operating point power is obtained by the inflection point parameter of the nonlinear distortion test curve of the RF power amplifier device, and the voltage drop compensation factor is calculated by the product of the equivalent series resistance of the energy storage capacitor and the peak current of the RF power amplifier.

[0061] S6 performs a dual threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters to generate a degradation protection command or an autonomous recovery command; Self-powered systems may face long-term energy shortages under extreme weather conditions. If only a single low-voltage threshold is set, the system will frequently start and stop near the voltage critical point, resulting in repeated restarts that consume a lot of energy. By introducing a dual-threshold discrimination mechanism, the load can be completely shut down and enter deep sleep when the energy is depleted, and it can only be gradually woken up when the energy recovers to above the safe level, thereby completely eliminating energy storage collapse caused by repeated system restarts.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, the step of performing a dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters to generate a degradation protection command or an autonomous recovery command, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: S61, obtain the first charge protection threshold and the second charge protection threshold, wherein the first charge protection threshold is greater than the second charge protection threshold; In detail, dual-threshold discrimination requires two discrimination benchmarks of different magnitudes. Specifically, the first charge protection threshold and the second charge protection threshold are read from the system parameter storage area. The first charge protection threshold, as the energy safety line for the system to recover from the degraded protection state to the normal operating state, must be set high enough to ensure that the system has enough energy to complete startup and at least one complete communication after wake-up. The second charge protection threshold, as the energy baseline for the system to enter the degraded protection state, is set above the critical value when the microcontroller is about to undergo undervoltage reset. Since the recovery condition is more stringent than the degraded condition, the first charge protection threshold is greater than the second charge protection threshold. In this application, the first charge protection threshold and the second charge protection threshold are obtained by jointly calculating the energy storage capacitor capacity, the minimum operating voltage of the microcontroller, and the system cold start power consumption.

[0063] S62, perform a numerical comparison operation between the current state of charge parameters and the second charge protection threshold, and generate the first comparison result; Specifically, during system operation, the current state of charge parameter is subtracted from or compared with the second charge protection threshold in real time or periodically. When the current state of charge parameter is greater than the second charge protection threshold, a first comparison result indicating that the energy can still be maintained is generated. When the current state of charge parameter is less than or equal to the second charge protection threshold, a first comparison result indicating that the energy is about to be depleted is generated. The first comparison result is the direct criterion for triggering the system's emergency avoidance action. Furthermore, regarding the first comparison result, it should be noted that, in order to avoid false triggering caused by measurement noise, the current state of charge parameter must be sampled multiple times consecutively and all of them must be less than the second charge protection threshold before the first comparison result indicating that the energy is about to be depleted is confirmed.

[0064] S63, in response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second charge protection threshold, generates a degradation protection command. The degradation protection command is used to shut down the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem, and restrict the communication subsystem to only send icing alarm data. In other words, when the first comparison result indicates that the current state of charge parameter is less than the second charge protection threshold, the system is in an extremely dangerous ultra-low energy state and a degradation protection command must be generated immediately. The degradation protection command forcibly disconnects the power supply circuit between the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem by controlling the enable pin of the power management chip, thus eliminating the high-power load. At the same time, it restricts the communication subsystem from entering the ultra-low power listening mode, only briefly waking it up to send data when there is icing alarm data, so as to minimize energy consumption. In this application, the degradation protection command is obtained by the microcontroller sending a serial bus command to the power management chip.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments, in response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second charge protection threshold, a degradation protection command is generated. This degradation protection command is used to shut down the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem, and to restrict the communication subsystem to only send icing alarm data. Specifically, this can also be achieved through the following steps: S631, in response to the degradation protection command, obtains the minimum sleep maintenance power consumption and transmit transient power consumption of the communication subsystem; Furthermore, under degraded protection conditions, the minimum survivability power consumption of the communication subsystem must be accurately calculated. Specifically, the degraded protection command is parsed, and the product of the static current and operating voltage in the receiver's off state is extracted from the device manual parameter table of the communication subsystem as the minimum sleep maintenance power consumption. At the same time, the product of the peak current and operating voltage of the RF transmitter in the minimum power transmission state is extracted as the transmission transient power consumption. The minimum sleep maintenance power consumption is the minimum cost to ensure that the communication subsystem can be woken up at any time, and the transmission transient power consumption is the transient load that must be withstood when transmitting alarm data. In this embodiment, the minimum sleep maintenance power consumption and the transmission transient power consumption are obtained through actual measurement and calibration using a multimeter and an oscilloscope.

[0066] S632 calculates the ultimate survival current threshold based on the minimum sleep sustaining power consumption and the transmit transient power consumption. Specifically, to ensure that the communication subsystem does not completely lose power during degraded protection, its maximum allowable average current needs to be calculated as the ultimate survival current threshold; in this application, the ultimate survival current threshold can be calculated in the following way: ; In the formula, This represents the ultimate survival current threshold, measured in amperes. The minimum power consumption for maintaining sleep mode, measured in watts; Transient power consumption during transmission, measured in watts; The launch duty cycle, with a value ranging from 0 to 1; The nominal voltage of the energy storage element is expressed in volts. The calculation process converts the sum of the sleep power consumption and the transient power consumption calculated according to the duty cycle into an average current, providing a quantitative benchmark for determining whether the system can maintain communication capabilities. Furthermore, regarding the transmit transient power consumption, it should be noted that the transmit transient power consumption must include the additional dissipation caused by RF feeder loss and matching network insertion loss. In this embodiment, the transmit duty cycle... It is obtained by the ratio of the shortest alarm packet sending time to the maximum allowed sending period.

[0067] S633, compares the discharge current of the current state of charge parameter with the ultimate survival current threshold; In detail, the current real-time discharge current sample value of the energy storage element is compared with the calculated ultimate survival current threshold. When the real-time discharge current is less than or equal to the ultimate survival current threshold, it indicates that the current energy output can still support the intermittent operation of the communication subsystem in degraded mode. When the real-time discharge current is greater than the ultimate survival current threshold, it indicates that even in degraded mode, excessive transient current will still cause a sharp voltage decay and trigger a system reset. In one embodiment, the comparison operation can be implemented by sampling with a current sensing amplifier and then performing numerical comparison by a microcontroller. In another embodiment, it can also be implemented by simulating a hardware comparator. For example, the current sampling voltage is input to the inverting input of the comparator, and the reference voltage corresponding to the ultimate survival current threshold is input to the non-inverting input. The comparator output level directly represents the comparison result. In this application, the real-time discharge current is obtained by the ratio of the voltage difference to the resistance value across the precision sampling resistor connected in series in the energy storage circuit.

[0068] S634, in response to the discharge current exceeding the ultimate survival current threshold, cuts off the radio frequency transmission path of the communication subsystem, retaining only the clock monitoring path of the microcontroller. Correspondingly, when the real-time discharge current exceeds the ultimate survival current threshold, it indicates that the system can no longer withstand any form of RF transmission and must perform the most extreme energy isolation. At this time, a low level is output through the general-purpose output pin of the microcontroller to control the RF switch to disconnect the RF transmission path, completely eliminating the risk caused by the transient power consumption during transmission. At the same time, only the operation of the microcontroller's internal low-speed clock and the monitoring path for external interrupts are retained, and the system enters a deep sleep state at the microampere level, waiting for natural charging to slowly restore the energy storage voltage. Furthermore, regarding the RF transmission path disconnection operation, it should also be noted that the power supply pin of the RF transceiver must be completely turned off through the load switch at the same time to eliminate the slight energy consumption of the RF chip's standby leakage current.

[0069] S64, obtain the subsequent state of charge parameters after the degradation protection command is generated, and compare the subsequent state of charge parameters with the first state of charge protection threshold. In other words, after the system enters the degraded protection state, the recovery of the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage element is continuously monitored, and the recovered SOC is read as the subsequent SOC parameter. The subsequent SOC parameter is then compared with the first SOC protection threshold. Since the first SOC protection threshold is higher than the second SOC protection threshold, the comparison operation ensures that the system will only attempt to lift the degraded state when the energy has accumulated to a sufficient level, avoiding repeated crashes caused by blindly restarting in the intermediate voltage range. In this embodiment, the subsequent SOC parameter is obtained by periodically waking up the analog-to-digital converter during the deep sleep interval to sample the energy storage voltage.

[0070] In some preferred embodiments, the operation of comparing subsequent state-of-charge parameters with a first charge protection threshold includes: S641, in response to the subsequent state of charge parameter being greater than the first charge protection threshold, generates an autonomous recovery command; Specifically, when the subsequent state of charge parameters successfully climb and exceed the first charge protection threshold, it indicates that the system has accumulated enough energy through natural charging to support system restart and basic operation. At this time, an autonomous recovery command is generated. The autonomous recovery command is a trigger signal for the system to transition from an extremely low power consumption state to a normal operating state. In this application, the autonomous recovery command is triggered by the voltage comparator interrupt of the microcontroller and obtained by setting the recovery flag bit in the software.

[0071] S642, in response to the autonomous recovery command, restores the power supply to the sensing and acquisition subsystem and acquires the current ice thickness parameter; In detail, autonomous recovery must follow a strict sequence to avoid simultaneous startup of multiple subsystems, which would generate transient high currents. Specifically, in response to the autonomous recovery command, an enable signal is first sent to the power switch of the sensing and acquisition subsystem to restore power to the sensing and acquisition subsystem. After the sensing and acquisition subsystem stabilizes, it is controlled to perform an ice thickness parameter acquisition operation. Prioritizing the recovery of the sensing and acquisition subsystem and obtaining the current ice thickness parameter is to understand the current safety status of the line in order to determine the recovery strategy for the subsequent communication subsystem and the heating and de-icing subsystem. The current ice thickness parameter is calculated from the initial ranging data after the laser ranging sensor is powered on.

[0072] S643, compare the current icing thickness parameter with the first icing thickness threshold to generate a subsystem recovery strategy; Accordingly, the autonomous recovery path needs to be designed differently based on the current icing risk level; the current icing thickness parameter is compared with the first icing thickness threshold; if the current icing thickness parameter is less than the first icing thickness threshold, it indicates that the line is currently safe and the system can recover at the normal pace; if the current icing thickness parameter is greater than or equal to the first icing thickness threshold, it indicates that the line still faces the threat of icing, and communication assurance must be given priority; based on the comparison results, different subsystem recovery strategies are generated to adapt to different safety and energy requirements; in this application, the subsystem recovery strategy is obtained through the state machine logic branch judgment inside the microcontroller.

[0073] In some preferred embodiments, the step of comparing the current icing thickness parameter with a first icing thickness threshold to generate a subsystem recovery strategy includes: S6431, in response to the current ice thickness parameter being less than the first ice thickness threshold, a normal recovery strategy is generated. The normal recovery strategy indicates that the power quota is restored in the order of the sensing acquisition subsystem, the communication subsystem, and the heating and de-icing subsystem. Specifically, when the current icing thickness parameter is determined to be less than the first icing thickness threshold, the system does not require an emergency alarm and generates a normal recovery strategy. Under the normal recovery strategy, the system sequentially sends enable signals to the corresponding power switches and gradually allocates power quotas according to the recovered sensor acquisition subsystem, communication subsystem, and heating and de-icing subsystem. This operation ensures that data acquisition capability is established first, then the data feedback channel is established, and finally the high-power heating function is started, avoiding current surges caused by concurrent startup. For example, the microcontroller closes the load switch of the sensor acquisition subsystem at the first moment, closes the load switch of the communication subsystem at the second moment after an interval of 100 milliseconds, and closes the load switch of the heating and de-icing subsystem at the third moment after an interval of 200 milliseconds, thus restoring the system operation in a step-by-step manner. In this application, the interval time is obtained by calibrating the output rise time parameter of each subsystem's power regulator.

[0074] S6432, in response to the current icing thickness parameter being greater than or equal to the first icing thickness threshold, an emergency recovery strategy is generated; In detail, when the current icing thickness parameter is determined to be greater than or equal to the first icing thickness threshold, it indicates that although the system has just recovered some energy, the danger of icing still exists, and the alarm information must be sent out as soon as possible. At this time, an emergency recovery strategy is generated. The core of the emergency recovery strategy is to prioritize the maximum power supply of the communication subsystem and postpone the heating demand. In this application, the emergency recovery strategy is triggered by the state machine under the condition that the icing exceeds the limit and the recovery event is met at the same time.

[0075] S6433, based on the emergency recovery strategy, restores the power quota of the communication subsystem to the maximum allowable quota; Specifically, under the guidance of the emergency recovery strategy, power supply to the heating and de-icing subsystem is skipped, and an enable signal is sent to the power switch of the communication subsystem first. At the same time, based on the total available energy of the system, the power quota of the communication subsystem is directly set to the maximum allowable quota. The maximum allowable quota is the dissipation power corresponding to the continuous wave transmission power that the radio frequency transceiver of the communication subsystem can withstand. This setting enables the communication subsystem to send the icing alarm data to the base station with the strongest signal, thereby maximizing communication reliability. The maximum allowable quota is obtained by the ratio of the saturated output power of the radio frequency power amplifier to the power conversion efficiency.

[0076] S6434: Obtain the current load status of the communication subsystem, and allocate the remaining available power quota to the sensing and acquisition subsystem based on the current load status. In other words, the current actual power consumed by the communication subsystem is read as the current load state; the difference between the total available energy of the system and the current load state is calculated to obtain the remaining available power quota; the remaining available power quota is allocated to the sensing and acquisition subsystem so that it can monitor the ice thickness at a higher frequency and provide real-time data support for subsequent decision-making; the current load state is obtained by multiplying the current sampling value of the communication subsystem by the operating voltage.

[0077] S644, based on the subsystem recovery strategy, restores the power quota of the heating and ice-melting subsystem and the communication subsystem step by step; Specifically, after the system has been operating stably according to the subsystem recovery strategy, and as energy continues to accumulate and the current state of charge (SOC) parameter steadily increases, based on the current stable operating state command, the power quota restrictions on the heating and de-icing subsystem are gradually lifted, and the quota of the communication subsystem is readjusted according to the aforementioned power allocation principle. The step-by-step recovery operation is achieved by increasing the quota percentage in each wake-up cycle, thus avoiding the impact of transient power jumps on the energy storage network. Furthermore, regarding the step-by-step recovery operation, it should be noted that after each increase in the quota percentage, the rate of change of the current SOC parameter needs to be reassessed. If the SOC parameter decays, the increase is immediately stopped and the quota is reverted.

[0078] Figure 3To illustrate the data dependencies and flow relationships between key parameters and logic modules in an energy scheduling method for self-powered icing monitoring scenarios, the system first derives four operating states—normal monitoring, icing monitoring, ice melting control, and extreme degradation—based on three dimensions: ambient temperature, icing thickness, and current state of charge. These states are determined by a target operating state judgment module. Simultaneously, the system constructs a wind speed-vibration mapping relationship using historical vibration time series and wind speed data, through frequency domain transformation and feature extraction, to predict future vibration energy. This predicted value is superimposed with the current state of charge to form the total available energy of the system, which is then used to calculate the energy surplus. When the surplus value is positive, power quota allocation is triggered, distributing energy according to a strategy to the sensing, communication, and heating / ice melting subsystems. The communication subsystem further distinguishes between icing alarm data and routine monitoring data based on task priority. Dual thresholds (first and second charge protection thresholds) are used to determine the energy state, generating degradation protection or autonomous recovery commands to ensure system survival. The entire architecture presents a network dependency, reflecting the complex logic of energy and information coordinated scheduling.

[0079] This embodiment also provides an energy dispatching system, including: a parameter acquisition module, a state determination module, a hysteresis comparison module, a power allocation module, a priority reporting module, and a dual threshold protection module; The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire ambient temperature parameters, ice thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters in response to the wake-up trigger signal of the self-powered icing monitoring system. The status determination module is used to determine the target operating status of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters. The target operating status includes normal monitoring status, icing monitoring status, icing melting control status, or extreme degradation status. The hysteresis comparison module is used to perform hysteresis comparison operations on the state transition boundary based on the target working state and the historical working state, and generate a stable working state instruction. The power allocation module is used to respond to stable operating state commands, obtain future vibration energy prediction values, and allocate power quotas to each subsystem based on the future vibration energy prediction values ​​and current state of charge parameters. The priority reporting module is used to perform priority reporting of icing alarm data according to task priority during the process of allocating power quotas to each subsystem. The dual-threshold protection module is used to perform dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters and generate degradation protection command or autonomous recovery command.

[0080] The above-mentioned unit modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independent of it, or they can be stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of the above modules.

[0081] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0082] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An energy dispatching method, characterized in that, include: In response to the wake-up trigger signal of the self-powered icing monitoring system, it acquires ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters. Based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters, the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system is determined. The target operating state includes normal monitoring state, icing monitoring state, ice melting control state, or extreme degradation state. Based on the target working state and the historical working state, a hysteresis comparison operation is performed on the state transition boundary to generate a stable working state instruction. In response to the command for stable operating state, the system obtains the predicted value of future vibration energy and allocates power quotas to each subsystem based on the predicted value of future vibration energy and the current state of charge parameters. During the process of allocating power quotas to each subsystem, priority reporting of icing alarm data is performed according to task priority. Perform a dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters to generate a degradation protection command or an autonomous recovery command.

2. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The determination of the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters includes: In response to the current state of charge parameter being greater than the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter being less than the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter being greater than the first temperature threshold, the target working state is determined to be the normal monitoring state. In response to the fact that the icing thickness parameter is greater than the first icing thickness threshold, the ambient temperature parameter is less than the first temperature threshold, and the current state of charge parameter is greater than the second state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the icing monitoring state, and the second state of charge threshold is less than the first state of charge threshold. In response to the ice thickness parameter being greater than the second ice thickness threshold and the current state of charge parameter being greater than the third state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the ice melting control state, where the second ice thickness threshold is greater than the first ice thickness threshold and the third state of charge threshold is greater than the second state of charge threshold. In response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second state of charge threshold, the target operating state is determined to be an extreme degraded state.

3. The energy scheduling method as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The determination of the target operating state of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters includes: In response to the current state of charge parameter being greater than the first state of charge threshold, the icing thickness parameter being less than the first icing thickness threshold, and the ambient temperature parameter being greater than the first temperature threshold, the target working state is determined to be the normal monitoring state. In response to the fact that the icing thickness parameter is greater than the first icing thickness threshold, the ambient temperature parameter is less than the first temperature threshold, and the current state of charge parameter is greater than the second state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the icing monitoring state, and the second state of charge threshold is less than the first state of charge threshold. In response to the ice thickness parameter being greater than the second ice thickness threshold and the current state of charge parameter being greater than the third state of charge threshold, the target working state is determined to be the ice melting control state, where the second ice thickness threshold is greater than the first ice thickness threshold and the third state of charge threshold is greater than the second state of charge threshold. In response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second state of charge threshold, the target operating state is determined to be an extreme degraded state.

4. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition of future vibration energy prediction values ​​includes: Acquire historical vibration time-series data collected by the piezoelectric vibrator and historical wind speed data collected by the wind speed sensor in the self-powered icing monitoring system; Perform frequency domain transformation on historical vibration time series data to extract the dominant frequency component and amplitude extreme value of vibration. Based on the correspondence between historical wind speed data and vibration dominant frequency components, a wind speed-vibration mapping relationship between wind speed amplitude and vibration frequency amplitude is constructed. The current wind speed sampling value is obtained, and based on the wind speed-vibration mapping relationship and amplitude extreme value, the vibration power generation within a preset period is predicted as the future vibration energy prediction value.

5. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The allocation of power quotas to each subsystem based on predicted future vibration energy and current state of charge parameters includes: Acquire the basic power consumption parameters of each subsystem under stable operating conditions. Each subsystem includes a sensing and acquisition subsystem, a communication subsystem, and a heating and ice-melting subsystem. The total available energy of the self-powered icing monitoring system is calculated based on the sum of the predicted future vibration energy and the current state of charge parameters. The energy surplus value is obtained by performing a difference operation between the total available energy of the system and the sum of the basic power consumption parameters of each subsystem; In response to an energy surplus value greater than zero, the energy surplus value is allocated to the heating and ice-melting subsystem and the communication subsystem according to a preset ratio, generating power quotas for each subsystem.

6. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In response to an energy surplus value greater than zero, the energy surplus value is allocated to the heating and melting ice subsystem and the communication subsystem according to a preset ratio, generating power quotas for each subsystem, including: In response to the stable operating state being the icing monitoring state, the first current quota of the communication subsystem and the second current quota of the heating and de-icing subsystem are obtained; A comparison operation is performed between the first current quota and the minimum communication power consumption requirement of the communication subsystem; In response to the first current quota being less than the minimum communication requirement power consumption, the difference is deducted from the second current quota based on the difference between the minimum communication requirement power consumption and the first current quota. The second current quota after deducting the difference is used as the updated heating quota, and the minimum communication power consumption is used as the updated communication quota. Power quotas for each subsystem are generated based on the updated heating quota and the updated communication quota.

7. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The step of prioritizing the reporting of icing alarm data based on task priority includes: Retrieve the data to be sent from the communication buffer queue. The data to be sent includes icing alarm data and regular monitoring data. Icing alarm data is assigned a first priority label, and routine monitoring data is assigned a second priority label. The first priority label has a higher priority than the second priority label. Based on the first priority identifier and the second priority identifier, the data to be sent is sorted in the communication buffer queue, and the icing alarm data is arranged before the regular monitoring data. In response to the arrival of the transmission time slot of the communication subsystem, the icing alarm data is extracted first and the transmission operation is performed according to the result of the sorting operation.

8. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The step of prioritizing the extraction and transmission of icing alarm data according to the sorting operation results includes: Obtain the trend of future vibration energy prediction values, including both upward and downward energy trends; In response to the changing trend of decreasing energy, a down-frequency extraction operation is performed on the regular monitoring data to obtain down-frequency regular data; The reassembled data packet is generated based on the combination order of the down-frequency regular data and the icing alarm data, and the icing alarm data is placed in the header of the reassembled data packet. Adjust the transmission power of the reassembled data packets according to the power quota of the communication subsystem, and then execute the transmission operation.

9. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The step of performing a dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters to generate a degradation protection command or an autonomous recovery command includes: Obtain a first charge protection threshold and a second charge protection threshold, wherein the first charge protection threshold is greater than the second charge protection threshold; The current state of charge parameters are compared with the second charge protection threshold to generate the first comparison result. In response to the current state of charge parameter being less than the second charge protection threshold, a degradation protection command is generated. The degradation protection command is used to shut down the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem, and to restrict the communication subsystem to only send icing alarm data. Obtain the subsequent state of charge parameters after the degradation protection command is generated, and compare the subsequent state of charge parameters with the first state of charge protection threshold.

10. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The comparison operation between the subsequent state-of-charge parameters and the first charge protection threshold includes: In response to subsequent state-of-charge parameters exceeding the first charge protection threshold, an autonomous recovery command is generated. In response to the autonomous recovery command, the power supply to the sensing and acquisition subsystem is restored, and the current ice thickness parameter is obtained; A subsystem recovery strategy is generated by comparing the current icing thickness parameter with the first icing thickness threshold. Based on the subsystem recovery strategy, the power quotas of the heating and de-icing subsystem and the communication subsystem are restored step by step.

11. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 10, characterized in that: The step of comparing the current icing thickness parameter with the first icing thickness threshold to generate a subsystem recovery strategy includes: In response to the current ice thickness parameter being less than the first ice thickness threshold, a normal recovery strategy is generated. The normal recovery strategy indicates that the power quota is restored in the order of the sensing acquisition subsystem, the communication subsystem, and the heating and de-icing subsystem. An emergency recovery strategy is generated in response to the current icing thickness parameter being greater than or equal to the first icing thickness threshold; Based on the emergency recovery strategy, the power quota of the communication subsystem is restored to the maximum allowable quota; Obtain the current load status of the communication subsystem, and based on the current load status, allocate the remaining available power quota to the sensing and acquisition subsystem.

12. The energy dispatching method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The response that the current state of charge parameter is less than the second charge protection threshold generates a degradation protection command. This degradation protection command is used to shut down the heating and de-icing subsystem and the sensing and acquisition subsystem, and to restrict the communication subsystem to only send icing alarm data, including: In response to the degradation protection command, the minimum sleep maintenance power consumption and transmit transient power consumption of the communication subsystem are obtained; The ultimate survival current threshold is calculated based on the minimum sleep sustaining power consumption and the transmit transient power consumption. The discharge current of the current state of charge parameters is compared with the ultimate survival current threshold. In response to the discharge current exceeding the ultimate survival current threshold, the radio frequency transmission path of the communication subsystem is cut off, while only the clock monitoring path of the microcontroller is retained.

13. An energy dispatching system, employing the energy dispatching method for self-powered icing monitoring scenarios as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, include: The module includes a parameter acquisition module, a status determination module, a hysteresis comparison module, a power allocation module, a priority reporting module, and a dual threshold protection module. The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire ambient temperature parameters, ice thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters in response to the wake-up trigger signal of the self-powered icing monitoring system. The status determination module is used to determine the target operating status of the self-powered icing monitoring system based on ambient temperature parameters, icing thickness parameters, and current state of charge parameters. The target operating status includes normal monitoring status, icing monitoring status, icing melting control status, or extreme degradation status. The hysteresis comparison module is used to perform hysteresis comparison operations on the state transition boundary based on the target working state and the historical working state, and generate a stable working state instruction. The power allocation module is used to respond to stable operating state commands, obtain future vibration energy prediction values, and allocate power quotas to each subsystem based on the future vibration energy prediction values ​​and current state of charge parameters. The priority reporting module is used to perform priority reporting of icing alarm data according to task priority during the process of allocating power quotas to each subsystem. The dual-threshold protection module is used to perform dual-threshold discrimination operation on the current state of charge parameters and generate degradation protection command or autonomous recovery command.

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