A rotary tillage soil shifter

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of surface stripping equipment, and particularly relates to a rotary tillage surface stripping device, which comprises a stripping frame, the bottom of the stripping frame is symmetrically provided with multiple groups of terrain self-adaptive support mechanisms which are independent of each other along the length direction. Each group of support mechanisms comprises a fixed base, a floating support arm, an elastic buffer and an arc-shaped support plate; the upper end sliding block of the floating support arm is embedded in the vertical sliding slot of the base, and the base and the floating support arm are vertically slidably connected; the lower end of the floating support arm is fixed with the arc-shaped support plate; the elastic buffer is arranged in the sliding slot, and the two ends of the elastic buffer abut against the base and the sliding block respectively. When the ground is undulating, the arc-shaped support plate drives the floating support arm to slide along the sliding slot, the elastic buffer absorbs the impact by compression and expansion and resets to fit, so that the arc-shaped support plate floats with the terrain, the frame is kept horizontal and the stripping depth is kept constant, the surface is stably stripped, transported and discharged laterally, and the device has the advantages of anti-sinking, drag reduction and passability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of topsoil stripping equipment technology, specifically to a rotary tillage topsoil stripping device. Background Technology

[0002] Topsoil stripping refers to the engineering technique of stripping and collecting the topsoil suitable for cultivation during engineering construction, land development, or farmland occupation. Currently, various topsoil stripping devices are available on the market.

[0003] The first type is a lightweight frame structure, such as CN212393150U. The entire machine relies on a local support plate for load-bearing, resulting in a limited ground contact area. When encountering uneven ground, the entire machine tilts, leading to uneven peeling depth. The second type is an integral chassis structure, such as CN110326377B. It relies on tracks or wheels for load-bearing, with support functions limited to movement. Depth control depends on complex adjustments and lacks active adaptability to terrain undulations. The third type is a passive contour-following mechanism, such as CN115669372A. It uses contour-following wheels, sensors, and hydraulic cylinders to form a closed-loop depth adjustment. However, the contour-following wheel uses point contact rolling detection, and the signal acquisition and electro-hydraulic processing have inherent lag, making instantaneous following impossible. Furthermore, the support and adjustment systems are separate, resulting in structural redundancy.

[0004] In addition, although tracked walking devices have improved the ability to pass through soft soil compared to wheeled ones, their ground pressure is concentrated under each load-bearing wheel and is distributed very unevenly. Moreover, the tracks are essentially rigid and grounded as a whole. When encountering local bumps, they can only swing as a whole and cannot achieve multi-point independent instantaneous self-adaptation. Therefore, it is still necessary to add a contour-following mechanism to compensate for depth errors. It has not yet broken out of the paradigm of separating load-bearing and adjustment.

[0005] In summary, the core defects of the existing technology are: the overall support system and the depth adjustment function are isolated from each other; the support structure only supports movement and does not actively adapt to surface undulations; the depth adjustment relies on an independent detection and execution system, which has inherent time lag and cannot achieve instantaneous synchronization between the stripping depth and surface undulations; at the same time, the support structure does not optimize the grounding pressure distribution for soft soil, and the separation of functional units leads to a bulky and redundant overall structure.

[0006] Therefore, how to provide a topsoil stripping device that can break the paradigm of separating load-bearing and regulation, and achieve instantaneous tracking of surface undulations, constant stripping depth, and simplified overall structure through an integrated support system is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rotary tillage topsoil stripping device to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a rotary tillage topsoil stripping device, including a stripping frame, wherein multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms are symmetrically arranged at intervals along the length of the bottom of the stripping frame, and each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms is arranged independently. Each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms includes a fixed base, a floating support arm, an elastic buffer, and an arc-shaped support plate; The fixed base is mounted on the stripping frame. The upper end of the floating support arm is provided with a slider. The fixed base is provided with a vertical groove. The slider is embedded in the groove, so that the floating support arm and the fixed base form a vertical sliding connection. The lower end of the floating support arm is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate. When the ground undulates, the arc-shaped support plate drives the floating support arm to slide vertically along the groove, so that the arc-shaped support plate floats with the terrain and maintains a horizontal posture. The elastic buffer is vertically arranged in the groove. The upper end of the elastic buffer abuts against the fixed base, and the lower end abuts against the top of the slider. When the arc-shaped support plate is pushed by a ground protrusion, the floating support arm drives the slider to slide up along the groove, compressing the elastic buffer and converting the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and absorbing it. When the arc-shaped support plate encounters a concave terrain, the elastic buffer extends, pushing the slider down and causing the arc-shaped support plate to re-adhere to the ground. The front end of the stripping frame is equipped with a rotary tillage mechanism, the inside of the stripping frame is equipped with a conveying mechanism, and the outside of the stripping frame is connected with a soil guiding mechanism. The soil guiding mechanism is located at the rear end of the conveying mechanism. Each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms is located outside the stripping frame and avoids the conveying mechanism and the rotary tillage mechanism in space.

[0009] The mechanical transmission logic and kinematic coordination relationship between the above structures are as follows: When the ground is undulating, the arc-shaped support plate first contacts the ground and moves according to the terrain shape through the arc-shaped surface of its lower surface. This displacement is synchronously transmitted to the floating support arm through the fixed connection at the lower end. Since the slider at the upper end of the floating support arm is constrained in the groove of the fixed base and can only move vertically, the arc-shaped support plate drives the floating support arm to slide vertically along the groove. At the same time, the sliding connection constrains the floating support arm to only move vertically, so that the arc-shaped support plate maintains a horizontal posture during the up-and-down floating process. Meanwhile, the fixed base, floating support arm, and slider exert compression or release effects on the elastic buffer during the upward sliding process. When the arc-shaped support plate is pushed by a ground protrusion, the compressed elastic buffer converts the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and absorbs it; when the arc-shaped support plate encounters a concave terrain, the elastic buffer extends, pushing the slider down and forcing the arc-shaped support plate to re-adhere to the ground. The elastic buffer and sliding connection structure work together to form a closed loop of impact absorption and reset function. Every ground undulation triggers a four-stage continuous action of displacement transmission, motion constraint, impact buffering and pressure reset. It can automatically complete terrain following without any sensors or electro-hydraulic actuators.

[0010] In addition, a rotary tillage mechanism is installed at the front of the stripping frame, a conveying mechanism is installed inside the frame, and a soil guiding mechanism is connected to the rear of the conveying mechanism on the outside of the frame. Multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the stripping frame in the width direction according to the principle of being deployed on the sides and outside of the frame. Spatially, they form an integrated avoidance with the conveying mechanism and rotary tillage mechanism, and their movement spaces do not overlap or interfere with each other. The whole machine eliminates the front and rear wheels and independent depth adjustment system that are essential in traditional topsoil stripping devices. All ground support points are formed only by the arc-shaped support plates of each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms. All vertical forces, such as the machine's own weight, rotary tillage load, and conveying dynamic load, are ultimately transmitted to the longitudinally extended arc-shaped grounding surface of the arc-shaped support plate through multiple sets of fixed bases, elastic buffers, and floating support arms, realizing a multi-point, multi-area distributed grounding bearing method. The coordinated action of multiple independently deployed mechanisms, individually responding elastic buffers, and the longitudinal large-area sliding bearing of the arc-shaped support plate enables the machine to independently respond to its respective ground undulations without interfering with each other when facing complex, uneven terrain. The machine's weight distribution, impact absorption, and attitude maintenance are achieved synchronously within a single operational cycle by the same structural system. This changes the traditional timing lag logic of the support wheels and contour depth adjustment system, which requires detection followed by compensation, and achieves instantaneous, synchronous, and consistent peeling depth across the machine's length and width.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc-shaped support plate extends longitudinally along the traveling direction of the stripping frame, and its lower surface is a continuous and smooth arc-shaped grounding surface. The front end and the rear end of the plate are both curved upwards along the traveling direction. The angle of the front end is greater than that of the rear end, and the position of the starting point of the front end is located in the range of the first 1 / 5 to the first 1 / 3 of the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate. Unlike existing technologies that employ point contact, rolling, or partial planar contact, this invention utilizes a large-area relative sliding contact between a large, longitudinally extended, smooth arc-shaped surface and soft soil. The arc-shaped surface with varying inclination angles and the longitudinal extension increase the ground contact area, significantly reducing ground pressure per unit area. The larger upward angle at the front end and the shorter upward guide section (between the first 1 / 5 and 1 / 3) allow the arc-shaped support plate to guide the machine's ascent and obstacle crossing with minimal resistance when encountering undulating terrain with significant height changes, reducing impact and excavation effects on the soil surface. The smaller upward angle at the rear end provides a smoother and more stable transition away from the soil, preventing a descent when detaching from the ground. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped support plate maintains a large contact area in the longitudinal direction, giving the machine a buoyancy effect on soft ground, similar to the principle of a wide sled suspending itself in snow. This prevents the machine from sinking while ensuring stable linear sliding and propulsion in soft farmland soil environments with high moisture content and strong cohesion.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each group of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms includes one floating support arm, and the lower end of the floating support arm is fixedly connected to the position where the longitudinal midpoint and the transverse midpoint of the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate coincide. In the prior art, agricultural machinery contouring or support mechanisms typically employ a symmetrical arrangement of two support arms to resist lateral loads and ensure installation stability; this design has long been considered a fundamental principle for improving structural stability. The design of the present invention breaks with this conventional thinking: each group of terrain-adaptive mechanisms includes only one floating support arm, and the lower end of this floating support arm is fixedly connected to the position where the longitudinal midpoint and the transverse midpoint of the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate intersect, i.e., the geometric center point of the arc-shaped support plate. The design logic of "single support arm fixed in the center" is based on the coupling analysis of the sliding friction force at the interface of the arc support plate / soft soil and the overall propulsion resistance of the machine. On the one hand, multiple independent mechanisms form a multi-point array bearing at the bottom of the machine. The "self-stabilizing effect" generated by the sufficiently long rigid span of the arc support plate itself and the lateral automatic correcting force formed by the longitudinal sliding cooperation between the arc surface and the ground during bulldozing operations resist the overturning moment. Coupled planar support effect is also formed between multiple support points. The single support arm structure is sufficient to ensure operational stability. On the other hand, compared with the double support arm scheme, the lateral additional pressure on the chute during vertical sliding of the single support arm is significantly reduced, eliminating the risk of uneven wear and jamming caused by uneven force on both sides. At the same time, the setting of one support arm reduces the size of the whole machine and reduces the overall processing cost and daily maintenance workload.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reinforcing rib is provided between the lower end of the floating support arm and the arc-shaped support plate. The reinforcing rib is fixedly connected to the side of the floating support arm and the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate, and is arranged along the longitudinal extension direction of the arc-shaped support plate. During operation, the arc-shaped support plate mainly bears the vertical support force from the ground and the longitudinal forward resistance from the traction direction. These two loads are concentrated in a single node area where the floating support arm and the arc-shaped support plate are connected. Since the floating support arm adopts a central single-point concentrated connection on the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate, the edge stress concentration at the single-point connection is relatively obvious. The reinforcing rib is arranged along the longitudinal extension direction, which on the one hand effectively disperses and diffuses the concentrated load from the floating support arm along the longitudinal length direction of the arc-shaped support plate, avoiding excessive local stress that could cause plastic deformation of the arc-shaped support plate or fatigue fracture of the welded joint; on the other hand, the longitudinal extension direction of the reinforcing rib is consistent with the working direction, so that the rib itself will not generate lateral torsion when bearing longitudinal traction force, stabilizing the vertical orthogonal geometric relationship between the floating support arm and the arc-shaped support plate. This design allows the curved support plate to have a higher section modulus of bending resistance while ensuring thickness, forming a semi-rigid, semi-responsive bottom rigid-flexible force transmission path that satisfies the load-bearing stiffness while retaining adaptability to conform to the terrain.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc-shaped support plate includes a sliding plate. The lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate has threaded holes, and the sliding plate has countersunk through holes corresponding to the threaded holes. Countersunk screws pass through the countersunk through holes and are screwed into the threaded holes, thus fixing the sliding plate to the lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate. In actual topsoil stripping operations, the arc-shaped support plate, as a component that directly contacts and slides with sandy soil, is subject to long-term abrasive wear and erosion by sediment. By providing an independently replaceable wear-resistant sliding plate at its lower part, repair and replacement of easily worn parts are achieved. Simultaneously, the countersunk screws are all recessed into the lower surface of the wear-resistant sliding plate, without disrupting the smooth continuity of the grounding surface, reducing cycle operating costs. The detachable and quick-replacement design improves the reliability and maintainability of continuous operations.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among the multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms, the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plates of the two sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms located at both ends of the stripping frame along its length is greater than the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plates of the middle sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms. During the movement and operation of the entire machine, the dynamic load fluctuation amplitude of the arc-shaped support plates at both ends is much greater than that at the middle position. When the entire machine is in the "head-up" state at the initial stage of traction or in the "head-down" state when pushed by the loading equipment behind, the contact specific pressure and overturning moment borne by the support points at both ends are significantly greater than those in the middle area. Using longer arc-shaped support plates is equivalent to increasing the effective grounding area of ​​this key support point, thereby effectively reducing the extreme grounding specific pressure in the end area and dispersing the peak value of the impact load. At the same time, the combination layout of the long arc-shaped plates at both ends with the standard length plates in the middle solves the problem of uneven grounding characteristics along the length of the entire machine, giving the entire machine excellent sliding passability in each section and extending the service life of the entire machine.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil guiding mechanism includes a flow guiding structure disposed at the discharge end of the conveying mechanism and a soil guiding plate docking with the flow guiding structure. The lateral width of the soil guiding plate is smaller than the lateral width of the conveying mechanism. The flow guiding structure includes a sidewall and a soil guiding plate. The sidewall is disposed around the discharge port of the conveying mechanism and has a gap with the conveying mechanism. A flexible baffle is provided at the gap. One side of the flexible baffle is fixed to the sidewall, and the other side abuts against the outer periphery of the conveying mechanism. The lateral width of the soil guiding plate is smaller than the lateral width of the conveying mechanism, which solves the problem that the lateral soil discharge coverage area of ​​the existing equipment is too large and cannot be matched and docked with the hopper of the narrow-width transfer and loading equipment behind it. A gap exists between the sidewall and the outer periphery of the conveying mechanism, and a flexible baffle is provided at this gap. One side of the flexible baffle is fixed to the sidewall, and the other side abuts against the outer periphery of the conveying mechanism. This flexible sealing connection structure not only prevents soil from splashing outwards and leaking sideways at the beginning of the flow, but also accommodates the dynamic positional changes between the moving parts and the fixed structure through the deformation of the flexible baffle itself during the rotation of the conveying mechanism, thus avoiding the contradiction between soil leakage caused by excessively large gaps or mechanical interference caused by excessively small gaps in traditional rigid systems.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide plate is configured to slope downwards and outwards along the flow direction of soil conveying and discharging, and smoothly connect with the soil guide plate. The tilt angle is designed within a specific range of 25° to 40°, allowing the soil to smoothly slide onto the soil guide plate under its own weight when it exits the conveying mechanism and enters the guide transition channel, without accumulating or arching on the surface of the guide plate. Furthermore, the guide cavity on the inner side of the guide plate is configured with a gradually narrowing cross-section geometry along the conveying direction, meaning the channel cross-section gradually narrows towards the outlet of the soil guide plate, gradually concentrating the diffused soil and ultimately ensuring precise discharge from the narrower side of the soil guide plate towards the discharge outlet, facilitating accurate material flow connection with subsequent transfer docking equipment. The aforementioned soil guide mechanism achieves the synergistic coupling of four anti-scattering functional layers: wide inlet and narrow outlet, flexible sealing, gradually narrowing guide, and self-weight discharge, effectively solving the problem of soil scattering during topsoil stripping operations.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sealing element is provided at the opening of the sliding groove of the fixed base. The sealing element is sleeved on the outer periphery of the floating support arm, with its inner side slidingly abutting against the floating support arm and its outer side fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove. The sealing element is sleeved around the outer periphery of the floating support arm, with its inner surface forming a sliding seal with the outer cylindrical surface of the floating support arm, and its outer side fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove. During continuous operation, it acts as a barrier, preventing hard impurities such as external sand, mud, and plant debris from entering the sliding friction pair along the sliding groove, ensuring that the entire terrain-adaptive support mechanism can work stably for a long time under complex field conditions such as dust, mud, and moisture.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) The fundamental defect of the existing technology is that the support structure (frame, wheels, tracks) is only responsible for bearing and moving, and has no active adaptability to the undulation of the ground. When the whole machine encounters a ground protrusion, the support structure will lift the whole machine, causing the rotary tillage mechanism and stripping shovel fixed to the frame to rise accordingly, and the stripping depth will become shallower. When encountering a concave terrain, the whole machine will sink or tilt forward, and the stripping shovel will cut too deep, causing local over-digging. This phenomenon of the whole machine rigidly tilting with the terrain is the fundamental reason for the deviation of the stripping depth in each undulating slope. Even if the existing device is equipped with additional contour wheels, sensors and hydraulic actuators for depth compensation, its serial control method of detection before action can only correct after the deviation occurs, and still cannot prevent the deviation from occurring, because the root cause of the deviation is that the support structure itself does not have the ability to actively adapt to the terrain.

[0020] In this invention, when the ground undulates, the arc-shaped support plate is directly driven by the terrain, causing the floating support arm to slide vertically along the vertical groove of the fixed base. The sliding connection constrains the floating support arm to only perform vertical linear movement, ensuring that the arc-shaped support plate maintains a horizontal posture during its up-and-down floating. Simultaneously, the elastic buffer is compressed or extended, absorbing impact and continuously maintaining ground pressure. The essence of this structure lies in transforming the traditional mode of rigidly tilting the entire machine with the terrain into a completely new mode where each set of support mechanisms floats independently vertically while the frame remains horizontal. Multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms are independently deployed without any linkages or hydraulic connections. Each set independently responds to the surface undulations at its corresponding location. When a certain part of the ground protrudes, the arc-shaped support plate at that location floats up, while the support mechanisms at other locations remain unchanged. Therefore, the entire machine frame does not tilt as a whole, but always maintains an approximately horizontal posture.

[0021] (2) Although existing tracked devices are an improvement over wheeled devices, their grounding pressure is concentrated under each load-bearing wheel and is extremely unevenly distributed; moreover, the track is essentially a rigid integral grounding system, which cannot achieve multi-point independent self-adaptation. This invention uses multiple sets of independently arranged arc-shaped support plates that extend longitudinally along the direction of travel and are raised at the front and rear to form a sled-like structure. Multiple sets together constitute a sliding grounding system. The lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate is a continuous and smooth arc-shaped grounding surface. When bearing load, the weight of the whole machine is evenly distributed to the large area of ​​longitudinally extended grounding surface through each set of support plates. There is no local stress concentration, and the grounding specific pressure is significantly lower than the ultimate bearing capacity of soft soil. At the same time, the arc-shaped support plate adopts sliding rather than rolling grounding, which will not dig trenches or form rolling ruts on the soft soil surface, thus protecting the soil structure to a certain extent. The front-end raised angle is greater than the rear-end raised angle, and the raised starting point is located at the front 1 / 5 to the front 1 / 3 of the limit, so that the arc-shaped support plate can climb with less resistance when crossing obstacles and transition smoothly when detaching from the soil, taking into account both passability and fit.

[0022] (3) In this invention, each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanism is equipped with only one floating support arm, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the overlapping position of the longitudinal midpoint and the transverse midpoint on the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate. This design is based on the multi-point array bearing formed by multiple independent mechanisms and the longitudinal span self-stabilizing effect of the arc-shaped support plate. The coupling planar support of multiple mechanisms, combined with the sliding friction restoring force between the arc-shaped curved surface and the ground, is sufficient to resist the overturning moment. At the same time, the lateral additional pressure of a single support arm on the slide groove is significantly reduced during the vertical sliding process, eliminating the risk of uneven wear and jamming caused by the uneven force on the double support arms. Compared with the existing topsoil stripping equipment, the simplified sliding parts of this invention significantly reduce the processing accuracy requirements and daily maintenance workload.

[0023] (4) The soil guiding mechanism of the present invention solves the problem that the traditional equipment has too large a lateral soil discharge coverage area and cannot match and connect with the hopper of the narrow loading equipment behind it. At the same time, the flexible baffle forms an elastic sealing connection between the baffle and the conveying mechanism, which not only prevents soil from splashing and leaking from the gap, but also accommodates dynamic position changes through its own deformation during the rotation of the conveying mechanism, avoiding the contradiction of soil leakage due to excessive rigid gap or mechanical interference due to excessive rigid gap. The tilt angle of the guide plate allows the soil to slide smoothly onto the guide plate without accumulation after it is discharged, relying on its own weight component. The guide cavity with a gradually narrowing cross section gradually gathers and concentrates the wide soil, and finally discharges it accurately. At the same time, the reduction in the size of the guide plate further reduces the weight of the entire machine body. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the terrain-adaptive support mechanism of the rotary tillage topsoil stripping device of the present invention in one state. Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the terrain-adaptive support mechanism of the rotary tillage topsoil stripping device of the present invention in another state. Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the terrain-adaptive support mechanism of the rotary tillage topsoil stripping device of the present invention in another state. Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the terrain-adaptive support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the soil guiding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the arc-shaped support plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the terrain-adaptive support mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names: 1. Peeling frame; 2. Terrain-adaptive support mechanism; 20. Fixed base; 200. Slide groove; 201. Seal; 21. Floating support arm; 210. Slider; 2100. Through hole; 211. Reinforcing rib; 22. Elastic buffer; 23. Arc-shaped support plate; 231. Slide plate; 232. Front end raised; 233. Rear end raised; 234. Center point; 3. Rotary tillage mechanism; 4. Conveying mechanism; 5. Soil guiding mechanism; 50. Side guard; 51. Guide plate; 52. Soil guiding plate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that this invention is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0027] Example 1 This embodiment provides a rotary tillage topsoil stripping device. Unlike the existing technology where the whole machine tilts as the ground undulates, resulting in excessive or shallow stripping depth deviations in each undulating slope section, this invention achieves the horizontal maintenance of the frame and a constant stripping depth through multiple sets of independent terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2.

[0028] As shown in the figure, the rotary tillage topsoil stripping device includes a stripping frame 1 extending in the front-to-back direction (i.e., the direction of travel). At the bottom of the stripping frame 1, multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2 are arranged at intervals along the length of the frame itself. These support mechanisms are independent of each other, without any rigid linkages, hydraulic pipeline series connections, or electronic control linkage mechanisms. The movement of each set is completely decoupled, and it can independently respond to local terrain changes at its respective support position.

[0029] Taking any one of the terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2 as an example, the mechanism is mainly composed of four basic components: a fixed base 20 that is fixedly installed on the upper part of the stripping frame 1; a floating support arm 21 with a slider 210 on the upper end; an elastic buffer 22 arranged inside the fixed base 20 (in this embodiment, a cylindrical metal compression helical spring is used); and an arc-shaped support plate 23 that directly contacts and slides with the stripped ground surface when the whole machine is in operation.

[0030] The specific connection is as follows: A vertical groove 200, extending vertically through the main structure of the fixed base 20, is machined inside. The slider 210 is precisely embedded in the inner cavity of the vertical groove 200, forming a sliding fit based on a hole, thereby ensuring that the floating support arm 21 can only move smoothly back and forth in a straight line in the vertical direction relative to the fixed base 20. The lower end of the floating support arm 21 is rigidly fixed to the center area of ​​the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23 by welding or high-strength bolts. The arc-shaped support plate 23 is a large-sized sled-like curved plate extending longitudinally along the direction of travel of the whole machine, and its lower surface is a continuous smooth arc-shaped ground surface. The elastic buffer 22, composed of a cylindrical compressed metal helical spring, is placed vertically inside the space of the vertical groove 200, with its upper end abutting against the top end face inside the fixed base 20 and its lower end abutting against the top plane of the slider 210. The spring is always pre-tensioned in a slightly compressed state to maintain initial contact.

[0031] The operating mode of this embodiment is as follows: when the entire machine is pulled forward, the arc-shaped support plate 23 at the bottom of any set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2 is the first to contact the slight undulations of the ground. This is completely different from the existing technology where the contour wheel's point-contact rolling detection and the signal processing via electro-hydraulic methods result in inherent hysteresis. In this invention, the ground force acting on the arc-shaped ground surface is directly transmitted to the fixed floating support arm 21 above it. Under the pushing action of the arc-shaped support plate 23, the slider 210 at the upper end of the floating support arm 21 slides vertically upward along the vertical groove 200 inside the fixed base 20. As the slider 210 moves upward, the elastic buffer 22 is further compressed and deformed, and the elastic potential energy is stored in the spring. The impact kinetic energy is converted into elastic potential energy for absorption, preventing vibration from being transmitted to the stripping frame 1. When the arc-shaped support plate 23 crosses the ground protrusion, passes the highest point and enters the concave terrain section, the elastic internal stress of the elastic buffer 22 causes the compressed spring to stretch, pushing the slider 210 to slide down the slide groove 200. Thus, the spring rebound force forces the arc-shaped support plate 23 to always be against and follow the concave curved surface of the ground, and to maintain a continuous fit.

[0032] In the above process, the guiding constraint of the sliding pair restricts the horizontal offset and deflection of the floating support arm 21 and the arc-shaped support plate 23, thereby ensuring that the arc-shaped support plate 23 maintains its inherent spatial geometric relationship with the stripping frame 1 throughout the entire up-and-down floating stroke. Since multiple sets of support mechanisms float independently, when a ground protrusion causes that set of arc-shaped support plates 23 to float upwards, the support mechanisms at other locations remain unchanged, and the entire machine frame does not tilt as a whole, but always maintains an approximately horizontal posture. This fundamentally eliminates the stripping depth deviation caused by the rigid tilting of the entire machine with the terrain in existing technologies, ensuring that the arc-shaped ground surface maintains its direction while undulating with the terrain, allowing the subsequent rotary tillage stripping blades to always plow into the surface soil at a constant cutting angle and fixed depth, achieving a uniform stripping effect.

[0033] The lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23 is a continuous, smooth, arc-shaped ground surface. Both its front and rear ends curve upwards along the direction of travel. The angle of the front end's upward curve 232 is greater than the angle of the rear end's upward curve 233, and the starting point of the front end's upward curve 232 is located within the first one-fifth to one-third of the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate 23. In this embodiment, the angle of the front end's upward curve 232 is designed to be 35 degrees, and the angle of the rear end's upward curve 233 is designed to be 18 degrees. The starting point of the front end's upward curve 232 is located at the first quarter of the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate 23. Through this specific difference in upward curve angles and the specific starting point position, the arc-shaped support plate 23 achieves a gentler upward slope at the front end when crossing a ground protrusion, reducing impact, while the rear end transitions smoothly at a smaller angle, avoiding the downward impact when detaching from the protrusion.

[0034] To address the shortcomings of existing tracked devices where ground pressure is concentrated under each load-bearing wheel and is extremely unevenly distributed, the arc-shaped support plate 23 of this invention adopts a large-area longitudinally extended sliding grounding method. The weight of the entire machine is evenly distributed to the continuous arc-shaped grounding surface through multiple sets of support plates, eliminating local stress concentration. The grounding specific pressure is significantly lower than the ultimate bearing capacity of soft soil. At the same time, the sliding grounding does not dig trenches or form rolling ruts on the soft soil surface, effectively protecting the topsoil structure.

[0035] A sealing element 201 is provided at the opening of the groove 200 of the fixed base 20. The sealing element 201 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the floating support arm 21, with its inner side sliding against the floating support arm 21 and its outer side fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove 200. The sealing element 201 forms an effective barrier between external dust and the sliding cavity, preventing external sand, soil, mud, and water from entering the mating gap between the vertical groove 200 and the slider 210 along the outer periphery of the floating support arm 21. This ensures that the surface of the sliding pair is clean for a long time, keeping the elastic buffer 22 in a free and unimpeded state of expansion and contraction.

[0036] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further optimizes the structure and connection relationship of the arc-shaped support plate 23 and its related accessories.

[0037] In existing technologies, agricultural machinery generally adopts a symmetrical arrangement of double support arms to ensure lateral stability. This invention breaks through this technical bias. In each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2, there is one floating support arm 21. The lower end of the floating support arm 21 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal midpoint (i.e., the center point 234 in the length direction of the arc-shaped support plate 23) and the lateral midpoint (i.e., the intersection of the center lines in the width direction) of the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23, realizing a single-point connection. The single support arm layout greatly simplifies the structure. Combined with the self-stabilizing effect generated by the sufficiently long rigid span of the arc-shaped support plate 23 itself, and the multi-point array bearing formed by multiple independent mechanisms, automatic return to center is achieved during the propulsion of the whole machine by means of the lateral sliding friction resistance of the soil on the arc-shaped support plate 23, which is sufficient to resist the overturning moment. At the same time, the lateral additional pressure of the single support arm on the slide groove 200 during the vertical sliding process is significantly reduced, eliminating the risk of uneven wear and jamming that may be caused by uneven force on both sides of the double support arm.

[0038] A reinforcing rib 211 is provided between the lower end of the floating support arm 21 and the arc-shaped support plate 23. One side of the reinforcing rib 211 is fixed to the side of the floating support arm 21 by a fillet weld, and its bottom is fixed to the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23 by continuous welding. The arrangement direction of the reinforcing rib 211 is completely consistent with the longitudinal extension direction of the arc-shaped support plate 23. Since the floating support arm 21 and the arc-shaped support plate 23 adopt a central single-point concentrated connection, the stress concentration at this node is obvious. The reinforcing rib 211 is set along the longitudinal extension direction, which effectively disperses and diffuses the concentrated load along the longitudinal length direction of the arc-shaped support plate 23, avoiding excessive local stress that could cause plastic deformation or welding fatigue fracture, while stabilizing the perpendicular orthogonal geometric relationship between the floating support arm 21 and the arc-shaped support plate 23.

[0039] A replaceable wear-resistant sliding plate 231 is attached to the lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23. A set of threaded holes are pre-machined on the lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23, and a countersunk through hole 2100 is machined at the corresponding position on the wear-resistant sliding plate 231. During assembly, a countersunk screw is inserted from the lower surface of the wear-resistant sliding plate 231 into the countersunk through hole 2100 and then screwed into the threaded hole of the arc-shaped support plate 23, tightly fixing the wear-resistant sliding plate 231 to the lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate 23. The lower surface contour of the wear-resistant sliding plate 231 is perfectly aligned with the lower surface contour of the arc-shaped support plate 23, ensuring that the smooth continuity of the arc-shaped grounding surface is not disrupted after the wear-resistant sliding plate 231 is attached. During long-term operation, when the wear-resistant slide plate 231 is locally worn due to direct contact with sandy soil, it is only necessary to unscrew the countersunk screws in the worn area, remove the old wear-resistant slide plate 231, replace it with a new wear-resistant slide plate 231 and tighten it again. There is no need to replace the entire set of arc support plates 23 or even disassemble the entire set of terrain adaptive support mechanisms 2, which effectively shortens the maintenance and replacement time.

[0040] In the two sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2 located at the foremost and rearmost positions of the stripping frame 1, the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate 23 is set to 900 mm; while the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate 23 in each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2 located in the middle position is set to 650 mm. During the movement and operation of the entire machine, when in the "head-up" state at the initial stage of traction or in the "head-down" state when pushed by the loading equipment behind, the contact pressure and overturning moment borne by the support points at both ends are significantly greater than those in the middle area. The use of longer arc-shaped support plates 23 increases the effective grounding area of ​​the key support points at the ends, effectively reduces the extreme grounding pressure in the end area, disperses the peak impact load, and ensures that the entire machine does not experience end sinking or uneven weight distribution when operating in soft soil or wet, soft fields.

[0041] The seal 201 uses a labyrinth-type rubber sealing ring. Two lips are provided between its inner ring and the outer circle of the floating support arm 21. Lubricant is applied between the lips and the floating support arm 21, forming an oil film seal during sliding. The outer ring of the seal 201 is embedded in the annular groove of the slide groove 200 opening and secured with a stainless steel clamp. In field trials, after eight hours of continuous operation, no significant mud intrusion was observed inside the slide groove 200 upon disassembly, effectively extending the maintenance cycle of the sliding pair.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and specifically describes the specific structure of the soil guiding mechanism 5.

[0043] Unlike existing topsoil stripping devices that have excessively wide discharge widths, cannot match the narrow-width loading hoppers behind them, and suffer from severe soil scattering, the soil guiding mechanism 5 of this invention achieves wide inlet and narrow outlet with dynamic sealing.

[0044] The soil guiding mechanism 5 is installed in the discharge end area of ​​the conveying mechanism 4. It includes a flow guiding structure located around the discharge end of the conveying mechanism 4, and a narrow soil guiding plate 52 connected to the outlet of the flow guiding structure by bolts. The lateral width of the narrow soil guiding plate 52 is 400 mm, which is much smaller than the original width of the discharge port of the conveying mechanism 4 (about 1,000 mm), and significantly smaller than the overall track width of the tracked walking mechanism used in conjunction with it (about 600 mm).

[0045] The specific components of the flow guiding structure include: a three-sided retaining edge 50 surrounding the discharge port at the rear end of the conveying mechanism 4 (i.e., retaining edges 50 are arranged in the other three directions except for the side that connects with the narrow guide plate 52), and a guide plate 51 extending downwards from the lower end of the retaining edge 50. A 15 mm movement gap is left between the retaining edge 50 and the outer periphery of the rotating component of the conveying mechanism 4. This gap avoids scraping interference between the flow guiding structure and the high-speed moving conveying mechanism 4, and provides sufficient buffer for the smooth passage and avoidance of the conveyed material. A wear-resistant rubber flexible baffle is installed at this gap. One side of the flexible baffle is reliably fixed to the inner edge of the retaining edge 50 by pressure strips and bolts, while the other side extends naturally and elastically abuts against the outer periphery of the conveying mechanism 4 to form a flexible movable contact. This flexible baffle does not hinder the free rotation of the conveying mechanism 4, and effectively seals the gap to prevent fine soil from splashing and scattering outwards from the gap.

[0046] The guide plate 51 follows the natural flow direction of the soil as it exits the conveying mechanism 4, extending downwards (in the direction of gravity) and outwards (towards the narrow guide plate 52), smoothly connecting with the outer narrow guide plate 52. In this embodiment, the tilt angle of the guide plate 51 is precisely set to thirty degrees. The guide cavity on the inner side of the guide plate 51 extends from the inlet surrounded by the retaining edge 50 towards the outlet of the narrow guide plate 52. The guide cavity gradually narrows from a width of 1050 mm to a width of 400 mm, with the cross-section gradually narrowing and converging. Under the combined action of its own weight and flow inertia, the soil accumulates from the wide inlet to the narrow outlet and is constrained within the channel of a specific cross-section. Finally, it is guided from the lateral outlet of the narrow guide plate 52 and precisely discharged into the receiving hopper of the supporting transfer vehicle.

[0047] When the machine is performing topsoil stripping operations, the rotary tillage mechanism 3 loosens and turns over the soil, and the excavated topsoil is quickly conveyed to the discharge end via the conveying mechanism 4. After the soil exits from the wide outlet of the conveying mechanism 4, it immediately enters the guide structure area and is blocked by flexible baffles to prevent it from scattering outwards. Then, under the combined action of the inclined guide plate 51 and the gradually narrowing cross-section, it is constrained to flow directionally within an increasingly narrow channel, and finally all of it is collected at the small cross-section outlet of the narrow guide plate 52 and discharged laterally, which greatly reduces the phenomenon of soil falling, splashing, and dust.

[0048] Example 4 This embodiment demonstrates the scheme for systematically optimizing the arc-shaped support plate 23 in this invention between parametric size selection and stiffness matching of the elastic buffer 22, and further verifies the rationality of the selection range of the front end tilt angle 232, the tilt starting point position, and the tilt angle of the guide plate 51.

[0049] According to testing, this device is compatible with tracked tractors with a traction power of 120 to 200 horsepower. The unloaded weight of the machine is approximately 3.5 tons, and the total weight increases to approximately 5 tons under maximum operating load. To balance the design specifications of stability in soft clay terrain and a peeling depth error not exceeding ±15 mm, the specific geometry of the arc-shaped support plate 23 and the stiffness of the elastic buffer 22 were matched.

[0050] The arc-shaped support plate 23 is integrally hot-pressed from a high-wear-resistant NM400 wear-resistant steel plate. The longitudinal extension length of the arc-shaped grounding surface on the lower surface is 650 mm (for the middle mechanisms) to 900 mm (for the two end mechanisms), and its width is set within the range of 100 mm to 150 mm according to the overall machine width requirements. The angle of the front end tilt 232 is set at 35 degrees, and the angle of the rear end tilt 233 is set at 18 degrees. The starting point of the front end tilt 232 is set at a position 125 mm away from the frontmost point of the arc-shaped support plate 23 (when the total longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate 23 is 650 mm, the length range corresponding to the first fifth to the first third is 130 mm to 216 mm, and 125 mm is slightly less than this lower limit to achieve earlier obstacle crossing), giving the arc-shaped plate good ground climbing and soil removal characteristics. To ensure the machining accuracy of this curved surface, this embodiment uses a five-axis CNC machining center to first make a shaping mold and then mold the plate.

[0051] In selecting the stiffness of the elastic buffer 22, considering factors such as the overall machine weight of approximately 3.5 tons, the average load shared by each set of support mechanisms, and additional dynamic loads, and based on the benchmark of approximately 400 to 600 kgf of force per set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms 2, the elastic coefficient of the elastic buffer 22 is set to 60 Newtons per millimeter, the initial pre-tightening compression is set to 10 mm, and the maximum elastic stroke is reserved to 60 mm. Under these parameter matching conditions, when the arc-shaped support plate 23 encounters typical undulating terrain with a maximum protrusion height of no more than 60 mm, the compression of the elastic buffer 22 always remains within the safe stroke range and will not touch the end stop of the slide groove 200; while when encountering extreme undulating conditions exceeding the limit, the mechanical stop of the slider 210 and the end of the slide groove 200 intervenes to provide rigid protection.

[0052] When the ground depression depth is greater than 10 mm, the elastic buffer 22 extends under the preload, pushing the slider 210 to slide downward along the slide groove 200, so that the arc-shaped support plate 23 always fits the depressed ground surface; when the depression depth does not exceed 60 mm, the slider 210 slides freely within the elastic stroke, and the buffer continuously provides ground pressure; when the depression depth exceeds the 60 mm limit stroke, the slider 210 makes rigid contact with the lower end of the slide groove 200 to prevent excessive sinking and protect the stability of the overall machine structure and working depth.

[0053] Comparative tests were conducted on the tilt angles of the guide plate 51 of the soil guiding mechanism 5 at 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, and 40 degrees. The results showed that when the tilt angle was 25 degrees, the wet clay slid slowly on the guide plate 51, with occasional adhesion and accumulation. When the tilt angle was 30 degrees, the sliding was smooth and there was no accumulation. When the tilt angle was between 35 and 40 degrees, the sliding speed increased, but the impact force of the soil on the outlet of the guide plate 51 increased, causing slight disturbance to the docking of the loading equipment behind. Taking all factors into consideration, 30 degrees was the optimal tilt angle.

[0054] Example 5 This embodiment describes several optional structures for the seal 201. Besides the single-lip rubber sealing ring used in Embodiment 1, a combined dustproof sealing structure can also be used: a mud scraper ring is added to the outside of the seal 201. The mud scraper ring is made of polyurethane elastomer, and its inner hole is interference-fitted with the outer circle of the floating support arm 21. When the floating support arm 21 slides up and down, the mud scraper ring first scrapes away large particulate contaminants such as mud and grass adhering to the surface of the support arm, and then the inner rubber lip performs a fine seal. Tests show that after twelve hours of continuous operation in a paddy field mud environment with a moisture content of 40%, the combined sealing structure keeps the inside of the chute 200 dry and clean, and its sealing effect is significantly better than the single-lip structure. Furthermore, the outer side of the seal 201 and the inner wall of the chute 200 can be fixed using a combination of adhesive bonding and spring clamping to prevent the seal 201 from loosening and falling off under high-frequency vibration.

[0055] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary tillage topsoil stripping device, comprising a stripping frame (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the stripping frame (1) is symmetrically arranged with multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms (2) at intervals along its own length direction, and each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms (2) is arranged independently. Each of the terrain-adaptive support mechanisms (2) includes a fixed base (20), a floating support arm (21), an elastic buffer (22), and an arc-shaped support plate (23). The fixed base (20) is set on the stripping frame (1). The upper end of the floating support arm (21) is provided with a slider (210). The fixed base (20) is provided with a vertical groove (200). The slider (210) is embedded in the groove (200), so that the floating support arm (21) and the fixed base (20) form a vertical sliding connection. The lower end of the floating support arm (21) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate (23). When the ground undulates, the arc-shaped support plate (23) drives the floating support arm (21) to slide vertically along the groove (200), so that the arc-shaped support plate (23) floats with the terrain and maintains a horizontal posture. The elastic buffer (22) is vertically arranged in the groove (200). The upper end of the elastic buffer (22) abuts against the fixed base (20), and the lower end abuts against the top of the slider (210). When the arc-shaped support plate (23) is pushed by the ground protrusion, the floating support arm (21) drives the slider (210) to slide up along the groove (200), compressing the elastic buffer (22) and converting the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and absorbing it. When the arc-shaped support plate (23) encounters a concave terrain, the elastic buffer (22) extends and pushes the slider (210) down, so that the arc-shaped support plate (23) re-fits the ground. The front end of the stripping frame (1) is provided with a rotary tillage mechanism (3), the inside of the stripping frame (1) is provided with a conveying mechanism (4), the outside of the stripping frame (1) is connected with a soil guiding mechanism (5), the soil guiding mechanism (5) is located at the rear end of the conveying mechanism (4), each set of terrain adaptive support mechanism (2) is located outside the stripping frame (1), and avoids each other in space with the conveying mechanism (4) and the rotary tillage mechanism (3).

2. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped support plate (23) extends longitudinally along the traveling direction of the stripping frame (1). Its lower surface is a continuous and smooth arc-shaped grounding surface. Both the front end and the rear end of the plate are bent upwards along the traveling direction. The angle of the front end (232) is greater than that of the rear end (233). The starting point of the front end (232) is located in the range of the first 1 / 5 to the first 1 / 3 of the longitudinal length of the arc-shaped support plate (23).

3. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In each set of terrain-adaptive support mechanisms (2), there is one floating support arm (21), and the lower end of the floating support arm (21) is fixedly connected to the overlapping position of the longitudinal midpoint and the transverse midpoint of the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate (23).

4. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A reinforcing rib (211) is provided between the lower end of the floating support arm (21) and the arc-shaped support plate (23). The reinforcing rib (211) is fixedly connected to the side of the floating support arm (21) and the upper surface of the arc-shaped support plate (23), respectively. The reinforcing rib (211) is arranged along the longitudinal extension direction of the arc-shaped support plate (23).

5. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped support plate (23) includes a sliding plate (231). The lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate (23) is provided with a threaded hole. The sliding plate (231) is provided with a countersunk through hole (2100) corresponding to the threaded hole. The countersunk screw passes through the countersunk through hole (2100) and screws into the threaded hole, so that the sliding plate (231) is attached and fixed to the lower surface of the arc-shaped support plate (23).

6. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the multiple sets of terrain adaptive support mechanisms (2), the longitudinal length of the arc support plate (23) of the two sets of terrain adaptive support mechanisms (2) located at both ends of the stripping frame (1) in the length direction is greater than the longitudinal length of the arc support plate (23) of the middle sets of terrain adaptive support mechanisms (2).

7. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil guiding mechanism (5) includes a flow guiding structure disposed at the discharge end of the conveying mechanism (4) and a soil guiding plate (52) connected to the flow guiding structure. The lateral width of the soil guiding plate (52) is smaller than the lateral width of the conveying mechanism (4). The flow guiding structure includes a baffle (50) and a flow guiding plate (51). The baffle (50) is located around the outlet of the conveying mechanism (4) and there is a gap between it and the conveying mechanism (4). A flexible baffle is provided at the gap. One side of the flexible baffle is fixed to the baffle (50) and the other side abuts against the outer periphery of the conveying mechanism (4).

8. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The guide plate (51) is inclined downward and outward along the direction of soil flow and connected to the guide plate (52). The inclination angle of the guide plate (51) is 25°~40°.

9. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner guide cavity of the guide plate (51) has a gradually narrowing cross section along the conveying direction.

10. The rotary tillage topsoil stripping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove (200) opening of the fixed base (20) is provided with a sealing element (201). The sealing element (201) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the floating support arm (21), its inner side slides against the floating support arm (21), and its outer side is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove (200).

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