A high-precision detection device and method for rock mass displacement for geological experiments

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of rock mass displacement detection, in particular to a high-precision rock mass displacement detection device and method for geological experiments, which device comprises a mounting pipe, the front end of the mounting pipe is provided with a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism is provided with a lifting block, the lifting block is provided with a linkage mechanism, the linkage mechanism is provided with two pull rod pieces, the two pull rod pieces are jointly provided with an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is provided with a plurality of slide rods; the method comprises the following steps: rock mass drilling, detection equipment insertion, equipment installation and detection operation. The first and second infrared distance detection components are arranged to accurately detect the position changes of the positioning block and the abutting rod, dynamically obtain the rock mass displacement, and the equipment is convenient to quickly install, can automatically perform detection operation after installation, realizes multi-point accurate detection, and improves the detection quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass displacement detection technology, and in particular to a high-precision detection device and method for rock mass displacement in geological experiments. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional displacement monitoring methods, such as convergent displacement gauges, multi-point displacement gauges, and pressure gauges, require personnel to go to the site to measure and collect data. This results in delayed monitoring information, high labor costs, and low work efficiency.

[0003] With the continuous advancement of sensor technology, the use of tunnel monitoring equipment has evolved from manual monitoring to automated monitoring of multiple information sources. Currently, research on automatic monitoring has made some progress, and automatic monitoring methods have been applied in some areas. However, existing automatic monitoring methods suffer from problems such as high equipment costs, cumbersome installation processes, and the inability to guarantee the real-time transmission and viewing of displacement measurement data, as well as inconvenience in monitoring. Furthermore, if displacement measurement data can be effectively used to predict rock mass displacement, it will help on-site personnel to fully grasp the changing trends of rock mass displacement.

[0004] A rock mass displacement prediction method, disclosed in announcement number CN104121845B, includes a monitoring device comprising: an anchor body, a positioning ring, an inductively modulated frequency displacement sensor, and a protective component. The inductively modulated frequency displacement sensor includes an iron core and a solenoid coil. The outer circumference of the positioning ring is fixedly connected to the rock mass, and the positioning ring has a through hole through which the anchor body passes and is detachably connected to the iron core. The protective component is fixedly connected to the solenoid coil. This invention fully utilizes the anchor structure as a means of supporting surrounding rock, facilitating real-time transmission and viewing of displacement monitoring data. Furthermore, it predicts rock mass displacement data using a displacement prediction evolutionary limit learning machine model, demonstrating foresight. This method effectively utilizes displacement monitoring data to predict rock mass displacement, enabling on-site personnel to fully understand the changing trends of rock mass displacement and providing certain guiding significance in engineering.

[0005] The above technical solution is not convenient for adjustment and quick installation according to actual conditions, and it cannot fully perform detection operations at multiple locations within the rock mass, so improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a high-precision detection device and method for detecting rock mass displacement in geological experiments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments includes an installation pipe fitting. The front end of the installation pipe fitting is provided with a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is provided with a lifting block. The lifting block is provided with a linkage mechanism. The linkage mechanism is provided with two pull rods. The two pull rods are jointly provided with an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is provided with multiple sliding rods. The sliding rod penetrates the mounting pipe and extends into the mounting pipe. A first infrared distance detection component is fixed at one end of the sliding rod located inside the mounting pipe. A disc component is installed at the rear end of the mounting pipe. The disc component has an abutting mechanism inside. The abutting mechanism has multiple abutting rods and multiple connecting discs. A second infrared distance detection component is installed on the connecting discs. A reflector is installed at one end of the abutting rod inside the mounting pipe. The disc component is fixed to a reflective tube at the middle of one end inside the mounting tube. The axis of the first infrared distance detection component and the axis of the reflective tube are intersected and perpendicularly arranged.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by setting a first infrared distance detection component and a second infrared distance detection component, can accurately detect changes in the position of positioning blocks and contact rods, dynamically acquire rock mass displacement, and at the same time, the equipment is easy to install quickly and can automatically perform detection operations after installation, achieving accurate detection at multiple points and improving the quality of detection.

[0009] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes an abutting ring disposed at the front end of the mounting pipe fitting, and a rotating ring fitting is rotatably sleeved at the end of the abutting ring fitting away from the mounting pipe fitting; A square frame is fixed inside the contact ring, and the lifting block is slidably installed inside the square frame. An electric telescopic rod is rotatably installed between the lifting block and the contact ring. The contact ring is provided with a telescopic mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is provided with multiple pressure rods. The multiple pressure rods are arranged in a circle, and the circle formed by the multiple pressure rods is coaxial with the contact ring, the rotating ring and the mounting pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the contact ring is a ring structure with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the mounting pipe. When drilling, the diameter of the hole is made smaller than the inner diameter of the contact ring, allowing the rotating ring to rotate. Meanwhile, the square frame and the contact ring are connected by welding to ensure the connection is firm and to allow the lifting block to move up and down inside the square frame. The two ends of the lifting block pass through the two ends of the square frame to connect with the electric telescopic rod and the swing rod. The telescopic mechanism enables one of the tie rods to operate, which provides power for the rotation of the rotating ring, so that the rotating ring drives the other tie rods to move the pressure rod.

[0011] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism includes multiple linkage rods that are slidably installed at equal intervals within the contact ring, and multiple pressure rods are respectively rotatably sleeved on one end of the multiple linkage rods located within the contact ring; Both the pressure rod and the lifting block are rotatably sleeved with diagonal tie rods, and multiple diagonal tie rods are rotatably sleeved on the rotating ring at equal intervals.

[0012] Furthermore, the linkage rod is installed through the contact ring, which can drive the pressure rod to move along the direction of the contact ring. When the piston rod of the electric telescopic rod extends, it can cause the lifting block to move away from the center of the contact ring within the square frame. The movement of the lifting block can drive the diagonal tie rod sleeved on it to push the rotating ring to rotate. The rotation of the rotating ring can drive other diagonal tie rods to move. The increased distance between the diagonal tie rod and the linkage rod will cause the linkage rod to move the pressure rod away from the center of the contact ring. The pressure rod will abut against the side wall of the hole to fix the position between the contact ring and the hole.

[0013] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a fixed rod fixed to one side of the lifting block, the mounting pipe is slidably mounted on the fixed rod, a swing rod is rotatably connected to one side of the lifting block, a movable ring is rotatably connected to one end of the swing rod, the movable ring is slidably mounted on the mounting pipe, and both pull rods are fixedly connected to the movable ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixed rods ensure the smoothness of the lifting and lowering of the installation pipe. When the lifting block moves away from the center of the contact ring within the square frame, it causes one end of the swing rod to descend, thus moving the swing rod. This allows the other end of the swing rod to move the moving ring towards the contact ring, which in turn moves the two pull rods towards the contact ring, providing power to define the position of the installation pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes two fixing rings fixedly fitted onto the mounting pipe fitting, a plurality of bearing frames fixed at equal intervals on the fixing rings, a round pipe fitting inside the bearing frame, the round pipe fitting penetrating the mounting pipe fitting, a sliding rod fitting slidably installed inside the round pipe fitting, and a positioning block fixed at the upper end of the sliding rod fitting, the positioning block fitting being located at the upper end of the bearing frame; Two tie rods are slidably installed on both sides of the fixed ring. Two movable rings are fixed together on the two tie rods. The two movable rings are slidably installed on the mounting pipe fitting. The two movable rings are respectively set on one side of the two fixed rings. The movable ring is provided with an elastic mechanism, which is connected to the round tube and the sliding rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the fixed ring and the mounting pipe are fixedly connected, and the two tie rods are slidably installed on both sides of the fixed ring. When the tie rods follow the moving ring to move towards the contacting ring, they will drive the moving ring to move towards the fixed ring. When the moving ring moves, the spring can push the mounting plate to move with the moving ring. When the mounting plate moves towards the support frame along with the moving ring, the diagonal rod will be squeezed by external force. Since the lateral distance between the round tube and the sliding rod and the mounting plate remains unchanged, the external force on the diagonal rod will be transmitted to the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly. The two gears mesh, causing the two diagonal rods to move in opposite directions, which will increase the distance between the two diagonal rods. That is, the diagonal rods move in a direction parallel to the round tube. The diagonal rod at the lower end will push the double gear meshing assembly to move on the mounting plate, which will cause the diagonal rod at the upper end to push the sliding rod to move away from the mounting tube, and cause the positioning block to move away from the mounting tube, that is, the positioning block and the side wall of the hole abut. When the positioning block and the hole abut against the outer wall, if the pressure rod has not yet abutted against the side wall of the hole, the positional relationship between the positioning block and the mounting tube will not change. This causes the external force on the inclined rod to be transmitted to the mounting plate through the double gear meshing assembly. The mounting plate squeezes the spring, causing the mounting plate to move away from the moving ring along the direction of the limiting rod. When the rock mass changes position or moves, the positioning block will move synchronously with the rock mass at the contact position in the direction away from or towards the installation pipe. At this time, the spring will extend and retract synchronously, so that the positioning block can fully contact the rock mass at the contact position and there will be no loosening. That is, the positioning block will drive the sliding rod and the first infrared distance detection component to move. The first infrared distance detection component emits light towards the reflective tube. The reflective tube is a cylindrical component that emits light. The light emitted by the first infrared distance detection component is reflected by the reflective tube and then received by the first infrared distance detection component again. This allows the distance between the first infrared distance detection component and the reflective tube to be determined. The first infrared distance detection component is an existing component, and a wireless signal transmission component is installed on the first infrared distance detection component to wirelessly transmit the received information so that external control equipment can receive and process the information and understand the changes in the position between the first infrared distance detection component and the reflective tube. The aforementioned positioning blocks can be adjusted individually according to actual conditions to achieve precise detection of multiple points on the inner wall of the hole.

[0017] Preferably, the elastic mechanism includes multiple mounting plates evenly spaced on one side of the moving ring. A double gear meshing assembly is slidably mounted on the side of the mounting plate near the support frame. An inclined rod is fixed on each of the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly. The inclined rod at the lower end is rotatably connected to the lower end of the round tube, and the inclined rod at the upper end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the sliding rod. Two limiting rods are slidably installed on one end of the mounting plate near the mounting pipe. Both limiting rods are fixed on the fixing ring. A spring is sleeved on the limiting rod, and the two ends of the spring are fixed to the limiting rod and the mounting plate, respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, multiple mounting plates are respectively set on one side of multiple support frames, and the support frames are arranged in a U-shape, with the open end of the support frame corresponding to the mounting plate; When the mounting plate moves with the moving ring under the action of the spring, it can drive the double gear meshing assembly to move, so that the angle between the two inclined rods on the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly increases. At the same time, because the position of the round tube is fixed, the double gear meshing assembly will rise and fall relative to the mounting plate, which can push the sliding rod to move the positioning block away from the mounting tube, so that the positioning block abuts against the inner wall of the hole.

[0019] Preferably, the abutting mechanism includes multiple collars that are rotatably sleeved on the disc component at equal intervals, and multiple abutting rods that are slidably installed in the collars respectively. A reflector component is fixed to one end of each abutting rod located inside the mounting tube. A moving mechanism is fixedly connected to both the collar and the abutting rod, and the connecting disc is mounted on the moving mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the collar can drive the abutting rod to rotate, that is, when the rock mass moves, the abutting rod can move and rotate to adapt. The second infrared distance detection component and the reflector are corresponding. The second infrared distance detection component can emit light and reflect it back to the second infrared distance detection component through the reflector so as to determine the distance between the second infrared distance detection component and the reflector. At the same time, it can also transmit the information to the outside so that the external control equipment can receive, analyze and process it, and dynamically obtain the rock mass displacement.

[0021] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes a support member fixed to one side of the abutting rod, the connecting plate and the support member are fixedly connected, a horizontal shaft is slidably mounted on the connecting plate, the horizontal shaft is fixedly connected to the abutting rod, a return spring is sleeved on the horizontal shaft, and the two ends of the return spring are respectively fixed to the connecting plate and the abutting rod.

[0022] Furthermore, the bracket can ensure the relative stability of the distance between the connecting disc and the collar. The bracket and the collar are fixedly connected, and the abutting rod can slide through the collar. That is, the distance between the reflector and the second infrared distance detection component can change. At the same time, when rotating, the collar can drive the second infrared distance detection component to rotate through the bracket. The movement of the abutting rod is achieved through the horizontal axis and the return spring.

[0023] Preferably, the multiple support frames on the two fixing rings are staggered.

[0024] Furthermore, by setting the positions in a staggered manner, it can be ensured that multiple positioning blocks abut against multiple points on the inner wall of the hole.

[0025] This invention also proposes a high-precision method for detecting rock mass displacement in geological experiments, comprising the following steps: S1. Rock mass drilling: Drilling operations are carried out at the locations where rock mass displacement detection is required. The drilling depth is set according to the length of the detection equipment, and the drilling radius should be greater than the sum of the radius of the installed pipe and the radial extension height of the support frame. S2. Detect and insert the equipment: Check the components to ensure that both the second infrared distance detection component and the first infrared distance detection component are working properly, and confirm that the external processor can receive the information sent by the second infrared distance detection component and the first infrared distance detection component; insert one end of the mounting pipe with the abutting rod into the hole until the abutting rod abuts against the hole, and at the same time, the pressure rod is also inserted into the hole; S3. Equipment Installation: The operation of the electric telescopic rod causes the lifting block to move away from the axis of the contact ring. The lifting block can push the inclined tie rod connected to it to make the rotating ring rotate. The rotating ring rotates and drives other inclined tie rods to rotate. The other inclined tie rods can drive the pressure rod to push the linkage rod to move away from the axis of the contact ring, so that the pressure rod and the hole are in contact for one circumference. When the lifting block moves away from the axis of the contact ring, it can cause the lifting block to drive the swing arm to move, and the swing arm to drive the moving ring to move towards the contact ring. The moving ring can drive the two moving rings to move towards the two fixed rings respectively. The retaining ring can drive the mounting plate to move towards the support frame, which will increase the angle between the two inclined rods controlled by the double gear meshing assembly. This will cause the sliding rod to rise and drive the positioning block to abut against the side wall of the hole. As the electric telescopic rod continues to operate, the pressure rod and the side wall of the hole are firmly in contact. When the positioning block and the inner side wall of the hole are in contact and the displacement is blocked, the double gear meshing assembly can apply pressure to the mounting plate, causing the mounting plate to squeeze the spring, increasing the distance between the mounting plate and the moving ring, and gradually compressing the spring until the pressure rod fully contacts the side wall of the hole. At this point, the distance between the first infrared distance detection component and the reflector is fixed; and the distance between the second infrared distance detection component and the reflector is fixed. S4. Inspection Operation: Multiple positioning blocks are staggered to enable multi-directional inspection of the borehole sidewall. Changes in the position of each positioning block do not affect other blocks. When the rock mass at the contact point of a positioning block changes, the block moves up and down with it. This movement transmits external force to the spring mechanism, allowing the block to move. Simultaneously, the movement of the positioning block drives the sliding rod and the first infrared distance detection component to move. The first infrared distance detection component, in conjunction with the reflector, monitors distance changes, transmitting this information to external equipment for clear display. When the rock mass at one end of the hole is displaced, the contact rod will move with the rock mass under the action of the reset spring, which will cause the distance between the second infrared distance detection component and the reflector to change. This allows us to understand the distance change and transmit the information to external devices for clear display.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The linkage rod is installed through the contact ring, which can drive the pressure rod to move along the direction of the contact ring. When the piston rod of the electric telescopic rod extends, it can cause the lifting block to move away from the center of the contact ring within the square frame. The movement of the lifting block can drive the diagonal tie rod sleeved on it to push the rotating ring to rotate. The rotation of the rotating ring can drive the other diagonal tie rods to move. The increased distance between the diagonal tie rods and the linkage rod will cause the linkage rod to move the pressure rod away from the center of the contact ring. The pressure rod will abut against the side wall of the hole to fix the position between the contact ring and the hole. The installation can be completed automatically by the extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod. 2. Multiple support frames on the two fixing rings are staggered; through staggered arrangement, it can be ensured that multiple positioning blocks abut against multiple positions on the inner wall of the hole; the positioning blocks can be adjusted individually according to the actual situation to achieve the purpose of accurate detection of multiple points on the inner wall of the hole; 3. The first infrared distance detection component emits light towards the reflective tube, which is a cylindrical component capable of emitting light. The light emitted by the first infrared distance detection component is reflected by the reflective tube and then received again by the first infrared distance detection component, thus determining the distance between them. The collar can drive the abutment rod to rotate, allowing it to move and rotate to adapt to rock mass movement. The second infrared distance detection component corresponds to the reflective plate. The second infrared distance detection component emits light, which is reflected back to the first infrared distance detection component by the reflective plate, enabling the determination of the distance between them. Simultaneously, the information is transmitted externally for reception, analysis, and processing by external control equipment to dynamically acquire rock mass displacement information. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the contact ring and the rotating ring in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support frame in this invention; Figure 4 Appendix to this invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 5 Appendix to this invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the disc component and the collar in this invention; In the diagram: 1. Installation pipe fitting, 2. Disc fitting, 3. Abutment rod fitting, 4. Pull rod fitting, 5. Moving ring fitting, 6. Abutment ring fitting, 7. Rotating ring fitting, 8. Electric telescopic rod, 9. Lifting block fitting, 10. Square frame fitting, 11. Fixed rod fitting, 12. Positioning block fitting, 13. Bearing frame, 14. Round pipe fitting, 15. Sliding rod fitting, 16. First infrared distance detection component, 17. Installation plate fitting, 18. Diagonal rod fitting, 19. Double gear meshing component, 20. Limiting rod fitting, 21. Spring fitting, 22. Pressure rod fitting, 23. Linkage rod fitting, 24. Diagonal pull rod fitting, 25. Swing rod fitting, 26. Moving ring, 27. Fixed ring, 28. Connecting disc fitting, 29. Second infrared distance detection component, 30. Bracket fitting, 31. Reflective pipe fitting, 32. Reflective plate fitting, 33. Collar ring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0029] Reference Figures 1-6A high-precision rock mass displacement detection device for geological experiments includes an installation pipe fitting 1. The front end of the installation pipe fitting 1 is equipped with a locking mechanism, a lifting block 9 is mounted on the locking mechanism, a linkage mechanism is mounted on the lifting block 9, two tie rods 4 are mounted on the linkage mechanism, and an adjustment mechanism is jointly mounted on the two tie rods 4. The adjustment mechanism is equipped with multiple sliding rods 15. The automated components in this invention all utilize existing equipment, and their operation methods and required components are common knowledge to those skilled in the art and require no further explanation. Furthermore, the installation of the supporting components can be adapted to this invention. Moreover, a corresponding information transmission and control component is installed within the installation pipe fitting 1, which can connect with the automated components in this invention to receive external information to control the operation of the automated equipment. It can also receive information from the automated equipment and transmit it to an external control device, which then converts the received information into graphic and textual information for output. The supporting equipment and the equipment connection and operation scheme are all common knowledge in the art.

[0030] In this embodiment, the sliding rod 15 passes through the mounting tube 1 and extends into the mounting tube 1. A first infrared distance detection component 16 is fixed to one end of the sliding rod 15 located inside the mounting tube 1. Movement of the sliding rod 15 can move the first infrared distance detection component 16 to control its position. A disc 2 is installed at the rear end of the mounting tube 1. The disc 2 contains an abutment mechanism with multiple abutment rods 3 and multiple connecting discs 28. A second infrared distance detection component 29 is installed on the connecting discs 28. A reflector 32 is installed at one end of the abutment rods 3 located inside the mounting tube 1. The second infrared distance detection component 29 can detect... The emitted light is reflected by the reflector 32. The angle of the light emitting hole and the receiving position on the reflector 32 is adjusted to ensure that the light can be stably output and received. The disc 2 is fixed with a reflector 31 at the middle of one end inside the mounting tube 1. The axis of the first infrared distance detection component 16 and the axis of the reflector 31 are intersected and perpendicularly arranged. By the perpendicular arrangement of the axis lines, the angle of the light emitting hole and the receiving position on the first infrared distance detection component 16 can be adjusted during actual operation to ensure that the light can be stably output and received. In the above way, it can be ensured that the position of the first infrared distance detection component 16 and the contact rod 3 changes in real time.

[0031] In this embodiment, the locking mechanism includes an abutment ring 6 disposed at the front end of the mounting pipe 1, with a rotating ring 7 rotatably sleeved at the end of the abutment ring 6 away from the mounting pipe 1; a square frame 10 is fixed inside the abutment ring 6, and a lifting block 9 is slidably installed inside the square frame 10; an electric telescopic rod 8 is rotatably installed between the lifting block 9 and the abutment ring 6; a telescopic mechanism is provided on the abutment ring 6, and multiple pressure rods 22 are provided on the telescopic mechanism. The multiple pressure rods 22 are arranged in a circle, and the circle formed by the multiple pressure rods 22 is coaxially arranged with the abutment ring 6, the rotating ring 7, and the mounting pipe 1; the abutment ring 6 has an annular structure, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the mounting pipe 1. When drilling, the diameter of the hole is made smaller than the inner diameter of the abutment ring 6, and the rotating ring 7 can rotate; Meanwhile, the square frame 10 and the contact ring 6 are connected by welding to ensure the connection is firm and to allow the lifting block 9 to rise and fall within the square frame 10. The two ends of the lifting block 9 pass through the two ends of the square frame 10 respectively, so as to connect with the electric telescopic rod 8 and the swing rod 25. The telescopic mechanism enables one of the tie rods 24 to operate, which provides power for the rotation of the rotating ring 7, so that the rotating ring 7 drives the other tie rods 24 to move the pressure rod 22.

[0032] In this embodiment, the telescopic mechanism includes multiple linkage rods 23 that are slidably installed in the contact ring 6 at equal intervals, and multiple pressure rods 22 that are rotatably sleeved on one end of the multiple linkage rods 23 located in the contact ring 6; both the pressure rods 22 and the lifting block 9 are rotatably sleeved with diagonal tie rods 24, and multiple diagonal tie rods 24 are rotatably sleeved on the rotating ring 7 at equal intervals; The linkage rod 23 is installed through the contact ring 6, which can drive the pressure rod 22 to move along the direction of the contact ring 6. When the piston rod of the electric telescopic rod 8 is extended, the lifting block 9 can move away from the center of the contact ring 6 within the square frame 10. The movement of the lifting block 9 can drive the inclined tie rod 24, which is rotatably sleeved on it, to push the rotating ring 7 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating ring 7 can drive the other inclined tie rods 24 to move. The distance between the inclined tie rod 24 and the linkage rod 23 increases, which will cause the linkage rod 23 to move the pressure rod 22 away from the center of the contact ring 6. The pressure rod 22 will abut against the side wall of the hole to fix the position between the contact ring 6 and the hole.

[0033] In this embodiment, the linkage mechanism includes a fixed rod 11 fixed to one side of the lifting block 9, an installation tube 1 slidably installed on the fixed rod 11, a swing rod 25 rotatably connected to one side of the lifting block 9, a movable ring 5 rotatably connected to one end of the swing rod 25, the movable ring 5 slidably installed on the installation tube 1, and two pull rods 4 fixedly connected to the movable ring 5. The fixed rod 11 ensures the stability of the lifting and lowering of the installation pipe 1. When the lifting block 9 moves away from the center of the contact ring 6 within the square frame 10, it will cause one end of the swing rod 25 to descend, causing the swing rod 25 to move. This allows the other end of the swing rod 25 to move the moving ring 5 towards the contact ring 6, which in turn causes the moving ring 5 to move the two pull rods 4 towards the contact ring 6, thus providing power to limit the position of the installation pipe 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes two fixing rings 27 fixedly fitted on the mounting pipe 1. Multiple support frames 13 are fixed at equal intervals on the fixing rings 27. A round pipe 14 is provided inside the support frame 13. The round pipe 14 is disposed through the mounting pipe 1. A sliding rod 15 is slidably installed inside the round pipe 14. A positioning block 12 is fixed at the upper end of the sliding rod 15. The positioning block 12 is disposed at the upper end of the support frame 13. Two tie rods 4 are slidably mounted on both sides of the fixed ring 27. Two movable rings 26 are fixed together on the two tie rods 4. The two movable rings 26 are slidably mounted on the mounting pipe 1. The two movable rings 26 are respectively set on one side of the two fixed rings 27. The movable rings 26 are provided with elastic mechanisms, which are connected to the round pipe 14 and the sliding rod 15. The fixed ring 27 and the mounting tube 1 are fixedly connected. The two tie rods 4 are slidably installed on both sides of the fixed ring 27. When the tie rods 4 follow the moving ring 5 to move towards the contacting ring 6, they will drive the moving ring 26 to move, so that the moving ring 26 moves towards the fixed ring 27. When the moving ring 26 moves, the spring 21 can push the mounting plate 17 to move with the moving ring 26. When the mounting plate 17 moves toward the support frame 13 along with the moving ring 26, the inclined rod 18 will be squeezed by external force. Since the lateral distance between the round tube 14 and the sliding rod 15 and the mounting plate 17 remains unchanged, the external force on the inclined rod 18 will be transmitted to the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly 19. The two gears mesh, causing the two inclined rods 18 to move in opposite directions, which will increase the distance between the two inclined rods 18. That is, the inclined rod 18 moves in a direction parallel to the round tube 14. The inclined rod 18 at the lower end will push the double gear meshing assembly 19 to move on the mounting plate 17, which will cause the inclined rod 18 at the upper end to push the sliding rod 15 to move away from the mounting tube 1, and cause the positioning block 12 to move away from the mounting tube 1, that is, the positioning block 12 abuts against the side wall of the hole. When the positioning block 12 and the hole abut against the outer wall, if the pressure rod 22 has not yet abutted against the side wall of the hole, the positional relationship between the positioning block 12 and the mounting tube 1 will not change. This will cause the external force on the inclined rod 18 to be transmitted to the mounting plate 17 through the double gear meshing assembly 19. The mounting plate 17 will press against the spring 21, causing the mounting plate 17 to move away from the moving ring 26 along the limiting rod 20. When the rock mass changes position or moves, the positioning block 12 will move synchronously with the rock mass at the contact position in the direction away from or towards the installation pipe 1. At this time, the spring 21 will extend and retract synchronously, so that the positioning block 12 can fully contact the rock mass at the contact position and there will be no loosening. That is, the positioning block 12 will drive the sliding rod 15 and the first infrared distance detection component 16 to move. The first infrared distance detection component 16 can emit light towards the reflective tube 31. The reflective tube 31 is a cylindrical component that can emit light. That is, the light emitted by the first infrared distance detection component 16 is reflected by the reflective tube 31 and then received by the first infrared distance detection component 16 again. This allows the distance between the first infrared distance detection component 16 and the reflective tube 31 to be known. The first infrared distance detection component 16 is an existing component, and a wireless signal transmission component is installed on the first infrared distance detection component 16 to wirelessly transmit the received information so that the external control device can receive and process the information and understand the changes in the position between the first infrared distance detection component 16 and the reflective tube 31. The aforementioned positioning block 12 can be adjusted individually according to the actual situation to achieve the purpose of accurate detection of multiple points on the inner wall of the hole.

[0035] In this embodiment, the elastic mechanism includes multiple mounting plates 17 evenly spaced on one side of the moving ring 26. A double gear meshing assembly 19 is slidably mounted on the side of the mounting plate 17 near the support frame 13. Two inclined rods 18 are fixed on the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly 19. The inclined rod 18 at the lower end is rotatably connected to the lower end of the round tube 14, and the inclined rod 18 at the upper end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the sliding rod 15. Two limiting rods 20 are slidably mounted on the end of the mounting plate 17 near the mounting tube 1. Both limiting rods 20 are fixed on the fixing ring 27. A spring 21 is sleeved on the limiting rod 20. The two ends of the spring 21 are respectively fixed on the limiting rod 20 and the mounting plate 17. Multiple mounting plates 17 are respectively arranged on one side of multiple support frames 13, and the support frames 13 are arranged in a U-shape, with the open end of the support frame 13 corresponding to the mounting plate 17; When the mounting plate 17 moves with the moving ring 26 under the action of the spring 21, it can drive the double gear meshing assembly 19 to move, so that the angle between the two inclined rods 18 on the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly 19 increases. At the same time, because the position of the round tube 14 is fixed, the double gear meshing assembly 19 will rise and fall relative to the mounting plate 17, which can push the sliding rod 15 to drive the positioning block 12 to move away from the mounting tube 1, so that the positioning block 12 abuts against the inner side wall of the hole.

[0036] In this embodiment, the abutment mechanism includes multiple collars 33 that are rotatably sleeved on the disc component 2 at equal intervals, and multiple abutment rods 3 that are slidably installed in the collars 33. One end of the abutment rod 3 located in the mounting tube 1 is fixed with a reflector 32. A moving mechanism is fixedly connected to both the collars 33 and the abutment rods 3, and a connecting disc 28 is installed on the moving mechanism. The collar 33 can drive the abutting rod 3 to rotate, that is, when the rock mass moves, the abutting rod 3 can move and rotate to adapt. The second infrared distance detection component 29 and the reflector 32 correspond to each other. The second infrared distance detection component 29 can emit light and reflect it back to the second infrared distance detection component 29 through the reflector 32 so that the distance between the second infrared distance detection component 29 and the reflector 32 can be measured. At the same time, the information can also be transmitted to the outside so that the external control equipment can receive, analyze and process it, and dynamically obtain the rock mass displacement.

[0037] In this embodiment, the moving mechanism includes a support member 30 fixed to one side of the contact rod 3, a connecting plate 28 fixedly connected to the support member 30, a horizontal shaft slidably mounted on the connecting plate 28, the horizontal shaft fixedly connected to the contact rod 3, and a return spring sleeved on the horizontal shaft, with both ends of the return spring fixed to the connecting plate 28 and the contact rod 3 respectively; the support member 30 ensures the relative stability of the distance between the connecting plate 28 and the collar 33, the support member 30 and the collar 33 are fixedly connected, the contact rod 3 can slide through the collar 33, that is, the distance between the reflector 32 and the second infrared distance detection component 29 can change, and when rotating, the collar 33 can drive the second infrared distance detection component 29 to rotate through the support member 30; The movement of the abutment rod 3 is achieved through the horizontal axis and the return spring.

[0038] In this embodiment, the multiple support frames 13 on the two fixing rings 27 are staggered; by staggering, it can be ensured that the multiple positioning blocks 12 abut against multiple positions on the inner wall of the hole.

[0039] This invention also proposes a high-precision method for detecting rock mass displacement in geological experiments, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Rock mass drilling: Drilling operations are carried out at the locations where rock mass displacement detection is required. The drilling depth is set according to the length of the detection equipment. At the same time, the drilling radius should be greater than the sum of the radius of the installation pipe 1 and the radial extension height of the support frame 13. S2. Detect and insert the equipment: Check the components to ensure that the second infrared distance detection component 29 and the first infrared distance detection component 16 are working properly, and confirm that the external processor can receive the information sent by the second infrared distance detection component 29 and the first infrared distance detection component 16; insert one end of the mounting tube 1 with the abutting rod 3 into the hole until the abutting rod 3 abuts against the hole, and at the same time, the pressing rod 22 is also inserted into the hole; S3. Equipment Installation: The operation of the electric telescopic rod 8 causes the lifting block 9 to move away from the axis of the contact ring 6. The lifting block 9 can push the inclined tie rod 24 connected to it to make the rotating ring 7 rotate. The rotating ring 7 rotates and drives the other inclined tie rods 24 to rotate. The other inclined tie rods 24 can drive the pressure rod 22 to push the linkage rod 23 to move away from the axis of the contact ring 6, so that the pressure rod 22 and the hole are in contact for one circumference. When the lifting block 9 moves away from the axis of the contact ring 6, it can cause the lifting block 9 to drive the swing rod 25 to move. The swing rod 25 drives the moving ring 5 to move towards the contact ring 6. The moving ring 5 can drive the two moving rings 26 to move towards the two fixed rings 27 respectively. The fixed ring 27 can drive the mounting plate 17 to move towards the support frame 13, which will cause the double gear meshing assembly 19 to control the angle between the two inclined rods 18 to increase, which will cause the sliding rod 15 to rise and drive the positioning block 12 to abut against the side wall of the hole. As the electric telescopic rod 8 continues to operate, the pressure rod 22 and the side wall of the hole can be firmly abutted. When the positioning block 12 and the inner side wall of the hole are abutted and the displacement is blocked, the double gear meshing assembly 19 can apply pressure to the mounting plate 17, causing the mounting plate 17 to squeeze the spring 21, increasing the distance between the mounting plate 17 and the moving ring 26, and the spring 21 is gradually compressed until the pressure rod 22 fully abuts against the side wall of the hole. At this time, the distance between the first infrared distance detection component 16 and the reflector 31 is fixed; and the distance between the second infrared distance detection component 29 and the reflector 32 is fixed. S4. Inspection Operation: Multiple positioning blocks 12 are staggered to enable multi-directional inspection of the hole sidewall. Changes in the position of each positioning block 12 do not affect other positioning blocks 12. When the rock mass at the contact point of a positioning block 12 changes, the positioning block 12 will move up and down with the rock mass. The movement of the positioning block 12 will transmit external force to the spring component 21, enabling the positioning block 12 to move. Simultaneously, when the positioning block 12 moves, it will drive the sliding rod component 15 and the first infrared distance detection component 16 to move. The first infrared distance detection component 16, in conjunction with the reflector component 31, can detect distance changes, which can be transmitted to external equipment for clear display. When the rock mass at one end of the hole is displaced, the contact rod 3 will move with the rock mass under the action of the reset spring, which will cause the distance between the second infrared distance detection component 29 and the reflector 32 to change, so that the distance change can be understood and transmitted to the external device for clear display.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments, comprising an installation pipe fitting (1), characterized in that: The front end of the installation pipe fitting (1) is provided with a locking mechanism, the locking mechanism is provided with a lifting block (9), the lifting block (9) is provided with a linkage mechanism, the linkage mechanism is provided with two pull rods (4), the two pull rods (4) are provided with an adjustment mechanism, and the adjustment mechanism is provided with multiple sliding rods (15). The sliding rod (15) passes through the mounting pipe (1) and extends into the mounting pipe (1). The first infrared distance detection component (16) is fixed at one end of the sliding rod (15) located inside the mounting pipe (1). A disc component (2) is installed at the rear end of the installation pipe (1). The disc component (2) is provided with an abutting mechanism. The abutting mechanism is provided with multiple abutting rods (3) and multiple connecting discs (28). A second infrared distance detection component (29) is installed on the connecting discs (28). A reflector component (32) is installed at one end of the abutting rod (3) located inside the installation pipe (1). The disc component (2) is located in the middle of one end of the mounting tube (1) and a reflective tube (31) is fixed thereon. The axis of the first infrared distance detection component (16) and the axis of the reflective tube (31) are intersected and set perpendicularly.

2. The high-precision rock mass displacement detection device for geological experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes an abutting ring (6) disposed at the front end of the mounting pipe (1), and a rotating ring (7) is rotatably sleeved at the end of the abutting ring (6) away from the mounting pipe (1). A square frame (10) is fixed inside the contact ring (6), and the lifting block (9) is slidably installed inside the square frame (10). An electric telescopic rod (8) is rotatably installed between the lifting block (9) and the contact ring (6). The contact ring (6) is provided with a telescopic mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is provided with multiple pressure rods (22). The multiple pressure rods (22) are arranged in a circle, and the circle formed by the multiple pressure rods (22) is coaxial with the contact ring (6), the rotating ring (7) and the mounting pipe (1).

3. The high-precision rock mass displacement detection device for geological experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic mechanism includes multiple linkage rods (23) that are slidably installed at equal intervals within the contact ring (6), and multiple pressure rods (22) that are rotatably sleeved on one end of the multiple linkage rods (23) located within the contact ring (6); Both the pressure bar (22) and the lifting block (9) are rotatably sleeved with diagonal tie rods (24), and multiple diagonal tie rods (24) are rotatably sleeved on the rotating ring (7) at equal intervals.

4. The high-precision rock mass displacement detection device for geological experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism includes a fixed rod (11) fixed on one side of the lifting block (9), the mounting pipe (1) is slidably mounted on the fixed rod (11), a swing rod (25) is rotatably connected to one side of the lifting block (9), a movable ring (5) is rotatably connected to one end of the swing rod (25), the movable ring (5) is slidably mounted on the mounting pipe (1), and both pull rods (4) are fixedly connected to the movable ring (5).

5. A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes two fixing rings (27) fixedly mounted on the mounting pipe (1). Multiple support frames (13) are fixed at equal intervals on the fixing rings (27). A round pipe (14) is provided inside the support frame (13). The round pipe (14) is installed through the mounting pipe (1). The sliding rod (15) is slidably installed inside the round pipe (14). A positioning block (12) is fixed at the upper end of the sliding rod (15). The positioning block (12) is located at the upper end of the support frame (13). Two tie rods (4) are slidably installed on both sides of the fixed ring (27). Two movable rings (26) are fixed together on the two tie rods (4). The two movable rings (26) are slidably installed on the mounting pipe (1). The two movable rings (26) are respectively set on one side of the two fixed rings (27). The movable ring (26) is provided with an elastic mechanism, which is connected to the round tube (14) and the sliding rod (15).

6. A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic mechanism includes multiple mounting plates (17) evenly spaced on one side of the moving ring (26). A double gear meshing assembly (19) is slidably mounted on the side of the mounting plate (17) near the support frame (13). Two inclined rods (18) are fixed on the two gears in the double gear meshing assembly (19). The lower inclined rod (18) is rotatably connected to the lower end of the round tube (14), and the upper inclined rod (18) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the sliding rod (15). Two limiting rods (20) are slidably installed on one end of the mounting plate (17) near the mounting pipe (1). Both limiting rods (20) are fixed on the fixing ring (27). A spring (21) is sleeved on the limiting rod (20). The two ends of the spring (21) are fixed on the limiting rod (20) and the mounting plate (17) respectively.

7. A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact mechanism includes multiple collars (33) that are rotatably sleeved on the disc (2) at equal intervals, and multiple contact rods (3) that are slidably installed in the collars (33). One end of the contact rod (3) located in the mounting tube (1) is fixed with a reflector (32). The collar (33) and the abutting rod (3) are both fixedly connected to a moving mechanism, and the connecting disc (28) is installed on the moving mechanism.

8. A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The moving mechanism includes a bracket (30) fixed to one side of the abutting rod (3), the connecting plate (28) and the bracket (30) are fixedly connected, a horizontal shaft is slidably installed on the connecting plate (28), the horizontal shaft is fixedly connected to the abutting rod (3), a return spring is sleeved on the horizontal shaft, and the two ends of the return spring are respectively fixed on the connecting plate (28) and the abutting rod (3).

9. A high-precision detection device for rock mass displacement in geological experiments according to claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple support frames (13) on the two fixed rings (27) are staggered.

10. A high-precision method for detecting rock mass displacement in geological experiments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Rock mass drilling: Drilling is carried out at the location where rock mass displacement detection is required. The drilling depth is set according to the length of the detection equipment. At the same time, the drilling radius should be greater than the sum of the radius of the installation pipe (1) and the radial extension height of the support frame (13). S2. Detect and insert the equipment: Check the components to ensure that the second infrared distance detection component (29) and the first infrared distance detection component (16) are working properly, and confirm that the external processor can receive the information sent by the second infrared distance detection component (29) and the first infrared distance detection component (16); insert one end of the mounting pipe (1) with the abutting rod (3) into the hole until the abutting rod (3) abuts against the hole, and at the same time the pressing rod (22) is also inserted into the hole; S3, Equipment Installation: The operation of the electric telescopic rod (8) causes the lifting block (9) to move away from the axis of the contact ring (6). The lifting block (9) can push the inclined tie rod (24) connected to it to make the rotating ring (7) rotate. The rotating ring (7) rotates and drives other inclined tie rods (24) to rotate. The other inclined tie rods (24) can drive the pressure rod (22) to push the linkage rod (23) to move away from the axis of the contact ring (6), so that the pressure rod (22) and the hole are in contact around one circumference. When the lifting block (9) moves away from the axis of the contact ring (6), it can cause the lifting block (9) to drive the swing rod (25) to move. The swing rod (25) drives the moving ring (5) to move towards the contact ring (6). The moving ring (5) can drive the two moving rings (26) to move towards the two fixed rings (27) respectively. The fixed ring (27) can drive the mounting plate (17) to move towards the support frame (13), which will cause the double gear meshing assembly (19) to control the angle between the two inclined rods (18) to increase, so that the sliding rod (15) can rise and drive the positioning block (12) to abut against the side wall of the hole; As the electric telescopic rod (8) continues to operate, the pressure rod (22) and the side wall of the hole are firmly in contact. When the positioning block (12) and the inner side wall of the hole are in contact and the displacement is blocked, the double gear meshing assembly (19) can apply pressure to the mounting plate (17), so that the mounting plate (17) squeezes the spring (21), so that the distance between the mounting plate (17) and the moving ring (26) increases, and the spring (21) is gradually compressed until the pressure rod (22) fully contacts the side wall of the hole. At this time, the distance between the first infrared distance detection component (16) and the reflector (31) is fixed; and the distance between the second infrared distance detection component (29) and the reflector (32) is fixed; S4. Inspection Operation: Multiple positioning blocks (12) are staggered to perform multi-directional inspection of the hole sidewall. At the same time, the change in the position of each positioning block (12) will not affect other positioning blocks (12). When the rock mass at the position of the positioning block (12) changes, the positioning block (12) will move up and down with the rock mass. The rise and fall of the positioning block (12) will cause the external force to be transmitted to the spring (21) so that the positioning block (12) can move. At the same time, when the positioning block (12) moves, it will drive the sliding rod (15) and the first infrared distance detection component (16) to move. The first infrared distance detection component (16) and the reflector (31) work together to understand the distance change. The change can be transmitted to the external equipment for clear display. When the rock mass at one end of the hole is displaced, the contact rod (3) will move with the rock mass under the action of the reset spring, which will cause the distance between the second infrared distance detection component (29) and the reflector (32) to change, so that the distance change can be understood and the change can be transmitted to the external device for clear display.

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