A medium-length hole blasting device in an underground mine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of underground mine medium-length hole blasting device, it is related to mine blasting engineering technical field, to solve the technical problem of difficult to install hole for energy-gathering tube, easy to slide and fall when medium-length hole blasting in underground mine.The device includes energy-gathering tube, a plurality of claw thorn units are provided on the energy-gathering tube, the claw thorn unit includes fixed shaft, rotating head, thorn rod and elastic element;Energy-gathering tube is externally provided with a sleeve ring corresponding to claw thorn unit, adjacent sleeve rings are connected by connecting rod, and one end of energy-gathering tube is threadedly installed threaded ring and linked with sleeve ring.Limiting thorn rod contraction when installing hole, reduce the resistance of installing hole;After installing hole in place, rotate threaded ring to make sleeve ring move, and thorn rod is opened and inserted into hole wall under the action of elastic element to prevent falling, and reverse rotation can adjust the position of energy-gathering tube.The device is simple in structure, convenient to install hole, reliable in anti-falling, and suitable for medium-length hole blasting working condition in underground mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining blasting engineering technology, specifically a deep-hole blasting device for underground mines. Background Technology

[0002] In deep-hole blasting operations in underground mines, the shaped charge tube is a core component for achieving directional shaped charge blasting, improving blasting efficiency, and reducing damage to surrounding rock masses. Its stability during installation directly affects the safety and effectiveness of the blasting operation. Currently, many deep holes in underground mines have an inclined structure with the orifice facing downwards and the bottom upwards. After the shaped charge tube is installed in the hole, it is highly susceptible to sliding down the hole wall and falling off due to its own weight and that of the internal explosive. This can lead to uneven distribution of the explosive agent, detonator misalignment, and other safety hazards such as misfires and false explosions, seriously affecting the smooth progress of blasting operations and potentially causing casualties and equipment damage.

[0003] To address the issue of ductwork detachment, existing technologies often employ methods such as adding wooden wedges, using tape for binding and securing, or installing additional anti-slip structures. However, these solutions all have significant drawbacks. Adding wooden wedges or using tape creates immense resistance during installation, easily scraping the borehole wall and causing debris to fall, clogging the borehole and affecting installation efficiency. Furthermore, the anti-slip effect is unstable, greatly affected by the flatness of the borehole wall, making it difficult to adapt to the complex borehole environment of underground mines. Additional anti-slip structures are mostly fixed and non-adjustable, making installation difficult, and the position of the ductwork cannot be easily adjusted after installation. If the position deviates, disassembly and reinstallation are required, significantly reducing construction efficiency and increasing construction costs.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a blasting device that can solve the problems of difficult installation of shaped charge tubes in deep holes (especially inclined holes) in underground mines, easy slippage and detachment, and convenient adjustment of their position after installation has become the single core technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of deep hole blasting in underground mines, and is also the technical pain point that this invention aims to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a deep-hole blasting device for underground mines.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a deep-hole blasting device for underground mines, comprising a shaped charge tube, wherein the shaped charge tube is provided with a plurality of claw units, each of the claw units comprising a fixed shaft, a rotating head, a spike rod and an elastic element;

[0007] The fixed shaft is fixedly installed on the energy-concentrating tube, the rotating head is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft, the spike is integrally fixed on the end of the rotating head away from the fixed shaft, and the elastic element is fixedly assembled between the fixed shaft and the rotating head to provide the rotating head with an elastic force to rotate in the direction away from the energy-concentrating tube.

[0008] A collar is fitted on the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube and at the claw unit. When the collar is attached to the outer surface of the spike rod, the spike rod can be limited and fixed in a contracted state parallel to the axis of the energy-concentrating tube.

[0009] Adjacent collars are fixedly connected by a connecting rod. One end of the energy-concentrating tube has an external thread on its outer circumference, and a threaded ring is fitted onto this thread. The threaded ring is fixedly connected to one of the collars by a connecting rod. Rotating the threaded ring can drive all collars to move synchronously along the axis of the energy-concentrating tube.

[0010] Preferably, the tube wall of the energy-concentrating tube is provided with a V-shaped energy-concentrating groove extending along its axial direction, and multiple claw spike units are disposed in the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove. When the spike rod is in the retracted state, it is completely contained in the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove and does not protrude from the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube.

[0011] Preferably, the opening of the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove faces the preset blasting direction, and when the claw bar unit is embedded in the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove, the opening direction of the claw bar is perpendicular to the opening direction of the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove, so as not to affect the energy-concentrating blasting effect.

[0012] Preferably, a blocking block is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube and on one side of the claw unit.

[0013] Preferably, the elastic element is a torsion spring, and a fixed ring is fixedly installed on the fixed shaft. One end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the rotating head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed ring. In its natural state, the torsion spring can drive the rotating head to rotate the spike rod away from the energy-concentrating tube, so that the spike rod is in an open state.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a deep-hole blasting device for underground mines, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. Through the cooperation of the retractable claw unit and the linkage control structure, the claw unit retracts and is stored during hole installation to avoid scraping the hole wall and causing debris to fall, thereby reducing hole installation resistance and improving hole installation efficiency; after the hole is installed in place, the claw unit automatically opens and inserts into the hole wall to achieve reliable limiting and prevent the shaped charge tube from sliding off due to its own weight or blasting impact force, ensuring the safety and stability of blasting operations and adapting to the complex working conditions of underground mines;

[0016] 2. Enables convenient adjustment of the position of the shaped charge tube after it is installed in the hole. No disassembly or damage to components is required. The claw unit can be controlled to retract or open simply by rotating the threaded ring. The adjustment process is simple and efficient, solving the problems of inconvenient adjustment and easy damage to the hole wall or shaped charge tube of the traditional anti-fall-off structure. At the same time, it ensures that the shaped charge tube is firmly limited after adjustment, which does not affect subsequent blasting operations, and improves construction flexibility and work efficiency.

[0017] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the focusing tube in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in the image;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the threaded ring, collar, and connecting rod in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Concentrating tube; 2. Fixed shaft; 3. Rotating head; 4. Spike; 5. Torsion spring; 6. Fixed ring; 7. Threaded ring; 8. Collar; 9. Connecting rod; 10. Blocking block. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described more specifically in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the invention.

[0025] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0027] The core objective of this invention is to solve the problem that in deep-hole blasting in underground mines, the shaped charge tube is prone to slipping and falling off after being installed in the blast hole, and the spike rod is prone to scraping the hole wall during the installation process, causing debris to fall off and affecting the installation efficiency. The invention achieves the technical effects of convenient installation, reliable anti-fall-off, and adjustable position.

[0028] In this embodiment, the deep-hole blasting device in underground mines uses a shaped charge tube 1 as its main structure. The shaped charge tube 1 is integrally extruded from high-strength PVC material to ensure structural rigidity and stability during the blasting process, preventing damage to the shaped charge tube 1 due to blasting impact. V-shaped shaped charge grooves extending along the axial direction are formed on the tube wall of the shaped charge tube 1. The openings of the V-shaped charge grooves face the pre-splitting or blasting direction preset for the blast, thereby achieving directional concentration of blasting energy, improving the blasting effect, reducing damage to the surrounding rock mass, and adapting to the working conditions of deep-hole blasting in underground mines.

[0029] To prevent the shaped charge tube 1 from falling off after being inserted into the borehole, multiple claw units are provided on the shaped charge tube 1. These claw units are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the shaped charge tube 1 and are each embedded in a corresponding V-shaped shaped charge groove to prevent the claw units from protruding from the outer surface of the shaped charge tube 1 and to reduce resistance during the borehole insertion process. Each claw unit includes a fixed shaft 2, a rotating head 3, a spike 4, and an elastic element. The elastic element is preferably a torsion spring 5, which has a simple structure, stable elasticity, and is easy to assemble and maintain.

[0030] The fixed shaft 2 is made of stainless steel and its two ends are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove of the energy-concentrating tube 1. The fixed shaft 2 and the energy-concentrating tube 1 are fixed by welding to ensure the connection strength and prevent the fixed shaft 2 from falling off during the explosion. The rotating head 3 has a circular structure with a through hole in its center that matches the fixed shaft 2. The rotating head 3 is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft 2 through the through hole and can rotate freely around the fixed shaft 2. The outer circumference of the rotating head 3 matches the inner wall of the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove to ensure that there is no jamming during the rotation.

[0031] The spike 4 is made of high-strength alloy steel, possessing excellent hardness and toughness, and can effectively penetrate the inner wall of the borehole for positioning. The spike 4 is integrally fixed to the end of the rotating head 3 furthest from the fixed shaft 2. This end of the spike 4 has a sharp piercing part, with the tip pointing away from the energy-concentrating tube 1, facilitating rapid penetration into the inner wall of the borehole and improving the anti-fall-off effect. When retracted, the spike 4 is completely housed within the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove, not protruding from the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube 1, preventing the spike 4 from scraping the borehole wall during installation.

[0032] The torsion spring 5 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 2. To ensure the assembly stability of the torsion spring 5, a fixing ring 6 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumference of the fixed shaft 2. The fixing ring 6 and the fixed shaft 2 adopt an integral molding structure to prevent the fixing ring 6 from loosening. One end of the torsion spring 5 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating head 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing ring 6. In its natural state, the torsion spring 5 can drive the rotating head 3 to rotate the spike rod 4 away from the energy-concentrating tube 1, so that the spike rod 4 is in an open state, providing elastic driving force to prevent it from falling off. When the spike rod 4 is squeezed by external force, the torsion spring 5 deforms, driving the rotating head 3 to rotate, so that the spike rod 4 retracts into the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove.

[0033] To control the contraction and opening of the claw units and facilitate the mounting and positioning of the energy-concentrating tube 1, a collar 8 is movably fitted onto the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube 1 corresponding to the position of each claw unit. The collar 8 is made of wear-resistant plastic, and its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the energy-concentrating tube 1, ensuring that the collar 8 can move smoothly along the axial direction of the energy-concentrating tube 1 without wobbling. When the collar 8 is attached to the outer surface of the spike 4, it can limit and fix the spike 4 to a contracted state parallel to the axis of the energy-concentrating tube 1. At this time, the torsion spring 5 is in a compressed deformation state, storing elastic potential energy for the opening of the spike 4.

[0034] To achieve synchronous movement of multiple collars 8, adjacent collars 8 are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 9. The connecting rod 9 and collar 8 adopt an integral molding structure to ensure connection strength and prevent the connecting rod 9 from falling off during linkage. The connecting rod 9 is set along the axial direction of the energy-concentrating tube 1, and its length is adapted to the spacing between two adjacent claw units to ensure that multiple collars 8 can move synchronously and realize the synchronous contraction and opening of all claw units.

[0035] One end of the energy-concentrating tube 1 has an external thread on its outer circumference. A threaded ring 7 is fitted onto this threaded end. The threaded ring 7 is made of plastic, and its inner wall has an internal thread that matches the external thread of the energy-concentrating tube 1, facilitating axial movement by rotating the threaded ring 7. The threaded ring 7 is fixedly connected to the collar 8 closest to this end via a connecting rod 9. The connecting rod 9 and the threaded ring 7 are also integrally molded. When the threaded ring 7 is rotated, it moves along the axial direction of the energy-concentrating tube 1, which in turn drives all the collars 8 to move synchronously along the axial direction of the energy-concentrating tube 1 via the connecting rod 9, achieving synchronous control of all claw units.

[0036] To prevent the collar 8 from moving past the spike 4 and thus failing to effectively limit the spike 4, a blocking block 10 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube 1, on the side of each claw spike unit closest to the threaded ring 7. The blocking block 10 and the energy-concentrating tube 1 are integrally formed, and its height is slightly higher than the thickness of the collar 8. This can effectively prevent the collar 8 from continuing to move away from the threaded ring 7, ensuring that the collar 8 can always accurately fit the spike 4, thereby achieving the limiting control of the spike 4.

[0037] The following details the specific application process of the deep-hole blasting device in local underground mines, further demonstrating the practicality of this technical solution:

[0038] First, the charging operation is carried out, and the emulsion explosive or other blasting agents are loaded into the inner cavity of the shaped charge tube 1 to ensure that the explosive is packed tightly without gaps, so as to avoid problems such as misfires or false explosions during the blasting process. Then, the detonator is installed into one end of the shaped charge tube 1, ensuring that the detonator is installed firmly and in the correct position. After the charging operation is completed, the assembly status of all components is checked to ensure that there is no loosening or falling off.

[0039] After the propellant is loaded, the shaped charge tube 1 is prepared to be inserted into the medium-deep borehole of the underground mine. At this time, the threaded ring 7 is rotated, causing it to move closer to the claw unit. The threaded ring 7, through the connecting rod 9, drives all the collars 8 to move synchronously towards the claw unit until the collars 8 are in contact with the outer surface of the spike 4, limiting and fixing the spike 4 in a retracted state parallel to the axis of the shaped charge tube 1. The spike 4 is completely retracted into the V-shaped shaped charge groove and does not protrude from the outer surface of the shaped charge tube 1. In this state, the outer surface of the shaped charge tube 1 is smooth, and the resistance when inserting it into the borehole is minimal. This effectively prevents the spike 4 from sliding inside the hole, causing debris to fall from the inner wall of the hole, thus preventing debris from flowing out of the hole and affecting the hole-filling efficiency. At the same time, it prevents the spike 4 from scraping the hole wall and causing damage to the hole wall.

[0040] Insert the shaped charge tube 1 smoothly into the borehole until it reaches the preset blasting position. After confirming that the shaped charge tube 1 is in the correct position, rotate the threaded ring 7 to move it away from the claw unit. The threaded ring 7 drives all the collars 8 to move away from the claw unit simultaneously through the connecting rod 9. When the collars 8 are completely away from the claw unit, the torsion spring 5 is released from its compressed state and drives the rotating head 3 to rotate around the fixed shaft 2 under its own elastic force. The rotating head 3 drives the spike 4 to rotate away from the shaped charge tube 1. The sharp piercing part of the spike 4 pierces into the inner wall of the borehole, thereby limiting and fixing the shaped charge tube 1 and effectively preventing the shaped charge tube 1 from sliding out of the borehole, ensuring the safety and stability of the blasting process.

[0041] If a positional deviation is found after the energy-concentrating tube 1 is installed and needs to be readjusted, the threaded ring 7 can be rotated in the opposite direction to move it closer to the claw unit. This, in turn, drives all the collars 8 to move synchronously towards the claw unit via the connecting rod 9. During the movement, the collars 8 gradually come into contact with the outer surface of the spike 4 and exert a squeezing force on the spike 4. This causes the spike 4 to overcome the elastic force of the torsion spring 5 and rotate around the fixed shaft 2 towards the energy-concentrating tube 1 until the spike 4 is completely retracted into the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove. During this process, the blocking block 10 acts as a limit to prevent the collars 8 from exceeding the limit range of the claw unit and ensuring that the collars 8 can accurately press the spike 4 into the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove. After the spike 4 is fully retracted, the position of the energy-concentrating tube 1 can be smoothly adjusted. After the adjustment is in place, the threaded ring 7 can be rotated in the opposite direction again to open the spike 4 and insert it into the hole wall, completing the limit fixation.

[0042] After all the shaped charge tubes 1 are installed and secured, the blast holes are filled in layers using clay or water-based drilling mud. Each layer is compacted to ensure a tight seal and meet blasting safety requirements before blasting can commence. During blasting, the V-shaped energy channel of the shaped charge tube 1 concentrates energy in a directional manner, enhancing the blasting effect. The claw units remain open at all times to prevent the shaped charge tube 1 from slipping or falling off due to the blasting impact and its own weight, ensuring the smooth progress of the blasting operation.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can readily implement the present invention based on the accompanying drawings and the above description. However, any modifications, alterations, or variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention, utilizing the disclosed technical content, are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, or variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep-hole blasting device for underground mines, comprising a shaped charge tube (1), characterized in that: The energy-concentrating tube (1) is provided with multiple claw units, each of which includes a fixed shaft (2), a rotating head (3), a spike rod (4), and an elastic element; The fixed shaft (2) is fixedly installed on the energy-concentrating tube (1), the rotating head (3) is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft (2), the spike rod (4) is integrally fixed on the end of the rotating head (3) away from the fixed shaft (2), and the elastic element is fixedly assembled between the fixed shaft (2) and the rotating head (3) to provide the rotating head (3) with an elastic force to rotate in the direction away from the energy-concentrating tube (1); A collar (8) is fitted on the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube (1) and located at the claw unit. When the collar (8) is attached to the outer surface of the spike rod (4), the spike rod (4) can be limited and fixed in a contracted state parallel to the axis of the energy-concentrating tube (1). Two adjacent collars (8) are fixedly connected by a connecting rod (9). One end of the energy-concentrating tube (1) has an external thread on its outer circumference, and a threaded ring (7) is fitted on the threaded end. The threaded ring (7) is fixedly connected to one of the collars (8) by the connecting rod (9). Rotating the threaded ring (7) can drive all collars (8) to move synchronously along the axis of the energy-concentrating tube (1).

2. The deep-hole blasting device for underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-concentrating tube (1) has a V-shaped energy-concentrating groove extending along its axis on its tube wall. Multiple claw spike units are arranged in the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove, and the spike rod (4) is completely contained in the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove when it is in the retracted state, and does not protrude from the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube (1).

3. The deep-hole blasting device for underground mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening of the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove faces the preset blasting direction. When the claw bar unit is embedded in the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove, the opening direction of the bar (4) is perpendicular to the opening direction of the V-shaped energy-concentrating groove, which does not affect the energy-concentrating blasting effect.

4. The deep-hole blasting device for underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blocking block (10) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the energy-concentrating tube (1) and on one side of the claw unit.

5. A deep-hole blasting device for underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is a torsion spring (5), and a fixed ring (6) is fixedly installed on the fixed shaft (2). One end of the torsion spring (5) is fixedly connected to the rotating head (3), and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed ring (6). In its natural state, the torsion spring (5) can drive the rotating head (3) to rotate the spike rod (4) away from the energy-concentrating tube (1), so that the spike rod (4) is in an open state.

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