Underground energy storage heat dissipation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a buried energy storage heat dissipation method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ground temperature field data of a region where a buried energy storage system is located, wherein the ground temperature field data comprises soil temperatures at different depths and a change trend of the soil temperatures over time; predicting a ground temperature change trend within a preset time window after a current time based on the ground temperature field data to obtain a ground temperature prediction result; determining an output power set value of a liquid cooling system and a flow set value of a soil heat exchange branch based on the ground temperature prediction result; and controlling the liquid cooling system to operate at the output power set value and controlling the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the flow set value. In this way, the output power set value of the liquid cooling system and the flow set value of the soil heat exchange branch are determined based on the ground temperature prediction result, so that the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch form a collaborative control, and the technical problems of high energy consumption or uncontrollable battery temperature in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for underground energy storage heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of energy storage technology, underground energy storage systems bury batteries and electrical equipment underground, offering advantages such as saving ground space and good concealment. Batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging; if heat dissipation is not timely, it will lead to increased battery temperature, reduced lifespan, and even thermal runaway. Therefore, thermal management is a crucial aspect of the safe and efficient operation of underground energy storage systems.

[0003] In related technologies, heat dissipation solutions for buried energy storage systems are mainly divided into two categories: liquid cooling systems and soil heat exchange systems. Liquid cooling systems remove heat from the battery through coolant circulation, but these systems rely on continuous compressor operation, resulting in high auxiliary energy consumption. Soil heat exchange systems exchange heat with the soil through underground heat exchange pipes, utilizing the soil's constant temperature characteristics to remove heat. However, long-term operation can lead to heat accumulation, causing a continuous decline in heat exchange efficiency. Some solutions combine liquid cooling and soil heat exchange, but these systems still operate independently, posing risks of high energy consumption or battery temperature runaway.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve effective synergistic control between soil heat exchange and liquid cooling to reduce the energy consumption of the liquid cooling system while ensuring battery temperature safety has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a buried energy storage heat dissipation method, device, electronic device and storage medium, which aims to solve the technical problem of high energy consumption or battery temperature runaway caused by the lack of coordinated control between liquid cooling system and soil heat exchange in the prior art.

[0006] On one hand, embodiments of this application provide a method for underground energy storage and heat dissipation, including: Acquire geothermal field data of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. The geothermal field data includes soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time. Based on geothermal field data, the trend of geothermal change within a preset time window after the current moment is predicted, and the geothermal prediction result is obtained. Based on the ground temperature prediction results, the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch are determined. Control the liquid cooling system to operate at the set output power value, and control the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the set flow rate value.

[0007] On one hand, embodiments of this application provide an underground energy storage and heat dissipation device, including: The acquisition module is used to acquire geothermal field data of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. The geothermal field data includes soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time. The prediction module is used to predict the trend of ground temperature change within a preset time window after the current moment based on the ground temperature field data, and obtain the ground temperature prediction result. The determination module is used to determine the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch based on the ground temperature prediction results. The control module is used to control the liquid cooling system to operate at the set output power value and to control the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the set flow rate value.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, the prediction module is used for: Obtain geological structure data and soil thermal properties of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. Soil thermal properties include at least one of soil thermal conductivity, soil specific heat capacity and soil density. Based on geological structure data and soil thermal properties, a geothermal prediction model is constructed. The geothermal field data is input into the geothermal prediction model to obtain the geothermal prediction results, which include the change curves of soil temperature at different depths within a preset time window.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the determining module is used to: Based on the first temperature difference between the soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results and the coolant temperature in the liquid cooling system, the available heat transfer capacity of the soil is determined. Based on the comparison between the available heat exchange capacity and the total heat dissipation required by the buried energy storage system, the output power setpoint and flow rate setpoint are determined.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the determining module is used to: When the available heat exchange capacity is greater than or equal to the total heat dissipation, the minimum standby power is used as the output power setting value, and the flow rate value corresponding to the soil heat exchange capacity is used as the flow rate setting value. When the available heat exchange is less than the total heat dissipation, the maximum flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is used as the flow rate setting value, and the power value corresponding to the difference between the total heat dissipation and the available heat exchange is used as the output power setting value.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the determining module is further configured to: Based on the rate of change of soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results, the heat exchange efficiency decay curve of the soil heat exchange branch is predicted. Based on the heat exchange efficiency decay curve, the amount of heat exchange efficiency decay of the soil heat exchange branch within a preset time window is determined. When the heat exchange efficiency decay exceeds the preset threshold, a power compensation value is added to the output power setting value to update the output power setting value.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, the determining module is further configured to: The second temperature difference between shallow soil temperature and deep soil temperature is obtained from the geothermal prediction results. Shallow soil is soil with a burial depth less than or equal to the first depth threshold, and deep soil is soil with a burial depth greater than or equal to the second depth threshold, and the first depth threshold is less than the second depth threshold. Based on the second temperature difference, the correction amount for the coolant inlet temperature of the liquid cooling system is determined. The coolant inlet temperature is the temperature of the coolant in the liquid cooling system when it enters the soil heat exchange branch. Adjust the output power setting based on the correction amount.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the determining module is further configured to: Based on the geothermal prediction results, the predicted temperature rise of the coolant in the soil heat exchange branch within a preset time window is determined. Based on the predicted temperature rise, the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency of the flow rate setpoint are controlled; the adjustment step size is positively correlated with the predicted temperature rise, and the adjustment frequency is negatively correlated with the predicted temperature rise. Update the flow rate setpoint based on the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency.

[0014] On one hand, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores program code, and when the program code is executed by the processor, the processor executes any of the above-mentioned buried energy storage and heat dissipation methods.

[0015] On the one hand, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including program code, which, when the storage medium is run on an electronic device, is used to cause the electronic device to execute any of the above-mentioned buried energy storage and heat dissipation methods.

[0016] The beneficial effects are as follows: This application provides a buried energy storage heat dissipation method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium. By acquiring geothermal field data and predicting its changing trends, it achieves a pre-judgment of soil heat dissipation capacity. Based on the geothermal prediction results, it simultaneously determines the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch, enabling the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch to form a coordinated control, rather than operating independently. Specifically, when the soil heat exchange capacity is sufficient, natural soil heat dissipation can be prioritized to reduce the energy consumption of the liquid cooling system; when the soil heat exchange capacity is insufficient, heat dissipation can be supplemented in time through the liquid cooling system to avoid battery temperature runaway. In addition, through geothermal prediction, the power of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch can be adjusted in advance before changes in soil heat dissipation capacity occur. By coordinating the determination of the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch, the two heat dissipation methods complement each other, making full use of the natural heat dissipation capacity of the soil while ensuring battery temperature safety and reducing the auxiliary energy consumption of the liquid cooling system. Furthermore, through power compensation, temperature correction, and adjustment step / frequency optimization schemes, the adaptive capability and control accuracy of the heat dissipation system are further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of an underground energy storage and heat dissipation method in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an underground energy storage and heat dissipation device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.

[0022] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0023] The design concept of the embodiments of this application is briefly introduced below: In the field of energy storage technology, underground energy storage systems bury batteries and electrical equipment underground, offering advantages such as saving ground space and good concealment. Heat dissipation solutions for underground energy storage systems are mainly divided into two categories: liquid cooling systems and soil heat exchange. Liquid cooling systems remove heat from the battery through coolant circulation, but these systems rely on continuous compressor operation, resulting in high auxiliary energy consumption. Soil heat exchange involves exchanging heat with the soil through underground heat exchange pipes, utilizing the soil's constant temperature characteristics to remove heat. However, long-term operation can lead to heat accumulation, causing a continuous decline in heat exchange efficiency. Some solutions combine liquid cooling and soil heat exchange, but these operate independently. This results in the liquid cooling system maintaining high power operation even when soil heat exchange capacity is sufficient, causing unnecessary energy consumption; conversely, when soil heat exchange capacity is insufficient, the liquid cooling system fails to compensate in time, posing a risk of uncontrolled battery temperature. Therefore, how to achieve effective coordinated control between soil heat exchange and liquid cooling to reduce the energy consumption of the liquid cooling system while ensuring battery temperature safety has become a pressing technical problem in this field.

[0024] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for underground energy storage heat dissipation. The method includes: acquiring geothermal field data of the area where the underground energy storage system is located, the geothermal field data including soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time; based on the geothermal field data, predicting the geothermal change trend within a preset time window after the current moment, obtaining a geothermal prediction result; based on the geothermal prediction result, determining the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch; controlling the liquid cooling system to operate at the output power setpoint, and controlling the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the flow rate setpoint. Thus, by acquiring geothermal field data and predicting its changing trend, a pre-judgment of the soil's heat dissipation capacity is achieved; based on the geothermal prediction result, simultaneously determining the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch enables the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch to form coordinated control, rather than operating independently. When the soil has sufficient heat exchange capacity, natural heat dissipation from the soil can be prioritized to reduce the energy consumption of the liquid cooling system; when the soil has insufficient heat exchange capacity, heat dissipation can be supplemented in time through the liquid cooling system to avoid battery temperature runaway.

[0025] The preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application. Furthermore, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 The following is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of an underground energy storage and heat dissipation method according to an embodiment of this application. The specific implementation process of this method is as follows: S101, acquire geothermal field data of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. The geothermal field data includes soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time.

[0027] In this embodiment, the buried energy storage system includes an energy storage chamber buried underground, within which battery modules and a liquid cooling system are installed. The liquid cooling system includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, used to actively cool the coolant through a compression refrigeration cycle. Furthermore, soil heat exchange branches are buried around the energy storage chamber, including heat exchange pipes laid at different underground depths, for heat exchange with the surrounding soil.

[0028] Optionally, the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch are connected in parallel. The coolant is driven by the same circulating pump and dynamically distributed to both the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch via a diversion valve. The coolant from both branches merges after flowing through their respective heat exchange elements and returns to the circulating pump, forming a complete coolant circulation loop. The opening of the diversion valve is controlled by a controller; adjusting the valve opening changes the ratio of coolant flow distributed to the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch.

[0029] In this embodiment, the geothermal field data includes not only the soil temperature values ​​at each depth at the current moment, but also historical records and future predictions of soil temperature changes over time at each depth. Soil temperatures at different depths reflect the vertical temperature distribution of the soil, providing a more comprehensive characterization of the soil's heat storage and dissipation capabilities; while the trend of soil temperature changes over time reflects the dynamic evolution of the soil's thermal state, serving as an important basis for determining the direction of change in the soil's heat dissipation capacity.

[0030] Geothermal field data can be obtained in at least one of the following ways: (1) Temperature data is collected in real time by temperature sensors buried at different depths underground. For example, temperature sensors are installed at depths of 1m, 3m, 5m, and 10m underground. The data collection cycle can be set according to actual needs, preferably once every 10 minutes to 1 hour. The temperature sensors are preferably high-precision thermistors or thermocouples with a measurement accuracy of not less than ±0.5℃.

[0031] (2) The ground temperature prediction model is calculated by coupling meteorological data with soil thermal properties. For example, meteorological data of the location of the buried energy storage system, including ambient temperature, solar radiation intensity, wind speed, etc., are obtained and combined with parameters such as soil thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, and the ground temperature distribution data is calculated by heat conduction equation.

[0032] Preferably, a combination of real-time temperature sensor acquisition and model calculation is adopted, with the actual temperature sensor data as the basis and the model calculation data as a supplement. When the sensor fails or the data is abnormal, the system switches to the model calculation data to ensure the continuity and reliability of the geothermal field data.

[0033] Since the geothermal field data contains time series data on soil temperature changes at various depths over time, including historical change records, subsequent steps can predict the geothermal change trend within a preset time window after the current moment based on the geothermal field data, thereby providing data support for determining the coordinated control strategy of the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch.

[0034] S102, based on geothermal field data, predicts the geothermal change trend within a preset time window after the current moment, and obtains the geothermal prediction result.

[0035] In this embodiment, the preset time window is determined based on the thermal time constant of the buried energy storage system, preferably within the next 4 to 24 hours. The thermal time constant refers to the time required for the battery temperature to reach thermal equilibrium after a change in charging / discharging power, and can be calculated using the ratio of the energy storage system's heat capacity to its heat dissipation coefficient. A longer thermal time constant results in a slower response to temperature changes and a larger required prediction time window, and vice versa.

[0036] Specific methods for predicting geothermal change trends include: First, geological structure data and soil thermal properties of the area where the buried energy storage system is located are acquired. These soil thermal properties include at least one of soil thermal conductivity, soil specific heat capacity, and soil density. These parameters reflect the soil's thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity, and are the basic inputs for geothermal prediction models. Among them, soil thermal conductivity determines the rate of heat transfer in the soil, while specific heat capacity and density determine the magnitude of temperature change when the soil absorbs or releases a certain amount of heat.

[0037] Secondly, a geothermal prediction model is constructed based on geological structure data and soil thermal property parameters. This geothermal prediction model can be a prediction model based on a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) or a prediction model based on a temporal neural network, such as a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network.

[0038] Preferably, a physical information neural network (PIN) is used to construct the geothermal prediction model. The PSN uses the soil heat conduction equation as the physical constraint, geological structure data and soil thermal property parameters as physical parameters, and measured geothermal field data as training data. Current and historical geothermal field data are input into the geothermal prediction model to obtain the output geothermal prediction results. The soil heat conduction equation describes the heat transfer law in the soil; embedding it as a physical constraint in the loss function of the neural network ensures that the model's prediction results conform to physical laws, maintaining good generalization ability even with insufficient training data. The geothermal prediction results include soil temperature variation curves at different depths within a preset time window.

[0039] Optionally, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network can be used to construct a geothermal prediction model. Historical geothermal field data is input into the LSTM network in time series order. The LSTM network automatically learns the long-term dependencies of geothermal changes through its gating mechanism (input gate, forget gate, output gate) and outputs the geothermal prediction results for the future within a preset time window. LSTM networks are suitable for handling time series prediction problems and can achieve high prediction accuracy when training data is sufficient. In practical applications, the appropriate model type can be selected based on the richness of historical geothermal data and the required prediction accuracy.

[0040] S103, based on the ground temperature prediction results, determine the output power setting value of the liquid cooling system and the flow setting value of the soil heat exchange branch.

[0041] In this embodiment, the output power of the liquid cooling system is controlled by the operating frequency of the compressor inverter; the flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is controlled by adjusting the opening of the diverter valve or the frequency of the variable frequency pump. Based on the ground temperature prediction results, the specific implementation methods for determining the output power setpoint and flow rate setpoint include: First, based on the first temperature difference between the soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results and the coolant temperature in the liquid cooling system, the available heat exchange capacity of the soil is determined.

[0042] Specifically, the coolant temperature is the current temperature of the coolant in the liquid cooling system, and the first temperature difference is the difference between the soil temperature and the coolant temperature. When the soil temperature is lower than the coolant temperature, the temperature difference is positive, indicating that the soil can absorb heat from the coolant; the larger the temperature difference, the stronger the soil's heat absorption capacity. The usable heat exchange capacity Q_soil can be calculated using the following formula: Q_soil = ṁ·c p ·(T_coolant - T_soil); Where ṁ represents the mass flow rate of the coolant in the soil heat exchange branch, and c p T_coolant is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, T_soil is the temperature of the coolant, and T_soil is the soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results.

[0043] For example, in one specific embodiment, the energy storage system has a capacity of 2MWh, the battery rated power is 500kW, the temperature sensor at a depth of 5m underground measures the current soil temperature as 18℃, the coolant temperature as 28℃, the coolant mass flow rate as 5kg / s, and the specific heat capacity as 3.6kJ / (kg·℃), then the available heat exchange capacity Q_soil = 5×3.6×(28-18) = 180kW.

[0044] Preferably, T_soil is the predicted soil temperature at the depth of the heat exchange pipe in the geothermal prediction results. If the geothermal prediction results provide soil temperature variation curves at different depths, the predicted soil temperature value at the corresponding depth can be selected based on the actual burial depth of the heat exchange pipe in the soil heat exchange branch, or the effective soil temperature can be determined based on the weighted average of the soil temperature at different depths and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange pipe.

[0045] Then, based on the comparison between the available heat exchange capacity and the total heat dissipation required by the buried energy storage system, the output power setpoint and flow rate setpoint are determined.

[0046] The total heat dissipation required, Q_total, can be determined based on the battery temperature and the battery charging / discharging power. Specifically, it can be estimated as follows: Q_total = Q_battery + Q_other; Q_battery represents the heat generated during battery charging and discharging, which can be calculated based on the battery's charging and discharging power and efficiency. Q_other represents the heat generated by other heat-generating components in the system, such as the Power Conversion System (PCS) and the Battery Management System (BMS).

[0047] The specific methods for determining the output power setting and flow rate setting are as follows: When the available heat exchange capacity Q_soil is greater than or equal to the total heat dissipation Q_total, it indicates that the soil's heat exchange capacity is sufficient to handle the entire heat dissipation load. At this point, the minimum standby power is used as the output power setting value. This means the liquid cooling system's compressor stops operating or maintains a minimum operating frequency, with only the circulating pump remaining operational to maintain coolant flow. The flow rate corresponding to the soil heat exchange capacity is used as the flow rate setting value. The flow rate corresponding to the soil heat exchange capacity refers to the coolant flow rate that matches the current available heat exchange capacity. This flow rate can be calculated based on the relationship between the available heat exchange capacity and the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange pipes.

[0048] When the available heat exchange capacity Q_soil is less than the total heat dissipation Q_total, it indicates that the soil's heat exchange capacity is insufficient to handle the entire heat dissipation load, and the shortfall needs to be supplemented by the liquid cooling system. In this case, the maximum flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is used as the flow rate setpoint, i.e., the diverter valve is fully open, allowing the coolant flow rate in the soil heat exchange branch to reach its maximum value. The power value corresponding to the difference between the total heat dissipation and the available heat exchange capacity (Q_total - Q_soil) is used as the output power setpoint. The power value corresponding to the difference can be calculated based on the liquid cooling system's Coefficient of Performance (COP), i.e., the ratio of cooling capacity to input power, specifically: P_liquid = (Q_total - Q_soil) / COP; COP can be estimated in real time or obtained by looking up a table based on the current operating conditions of the liquid cooling system.

[0049] Continuing with the previous example, if the current total heat dissipation Q_total is 150kW, then the available heat exchange capacity of 180kW is greater than the total heat dissipation capacity of 150kW, indicating that the soil heat exchange capacity is sufficient to bear the entire heat dissipation load. In this case, the minimum standby power is used as the output power setting value, and the flow rate value matching the available heat exchange capacity is used as the flow rate setting value, so that the soil heat exchange branch bears the entire heat dissipation load.

[0050] If the current total heat dissipation Q_total is 220kW, then the available heat exchange capacity of 180kW is less than the total heat dissipation of 220kW, indicating that the soil heat exchange capacity is insufficient to bear the entire heat dissipation load, with a shortfall of 40kW. In this case, the maximum flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is used as the flow rate setpoint, and the power value corresponding to the difference between the total heat dissipation and the available heat exchange capacity is used as the output power setpoint. This power value can be calculated based on the COP of the liquid cooling system. Assuming the current COP of the liquid cooling system is 3.0, then the output power setpoint P_liquid = 40 / 3.0 ≈ 13.3kW.

[0051] In one embodiment, the method for outputting power setpoints and flow rate setpoints further includes a power compensation step based on the soil temperature change rate: First, based on the soil temperature change rate in the geothermal prediction results, the heat exchange efficiency decay curve of the soil heat exchange branch is predicted. The soil temperature change rate refers to the rate of change of soil temperature per unit time (°C / h), which can be obtained from the temperature-time curve in the geothermal prediction results through differential calculation. When the soil temperature rises at a relatively rapid rate, it indicates that the soil's heat dissipation capacity is rapidly decreasing, and the heat exchange efficiency will decay accordingly.

[0052] Then, based on the heat exchange efficiency decay curve, the amount of heat exchange efficiency decay of the soil heat exchange branch within a preset time window is determined. Here, the amount of heat exchange efficiency decay refers to the degree of decrease in soil heat exchange capacity due to increased soil temperature.

[0053] Secondly, when the heat exchange efficiency degradation exceeds a preset threshold, a power compensation value is added to the output power setting to update the output power setting. The purpose of this step is to proactively increase liquid cooling power compensation when a rapid degradation of soil heat exchange efficiency is predicted, thus preventing the battery temperature from exceeding the limit after the actual decrease in soil heat exchange efficiency. The magnitude of the power compensation value is preferably proportional to the amount of heat exchange efficiency degradation; the greater the degradation, the larger the compensation value.

[0054] For example, if the ground temperature prediction shows a soil temperature change rate of 0.3℃ / h over the next 12 hours, with an expected heat exchange efficiency decrease of 12%, which is lower than the preset threshold of 15%, then no power compensation needs to be activated. If the ground temperature prediction shows a soil temperature change rate of 0.6℃ / h over the next 12 hours, with an expected heat exchange efficiency decrease of 18%, which exceeds the preset threshold of 15%, then a power compensation value is added to the output power setting. The magnitude of the power compensation value is proportional to the heat exchange efficiency decrease. For example, when the heat exchange efficiency decreases by 18%, the compensation value is 15% of the output power setting, which is an increase of 13.3kW × 15% ≈ 2.0kW, resulting in an updated output power setting of 15.3kW.

[0055] In one embodiment, the method for setting the output power and flow rate further includes a temperature correction step based on the shallow-deep soil temperature difference. First, the second temperature difference between shallow and deep soil temperatures in the geothermal prediction results is obtained. Shallow soil is defined as soil with a burial depth less than or equal to a first depth threshold (e.g., ≤5m); deep soil is defined as soil with a burial depth greater than or equal to a second depth threshold (e.g., ≥15m), where the first depth threshold is less than the second depth threshold. Shallow soil temperature is significantly affected by external factors such as atmospheric environment and solar radiation, and changes rapidly; deep soil temperature is relatively stable and changes slowly, thus more stably reflecting the overall heat storage capacity of the soil.

[0056] Secondly, based on the second temperature difference, the correction amount for the coolant inlet temperature of the liquid cooling system is determined. The coolant inlet temperature is the temperature at which the coolant enters the soil heat exchange branch in the liquid cooling system. The second temperature difference reflects the unevenness of the vertical temperature distribution in the soil: when the shallow layer temperature is significantly higher than the deep layer temperature, it indicates that heat accumulates in the shallow layer and fails to diffuse to the deeper layers, suggesting insufficient heat dissipation capacity of the shallow soil, which may require increased liquid cooling output; conversely, when the shallow and deep layer temperatures are close, it indicates that heat can be effectively transferred to the deeper layers, and the overall heat dissipation capacity of the soil is good.

[0057] Furthermore, based on the correction amount, the output power setting is adjusted. Specifically, when the second temperature difference exceeds the first temperature difference threshold, the coolant inlet temperature setting is reduced to increase the liquid cooling output; when the second temperature difference is less than or equal to the second temperature difference threshold, the coolant inlet temperature setting is increased to reduce the liquid cooling output; when the second temperature difference is between the second and first temperature difference thresholds, it indicates that the temperature difference between the shallow and deep layers is within the normal range, and the vertical heat transfer of the soil is normal, thus determining the correction amount to be zero and keeping the coolant inlet temperature setting unchanged. The first preset temperature difference threshold is greater than the second preset temperature difference threshold.

[0058] For example, in one specific embodiment, the first temperature difference threshold is set to 5℃, and the second preset temperature difference threshold is set to 2℃. If the shallow (3m) soil temperature is 22℃ and the deep (10m) soil temperature is 16℃, the second temperature difference is 6℃, which is greater than the first temperature difference threshold of 5℃. Therefore, the coolant inlet temperature correction is determined to be -2℃, i.e., reducing the inlet temperature by 2℃ and increasing the liquid cooling output. If the second temperature difference is 1℃, which is less than the second preset temperature difference threshold of 2℃, the correction is determined to be +2℃, i.e., increasing the inlet temperature by 2℃ and reducing the liquid cooling output. If the second temperature difference is 3℃, which is between 2℃ and 5℃, the correction is determined to be 0℃, keeping the original setting unchanged. In short, the magnitude of the correction is related to the degree to which the second temperature difference deviates from the threshold; the greater the deviation, the greater the correction.

[0059] In one implementation, the method for output power setpoints and flow rate setpoints further includes a flow rate regulation optimization step based on predicted temperature rise: First, based on the geothermal prediction results, the predicted temperature rise of the coolant in the soil heat exchange branch within a preset time window is determined. Temperature rise refers to the increase in outlet temperature relative to inlet temperature after the coolant flows through the soil heat exchange branch; that is, the temperature increment caused by the heat gained by the coolant from the soil. The predicted temperature rise can be calculated from the geothermal prediction results combined with coolant flow rate, heat exchange pipe parameters, etc., or it can be directly derived from the soil temperature change curve in the geothermal prediction results. A larger predicted temperature rise indicates that the coolant gains more heat from the soil when flowing through the soil heat exchange branch, meaning more heat is transferred from the soil to the coolant. This implies that the soil temperature may be higher, and the heat exchange efficiency may tend to decrease.

[0060] Secondly, based on the predicted temperature rise, the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency of the flow rate setpoint are controlled. The adjustment step size and adjustment frequency refer to the amount of change in the flow rate setpoint during each adjustment from the current value to the target value, and the number of adjustments per unit time.

[0061] Specifically, the adjustment step size is positively correlated with the predicted temperature rise value; that is, the larger the predicted temperature rise value, the larger the change in each adjustment, so as to quickly respond to the decline in soil heat exchange efficiency. The adjustment frequency is negatively correlated with the predicted temperature rise value; that is, the larger the predicted temperature rise value, the fewer adjustments are made per unit time, so as to avoid system oscillations caused by frequent adjustments. For example, when the predicted temperature rise value is small (e.g., 2℃), less than the preset temperature rise threshold of 3℃, a smaller step size (e.g., adjusting the flow rate by 5% each time) and a higher frequency (e.g., adjusting once every 30 seconds) can be used to achieve fine adjustment. When the predicted temperature rise value is large (e.g., 5℃), with a preset temperature rise threshold of 3℃, a larger step size (e.g., adjusting the flow rate by 20% each time) and a lower frequency (e.g., adjusting once every 5 minutes) can be used to quickly complete coarse adjustment. The core of this adjustment mechanism is that a large temperature rise indicates a rapid decline in soil heat exchange efficiency, requiring a rapid increase in flow rate to cope, but the system is already in a non-steady state, and frequent adjustments will exacerbate oscillations, so the frequency should be reduced to avoid over-adjustment; a small temperature rise indicates a relatively stable system, suitable for fine adjustment with small step sizes, and high-frequency adjustments will not cause oscillations.

[0062] Furthermore, the flow rate setpoint is updated based on the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency.

[0063] In step S103, the first temperature difference between the soil temperature and the coolant temperature in the predicted ground temperature is converted into available heat exchange. Then, the available heat exchange is compared with the current total heat dissipation required. The abstract soil heat dissipation capacity is quantified into specific output power setpoints and flow rate setpoints, providing a quantitative basis for the coordinated control of the liquid cooling system and soil heat exchange. The comparison results clarify the sharing rules of the two heat dissipation methods: when the soil capacity is sufficient, the soil independently bears the heat dissipation load, and the liquid cooling system operates at the lowest standby power to reduce energy consumption; when the soil capacity is insufficient, the liquid cooling system precisely supplements the insufficient part to ensure that the total heat dissipation meets the battery heat dissipation requirements and avoids the risk of battery temperature runaway. At the same time, the feedforward control link established by the comparison results, which consists of prediction, quantification, comparison, and execution processes, enables the system to adjust the control parameters in advance before the soil heat dissipation capacity changes. This overcomes the lag defect of traditional feedback control, which only responds after the temperature deviation occurs, and achieves efficient and high-quality load distribution between liquid cooling and soil heat exchange.

[0064] S104 controls the liquid cooling system to operate at the set output power value and controls the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the set flow rate value.

[0065] In this embodiment, after determining the output power setpoint and flow rate setpoint, the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch are controlled respectively. The output power of the liquid cooling system is achieved by controlling the operating frequency of the compressor, and the flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is achieved by controlling the opening degree of the diverter valve or the speed of the variable frequency pump.

[0066] This step is preferably performed in a rolling manner at set time intervals within a preset time window. That is, the updated geothermal field data is continuously acquired within the preset time window, and the control parameters are adjusted in real time based on the updated geothermal field data, so that the output power of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch always match the current geothermal prediction results and the battery heat dissipation requirements.

[0067] In one implementation, based on the ground temperature prediction results, it is determined whether the ground temperature will rise to a set threshold within a preset time window; if so, before the ground temperature rises to the set threshold, the liquid cooling system is controlled to pre-run at a power higher than the current output power to reduce the battery temperature in advance. The start time of the pre-run can be calculated based on the ground temperature rise rate, and is preferably started 1-2 hours before the ground temperature rises to the set threshold.

[0068] In one implementation, weather forecast information for the location of the underground energy storage system is obtained, including at least one of ambient temperature and rainfall; based on the weather forecast information, the ground temperature prediction result is corrected. For example, if heavy rainfall is predicted in the next 24 hours, the predicted ground temperature decrease rate is appropriately increased; if sustained high temperatures are predicted, the predicted ground temperature rise rate is increased.

[0069] In summary, the embodiments of this application achieve a preliminary judgment of the soil's heat dissipation capacity by acquiring geothermal field data and predicting its changing trend; based on the geothermal prediction results, the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch are determined simultaneously, enabling the liquid cooling system and the soil heat exchange branch to form a coordinated control, effectively solving the problems of high energy consumption and battery temperature runaway risk caused by the independent operation of the two in the prior art.

[0070] It should be noted that the values ​​in the above embodiments are merely illustrative and can be appropriately adjusted according to factors such as the specific energy storage system capacity, geographical and climatic conditions, and soil type in practical applications. All equivalent modifications and alterations made by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0071] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an underground energy storage and heat dissipation device. For example... Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a buried energy storage and heat dissipation device, which may include: The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire geothermal field data of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. The geothermal field data includes soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time. Prediction module 202 is used to predict the trend of ground temperature change within a preset time window after the current moment based on ground temperature field data, and obtain ground temperature prediction results; The determination module 203 is used to determine the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch based on the ground temperature prediction results. The control module 204 is used to control the liquid cooling system to operate at the output power set value and to control the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the flow rate set value.

[0072] In one possible embodiment, the prediction module 202 is used for: Obtain geological structure data and soil thermal properties of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. Soil thermal properties include at least one of soil thermal conductivity, soil specific heat capacity and soil density. Based on geological structure data and soil thermal properties, a geothermal prediction model is constructed. The geothermal field data is input into the geothermal prediction model to obtain the geothermal prediction results, which include the change curves of soil temperature at different depths within a preset time window.

[0073] In one possible embodiment, the determining module 203 is used to: Based on the first temperature difference between the soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results and the coolant temperature in the liquid cooling system, the available heat transfer capacity of the soil is determined. Based on the comparison between the available heat exchange capacity and the total heat dissipation required by the buried energy storage system, the output power setpoint and flow rate setpoint are determined.

[0074] In one possible embodiment, the determining module 203 is used to: When the available heat exchange capacity is greater than or equal to the total heat dissipation, the minimum standby power is used as the output power setting value, and the flow rate value corresponding to the soil heat exchange capacity is used as the flow rate setting value. When the available heat exchange is less than the total heat dissipation, the maximum flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is used as the flow rate setting value, and the power value corresponding to the difference between the total heat dissipation and the available heat exchange is used as the output power setting value.

[0075] In one possible embodiment, the determining module 203 is further configured to: Based on the rate of change of soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results, the heat exchange efficiency decay curve of the soil heat exchange branch is predicted. Based on the heat exchange efficiency decay curve, the amount of heat exchange efficiency decay of the soil heat exchange branch within a preset time window is determined. When the heat exchange efficiency decay exceeds the preset threshold, a power compensation value is added to the output power setting value to update the output power setting value.

[0076] In one possible embodiment, the determining module 203 is further configured to: The second temperature difference between shallow soil temperature and deep soil temperature is obtained from the geothermal prediction results. Shallow soil is soil with a burial depth less than or equal to the first depth threshold, and deep soil is soil with a burial depth greater than or equal to the second depth threshold, and the first depth threshold is less than the second depth threshold. Based on the second temperature difference, the correction amount for the coolant inlet temperature of the liquid cooling system is determined. The coolant inlet temperature is the temperature of the coolant in the liquid cooling system when it enters the soil heat exchange branch. Adjust the output power setting based on the correction amount.

[0077] In one possible embodiment, the determining module 203 is further configured to: Based on the geothermal prediction results, the predicted temperature rise of the coolant in the soil heat exchange branch within a preset time window is determined. Based on the predicted temperature rise, the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency of the flow rate setpoint are controlled; the adjustment step size is positively correlated with the predicted temperature rise, and the adjustment frequency is negatively correlated with the predicted temperature rise. Update the flow rate setpoint based on the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency.

[0078] In the implementation of this application, the technical effects achieved by the device part can be referred to the aforementioned method part, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device that can realize the function of the aforementioned buried energy storage and heat dissipation method device. (Refer to...) Figure 3 Electronic devices include: At least one processor 301 and a memory 302 connected to at least one processor 301. In this embodiment, the specific connection medium between the processor 301 and the memory 302 is not limited. Figure 3 The example shown is the connection between processor 301 and memory 302 via bus 300. Bus 300 is... Figure 3 The connections between other components are shown in bold lines only and are not intended to be limiting. Bus 300 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc., for ease of representation. Figure 3 The term 301 is represented by a single thick line, but this does not imply that there is only one bus or one type of bus. Alternatively, the processor 301 can also be called a controller; there is no restriction on the name.

[0080] In this embodiment, the memory 302 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 301. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 302, the at least one processor 301 can execute the buried energy storage and heat dissipation method described above. The processor 301 can implement... Figure 2 The functions of each module in the device shown.

[0081] The processor 301 is the control center of the device. It can connect to various parts of the control device through various interfaces and lines. By running or executing instructions stored in the memory 302 and calling data stored in the memory 302, it can realize various functions of the device and process data, thereby performing overall monitoring of the device.

[0082] In one possible design, processor 301 may include one or more processing units. Processor 301 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 301. In some embodiments, processor 301 and memory 302 may be implemented on the same chip; in some embodiments, they may also be implemented on separate chips.

[0083] Processor 301 can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field-programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, capable of implementing or executing the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the underground energy storage and heat dissipation method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0084] Memory 302, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules. Memory 302 may include at least one type of storage medium, such as flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory, random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic storage, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. Memory 302 can be any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. In the embodiments of this application, memory 302 may also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing storage functions for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0085] By designing and programming the processor 301, the code corresponding to the underground energy storage and heat dissipation method described in the foregoing embodiments can be embedded into the chip, thereby enabling the chip to execute the code during operation. Figure 1 The steps of the underground energy storage and heat dissipation method of the illustrated embodiment are described below. How to design and program the processor 301 is a technique well-known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0086] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide a storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the buried energy storage and heat dissipation method described above.

[0087] In some possible implementations, various aspects of the buried energy storage and heat dissipation method provided in this application can also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code. When the program product is run on a device, the program code is used to cause the control device to perform the steps in the buried energy storage and heat dissipation method according to the various exemplary embodiments of this application described above.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0089] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0090] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0091] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0092] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for underground energy storage and heat dissipation, characterized in that, include: The geothermal field data of the area where the underground energy storage system is located is obtained, including soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time. Based on the geothermal field data, the geothermal change trend within a preset time window after the current moment is predicted, and the geothermal prediction result is obtained. Based on the predicted ground temperature, the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch are determined. The liquid cooling system is controlled to operate at the output power set value, and the soil heat exchange branch is controlled to operate at the flow rate set value.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The prediction of ground temperature change trends within a preset time window after the current moment yields ground temperature prediction results, including: Obtain geological structure data and soil thermal properties of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. The soil thermal properties include at least one of soil thermal conductivity, soil specific heat capacity and soil density. Based on the geological structure data and the soil thermal properties parameters, a geothermal prediction model is constructed. The geothermal field data is input into the geothermal prediction model to obtain the geothermal prediction results, which include the variation curves of soil temperature at different depths within the preset time window.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the output power setpoint of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setpoint of the soil heat exchange branch based on the ground temperature prediction results includes: Based on the first temperature difference between the soil temperature in the predicted ground temperature and the coolant temperature in the liquid cooling system, the available heat exchange capacity of the soil is determined. Based on the comparison between the available heat exchange capacity and the total heat dissipation required by the underground energy storage system, the output power setting value and the flow rate setting value are determined.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The determination of the output power setpoint and the flow rate setpoint based on the comparison between the available heat exchange capacity and the total heat dissipation currently required by the buried energy storage system includes: When the available heat exchange capacity is greater than or equal to the total heat dissipation, the minimum standby power is used as the output power setting value, and the flow rate value corresponding to the soil heat exchange capacity is used as the flow rate setting value. When the available heat exchange is less than the total heat dissipation, the maximum flow rate of the soil heat exchange branch is used as the flow rate setting value, and the power value corresponding to the difference between the total heat dissipation and the available heat exchange is used as the output power setting value.

5. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the soil temperature change rate in the predicted ground temperature results, the heat exchange efficiency decay curve of the soil heat exchange branch is predicted. Based on the heat exchange efficiency decay curve, the amount of heat exchange efficiency decay of the soil heat exchange branch within the preset time window is determined. When the heat exchange efficiency decreases beyond a preset threshold, a power compensation value is added to the output power setting value to update the output power setting value.

6. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The second temperature difference between shallow soil temperature and deep soil temperature in the geothermal prediction results is obtained. The shallow soil is soil with a burial depth less than or equal to a first depth threshold, and the deep soil is soil with a burial depth greater than or equal to a second depth threshold, wherein the first depth threshold is less than the second depth threshold. Based on the second temperature difference, a correction amount for the coolant inlet temperature of the liquid cooling system is determined, wherein the coolant inlet temperature is the temperature of the coolant in the liquid cooling system when it enters the soil heat exchange branch. Based on the correction amount, adjust the output power setting value.

7. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the ground temperature prediction results, the predicted temperature rise of the coolant in the soil heat exchange branch within the preset time window is determined. Based on the predicted temperature rise value, the adjustment step size and adjustment frequency of the flow rate setpoint are controlled; the adjustment step size is positively correlated with the predicted temperature rise value, and the adjustment frequency is negatively correlated with the predicted temperature rise value; The flow rate setting value is updated based on the adjustment step size and the adjustment frequency.

8. A buried energy storage and heat dissipation device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire geothermal field data of the area where the buried energy storage system is located. The geothermal field data includes soil temperature at different depths and the trend of soil temperature change over time. The prediction module is used to predict the trend of ground temperature change within a preset time window after the current moment based on the ground temperature field data, and obtain the ground temperature prediction result. The determination module is used to determine the output power setting value of the liquid cooling system and the flow rate setting value of the soil heat exchange branch based on the ground temperature prediction results. The control module is used to control the liquid cooling system to operate at the output power set value and to control the soil heat exchange branch to operate at the flow rate set value.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores program code that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Includes program code that, when the storage medium is run on an electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform any of the methods described in claims 1 to 7.

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