Use of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing virus aerosols in a high humidity environment

Abstract

The application provides an application of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing virus aerosols in a high-humidity environment, and belongs to the technical field of atmospheric biological aerosol monitoring and purification. The piezoelectric nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a polymer fiber matrix through electrospinning to form a fiber framework with piezoelectric response; and a surface modification and modification process is combined to form an adhesion layer in situ polymerization on the fiber surface, so that the functional composite fiber membrane is prepared. Compared with a traditional biological aerosol sampling filter membrane, the functional composite fiber membrane can significantly reduce the dependence on the pore size and structural compactness of the filtering material, effectively improve the capturing capacity for submicron virus aerosols, especially for low-concentration and small-particle-size virus aerosols, and can maintain high and stable capturing performance in different humidity environments, and is suitable for on-site rapid monitoring and long-term continuous monitoring of virus aerosols in various actual complex atmospheric environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric bioaerosol monitoring and purification, specifically to the application of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing viral aerosols under high humidity conditions. Background Technology

[0002] As global urbanization continues, air pollution in densely populated areas is becoming increasingly prominent, making air purification and environmental monitoring technologies a crucial component of public health protection and urban safety management systems. Bioaerosols are a significant category of air pollutants, comprising a variety of microbial particles including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with particle sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Viral bioaerosols, in particular, are mostly in the submicrometer or even nanometer range, capable of prolonged suspension in the air and long-distance diffusion with airflow, posing a persistent threat to indoor and outdoor air quality and public health.

[0003] Currently, there are still significant shortcomings in the purification, treatment, sampling, and monitoring technologies for bioaerosols. Furthermore, viral aerosols are significantly more difficult to capture than bacterial or fungal aerosols, and there are fundamental differences between the two.

[0004] In the field of air purification, traditional air purification equipment mainly relies on filtration components such as high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to trap particulate matter. This type of filtration system has a good interception effect on micron-sized bacteria and fungi particles, but its capture efficiency for submicron-sized virus particles suspended in the air is relatively low, and the trapped microbial particles pose a potential risk of secondary diffusion, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-level biosafety protection.

[0005] In the field of environmental monitoring, existing bioaerosol sampling technologies mainly include filter interception, impaction, centrifugal, electrostatic, and condensation samplers. However, these technologies are all developed for large-diameter microbial particles such as bacteria and fungi in dry environments. Their capture performance for submicron viral particles is inherently poor, and these defects are further amplified by high humidity environments, significantly reducing their practicality. Among them, impaction and centrifugal samplers collect particles based on the principle of particle inertial impaction. Submicron-sized viral particles have small inertial mass and are difficult to effectively impact the collection medium. In high humidity environments, water vapor increases the viscosity of the airflow, weakening the inertial motion of viral particles, resulting in extremely low virus capture efficiency. Electrostatic samplers adsorb fine particles through the effect of electric field charging, but their core working principle relies on the stable charging effect of particles. In high humidity environments, water molecules in the air neutralize the surface charge of particles and weaken the electric field adsorption effect, causing a significant decrease in particle charging efficiency and a sharp decline in adsorption stability. Sampling methods most significantly affected by humid environments cannot operate stably in real-world complex scenarios such as damp and rainy weather, or enclosed high humidity environments. While condensation sampling technology can increase particle size through steam condensation to achieve enrichment and improve the collection efficiency of small particles to some extent, the equipment has a complex structure, large overall size, and limited sampling throughput, making it difficult to integrate into existing air purification systems. Furthermore, the equipment's condensation control precision is easily lost in high humidity environments, leading to problems such as over-condensation and sample dilution, which seriously affects the accuracy of viral aerosol sampling and detection and cannot meet the needs of large-scale, continuous high humidity environment monitoring.

[0006] Crucially, the order-of-magnitude difference in particle size between bacteria, fungi, and viruses directly leads to fundamentally different capture difficulties. Filter membranes or sampling devices capable of efficiently capturing bacterial and fungal aerosols often fail to effectively collect viral aerosols. For example, existing technology (PMID: 17041245) discloses a technical solution for bioaerosol collection using polycarbonate filter membranes: when using filter membranes with pore sizes of 1 μm and 3 μm, the collection efficiency for Bacillus atrophus (bacterial aerosol) can reach 94% or higher; however, under the same test conditions, the collection efficiency of the same filter membrane for MS2 bacteriophage (viral aerosol) with a particle size of 10–80 nm is only 68% and 27%, respectively, showing a precipitous drop in capture performance. If combined with a high-humidity environment, its virus capture efficiency will only further decrease significantly, failing to meet the requirements for precise capture. Based on this existing technology, it is clear that current aerosol capture technologies developed for bacteria and fungi cannot be directly reused for the efficient capture of viral aerosols, and are completely unsuitable for complex high-humidity application scenarios.

[0007] In summary, existing bioaerosol capture technologies generally suffer from drawbacks such as low virus particle capture efficiency, poor environmental adaptability, and high system integration difficulty, especially lacking technical solutions suitable for complex atmospheric environments with high humidity. Therefore, developing a novel virus aerosol capture material and method with high capture efficiency, good operational stability, and strong environmental adaptability is of great significance for improving the biosafety protection effectiveness of air purification systems and constructing a sensitive and reliable bioaerosol environmental monitoring system. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the aforementioned defects and shortcomings in the existing technology, the present invention provides an application of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing viral aerosols under high humidity conditions.

[0009] The first objective of this invention is to provide an application of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing viral aerosols in a high humidity environment.

[0010] This invention claims protection for the following: The application of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing viral aerosols in a high humidity environment, the functional composite fiber membrane comprising a nanofiber membrane and an adhesive layer polymerized in situ on its surface; The nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrospinning piezoelectric nanoparticles and polymer fibers. The piezoelectric nanoparticles are piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles or zinc oxide nanoparticles. The relative humidity of the high humidity environment is ≥60%.

[0011] Preferably, the relative humidity of the high humidity environment is 60-80%.

[0012] Preferably, the piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles include one or more of barium titanate nanoparticles, lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles, or lead titanate nanoparticles.

[0013] Preferably, the average particle size of the piezoelectric nanoparticles is 50–100 nm.

[0014] Preferably, the polymer fiber comprises one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyamide, or polyimide.

[0015] More preferably, the polymer fiber has a relative molecular mass of 10,000 to 500,000 g / mol.

[0016] Preferably, the adhesive layer comprises one or more of the following: a polydopamine adhesive layer, a chitosan adhesive layer, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose adhesive layer, or a carboxymethyl cellulose adhesive layer.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of the piezoelectric nanoparticles to the polymer fibers is (0.01 to 0.1): 1.

[0018] More preferably, the mass ratio of the piezoelectric nanoparticles to the polymer fibers is (0.01 to 0.07):1.

[0019] Preferably, the conditions for electrospinning are: injection speed of 0.05 to 2.5 mm / min and voltage of 2 to 25 kV.

[0020] More preferably, in step S2, the conditions for electrospinning are: injection speed of 0.075 mm / min and voltage of 18 kV.

[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the needle type is 16-30 G, the distance between the needle and the receiving plate is 5-50 cm, and the electrospinning time is 3-5 h.

[0022] More preferably, the needle is of type 23 G, the distance between the needle and the receiving plate is 15 cm, and the electrospinning time is 4 h.

[0023] Preferably, the method for preparing the functional composite fiber membrane includes the following steps: S1. Disperse piezoelectric nanoparticles in a polar organic solvent, then add polymer fibers, and dissolve them evenly to obtain a polymer fiber spinning solution; S2. Electrospin the polymer fiber spinning solution to obtain a nanofiber membrane; S3. Modify the nanofiber membrane using a surface modifier, and form an adhesion layer by in-situ polymerization on the surface of the nanofiber membrane, thus obtaining a functional composite fiber membrane.

[0024] The functional composite fiber membrane is constructed by uniformly dispersing piezoelectric nanoparticles on a polymer fiber matrix through electrospinning technology to form a fiber skeleton with piezoelectric response; combined with surface modification process, an adhesion layer is formed by in-situ polymerization on the fiber surface, thereby constructing a functional composite fiber membrane with both self-driven electrostatic effect and chemical adhesion function.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the dispersion condition is ultrasound for 25–35 minutes.

[0026] More preferably, in step S1, the dispersion condition is ultrasound for 30 minutes.

[0027] Preferably, in step S1, the condition for uniform dissolution is stirring for 10 to 14 hours.

[0028] More preferably, in step S1, the condition for uniform dissolution is stirring for 12 hours.

[0029] Preferably, in step S1, the mass-volume fraction of polymer fibers in the spinning solution is 1-25%.

[0030] More preferably, in step S1, the mass-volume fraction of polymer fibers in the spinning solution is 10-15%.

[0031] Preferably, in step S1, the polar organic solvent includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, or acetonitrile.

[0032] Preferably, in step S3, the modification time is 22 to 26 hours.

[0033] More preferably, in step S3, the modification time is 24 hours.

[0034] Preferably, in step S3, the modification temperature is 0–80°C.

[0035] More preferably, in step S3, the modification temperature is 23–25°C.

[0036] During the sampling process, the piezoelectric nanoparticles are excited to generate a piezoelectric effect by the mechanical disturbance or external mechanical action of the airflow on the functional composite fiber membrane, thereby continuously generating or enhancing the electrostatic field on the fiber surface to attract charged virus particles; the adhesion layer ensures that the virus aerosol particles are firmly adhered after contact, preventing them from falling off or undergoing secondary transfer under the impact of airflow.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides an application of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing viral aerosols under high humidity conditions. Compared to traditional bioaerosol sampling filters, this functional composite fiber membrane significantly reduces dependence on the pore size and structural density of the filter material, effectively improving the capture capability of submicron-sized viral aerosols. It exhibits particularly high capture efficiency for low-concentration, small-particle-size viral aerosols and maintains high and stable capture performance under varying humidity conditions. This functional composite fiber membrane can be mass-produced using mature spinning technology, offering advantages such as wide availability of raw materials and low production costs. It maintains high and stable capture performance in various complex atmospheric environments, including dry and humid (relative humidity ≥60%), making it suitable for rapid on-site monitoring and long-term continuous monitoring of viral aerosols in multiple scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture.

[0039] Figure 2Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1.

[0040] Figure 3 The static voltage change of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 under deformation conditions.

[0041] Figure 4 The change in adhesion force of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 before and after being coated with a bioadhesive functional coating.

[0042] Figure 5 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 5.

[0043] Figure 6 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 6.

[0044] Figure 7 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 7.

[0045] Figure 8 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 8.

[0046] Figure 9 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 9.

[0047] Figure 10 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 10.

[0048] Figure 11 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 11.

[0049] Figure 12 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 12.

[0050] Figure 13 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 13.

[0051] Figure 14 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 14.

[0052] Figure 15 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 15.

[0053] Figure 16 Scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 capturing bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol.

[0054] Figure 17The graph shows the capture efficiency of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 for bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol under different relative humidity conditions.

[0055] Figure 18 A comparison of the capture efficiency of the filter sampler equipped with the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 with the Anderson biosampler, SKC biosampler, and high-flow biosampler WL-4H for indoor and outdoor viral aerosols. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in this technical field.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0058] Example 1: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The polymer fiber matrix material is polystyrene (PS), the piezoelectric nanoparticles are tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the bioadhesive functional coating is polydopamine (PDA), the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the concentration of the polymer fiber matrix material in the spinning solution is 15% (w / v), and the mass ratio of piezoelectric nanoparticles to polymer fiber matrix material is 7% (w / w). The specific steps are as follows: S1. Preparation of spinning solution: Add 0.07 g tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles to 6.67 mL DMF, sonicate for 30 min, then add 1.0 g PS (Mw≈200000) and stir for 12 h until completely dissolved to obtain a uniformly dispersed BTO / PS composite spinning solution. S2. Electrospinning: The BTO / PS composite spinning solution was injected into an injection pump with the following parameters set: needle size 23 G, injection speed of the BTO / PS composite spinning solution 0.075 mm / min, voltage 18 kV, and distance between the needle and the receiving plate 15 cm. Spinning was continued for approximately 4 hours, and the solution was collected on a roller covered with aluminum foil to obtain a BTO / PS nanofiber membrane. S3. Surface modification: The BTO / PS nanofiber membrane was immersed in a Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH=8.5) containing 0.5 mg / mL dopamine and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 h. After the reaction, the membrane was thoroughly washed with deionized water and dried under vacuum at 40 °C to obtain the BTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane.

[0059] The pore size of the prepared BTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 965 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 2 The image shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a BTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane. The fiber diameter is approximately 500 nm, exhibiting a three-dimensional interconnected porous network structure with a uniformly coated PDA layer.

[0060] Figure 3 The static voltage change of the BTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane under deformation conditions. Figure 4 The figure shows the change in adhesion force before and after coating with a bioadhesive functional coating. As can be seen from the figure, after the fiber undergoes deformation, the static voltage increases, and the bioadhesive functional coating can increase the adhesion force on its surface.

[0061] Example 2: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, the volume of DMF was 9.49 mL.

[0062] Example 3: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, 0.01 g of tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles were added to 6.67 mL of DMF.

[0063] Example 4: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that the organic solvent was a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide in a volume ratio of 1:4.

[0064] Example 5: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, the polymer fiber matrix material was polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Mw≈100000), and a BTO / PVDF / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared.

[0065] The pore size of the BTO / PVDF / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 932 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 5 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PVDF / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0066] Example 6: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, the polymer fiber matrix material was polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw≈150000), and a BTO / PAN / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared.

[0067] The pore size of the BTO / PAN / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 916 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 6 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PAN / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0068] Example 7: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, the polymer fiber matrix material was polyurethane (PU, Mw≈200000), and a BTO / PU / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared.

[0069] The pore size of the BTO / PU / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 10¹⁶ nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 7 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PU / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 250 nm.

[0070] Example 8: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, the polymer fiber matrix material was polyamide (PA, Mw≈100000), and a BTO / PA / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared.

[0071] The pore size of the BTO / PA / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 843 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 8 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PA / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 250 nm.

[0072] Example 9: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that in step S1, the polymer fiber matrix material was polyimide (PI, Mw≈300000), and a BTO / PI / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared.

[0073] The pore size of the BTO / PI / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 987 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 9 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PI / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 800 nm.

[0074] Example 10: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The preparation was carried out according to Example 1, except that the piezoelectric nanoparticles were zinc oxide nanoparticles, and a ZO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared.

[0075] The pore size of the ZO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 880 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 10 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a ZO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0076] Example 11 Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The PZT / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared according to Example 1, except that the piezoelectric nanoparticles were lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles.

[0077] The pore size of the PZT / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 943 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 11 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a PZT / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 1000 nm.

[0078] Example 12 Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture ( Figure 1 The PTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane was prepared according to Example 1, except that the piezoelectric nanoparticles were lead titanate nanoparticles.

[0079] The pore size of the PTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane is approximately 965 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 12 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a PTO / PS / PDA composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0080] Example 13 Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture. The preparation is carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that the bioadhesive functional coating is chitosan, and a BTO / PS / CS composite functional filter membrane is prepared.

[0081] The pore size of the BTO / PS / CS composite functional filter membrane is approximately 924 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 13 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PS / CS composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0082] Example 14 Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture. The preparation is carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that the bioadhesive functional coating is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and a BTO / PS / HPMC composite functional filter membrane is prepared.

[0083] The pore size of the BTO / PS / HPMC composite functional filter membrane is approximately 937 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 14 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PS / HPMC composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0084] Example 15: Preparation of a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture This embodiment provides a method for preparing a functional composite fiber membrane for virus aerosol capture. The preparation is carried out in accordance with Example 1, except that the bioadhesive functional coating is carboxymethyl cellulose, and a BTO / PS / HMC composite functional filter membrane is prepared.

[0085] The pore size of the BTO / PS / HMC composite functional filter membrane is approximately 968 nm, as determined by mercury pressure measurement. Figure 15 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a BTO / PS / HMC composite functional filter membrane with a fiber diameter of 500 nm.

[0086] Test Example 1: Capture of Viral Aerosols I. Experimental Methods Using single-stranded RNA phage MS2 and double-stranded DNA phage T3 as model viruses, functional composite fiber membranes prepared in Examples 1-15 were used for efficient capture, elution, and quantitative analysis of virus particles in bioaerosols. Polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyamide, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride electrostatic fiber membranes were used as controls. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Sampling system assembly: Under sterile conditions, a functional composite fiber membrane or electrostatic fiber membrane with a diameter of 40 mm is loaded into the filter membrane clamp and sealed, and connected to the flow controller and vacuum pump to form a sampling system; (2) Bioaerosol generation-equilibrium: Bacteriophage MS2 and Bacteriophage T3 were atomized using a bioaerosol generator. After equilibrium and stabilization, Bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and Bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol were generated respectively. (3) Virus capture: Connect the bioaerosol generator-balance device, start the system, and run at 15 L / min -1 Collect bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol or bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol at a flow rate of 12 min; (4) Virus elution: The collected functional composite fiber membrane or electrostatic fiber membrane was transferred to 2 mL Tris buffer and vortexed at 1000 rpm for 15 min to obtain a phage suspension; (5) Fluorescent staining and counting: Take 100 μL of phage suspension, add 10 μL of SYBR Green I dye, and incubate in the dark for 15 min; observe with a 100x oil immersion super-resolution microscope, and randomly select 20 fields of view to count the fluorescent bright spots; (6) Calculation of capture efficiency: Based on the counting results, field of view area, filter membrane area and elution volume, the capture efficiency (η) is calculated with 10 nm ultrafiltration membrane capture as a reference. The calculation formula is η=N / N0, where N is the number of filter membrane capture meters and N0 is the number of 10 nm ultrafiltration membrane capture meters.

[0087] II. Experimental Results As shown in Table 1, the capture efficiency of viral aerosols by electrostatic fiber membranes made of polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyamide, polyimide and polyvinylidene fluoride is only about 30%, while the capture efficiency of viral aerosols by the functional composite fiber membranes prepared in Examples 1 to 15 is as high as 90% or more.

[0088] Figure 16 The scanning electron microscope image of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 after capturing bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol shows that the virus particles adhere to the fiber surface of the functional composite fiber membrane.

[0089] The above results indicate that the functional composite fiber membrane prepared by this invention has a strong ability to capture and enrich viral aerosols.

[0090] Table 1. Virus aerosol capture efficiency of different filter membranes

[0091] Test Example 2: Capture of Viral Aerosols I. Experimental Methods Using the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1, bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol were captured according to Test Example 1, except that in step (3), the flow rate was set to 25 L / min. -1 .

[0092] II. Experimental Results At a capture flow rate of 25 L / min -1 Under the specified conditions, the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 achieved capture efficiencies of 86.7% and 87.3% for bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol, respectively, still exhibiting high capture efficiency.

[0093] Test Example 3: Humidity Stability I. Experimental Methods Using the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1, bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol were captured according to Test Example 1. The difference was that in step (2), the relative humidity (RH) was set to 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% respectively when the bioaerosols were generated and balanced.

[0094] II. Experimental Results The results are as follows Figure 17 As shown, the results of fluorescence microscopic quantitative analysis revealed that, under different humidity conditions, the capture efficiency of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 for bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol remained stable between 95% and 98%. The capture efficiencies of the functional composite fiber membranes prepared in Examples 2-15 for bacteriophage MS2 virus aerosol and bacteriophage T3 virus aerosol under different humidity conditions were similar to those in Example 1.

[0095] The above results show that the functional composite fiber membrane prepared by the present invention is not sensitive to high humidity environment, has stable performance, and effectively overcomes the technical bottleneck of traditional electrostatic reinforced filter materials that are prone to charge decay and efficiency drop in humid environment.

[0096] Test Example 4: Capture of Viral Aerosols in Indoor and Outdoor Environments I. Experimental Methods Using the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1, viral aerosols were captured in indoor and outdoor environments in accordance with Test Example 1. The test was conducted at an environmental monitoring station.

[0097] Meanwhile, for benchmark comparison, the filter sampler equipped with the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 was placed at the same sampling point as the Anderson biosampler, SKC biosampler, and high-flow biosampler WL-4H, and synchronous air sampling was performed within the same time period to determine the background concentration of viral aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

[0098] II. Experimental Results The comparison of the capture efficiency of the functional composite fiber membrane prepared in Example 1 and three different biosamplers for indoor and outdoor viral aerosols is shown in the figure below. Figure 18 As shown in the figure, the functional composite fiber membrane of the present invention exhibits a higher viral aerosol concentration, and the operation process is simpler and the sample elution is more efficient.

[0099] The above results demonstrate that the functional composite fiber membrane of the present invention exhibits excellent capture and enrichment capabilities for viral aerosols and is readily operable in real-world complex atmospheric environments.

[0100] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of a functional composite fiber membrane in capturing virus aerosols in a high humidity environment, characterized in that, The functional composite fiber membrane includes a nanofiber membrane and an adhesive layer polymerized in situ on its surface; The nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrospinning piezoelectric nanoparticles and polymer fibers. The piezoelectric nanoparticles are piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles or zinc oxide nanoparticles. The relative humidity of the high humidity environment is ≥60%.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles include one or more of barium titanate nanoparticles, lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles, or lead titanate nanoparticles.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer fibers include one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyamide, or polyimide.

4. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive layer includes one or more of the following: a polydopamine adhesive layer, a chitosan adhesive layer, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose adhesive layer, or a carboxymethyl cellulose adhesive layer.

5. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the piezoelectric nanoparticles to the polymer fibers is (0.01 to 0.1):

1.

6. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for electrospinning are: injection speed of 0.05–2.5 mm / min and voltage of 2–25 kV.

7. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the functional composite fiber membrane includes the following steps: S1. Disperse piezoelectric nanoparticles in a polar organic solvent, then add polymer fibers, and dissolve them evenly to obtain a polymer fiber spinning solution; S2. Electrospin the polymer fiber spinning solution to obtain a nanofiber membrane; S3. Modify the nanofiber membrane using a surface modifier, and form an adhesion layer by in-situ polymerization on the surface of the nanofiber membrane, thus obtaining a functional composite fiber membrane.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the dispersion condition is ultrasound for 25–35 minutes.

9. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the polar organic solvent includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, or acetonitrile.

10. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the modification time is 22 to 26 hours.

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