Display module and display device

Abstract

This disclosure provides a display module and display device, relating to the field of display technology. The module includes a display panel and a liquid crystal assembly located on its light-emitting surface. The liquid crystal assembly includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer, a driving electrode layer, and a common electrode layer located between them. The driving electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate; the common electrode layer is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and includes at least two common electrodes. The display module includes a display area, which includes at least two sub-display areas. Different sub-display areas correspond to different common electrodes. Each sub-display area includes a first display state and a second display state. In the first and second display states, the potentials of the common electrodes in the sub-display areas are different. This allows for simultaneous display of two display states using the same display screen, for example, enabling 2D and 3D displays in different areas respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of display technology, naked-eye 3D (three-dimensional) displays, which provide stereoscopic visual effects without the need for auxiliary glasses, have become an important development direction for automotive displays, tablet computers, and smart terminals. Its core principle utilizes the binocular time difference, using optical path adjustment devices (such as liquid crystal prisms) to project the left and right eye image information emitted by the display panel to the observer's left and right eyes respectively, thereby creating a stereoscopic effect in the human brain.

[0003] However, existing glasses-free 3D display products can only display 3D images, which does not meet users' diverse display needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this disclosure provides a display module and display device that enable display products to perform three-dimensional and two-dimensional displays in different sub-display areas, thereby meeting the diverse display needs of users.

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a display module, including a display panel and a liquid crystal component, wherein the liquid crystal component is located in the light-emitting direction of the display panel, and the liquid crystal component includes: A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate; A driving electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate; A common electrode layer is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and the common electrode layer includes at least two common electrodes; The display module includes a display area, which includes at least two sub-display areas. Different sub-display areas correspond to different common electrodes. The sub-display areas include a first display state and a second display state. In the first display state and the second display state, the potential of the common electrode in the sub-display area is different.

[0006] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a display device, including the display module provided in the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0007] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art: In the display module provided in this disclosure, by splitting the common electrode layer into at least two common electrodes and assigning different common electrodes to different sub-display areas, this solution breaks the limitation of unified full-screen control of traditional display modules, realizes the decoupling of different sub-display areas in the display area, and enables the display module to independently change the display state of a specific sub-display area (e.g., switching from the first display state to the second display state, or switching from the second display state to the first display state) according to actual needs, without interfering with each other.

[0008] This disclosure alters the pretilt angle or alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in a sub-display area by changing the potential of the common electrode. This allows the corresponding sub-display area to enter either a first or second display state as needed, without relying on complex driving electrode signal modulation, thus avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. In the first and second display states, the potentials of the common electrode in the sub-display area differ. Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously display some areas in the first display state (e.g., 3D display mode) while other areas are in the second display state (e.g., 2D display mode). Consequently, it is possible to match the most suitable display effect for different display content (e.g., navigation map area and text list area), satisfying diverse application scenarios and users' diverse display needs. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 The figure shown is a planar structural diagram of a liquid crystal prism in a display module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal prism along the AA direction; Figure 3 The figure shown is a planar structural diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 As shown Figure 3 A BB-direction cross-sectional view of the display module; Figure 5 The diagram shown is a planar structural diagram of a common electrode layer in a display module provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 The diagram shows a voltage applied to a common electrode and multiple driving electrodes in a first display state. Figure 7 The diagram shows a voltage applied to a common electrode and multiple driving electrodes in a second display state. Figure 8 The diagram shows a schematic of one arrangement of liquid crystal in the area corresponding to a driving electrode unit in the first display state. Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the voltage change on the driving electrode in a driving electrode unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 10 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in the embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 11 As shown Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of the display module along the CC' direction; Figure 12 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in the embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 13 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in the embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 14 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in the embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 15 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in the embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 16 The diagram shown is another planar structural diagram of the common electrode layer in the display module provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 17 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a display device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure, the solutions disclosed herein will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0013] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this disclosure, but this disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some, and not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a planar structural diagram of a liquid crystal prism in a display module provided in this embodiment. Figure 2 As shown Figure 1Please refer to the AA-axis cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal prism. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In 3D display products, a naked-eye 3D display effect is achieved through a liquid crystal prism. This prism consists of two substrates (a first substrate 01 and a second substrate 02) and a liquid crystal layer 00 sandwiched between them. A driving electrode E and a common electrode 10 are respectively disposed on the side of the liquid crystal layer 00 facing the first substrate 01 and the side facing the second substrate 02. The common electrode 10 provides a constant reference voltage signal. By applying a specific gradient voltage to the driving electrode E on the substrate, the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules can be changed, thereby forming a refractive index gradient similar to a physical lens, achieving the deflection and focusing of light, and realizing the naked-eye 3D display effect.

[0015] The inventors discovered that liquid crystal prism designs often employ an overall driving mode, meaning that while a specific gradient voltage is applied to the driving electrode E, the reference voltage applied to the common voltage remains constant, allowing the screen to only display 3D in full screen. In complex applications such as automotive displays, instrument information often requires high-definition 2D (two-dimensional) display, while navigation or entertainment functions require 3D enhancement effects. Existing full-screen switching technologies struggle to meet the dynamic needs of both.

[0016] To address this, the present disclosure provides a display module and display device capable of providing a regionally controlled liquid crystal prism structure. By physically segmenting the common electrode and cooperating with independent driving circuits, the liquid crystal display system can independently adjust the state of liquid crystal molecules in different areas according to the requirements of the displayed content, thereby achieving the coexistence and free switching of 2D and 3D display modes on the same screen. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Specifically, Figure 3 The figure shown is a planar structural diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown Figure 3 A BB-direction cross-sectional view of the display module is shown in the image. Figure 5 The diagram shown is a planar structural diagram of the common electrode layer T0 in the display module provided in this embodiment. Please refer to it. Figures 1 to 5 This disclosure provides a display module 100, including a display panel 90 and a liquid crystal assembly 80. The liquid crystal assembly 80 is located in the light-emitting direction of the display panel 90. The liquid crystal assembly 80 includes a first substrate 01 and a second substrate 02 disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 00, a driving electrode layer T1, and a common electrode layer T0 located between the first substrate 01 and the second substrate 02. The driving electrode layer T1 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 01 facing the second substrate 02, and the planar structure of the driving electrode layer T1 can be referenced. Figure 1A common electrode layer T0 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 02 facing the first substrate 01, and the common electrode layer T0 includes at least two common electrodes 10. The display module 100 includes a display area AA, which includes at least two sub-display areas A1. Different sub-display areas A1 correspond to different common electrodes 10. That is, at least one common electrode 10 is provided in a sub-display area A1, and a common electrode 10 is located in the same sub-display area A1.

[0018] Optionally, a common electrode 10 can define a sub-display area A1.

[0019] Of course, in some other alternative embodiments: structurally, multiple sub-common electrodes can be provided in a sub-display area A1, and the multiple sub-common electrodes in the same sub-display area A1 can be set independently and spaced apart from each other; in terms of signal, the multiple sub-common electrodes in the same sub-display area A1 can be electrically connected to the same signal.

[0020] Optionally, the sub-display area A1 includes a first display state and a second display state, in which the potential of the common electrode 10 in the sub-display area A1 is different.

[0021] In the display module 100 provided in this disclosure, by splitting the common electrode layer T0 into at least two common electrodes 10 and assigning different sub-display areas A1 to different common electrodes 10, the limitation of unified full-screen control of traditional display modules is broken, and the decoupling of different sub-display areas A1 in the display area AA is realized. This allows the display module 100 to independently change the display state of a specific sub-display area A1 (e.g., switching from the first display state to the second display state, or switching from the second display state to the first display state) according to actual needs, without interfering with each other.

[0022] This disclosure allows for altering the pretilt angle or alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in sub-display area A1 by changing the potential of the common electrode 10. This enables the corresponding sub-display area A1 to enter either a first or second display state as needed, without relying on complex driving electrode signal modulation, thus avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. In the first and second display states, the potentials of the common electrode 10 in sub-display area A1 differ. Therefore, some sub-display areas A1 can be in the first display state (e.g., 3D display mode) while others are in the second display state (e.g., 2D display mode) simultaneously. This allows for matching the most suitable display effect to different display content (e.g., navigation map area and text list area), satisfying diverse application scenarios and users' diverse display needs.

[0023] Since the sub-display area A1 of this disclosure can enter a first display state (e.g., 3D) or a second display state (e.g., 2D) as needed, for areas that do not require 3D effects (such as text, icons, etc.), the potential of the corresponding common electrode 10 can be independently controlled to switch it to a clear 2D mode, thereby avoiding text ghosting caused by unnecessary parallax. Observers can maintain a 2D visual effect when reading high-resolution text and switch to 3D only when observing images or videos, effectively alleviating visual fatigue and dizziness caused by prolonged viewing of full-screen 3D.

[0024] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 2 to 5 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the display module includes a three-dimensional display mode, a two-dimensional display mode, and a hybrid display mode; in the three-dimensional display mode, the sub-display area A1 is in a first display state; in the two-dimensional display mode, the sub-display area A1 is in a second display state; in the hybrid display mode, at least one sub-display area A1 is in the first display state and at least one sub-display area A1 is in the second display state.

[0025] In 3D display mode, the potential of the common electrode 10 corresponding to each sub-display area A1 is the same, or within the allowable error range. In 3D display mode, each sub-display area A1 of the display module presents a 3D display effect, meeting the user's needs for viewing 3D images, such as those required for audio-visual entertainment.

[0026] In two-dimensional display mode, the potential of the common electrode 10 corresponding to each sub-display area is different from the absolute value of the potential of the common electrode 10 corresponding to the three-dimensional mode. In two-dimensional display mode, each sub-display area A1 of the display module presents a two-dimensional display effect, which meets the needs of viewing two-dimensional images, such as reading plain text.

[0027] In hybrid display mode, at least one sub-display area A1 and another sub-display area A1 can have different absolute potential values ​​on their corresponding common electrodes 10 within the same display module. At least one sub-display area A1 can display in three dimensions, and at least one sub-display area A1 can display in two dimensions, allowing content of different natures to be presented in their optimal display mode. In hybrid mode, sub-display areas A1 displaying interactive information such as text and buttons can be fixed in a second display state (e.g., 2D), thus completely avoiding recognition difficulties caused by blurred text edges, ghosting, and rainbow patterns in 3D mode. Simultaneously, sub-display areas A1 displaying the main screen are in the first display state (e.g., 3D), ensuring users can enjoy the impact of stereoscopic vision.

[0028] For example, in a vehicle scenario, the instrument panel area can be configured as a hybrid display mode, so that the navigation map adopts a three-dimensional display mode to present a sense of depth, while core parameters such as vehicle speed and fuel consumption adopt a two-dimensional display mode to maintain high-definition display and improve driving safety.

[0029] The display module of this invention has three display modes: three-dimensional display mode, two-dimensional display mode, and hybrid display mode. One display module can meet the needs of various market segments such as audio-visual entertainment (full-screen 3D), office reading (full-screen 2D), and professional design / in-vehicle interaction (hybrid mode), thereby improving the product's technological added value and competitiveness.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, adjacent common electrodes 10 are separated by a first interval G, the width S0 of which is less than the thickness S1 of the liquid crystal layer 00. The thickness S1 of the liquid crystal layer 00 refers to the distance between the surface of the common electrode layer T0 facing the liquid crystal layer 00 and the surface of the driving electrode layer T1 facing the liquid crystal layer 00.

[0031] In this disclosure, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 00 are driven by the electric field between the first substrate 01 (driving electrode layer T1) and the second substrate 02 (common electrode layer T0). When the width S0 of the first gap G is sufficiently small (less than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 00), the electric field lines at the edges of adjacent common electrodes 10 can diffuse laterally toward the first gap G and overlap with each other. This design ensures that an effective and continuous driving electric field can still be formed in the region where the first gap G is located between the two common electrodes 10, effectively avoiding response blind spots or orientation disorders of liquid crystal molecules in the region where the first gap G is located, thereby eliminating dead zones (physically visible dark or bright lines) on the display.

[0032] If the width S0 of the first gap G is too large, the liquid crystal molecules at the gap cannot be effectively driven, causing abrupt changes or interruptions in the refractive index gradient at that point. This disclosure, by setting S0 < S1, allows the phase delay of the liquid crystal layer 00 to smoothly transition at the boundaries between different sub-display areas A1. Visually, this manifests as a more natural boundary between 3D and 2D sub-display areas (or between different 3D sub-display areas, or between different 2D sub-display areas), without obvious bright or dark lines or a visually stepped appearance. Therefore, the extremely narrow gap design between adjacent common electrodes 10 effectively limits the inconsistent orientation of liquid crystal molecules caused by abrupt changes in the electric field, reducing stray light scattering at the boundaries. In hybrid display mode, this ensures that light from the 3D area does not interfere with the clarity of adjacent 2D areas, maintaining a high-contrast and high-purity display effect.

[0033] In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the width of the first interval G between adjacent common electrodes 10 satisfies 0 < S0 ≤ S1 / 10. Thus, from the perspective of the liquid crystal layer, the electrical gap almost completely disappears. The electric field lines are distributed extremely uniformly in space, enabling seamless continuity of the liquid crystal molecule arrangement across the two common electrodes 10. Even under high-resolution displays, the physical gap at the boundary of the sub-display areas A1 is completely imperceptible to the naked eye.

[0034] Furthermore, considering that the discontinuous arrangement of liquid crystal molecules usually leads to light scattering, forming black or bright lines, by setting S0≤S1 / 10, the electric field intensity loss at the electrode gap is compressed to an extremely small range. This ensures that the liquid crystal molecules have extremely strong uniformity when subjected to force, preventing molecules from tilting backward or arranging randomly at the gaps. This greatly reduces the risk of light leakage at the interface, significantly improves contrast, and ensures the purity of the image edges.

[0035] Furthermore, considering that the liquid crystal prism relies on a precise phase delay curve to simulate the lens effect, when 0 < S0 ≤ S1 / 10 is set, the electric field distortion caused by the first interval G with a width of S0 has a negligible effect on the overall phase curve, ensuring that the 3D image will not be distorted or degraded at the edge of the area, and maintaining the uniformity of 3D depth across the entire screen.

[0036] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 or Figure 5 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the width S0 of the first interval G between adjacent common electrodes 10 satisfies: 2μm≤S0≤10μm.

[0037] Considering that if the width of the first gap G is too small (e.g., less than 2μm), it may cause a signal short circuit between adjacent common electrodes 10, setting S0≥2μm ensures the reliability of electrical isolation between adjacent common electrodes 10, while also reducing the difficulty of precision manufacturing, thereby significantly improving the yield rate during mass production.

[0038] However, if the width of the first gap G is too large (e.g., greater than 10 μm), the liquid crystal molecules in the region corresponding to the first gap G between the two common electrodes 10 will completely escape the effective control of the electric field. Since the liquid crystal molecules in this region do not receive sufficient driving voltage, they will remain in their initial undeflected state. On the display screen, this manifests as a physically visible dark or bright line (i.e., a dead zone) at the boundary between the two sub-display areas A1, severely disrupting the integrity and continuity of the image. Therefore, this disclosure sets S0 ≤ 10 μm, allowing the electric field lines emitted from the edges of adjacent common electrodes 10 to effectively overlap above the first gap G. This electric field overlap eliminates the driving dead zone caused by the physical gap. Visually, since the liquid crystal molecules at the gap can still be effectively driven, the dead zone that may appear at the boundary between the two sub-display areas A1 is completely eliminated, ensuring the physical continuity of the image.

[0039] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 3 to 5 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in a first display state, the voltage of the common electrode 10 corresponding to the sub-display area A1 is in a first voltage range; when the sub-display area A1 is in a second display state, the voltage of the common electrode 10 corresponding to the sub-display area A1 is in a second voltage range; wherein, the absolute value of the voltage in the first voltage range is less than the absolute value of the voltage in the second voltage range.

[0040] This disclosure further explains the voltage range of the common electrode 10 in the first display state and the second display state, dividing the voltage of the common electrode 10 in the two states into two different value ranges, so that the system can independently control the deflection state of the liquid crystal molecules in a specific sub-display area A1 by adjusting the potential of the common electrode 10. This design effectively improves the flexibility of control.

[0041] In the first display state, the common electrode 10 is in a low voltage range (small absolute value, for example, close to or equal to 0V). At this time, the electric field between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode layer T1 is completely dominated by the gradient voltage signal of the driving electrode layer T1. The liquid crystal molecules can generate precise deflection according to the preset gradient voltage, thereby forming a perfect gradient refractive index distribution. This ensures that the liquid crystal prism can function properly as a lens, achieving high-definition, deep 3D visual effects. Furthermore, because the voltage of the common electrode 10 is extremely low, it will not interfere with the fine electric field distribution formed by the driving electrode E.

[0042] In the second display state, the common electrode 10 is in a higher voltage range (larger absolute value). The large voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E creates a strong vertical electric field between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E in the sub-display area A1. Since the strength of this electric field is sufficient to overcome the slight voltage difference between the driving electrodes E, the liquid crystal molecules are "forced" to align vertically along the direction of the electric field. When the liquid crystal molecules are in a vertical state, they no longer produce phase delay and deflection effects on the passing light, i.e., the prism effect disappears. This area exhibits a transparent and flat optical state, thereby achieving high-definition 2D display and completely eliminating text ghosting in 3D mode.

[0043] This disclosure determines the display state of sub-display area A1 based on the voltage range design of the common electrode 10. In actual driving, there is no need to change the complex 3D driving signal on the first substrate 01. Only the potential of the common electrode 10 of the corresponding sub-display area A1 needs to be switched (from low potential to high potential, or from high potential to low potential) to achieve 2D / 3D switching of the area. This greatly reduces the complexity of the driving chip algorithm, shortens the response time of mode switching, and allows the system to achieve rapid switching of local display modes through simple potential compensation at the common electrode 10 without changing the underlying driving signal.

[0044] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 5 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the driving electrode layer T1 includes a plurality of driving electrode units 20, each driving electrode unit 20 includes a plurality of driving electrodes E, and a plurality of driving motors E are arranged along a first direction D1; when the sub-display area A1 is in a first display state, the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode E is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the voltage of the common electrode 10; when the sub-display area A1 is in a second display state, the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode E is less than the absolute value of the voltage of the common electrode 10.

[0045] In the first display state, the common electrode 10 is at a low potential or 0V. When the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode E is greater than the absolute value of the voltage of the common electrode 10, the effective electric field experienced by the liquid crystal layer 00 is mainly determined by the potential difference (lateral component) between the multiple driving electrodes E on the first substrate 01 and the charge distribution (vertical component) between the driving electrodes E and the common electrode 10. This voltage configuration ensures that the preset gradient electric field of the driving electrode layer T1 plays a dominant role. The liquid crystal molecules will be deflected to different degrees according to the voltage gradient of each driving electrode E, thereby forming a smooth refractive index gradient, realizing precise deflection and convergence of light, and ensuring the stereoscopic effect and image clarity of the 3D display.

[0046] In the second display state, the common electrode 10 switches to a high voltage, making the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode E less than the absolute value of the voltage of the common electrode 10. At this time, the energy of the electric field lines emitted by the common electrode 10 is much stronger than that of the driving electrode layer T1. This strong vertical electric field can forcefully "suppress" the subtle gradient electric field between the driving electrodes E. Under the action of the strong vertical electric field, the liquid crystal molecules overcome their original deflection tendency and uniformly present a vertical alignment. When the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned, the birefringence effect disappears, and there is no longer a phase delay for the passing light, thus completely switching this area to a pure 2D display mode and eliminating the ghosting caused by 3D interference.

[0047] Therefore, this embodiment provides an extremely simple control strategy. When switching modes, it is not necessary to change the complex control signals of hundreds or thousands of driving electrodes E on the first substrate 01. Only the potential of the opposing, relatively small number of common electrodes 10 needs to be adjusted. By simply raising the voltage of the common electrodes 10, the 3D effect in the local area can be shielded, greatly reducing the data processing volume and power consumption of the driving chip.

[0048] In the hybrid display mode, if one of two adjacent sub-display areas A1 is in a first display state and the other is in a second display state, the high-voltage common electrode 10 in the second display state can form a stable, controlled area composed of a strong vertical electric field within its corresponding sub-display area A1. This prevents the edge electric field of the adjacent 3D display sub-display area A1 from interfering with the current sub-display area (the 2D display sub-display area). This suppression relationship ensures the sharpness of the boundary between the 2D display area and the 3D display area, avoiding boundary blurring.

[0049] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In another optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in a first display state (3D display), the corresponding common electrode 10 receives a first common voltage signal; when the sub-display area is in a second display state (2D display), the corresponding common electrode 10 receives a second common voltage signal. The absolute value of the first common voltage signal is less than the absolute value of the second common voltage signal, and the absolute value of the first common voltage signal is not zero. Thus, the common electrode 10 in the first display state is not in a completely electrically floating state, but maintains a non-zero bias voltage.

[0050] In the hybrid display mode, when the common electrode corresponding to the sub-display area in the first display state has a non-zero bias voltage, the absolute potential difference between the common electrode in the sub-display area and the common electrode in the 2D display sub-display area adjacent to the sub-display area can be reduced without destroying the dominance of the 3D gradient electric field. This weakens the lateral edge electric field strength between adjacent common electrodes and helps to reduce mutual electric field interference between adjacent sub-display areas caused by potential abrupt changes.

[0051] Figure 6 The diagram shows a voltage applied to the common electrode 10 and multiple driving electrodes E in the first display state, wherein voltages V1 to V4 represent the voltages applied to the four driving electrodes E in a driving electrode unit, and voltage V0 represents the voltage applied to the common electrode 10. Figure 7 The diagram illustrates a voltage applied to the common electrode 10 and multiple driving electrodes E in a second display state. The larger linewidth square wave signal represents the voltage Vs applied to the common electrode 10, and the four thinner square wave signals represent the voltages V1 to V4 applied to the four driving electrodes E in a single driving electrode unit. It should be noted that this embodiment only uses the voltage of the four driving electrodes E in a single driving electrode unit as an example, and does not limit the actual number of driving electrodes included in a single driving electrode unit.

[0052] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 3 to 5 and combined Figure 6 and Figure 7 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in a first display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E is a first value, which is, for example, any one of the absolute values ​​of V1-V0, V2-V0, V3-V0, and V4-V0. When the sub-display area A1 is in a second display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E is a second value, which is, for example, any one of the absolute values ​​of V1-Vs, V2-Vs, V3-Vs, and V4-Vs, wherein the second value is greater than the first value. "The second value is greater than the first value" means that any one of the aforementioned second values ​​is greater than any one of the aforementioned first values.

[0053] The rotational force of the liquid crystal molecules originates from the potential difference between the driving electrode E and the common electrode 10, i.e., the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E. This embodiment defines different voltage differences for two display states. In the first display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E is a smaller first value. A smaller voltage difference means that the vertical electric field force on the liquid crystal molecules is weaker. At this time, the gradient voltage generated by the driving electrode layer T1 on the first substrate 01 can precisely control the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules. This configuration allows the liquid crystal molecules to form a preset, fine gradient refractive index distribution. When light passes through this area, a smooth phase delay can be generated, thereby achieving high-quality stereoscopic imaging without causing shallow 3D depth of field or image quality degradation due to excessively strong vertical electric field.

[0054] In the second display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E is a relatively large second value. When the voltage difference increases significantly, a strong vertical main conductive field is formed between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E. This powerful energy level can cancel out the original gradient difference between the driving electrodes E. Under the action of the strong electric field, the liquid crystal molecules will undergo almost 100% vertical alignment. In this state, the birefringence effect of the liquid crystal layer 00 is suppressed, and it no longer produces any deflection effect on the passing light. The corresponding sub-display area A1 achieves a completely 2D display, completely eliminating parallax interference in 3D mode, and making high-frequency information such as text and icons present a high-sharpness, ghost-free visual effect.

[0055] In this embodiment, the second value is set to be greater than the first value. In the hybrid display mode, if one of two adjacent sub-display areas A1 presents a second display state (2D display) and the other presents a first display state (3D display), the absolute value (second value) of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E in the sub-display area A1 presenting the second display state is sufficiently large. Even if there is a slight penetration of the electric field in the adjacent sub-display area A1 presenting the first display state, the liquid crystal molecules can still stably maintain a vertical state. This redundancy in voltage difference greatly enhances the independence of the sub-display areas and avoids blurring of the area boundaries.

[0056] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in the second display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E is a second value, wherein the second value is greater than or equal to 10V.

[0057] The inventors discovered that the rotation of liquid crystal molecules has a saturation voltage, which is the minimum voltage required for the liquid crystal molecules to achieve maximum deflection (or almost perfect alignment). Typically, the saturation voltage of conventional display liquid crystals is far below 10V. The second value mentioned in this embodiment corresponds to a strong voltage threshold of 10V. When the voltage difference reaches or exceeds 10V, an extremely strong vertical driving electric field is formed inside the liquid crystal layer, causing the liquid crystal molecules to enter a fully saturated alignment state. The liquid crystal molecules can then align completely and without any dead angles (perpendicular to the substrate). This eliminates any minor deflection caused by insufficient voltage, thus achieving the purest 2D display effect. When the display module switches from full-screen 3D or hybrid mode to 2D, the large voltage difference allows the liquid crystal molecules to instantly complete the deflection from tilted to vertical. This significantly shortens the dynamic transition time of mode switching and reduces visual flicker and ghosting during the switching process.

[0058] Considering that the principle of a liquid crystal prism is to generate phase delay through molecular deflection, a high voltage difference of 10V can completely mask or smooth out any minute gradient electric field generated between the driving electrodes E of the first substrate 01. Within this sub-display area A1, the effect of the liquid crystal layer 00 on light is completely equivalent to that of a uniform isotropic medium, and the phase delay is reduced to its theoretical minimum. This effectively solves problems such as blurred text edges and ghosting caused by incomplete 2D switching under low-voltage driving.

[0059] In hybrid display mode, the strong electric field in the 3D area may penetrate into adjacent 2D areas through edge effects. A 10V high-voltage voltage establishes a high-energy protective field for this area. Even with complex voltage gradient fluctuations in adjacent areas, the liquid crystal molecules remain stably vertical due to the sufficiently strong 10V main conductive field in this area, preventing them from flickering or deflecting due to interference from the electric field of neighboring areas. This ensures the ultimate stability of the 2D image, resulting in sharper boundary lines.

[0060] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 and Figure 7 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in the second display state, the voltage of the common electrode 10 corresponding to the sub-display area A1 (such as any one of V1 to V4) and the voltage Vs of the driving electrode E are opposite in polarity.

[0061] When the polarities are opposite (e.g., one is +3V, the other is -8V), the resulting voltage difference is the sum of their absolute values. This opposite polarity design allows for a superimposed voltage difference far exceeding the amplitude of a single-channel voltage to be easily obtained through logic flipping, even with a limited power supply range for the driving circuit. This ensures that the liquid crystal molecules quickly reach or exceed the saturation voltage, achieving perfectly vertical alignment, thus completely erasing 3D phase delay and resulting in clear, ghost-free 2D images. This scheme allows the driving chip to operate at a lower power supply voltage while outputting a driving effect higher than the power supply voltage. For example, when Vs is -8V, V4 is 2V, and V1 is 4V, the absolute value of the voltage difference between Vs and V4 is 10V, and the absolute value of the voltage difference between Vs and V1 is 12V. The driving chip only requires an 8V withstand voltage process to achieve a voltage difference drive of 10V or even 12V. This not only reduces the requirements for the driving chip process but also reduces the amplitude of single-channel signal transitions, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference and dynamic power consumption.

[0062] When the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E have opposite polarities, a very strong vertical electric field line is formed between them. This strong vertical main conductive field can more effectively suppress the lateral interference electric field from adjacent driving electrodes E on the first substrate 01. In the hybrid display mode, this ensures that the liquid crystal molecules in the 2D region are not affected by the signals in the adjacent 3D region, making the 2D / 3D boundary sharper and preventing the formation of a blurry transition band.

[0063] Furthermore, considering that prolonged exposure to a unidirectional DC electric field can lead to ion accumulation in liquid crystal materials, causing liquid crystal degradation or screen burn-in (image retention), a configuration with opposite voltage polarities allows for more flexible AC driving. For example, during frame or line flipping, the polarities of the common electrode 10 and the driving electrode E are alternately changed, maintaining their opposite polarities at all times. During long-term display in partial 2D mode, this opposite polarity driving method ensures that the average DC component passing through the liquid crystal layer 00 is close to zero, effectively preventing charge accumulation, extending the lifespan of the liquid crystal module, and guaranteeing image uniformity after prolonged display.

[0064] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4 and Figure 7In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in the second display state, the driving electrode E receives a first voltage signal S10, and the common electrode 10 receives a second voltage signal S20; wherein, both the second voltage signal S20 and the first voltage signal S10 are AC level signals, and the second voltage signal S20 and the first voltage signal S10 flip synchronously. In the second display state, the voltage value of the first voltage signal S10 is any one of V1 to V4 mentioned in the aforementioned embodiments, and the voltage value of the second voltage signal S20 is Vs mentioned in the aforementioned embodiments. It should be noted that the flipping mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure refers to a reverse flip based on a reference level. For example, when the first voltage signal S10 of the driving electrode E jumps to positive polarity, the second voltage signal S20 of the common electrode 10 simultaneously jumps to negative polarity, or when the first voltage signal S10 of the driving electrode E jumps to negative polarity, the second voltage signal S20 of the common electrode 10 simultaneously jumps to positive polarity. The reference level can be represented as 0V, for example. The aforementioned flip refers to the positive and negative flip of the first voltage signal S10 and the second voltage signal S20 based on this rapid level.

[0065] In the second display state, the second voltage signal S20 and the first voltage signal S10 flip synchronously. The instantaneous voltage difference felt by the liquid crystal layer 00 is equal to the sum of the absolute values ​​of the amplitudes of the two signals. Even if the supply voltage of a single driving circuit is low, the voltage difference across the liquid crystal can instantly reach 10V or more through synchronous reverse flipping. This design can easily make the voltage difference exceed the saturation voltage of the liquid crystal (e.g., reaching and exceeding 10V) without increasing the voltage swing of a single driving chip. This high-voltage drive can generate an extremely strong vertical electric field, forcing the liquid crystal molecules to overcome the gradient arrangement of the second voltage signal S20 in 3D mode, achieving oversaturation orientation. This completely eliminates 3D phase delay, ensuring a clear and sharp image in the 2D area, and completely eliminating ghosting and rainbow patterns caused by incomplete mode switching.

[0066] Furthermore, the chemical properties of liquid crystal molecules dictate that they cannot be driven by a DC electric field for extended periods. Both the second voltage signal S20 and the first voltage signal S10 are AC level signals, meaning the voltage polarity switches periodically over time. Synchronous flipping ensures that the average DC component applied to the liquid crystal layer O0 is zero or close to zero within a complete signal cycle. This effectively prevents the accumulation of ions within the liquid crystal (polarization), eliminates burn-in and image retention, and even when displaying fixed-position 2D text (such as the scale on a car instrument panel) in mixed mode for extended periods, no ghosting will remain after switching, significantly extending the lifespan of the liquid crystal module.

[0067] In this embodiment, in the second display state, the high-energy-level pressure difference generated by synchronous flipping forms a strong vertical dominant field. Although the pressure difference at different driving electrodes E fluctuates (some regions have small pressure differences, while others have larger pressure differences), these fluctuations are masked within the saturation range because the energy level provided by synchronous flipping far exceeds the saturation threshold of the liquid crystal. This shields the interference of the transverse electric field between the driving electrodes E, ensuring a high degree of consistency in the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules within the 2D region, preventing localized optical textures or brightness unevenness due to inconsistent pressure differences.

[0068] In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the switching frequency of the first voltage signal S10 and the second voltage signal S20 is f, where f ≥ 30Hz. During the polarity switching process, the liquid crystal molecules undergo extremely small fluctuations in their alignment due to the change in the direction of the force. If the switching frequency is too low (e.g., below 30Hz), the human eye can perceive subtle fluctuations in brightness or color. Therefore, setting the switching frequency to f ≥ 30Hz ensures that even with extremely short fluctuations in the voltage difference at the moment of polarity switching, the frequency exceeds the sensitivity threshold of the human eye to changes in brightness. This ensures that the sub-display area A1 of the 2D display maintains a stable and smooth image under AC drive, completely eliminating visible flicker and improving viewing comfort, especially significantly reducing visual fatigue during prolonged reading of 2D text information.

[0069] Furthermore, liquid crystal molecules exhibit a certain response hysteresis in an alternating electric field. If the flip frequency is too low, the liquid crystal molecules will linger near the "zero point" of polarity switching for too long, potentially causing slight relaxation of the molecules. By maintaining a frequency of 30Hz or higher, it is ensured that when the direction of force changes, the liquid crystal molecules, due to the extremely rapid switching of the electric field, can maintain a stable vertical saturation state relying on their rotational inertia and elastic force. This ensures that the phase delay in the 2D region is always kept at an extremely low level, preventing uneven 2D display effects or momentary ghosting caused by excessively low frequencies.

[0070] In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the switching frequency of the first voltage signal S10 and the second voltage signal S20 satisfies: 50Hz≤f≤100Hz.

[0071] While 30Hz is the theoretical lower limit of visual persistence, the human eye may still be sensitive to low-frequency flicker for high-brightness or large-format displays. Flicker frequencies above 50Hz have already surpassed the critical flicker fusion frequency for most people. Specifically, when the light source flickers fast enough, the human eye no longer perceives it as flickering, but rather as a stable, continuous light source; the corresponding frequency is the critical flicker fusion frequency. Even when ambient light changes drastically or the user moves their gaze rapidly, the 2D display area behaves as stably as if driven by a constant DC current. It provides excellent visual purity, ensuring that users do not experience eye fatigue or dryness during high-intensity eye-use scenarios such as in-car navigation and prolonged office work.

[0072] Considering that a higher switching frequency is not always better, if the switching frequency exceeds 100Hz, the charging and discharging current of the capacitor between the driving electrode E and the common electrode 10 will increase significantly. Therefore, setting f≤100Hz is beneficial for energy-saving design. It avoids the surge in power consumption of the driving chip caused by high-frequency switching, and also reduces the electromagnetic interference of high-frequency signals on sensitive circuits inside the module. This helps improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the display module, ensures the coordinated stability of display and touch functions, and helps extend the battery life of battery-powered devices.

[0073] In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the flip frequency in the two-dimensional display mode is less than or equal to the flip frequency in the three-dimensional display mode, and less than or equal to the flip frequency in the hybrid display mode.

[0074] When the flip frequency in 2D display mode is equal to that in 3D and hybrid display modes, the system's timing controller and driver chip do not need to change their operating frequencies in real time when switching display modes. This avoids timing jitter or level instability that may be caused by frequency switching. Because the frequencies are completely consistent, the phase and polarity conversions of the AC signals in the 2D and 3D areas are synchronized during hybrid display. This effectively eliminates dynamic interference patterns that may be caused by slight frequency differences at the boundary between areas, ensuring the overall visual stability of the image. When users switch between full-screen 2D, full-screen 3D, and hybrid modes, the screen brightness will not flicker due to response differences caused by frequency changes because the driving frequency remains constant.

[0075] Of course, the viewing method for the flip frequency is not limited to the three factors being equal. In some other embodiments of this disclosure, the flip frequency in the two-dimensional display mode can be lower than the flip frequency in the three-dimensional display mode, and also lower than the flip frequency in the hybrid display mode. Considering that 2D display modes (such as reading text or instrument data) typically contain a large amount of static information, and AC flipping is essentially a charging and discharging process of a capacitor, when the flip frequency in the two-dimensional display mode is lower than the flip frequency in the three-dimensional display mode, and also lower than the flip frequency in the hybrid display mode, the dynamic power consumption of the driving circuit can be greatly reduced, extending the device's battery life, while ensuring no flicker. 3D mode or hybrid mode is typically used in dynamic scenarios such as video and navigation, requiring liquid crystal molecules to maintain a controlled state at a higher frequency. Maintaining a higher flip frequency ensures that the 3D prism effect remains stable under high-speed images, preventing the 3D effect from deteriorating due to excessively low frequency.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, when the sub-display area A1 is in a first display state (3D display mode), the common electrode 10 corresponding to the sub-display area A1 receives a reference voltage signal, such as 0V or a system power supply reference level. The driving electrode E receives a first voltage signal S10, which is an AC level signal.

[0077] Since the potential of the common electrode 10 is constant and uniform, the electric field changes sensed by the liquid crystal layer 00 depend entirely on the first voltage signal S10 (AC signal) on the driving electrode E side. Multiple electrodes on the driving electrode layer T1 can output different AC amplitudes according to the 3D algorithm. Because the common electrode 10 is a stable "ground" or reference point, these differentiated voltages can be directly converted into a precise gradient electric field within the liquid crystal layer 00. This ensures that the liquid crystal molecules can form a smooth gradient refractive index distribution, thereby achieving a high-quality lens focusing effect, resulting in clear 3D images with strong depth and definition.

[0078] In the first display state, although the common electrode 10 is constant, the driving electrode E uses an AC level signal. This means that the potential of the driving electrode E will alternate between positive and negative relative to the reference voltage. This design ensures that the integral of the average voltage difference applied across the liquid crystal layer 00 on the time axis approaches zero, effectively preventing the polarization and ion accumulation of liquid crystal molecules, avoiding image retention and degradation of the liquid crystal material, and significantly improving the service life of the display module.

[0079] Fixing the common electrode 10 to the reference voltage means that in 3D mode, the common electrode 10 does not require complex waveform modulation or high-frequency switching circuits; only a high-precision DC bias needs to be provided. All dynamic changes and mode control logic are concentrated on the drive electrode E side, reducing the system's static power consumption and minimizing electromagnetic interference caused by frequent flipping of the common electrode layer T0, resulting in a cleaner 3D display background.

[0080] In the first display state, the constant potential of the common electrode 10 provides a unified electrical reference for the entire display area AA. The AC signal emitted by the driving electrode E is not affected by waveform jitter of the common electrode 10 during flipping. The voltage difference between each driving electrode unit 20 and the common electrode 10 is independent and definite. This ensures high consistency among the liquid crystal lenses in 3D mode and avoids uneven local brightness in the 3D image caused by signal fluctuations of the common electrode 10.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the driving electrode layer T1 includes a plurality of driving electrode units 20, and each driving electrode unit 20 includes a plurality of driving electrodes E arranged along a first direction. In the three-dimensional display mode, the two-dimensional display mode, and the hybrid display mode, the same driving electrode E receives the same first voltage signal. That is, the driving electrode unit 20 does not participate in the logical operation of the display module mode switching. The potential of the driving electrode E in the driving electrode unit 20 can be maintained at the potential corresponding to the 3D display. All switching of display modes is completed by the change of the potential signal on the common electrode 10 side.

[0082] In this way, the driving electrode E always outputs a fixed gradient voltage waveform (3D waveform). This means that the back-end processor does not need to recalculate the original signals of hundreds or thousands of driving electrodes E in real time depending on whether the user is viewing a 2D document or a 3D movie. This significantly reduces the computational load of the system, reduces the dynamic power consumption of the driving chip, and simplifies the development of software firmware.

[0083] Although the driving electrode E maintains a 3D gradient voltage, this disclosure can forcibly smooth out the gradient electric field by increasing the voltage difference of the common electrode 10 (such as the voltage difference of 10V or higher mentioned above). When the common electrode 10 is under high voltage suppression, the strong vertical electric field dominates, and the slight voltage difference between the driving electrodes E (i.e., the gradient that originally produced the 3D effect) becomes negligible in the face of the strong vertical electric field. The liquid crystal molecules can still achieve perfect vertical alignment under strong pressure, thus obtaining a clear, ghosting-free 2D image without changing the underlying driving signal.

[0084] It should be noted that in the first display state (3D display), the voltage of the common electrode 10 is very low, and the lateral voltage difference between the driving electrodes E is on the same order of magnitude as the longitudinal voltage difference, with the lateral component being non-negligible, causing the liquid crystal molecules to tilt. In the second display state (2D display), the voltage of the common electrode 10 is significantly increased, establishing an extremely strong longitudinal electric field between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrodes E. Although there is still a small lateral difference of 1V or 2V between the driving electrodes E, compared to the huge electric field of the voltage difference (10V and above) between the driving electrodes E and the common electrode 10, the lateral component becomes negligible. The liquid crystal molecules are forcibly pulled upward by the longitudinal voltage difference, and the originally slight lateral voltage difference between the driving electrodes E is no longer sufficient to cause the liquid crystal to tilt effectively. Moreover, the common electrode 10 and the driving electrodes E are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer 00. As the potential of the common electrode 10 increases, the electric field lines are mainly distributed vertically between the common electrode 10 and the driving electrodes E. This high-intensity vertical electric field line will inhibit the upward penetration depth of the lateral electric field lines on the surface of the driving electrode layer T1 within the liquid crystal layer 00. The effective deflection region of most liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a strong longitudinal electric field. Only a very thin region extremely close to the surface of the driving electrode E may exhibit weak perturbations, but these perturbations have a negligible impact on the overall optical phase delay and are imperceptible to the naked eye. Therefore, in the second display state, the transverse electric field between the driving electrodes E does not affect the 2D display effect.

[0085] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of one arrangement of liquid crystal in the area corresponding to a driving electrode unit 20 in the first display state. Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the voltage change on the driving electrode E in a driving electrode unit 20 provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Please refer to [the diagram]. Figure 8 and Figure 8 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, in the driving electrode unit 20, in the first direction D1, along the direction from the middle region of the driving electrode unit 20 to the edge region, the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode E shows a gradual trend. The figure illustrates the voltage change of 17 driving electrodes E1 to E17 included in a driving electrode unit 20.

[0086] In glasses-free 3D display technology, the liquid crystal layer 00 needs to act like a lenticular lens. While physical lenses change the optical path by varying their thickness, liquid crystal lenses change their refractive index by controlling the deflection angle of liquid crystal molecules through an electric field. Multiple driving electrodes E within the driving electrode unit 20 are applied with different voltages, specifically a voltage that gradually changes from the center to the edge, creating a non-uniform gradient electric field within the liquid crystal layer 00. This gradual electric field causes the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules to change continuously in the first direction D1, thus forming a parabolic refractive index distribution. The gradual voltage avoids abrupt changes in the electric field. If the voltage were abrupt rather than gradual, the surface of the liquid crystal lens would appear jagged, causing light scattering. The gradual trend ensures the continuity of the phase retardation, allowing the liquid crystal layer to perfectly simulate the converging or diverging functions of an optical lens.

[0087] Furthermore, considering the elasticity of liquid crystal molecules, if the voltage difference between adjacent driving electrodes E is too large (non-gradual), the liquid crystal molecules will generate orientation disordered regions due to extremely uneven stress, forming dark lines. The gradual voltage distribution on the driving electrode E allows the liquid crystal molecules to deflect in a modular and orderly manner, effectively suppressing the generation of these optical defects.

[0088] In practical applications, one feasible embodiment is that, within the driving electrode unit 20, along the direction from the middle region to the edge region, the absolute value of the driving voltage can exhibit a trend of being low in the middle and high at the edges. For example... Figure 9 In the illustrated scenario, the liquid crystal in the central region deflects less, while the liquid crystal in the edge region deflects more, which can simulate a concave lens and achieve the effect of diverging light.

[0089] Another feasible implementation is that, inside the driving electrode unit 20, along the direction from the middle region to the edge region of the driving electrode unit 20, the absolute value of the driving voltage can show a trend of high in the middle and low at the edge. At this time, the liquid crystal deflection in the middle region is large and the liquid crystal deflection in the edge region is small, which can simulate a convex lens and achieve the function of converging light.

[0090] Figure 10 The figure shown is another planar schematic diagram of the display module provided in the embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 11 As shown Figure 10 Please refer to the CC' section view of the display module. Figure 10 and Figure 11In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the display module includes a first frame area BA located on at least one side of the display area AA; the display module 100 includes a bonding pad group PZ disposed in the first frame area BA, the orthographic projection of the first substrate 01 on the second substrate 02 includes a first side B1, the first side B1 is adjacent to the bonding pad group PZ; the bonding pad group PZ includes a plurality of bonding pads P0, and different common electrodes 10 are electrically connected to different bonding pads P0 respectively.

[0091] In conventional displays, the common electrode 10 typically receives the same reference voltage signal as a whole. However, this disclosure achieves physical electrical isolation between the different common electrodes 10 by dividing the common electrode layer T0 into multiple common electrodes 10 and connecting each common electrode 10 to a different bonding pad P0. An external driving chip can provide completely different voltages for the common electrodes 10 to different areas of the screen (sub-display area A1) through different bonding pads P0, thereby achieving a hybrid display effect of local 2D and local 3D.

[0092] During the display module production stage, these independent bonding pads P0 allow technicians to perform individual electrical checks on specific areas of the screen without having to power on the entire screen. This enables more precise detection of open or short circuits in the common electrode 10 of specific areas, improving the efficiency of quality control on the production line.

[0093] It should be noted that when the common electrode 10 and the bonding pad P0 are located on different substrates, for example, the common electrode 10 is located on the side of the second substrate 02 facing the liquid crystal layer 00, and the bonding pad P0 is located on the side of the first substrate 01 facing the liquid crystal layer 00, a connection pad 40 can be introduced on the first substrate 01, and a conductor 30 (e.g., silver paste) is used to electrically connect the common electrode 10 to the corresponding connection pad 40. The connection pad 40 is electrically connected to the bonding pad P0 through a trace, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the common electrode 10 and the bonding pad P0.

[0094] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 10 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the common electrode 10 includes at least two first-type common electrodes 11, which are adjacent to the first side B1. Different first-type common electrodes 11 are electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pads P0 through different first signal traces L1 located in the same film layer.

[0095] Since the first type of common electrode 11 is adjacent to the first side B1, that is, adjacent to the bonding pad group PZ, the delay of the signal entering the electrode from the bonding pad P0 will be minimized, which is beneficial to improving the transient response speed during local 2D / 3D switching. For the first type of common electrode 11, different first signal traces L1 located in the same film layer are electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pad P0, eliminating the need for additional metal layers or complex via structures, reducing the number of photolithography masks, and directly reducing production costs.

[0096] Different first-class common electrodes 11 are independently connected to their corresponding bonding pads P0 through different first signal traces L1. When one of the common electrodes 10 is subjected to a large voltage to achieve 2D display, due to the independent traces, the instantaneous large current and electromagnetic fluctuations generated will not couple to other adjacent first signal traces L1, which helps to reduce the occurrence of crosstalk.

[0097] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 10 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, at least two first-type common electrodes 11 are arranged along a first direction D1 and extend along a second direction D2, where the second direction D2 is the arrangement direction of the display area AA and the first border area BA. This effectively divides the common electrode layer T0 into multiple strip-shaped common electrodes 10, each strip-shaped common electrode 10 corresponding to a sub-display area A1.

[0098] This division method allows the screen to be divided into different functional areas on the first direction D1. For example, in a car display, the vertical bar on the side closer to the driver can be set to 2D mode (displaying high-resolution speed and fuel consumption text), while the vertical bar on the passenger side can be set to 3D mode (displaying stereoscopic navigation or entertainment videos).

[0099] When the common electrode layer T0 is divided into multiple strip-shaped structures of the first type of common electrode 11 arranged along the first direction D1, each of the first type of common electrode 11 is adjacent to the first side B1. Therefore, each of the first type of common electrode 11 can be connected to the bonding pad P0 of the adjacent frame area through the first signal trace L1. There is no need to perform complex cross-layer routing or long-distance wrapping around the periphery of the display area AA. This helps to reduce the wiring area of ​​the frame area, which is not only beneficial for narrow frame design, but also reduces the resistance and parasitic capacitance introduced by excessively long traces, thus improving electrical performance.

[0100] Furthermore, dividing the common electrode layer T0 into multiple strip-shaped structures of the first type of common electrodes 11 arranged along the first direction D1 reduces the difficulty of photolithography and etching processes. Compared to complex checkerboard or irregularly shaped partitions, vertical strip cutting has a higher tolerance for process errors (such as alignment deviations). This reduces the risk of short circuits or open circuits in the common electrodes 10 during production and improves the yield of large-scale mass production of panels.

[0101] Figure 12 and Figure 13 The figures shown are alternative planar schematic diagrams of the display module provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Please refer to them. Figure 12 or Figure 13 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, at least one first type of common electrode 11 includes a first edge B01 and a second edge B02 disposed adjacently, and the first edge B01 and the second edge B02 are both adjacent to another first type of common electrode 11.

[0102] This embodiment describes another feasible division of the common electrodes 10 of the common electrode layer T0. In this embodiment, some of the first-type common electrodes 11 are no longer simple unidirectional strip divisions, but can form an interlaced or spliced ​​structure. This layout allows for the definition of more complex 2D / 3D hybrid shapes within the display area. For example, in a full-screen 3D map navigation background, a 2D dialog box (e.g., displaying incoming call reminders or adjustment knobs) can pop up in a sub-display area A1 on the screen, and the boundaries of this 2D area are compact, without affecting the extension of the surrounding 3D effect. For irregularly shaped screens (such as rounded rectangular automotive screens or L-shaped connected screens), this layout can define a 2D status bar along the physical contour of the screen, making the division of display modes perfectly match the industrial design of the screen, avoiding the visual fragmentation caused by straight-line partitions.

[0103] Furthermore, in full-screen 3D mode, if only a tiny 2D status icon needs to be displayed, the blocky layout with multiple adjacent edges can avoid forcing the entire (vertical) electrode into a high-power 2D suppression state for the sake of this small icon. This has extremely high practical value in the long battery life requirements of smart devices. This embodiment breaks the limitations of physical electrodes on visual design. It transforms the common electrode layer T0 into a control array with spatial coordinates, so that 2D / 3D hybrid display is no longer limited to "reading text on the left and seeing stereoscopic images on the right," but can achieve extremely advanced interactive visual effects such as "picture-in-picture, irregularly shaped windows, and dynamic floating windows," truly realizing the potential of naked-eye 3D in complex human-computer interaction interfaces.

[0104] In liquid crystal displays, edge electric field distortion often occurs at electrode edges. When a common electrode 10 is adjacent to other electrodes on both sides, the potentials of the adjacent common electrodes 10 can cancel each other out or reduce the electric field disturbance at the edge. This results in a more uniform and even arrangement of liquid crystal molecules within the sub-display area A1 corresponding to the common electrode 10. Especially in 2D mode, this structure helps to achieve a more uniform pressing effect and avoids light leakage or ghosting at the edges.

[0105] Figure 14The diagram shown is another planar schematic of the display module provided in this embodiment. Please refer to [the diagram]. Figure 14 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the display module 100 includes a plurality of common electrodes 10 arranged in an array along a first direction D1 and a second direction D2. At least some of the common electrodes 10 are not adjacent to the first side B1. The common electrodes 10 not adjacent to the first side B1 are electrically connected to signal traces L, which are on different layers from the common electrodes 10. In this embodiment, the common electrodes 10 not adjacent to the first side B1 are connected to corresponding bonding pads P0 through signal traces L disposed on different layers from the common electrodes 10 and a first signal trace L1 located on the first substrate O1.

[0106] In this embodiment, the common electrode layer T0 is divided into multiple independent units resembling a checkerboard pattern. This approach breaks through the limitations of column layouts and supports defining 2D windows of arbitrary size anywhere on the screen. For example, a 2D display bubble notification can be defined in the upper right corner of the screen, or a 2D clock knob can be defined in the center of the screen, while the rest of the background area of ​​the screen retains the 3D effect.

[0107] Because the electrodes are arranged in an array, the common electrode 10, which is not adjacent to the first side B1, cannot be directly led out through the same-layer trace. A separate-layer signal trace L is used, that is, a dedicated lead layer is established on a film layer other than the common electrode layer (usually isolated by an insulating layer and connected using vias). This avoids the problem of the same-layer trace having to bypass other common electrodes, allowing the gaps between common electrodes to be very small. The separate-layer trace allows the lead to pass through the film layer on the side of the common electrode away from the liquid crystal layer, without generating additional interference to the electric field of the liquid crystal layer, thus ensuring the visual flatness of the 2D / 3D hybrid shape boundary.

[0108] In this embodiment, the sub-display area corresponding to the 2D display is no longer fixed; it can move dynamically with the content. Multiple 2D windows can coexist. For example, one side can display 2D instrument information, while the other displays a 2D menu, with a 3D real-world map as the background. Furthermore, the matrixed common electrodes 10 can more precisely match the outline of the displayed content, minimizing light leakage or ghosting at the boundary between the 2D and 3D areas.

[0109] Figure 15 The diagram shown is another planar schematic of the display module provided in this embodiment. Please refer to [the diagram]. Figure 15In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the common electrode 10 includes a second type of common electrode 12, which is located on the side of the first type of common electrode 11 away from the first frame region BA. The first type of common electrode 11 is electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pad P0 through a first signal trace L1 located on the first substrate 01, and the second type of common electrode 12 is electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pad P0 through a second signal trace L2 located on the second substrate 02 and the first signal trace L1 located on the first substrate 01. The second signal trace L2 and the common electrode 10 are located in different film layers and are isolated by an insulating layer.

[0110] The first type of common electrode 11 is located near the first border area BA (bonding area). Due to its short path, signal quality is most easily guaranteed. It can be directly connected to the first signal trace L1 on the first substrate 01 using silver paste, and then electrically connected to the bonding pad P0 through the first signal trace L1. The second type of common electrode 12 is located on the side of the first type of common electrode 11 away from the border. It can be led out to the area where the first side B1 is located through the second signal trace L2, which is set on a different layer from the common electrode 10. Then it is electrically connected to the first signal trace L1 on the first substrate 01 using silver paste, and then connected to the bonding pad P0 through the first signal trace L1, realizing the electrical connection between the second type of common electrode 12 and the corresponding bonding pad P0. The layout of introducing both the first type of common electrode 11 and the second type of common electrode 12 in the display module allows the display module to achieve multi-segment control along the second direction D2. For example, the top of the screen (far end, away from the first side B1) can be set as 3D navigation, while the bottom (near end, close to the first side B1) can be set as 2D control buttons, realizing spatial functional decoupling.

[0111] In this disclosure, the first type of common electrode 11 and the second type of common electrode 12 are disposed in the same layer, and the second signal trace L2 is located in a different film layer from the common electrode 10. The second signal trace L2 can pass through directly below or above the common electrode 10 in a cross-layer manner, without the need to reserve a physical channel between the common electrodes 10. This allows the physical gap between the first type of common electrode 11 and the second type of common electrode 12 to be reduced to the micrometer level, effectively reducing optical dark lines or electric field dead zones at the region boundary.

[0112] An insulating layer can be used to isolate the common electrode 10 and the second signal trace L2. This insulating layer helps to isolate capacitive coupling and prevents interference between the near-end signal and the far-end signal during 2D / 3D mode switching. Since the far-end trace (second signal trace L2) is longer and has higher resistance, a heterogeneous layer design allows for the use of a low-resistivity metal or a wider trace specifically for the second signal trace L2, thus facilitating signal synchronization across the entire screen.

[0113] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 15In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, along the thickness direction of the display module, the second signal trace L2 connected to the second type of common electrode 12 overlaps with other common electrodes 10. The extension direction of the second signal trace L2 is the second direction D2. This embodiment describes the example where the second signal trace L2 overlaps with the first type of common electrode 11 located on the side of the corresponding second type of common electrode 12 facing the first side B1, but this is not a limitation. When there are multiple common electrodes 10 on the side of the second type of common electrode 12 connected to the second signal trace L2 facing the first side B1, then the second signal trace L2 will overlap with all of the multiple common electrodes 10. Optionally, the second signal trace L2 is made of a transparent conductive material, such as ITO.

[0114] In this embodiment, since the second signal trace L2 can be hidden within the projection area of ​​other common electrodes 10, the electrode gaps within the display area AA no longer need to be widened to avoid the leads. This overlapping design allows the common electrodes 10 to cover the display area at a very high ratio, achieving seamless partitioning at the physical level. In 2D / 3D mixed display, the edges of mode switching are extremely fine, and there are no obvious optical breaks or dark lines at the partition boundaries, improving visual consistency.

[0115] In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the outline shape of the common electrode 10 is the same as the outline shape of the sub-display area A1; the outline shape of the common electrode 10 is at least one of square, circle, ellipse, T-shape, L-shape, and ring.

[0116] The common electrode 10 is no longer a standardized rectangular block, but is custom-etched according to the actual shape of the sub-display area A1 (such as pop-ups, icons, and dashboards) in the interface design. This ensures that the boundary of the 2D suppressed electric field perfectly matches the boundary of the visual content. This electrode design eliminates unnecessary electric field coverage caused by irregular electrode shapes.

[0117] Figure 16 The diagram shown is another planar structure of the common electrode layer in the display module provided in this embodiment. This embodiment is illustrated by taking the outline of one common electrode 10 as circular and the outline of the other common electrode 10 as an annular. The display module can be a circular display module, that is, the outline of the common electrode 10 can be made according to the outline shape of the display module.

[0118] In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the length of any edge of the common electrode 10 provided in this disclosure is S, where S ≥ 2 mm. When the common electrode 10 has a rectangular structure, S refers to the side length of any side of the rectangle; when the common electrode 10 has a circular structure, S refers to the circumference of the circle. When the common electrode 10 has an irregular structure comprising multiple straight line segments, S refers to the length of any one of the straight line segments.

[0119] When the electrode size is too small (e.g., at the micrometer level), the proportion of the edge electric field in the entire electrode area increases significantly. If S is too small, the lateral electric field component will interfere with the purity of the longitudinal electric field. S ≥ 2 mm ensures that the central area of ​​the electrode has a sufficiently large area to maintain a uniform electric field. In 2D mode, this size ensures that almost all liquid crystal molecules in this area are neatly vertically aligned, thus completely eliminating the 3D effect, ensuring the stability of 2D text display, and preventing edge blurring.

[0120] In human-computer interfaces, the physical size of icons, buttons, or pop-ups is typically on the order of a few millimeters. 2mm is precisely the minimum recommended functional size for comfortable touch interaction or clear reading of information by the human eye at normal viewing distance. This size setting allows the 2D sub-display area to completely enclose a function icon or a set of key values ​​(such as vehicle speed or fuel level), avoiding visual clutter caused by overly fragmented partitions.

[0121] If the dimensions of multiple common electrodes 10 are all small, then the more common electrodes 10 obtained through partitioning, the more signal lines corresponding to the common electrodes 10, and the number of bonding pads P0, the pin requirements of the driver chip, and the algorithm complexity increase exponentially. Setting the minimum length of any edge of the common electrode 10 to 2mm can control the number of partitions in the entire screen within a reasonable range (for example, for a 12.3-inch screen, the number of partitions will not exceed a few hundred). While achieving flexible partitioning, the problems of driver chip overload and overly dense wiring on flexible circuit boards are avoided, achieving an optimal balance between performance and cost.

[0122] Please refer to Figure 3 In one optional embodiment of this disclosure, the display module 100 includes a first display area A11 and a second display area A12. Along the first direction D1, the second display area A12 is located on both sides of the first display area A11. Both the first display area A11 and the second display area A12 include at least one sub-display area A1. In the mixed display mode, the sub-display area A1 in the first display area A11 is in a first display state, and the sub-display area A1 in the second display area A12 is in a second display state.

[0123] In this embodiment, the first display area A11 is located in the middle area of ​​the display module 100 and is in the first display state (3D). Since the focus of human vision is usually concentrated in the center of the screen, placing the 3D effect in the center can maximize the visual impact. The second display area A12 is located on both sides of the display module and is in the second display state (2D). The sides are usually located in the peripheral vision area of ​​the human eye, which is more suitable for displaying auxiliary, high-contrast text or static icons.

[0124] This embodiment uses a 3D display in the central area and a 2D display on both sides. When the user feels dizzy or fatigued, they can quickly alleviate discomfort caused by parallax by slightly shifting their gaze to the 2D areas on both sides. In in-vehicle navigation, the central display shows a three-dimensional 3D map, while the sides display 2D information such as vehicle speed, battery level, and time, which is both aesthetically pleasing and practical.

[0125] Liquid crystal prisms at the screen edges often experience more severe crosstalk due to wide viewing angles. The second display area A12 adopts a 2D state, avoiding the physical drawbacks of poor 3D effects and severe ghosting at the edges. Text information at the edges (such as warning icons and menu bars) is not limited by the viewing angle caused by 3D prisms, and the edge information remains clear and sharp from any angle.

[0126] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a display device. Figure 17 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a display device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Please refer to it. Figure 17 The display device 200 provided in this embodiment includes the display module 100 provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0127] The display device 200 provided in this embodiment can be any electronic device with display function, such as a touch screen, mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, e-reader, or television. It can also be a large-size splicing display device, such as a command center screen or a vehicle-mounted display. The display device 200 provided in this embodiment has the beneficial effects of the display module 100 provided in this embodiment. For details, please refer to the specific descriptions of the display module in the above embodiments. These descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0128] Understandable, Figure 17 The rectangular structure is used as an example to illustrate one shape of the display device 200. In some other embodiments of this disclosure, the display device 200 may also be circular, elliptical, fan-shaped or any other feasible shape, and this disclosure does not specifically limit it.

[0129] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0130] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, The display panel and the liquid crystal assembly are included. The liquid crystal assembly is located in the light-emitting direction of the display panel, and the liquid crystal assembly includes: A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate; A driving electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate; A common electrode layer is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and the common electrode layer includes at least two common electrodes; The display module includes a display area, which includes at least two sub-display areas. Different sub-display areas correspond to different common electrodes. Each sub-display area includes a first display state and a second display state. In the first display state and the second display state, the potential of the common electrode in the sub-display area is different.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module includes a three-dimensional display mode, a two-dimensional display mode, and a hybrid display mode; In the three-dimensional display mode, the sub-display area is in the first display state; In the two-dimensional display mode, the sub-display area is in the second display state; In the hybrid display mode, at least one of the sub-display areas is in the first display state, and at least one of the sub-display areas is in the second display state.

3. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent common electrodes are separated by a first gap, the width S0 of which is less than the thickness S1 of the liquid crystal layer.

4. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that, 0 < S0 ≤ S1 / 10.

5. The display module according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, There is a first gap between adjacent common electrodes, the width of the first gap being S0; 2μm≤S0≤10μm.

6. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the sub-display area is in the first display state, the voltage of the common electrode corresponding to the sub-display area is within the first voltage range; When the sub-display area is in the second display state, the voltage of the common electrode corresponding to the sub-display area is within the second voltage range; Wherein, the absolute value of the voltage in the first voltage range is less than the absolute value of the voltage in the second voltage range.

7. The display module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The driving electrode layer includes multiple driving electrode units, and the same driving electrode unit includes multiple driving electrodes. When the sub-display area is in the first display state, the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the voltage of the common electrode; When the sub-display area is in the second display state, the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode is less than the absolute value of the voltage of the common electrode.

8. The display module according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the sub-display area is in the first display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode and the driving electrode is a first value; when the sub-display area is in the second display state, the absolute value of the voltage difference between the common electrode and the driving electrode is a second value, wherein the second value is greater than the first value.

9. The display module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second value is greater than or equal to 10V.

10. The display module according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the sub-display area is in the second display state, the voltage polarity of the common electrode corresponding to the sub-display area is opposite to that of the driving electrode.

11. The display module according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the sub-display area is in the second display state, the driving electrode receives a first voltage signal and the common electrode receives a second voltage signal; Wherein, both the second voltage signal and the first voltage signal are AC level signals, and the second voltage signal and the first voltage signal flip synchronously.

12. The display module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The switching frequency of the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal is f, where f ≥ 30Hz.

13. The display module according to claim 11, characterized in that, 50Hz≤f≤100Hz.

14. The display module according to claim 12, characterized in that, The flip frequency in the two-dimensional display mode is less than or equal to the flip frequency in the three-dimensional display mode, and less than or equal to the flip frequency in the hybrid display mode.

15. The display module according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the sub-display area is in the first display state, the common electrode corresponding to the sub-display area receives a reference voltage signal, and the driving electrode receives a first voltage signal, wherein the first voltage signal is an AC level signal.

16. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving electrode layer includes multiple driving electrode units, each driving electrode unit including multiple driving electrodes arranged along a first direction; in the three-dimensional display mode, the two-dimensional display mode, and the hybrid display mode, the same driving electrode receives the same first voltage signal.

17. The display module according to claim 16, characterized in that, In the driving electrode unit, in the first direction, along the direction from the middle region to the edge region of the driving electrode unit, the absolute value of the voltage of the driving electrode shows a gradual trend.

18. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module includes a first border area located on at least one side of the display area; The display module includes a bonding pad group disposed in the first frame area. The orthographic projection of the first substrate on the second substrate includes a first side, which is adjacent to the bonding pad group. The bonding pad group includes multiple bonding pads, and different common electrodes are electrically connected to different bonding pads.

19. The display module according to claim 18, characterized in that, The common electrode includes at least two first-type common electrodes, which are adjacent to the first side. Different first-type common electrodes are electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pads through different first signal traces located in the same film layer.

20. The display module according to claim 19, characterized in that, At least two of the first type of common electrodes are arranged along a first direction and extend along a second direction, the second direction being the arrangement direction of the display area and the first border area.

21. The display module according to claim 19, characterized in that, At least one first-class common electrode includes a first edge and a second edge disposed adjacent to each other, the first edge and the second edge being adjacent to another first-class common electrode.

22. The display module according to claim 18, characterized in that, The display module includes a plurality of common electrodes arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. At least some of the common electrodes are not adjacent to the first side. The common electrodes that are not adjacent to the first side are electrically connected to signal traces. The signal traces are on a different layer from the common electrodes.

23. The display module according to claim 19, characterized in that, The common electrode includes a second type of common electrode, which is located on the side of the first type of common electrode away from the first border area; The first type of common electrode is electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pad via a first signal trace located on the first substrate, and the second type of common electrode is electrically connected to the corresponding bonding pad via a second signal trace located on the second substrate and a first signal trace located on the first substrate; the second signal trace and the common electrode are located in different film layers and are isolated by an insulating layer.

24. The display module according to claim 23, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the display module, the second signal trace overlaps with the common electrode.

25. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outline shape of the common electrode is the same as the outline shape of the sub-display area; the outline shape of the common electrode is at least one of square, circle, ellipse, T-shape, L-shape, and ring.

26. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of any edge of the common electrode is S, where S ≥ 2 mm.

27. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module includes a first display area and a second display area. Along a first direction, the second display area is located on both sides of the first display area. Both the first display area and the second display area include at least one of the sub-display areas. In a mixed display mode, the sub-display areas in the first display area are in a first display state, and the sub-display areas in the second display area are in a second display state.

28. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display module described in any one of claims 1 to 27.

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