A polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element, system, and array

Abstract

This application provides a polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element, system, and array. Independently conducting switching units are arranged on the parallel feed line, allowing the center end connected to the parallel feed line and the pole of each connected dipole to be independently switched on or off. Without changing the physical location or redesigning the antenna, switching of the radiation direction and polarization direction is achieved by adjusting the state of the switching units. Because the parasitic units are placed inside the radiation region formed by the dipoles and parasitic units, the antenna element is smaller in size. Thus, while maintaining a small size, simultaneous switching of the antenna's radiation direction and polarization direction is achieved. The connection between the coaxial feed line and the signal source, and the independent control of each switching unit by the power supply, ensure the stability and efficiency of the reconfigurable antenna element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless technology, and in particular to a polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element, system, and array thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional antenna types, such as ordinary patch antennas, FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) antennas, PIFA (Planar Inverted-F Antenna) antennas, PCB (Printed Circuit Board Antenna) antennas, and metal array antennas, are limited by their inherent radiation beam characteristics, making it difficult to achieve dynamic switching of radiation direction. Furthermore, the polarization distribution of these antennas is often random and lacks flexibility, making it difficult to meet the polarization diversity requirements of modern wireless communication systems.

[0003] To realize communication devices such as phased array antenna systems with adjustable radiation and polarization directions, smart APs (Access Points), and high-performance routers, it is necessary to introduce pattern-reconfigurable antennas that can dynamically adjust their radiation and polarization directions according to communication requirements.

[0004] However, while existing pattern-reconfigurable antenna technology has achieved dynamic adjustment of the radiation direction to some extent, it often struggles to switch the polarization direction simultaneously with different radiation directions while maintaining a small size. This makes pattern-reconfigurable antennas unable to meet the high compactness and integration requirements of the aforementioned communication devices. Therefore, how to achieve simultaneous switching of both the radiation direction and polarization direction while ensuring a small antenna size has become a significant challenge in the development of current antenna technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element, system, and array, so as to achieve simultaneous switching of radiation direction and polarization direction while maintaining a small size. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a polarization-independent pattern reconfigurable antenna element, the pattern reconfigurable antenna element comprising a double-layer dielectric substrate, a coaxial feed line, a power supply and a signal source, the double-layer dielectric substrate comprising a first polarization layer, a dielectric layer and a second polarization layer;

[0007] The dielectric layer is located between the first polarization layer and the second polarization layer;

[0008] The first polarization layer is provided with at least N parasitic units, N first parallel feed lines, N first poles of dipoles, and a feed port, where N is not less than 2, and the first poles are either positive or negative. Two parasitic units are provided for each first parallel feed line. The projection of each parasitic unit on the dipole direction of the first parallel feed line is located between the dipole and the feed port. One end of each first parallel feed line is connected to a first center end, and the other end is connected to the first pole of each dipole.

[0009] The second polarization layer is provided with N second parallel feed lines, one end of each second parallel feed line is connected to the second center end, and the other end is connected to the second pole of each dipole, the second pole being the other of the positive pole and the negative pole; each first parallel feed line and / or each second parallel feed line is provided with a switching unit, and each switching unit is independently turned on;

[0010] When the switching unit on each parallel feed line is in the ON state, the center end connected to the parallel feed line is connected to the pole of the connected dipole; when the switching unit on each parallel feed line is in the OFF state, the center end connected to the parallel feed line is disconnected from the pole of the connected dipole.

[0011] The first center end is connected to one of the skin pole and the core pole of the coaxial feed line, and the second center end is connected to the other of the skin pole and the core pole of the coaxial feed line. The core pole and the skin pole of the coaxial feed line are connected to a signal source.

[0012] Each of the aforementioned switch units is connected to a power source via a control line. The power source independently controls each of the aforementioned switch units to be in the conducting state or the blocking state via the control line.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the first electrode is the negative electrode, and the unit further includes a first capacitor and a first inductor;

[0014] The core of the coaxial feed line is electrically connected to the first connection point, one end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first connection point, and the other end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the signal source.

[0015] One end of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first connection point, and the other end of the first inductor is grounded.

[0016] In one possible implementation, N equals 4, and the number of parasitic units is 4;

[0017] One end of each parasitic unit is connected to the first central end, and the included angle between any two adjacent parasitic units is equal to a preset angle, and the included angle between any two adjacent parallel feed lines is equal to the preset angle.

[0018] In one possible implementation, one end of each parasitic unit is connected to the first center end, and the angle between each parasitic unit and the first parallel feeder is within a preset range.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the length of the parasitic unit provided for each of the first parallel feed lines projected in the dipole direction on the first parallel feed line is greater than a preset length.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the switching unit is a PIN diode;

[0021] The power supply is electrically connected to the control electrode of each of the PIN diodes via the control line; the power supply is used to send a first voltage signal to the control electrode via the control line so that the switching unit is in one of the conducting state and the blocking state, and to send a second voltage signal to the control electrode so that the switching unit is in the other of the conducting state and the blocking state.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the control line is further provided with a second inductor.

[0023] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a polarization-independent pattern reconfigurable antenna system, the pattern reconfigurable antenna system including a PCB board, multiple PCB support pillars and pattern reconfigurable antenna elements;

[0024] The PCB board is provided with the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit, which is any of the pattern reconfigurable antenna units described in the first aspect above.

[0025] The PCB support pillars support the PCB board by connecting to the pattern reconfigurable antenna element, and the number of PCB support pillars is the same as the number of dipoles in the pattern reconfigurable antenna element.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the PCB support pillar includes a cavity;

[0027] The PCB support pillar is connected to the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit through the cavity and control lines.

[0028] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a radiation direction switching method, the method comprising:

[0029] In response to a first switching command, the radiation direction indicated by the first switching command is identified;

[0030] The switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction is controlled to be in the on state.

[0031] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a polarization direction switching method, the method comprising:

[0032] In response to a second switching command, the polarization direction indicated by the second switching command is identified;

[0033] The switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction is controlled to be in the on state.

[0034] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a radiation direction switching device, the device comprising:

[0035] The first response module is used to respond to the first switching command and identify the radiation direction indicated by the first switching command.

[0036] The first switching module is used to control the switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction to be in the conducting state.

[0037] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a polarization direction switching device, the device comprising:

[0038] The second response module is used to respond to the second switching command and identify the polarization direction indicated by the second switching command.

[0039] The second switching module is used to control the switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction to be in the conducting state.

[0040] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a polarization-independent pattern reconfigurable antenna array, the array comprising a PCB board, multiple PCB support pillars, and multiple pattern reconfigurable antenna elements;

[0041] The PCB board is provided with the plurality of pattern reconfigurable antenna elements, and the pattern reconfigurable antenna elements are any of the pattern reconfigurable antenna elements described in the first aspect;

[0042] Each of the PCB support pillars supports the PCB board by being connected to the pattern reconfigurable antenna element, and the number of the PCB support pillars is the same as the number of dipoles in the plurality of pattern reconfigurable antenna elements.

[0043] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including:

[0044] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0045] When the processor executes a program stored in the memory, it implements any of the radiation direction switching methods or polarization direction switching methods described above.

[0046] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the radiation direction switching methods or polarization direction switching methods described above.

[0047] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute any of the radiation direction switching methods or polarization direction switching methods described above.

[0048] Beneficial effects of the embodiments in this application:

[0049] This application provides a polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element, system, and array, employing a double-layer dielectric substrate design that integrates a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer. At least N parasitic elements, a first parallel feed line, and the first pole of a dipole are arranged in the first polarization layer, while a second parallel feed line and the second pole of a dipole are arranged in the second polarization layer. Independently conductive switching units are provided on the parallel feed lines, allowing the center end connected to the parallel feed line and the pole of each connected dipole to be independently switched on or off. Without changing the physical location or redesigning the antenna, switching of the radiation direction and polarization direction is achieved by adjusting the state of the switching units. Because the parasitic elements are located within the radiation region formed by the dipole and the parasitic elements, the antenna element is smaller in size, thus achieving simultaneous switching of the antenna's radiation direction and polarization direction while maintaining a small size. The stability and efficiency of the reconfigurable antenna element are ensured by connecting the coaxial feed line to the signal source and by the power supply independently controlling each switching unit.

[0050] Of course, implementing any product or method of this application does not necessarily require achieving all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a reconfigurable antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the PCB support column provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply network provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the radiation direction provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0060] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the reconfigurable antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the reconfigurable antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 11 A schematic flowchart illustrating the radiation direction switching method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 12 A schematic flowchart illustrating the polarization direction switching method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction switching device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0065] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the polarization direction switching device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0066] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0067] 100 - Pattern reconfigurable antenna element; 101 - Double-layer dielectric substrate; 102 - Coaxial feed line; 103 - Power supply; 104 - Signal source; 1011 / 2 - First polarization layer; 1012 - Dielectric layer; 1013 / 2′ - Second polarization layer; 1 - Feed port; 2 - First polarization layer; 3 - First negative electrode; 5 - Second negative electrode; 7 - Third negative electrode; 9 - Fourth negative electrode; 4 - First positive electrode; 6 - Second positive electrode; 8 - Third positive electrode; 10′ - Fourth positive electrode; 10 - First parasitic element; 11 - Second parasitic element; 12 - Third parasitic element; 13 - Fourth parasitic element; 14 - Parallel feed line 1; 15 - Parallel feed line 2; 16 - Parallel feed line 3; 17 - Parallel feed line 4; 14′ - Parallel feed line 5; 15′ - Parallel feed line 6; 16 17′- Parallel feed line 7; 17′- Parallel feed line 8; 18- First PIN diode; 19- Second PIN diode; 20- Third PIN diode; 21- Fourth PIN diode; 22- Inductor 1; 23- Inductor 2; 24- Inductor 3; 25- Inductor 4; 26- Hole 1; 27- Hole 2; 28- Hole 3; 29- Hole 4; 30- PCB support post; 301- Cavity; 31- Hole 5; 32- Inductor 5; 33- First capacitor; 34- First inductor; 35- First connection point; 36- Fifth PIN diode; 37- Sixth PIN diode; 38- Inductor 6; 39- Inductor 7; 900- Reconfigurable antenna system; 901- PCB board; 1000- PCB board reconfigurable antenna array. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] To more clearly illustrate the polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna and its array provided in this application, the relevant terms used in this document will be explained below:

[0070] Radiation pattern: The radiation pattern of an antenna is a graphic representation of the relationship between the antenna's radiation characteristics (field strength amplitude, phase, polarization) and spatial angle. A complete radiation pattern is presented in three-dimensional space, but in engineering practice, to simplify analysis, a certain plane cross-section is often selected for display, i.e., a two-dimensional radiation pattern.

[0071] A reconfigurable pattern antenna is an antenna whose radiation characteristics and spatial angular relationship can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application requirements. Through adjustment, the antenna can reconfigure its radiation pattern to adapt to different communication environments or user needs.

[0072] Polarization refers to the direction of vibration of the electric field vector in the electromagnetic waves radiated by an antenna, and is one of the important parameters describing the characteristics of electromagnetic waves. As a vector, the electric field has both magnitude and direction.

[0073] An array antenna is an array structure composed of multiple antennas arranged in a certain ordered or random manner. Through array design, more complex radiation characteristics can be achieved, such as directional transmission and beamforming.

[0074] Array element: In an array antenna, an array element refers to the basic unit that makes up the entire array, also known as an array element, and in this article, it is referred to as a reconfigurable antenna element. Multiple array elements are arranged and combined according to certain rules to form an array antenna with specific radiation characteristics.

[0075] Parasitic elements: These are a series of passive elements (also called parasitic components) arranged around an antenna. By adjusting the shape, size, and spacing of these elements, the phase and amplitude of the induced current on the parasitic elements can be changed, thereby optimizing the antenna's radiation pattern and improving its gain performance.

[0076] Smart antennas can adjust the direction of their maximum gain pattern in real time according to changes in the communication environment or the user's location, pointing it towards the user's location, and pointing the null (i.e., the radiation reduction region) towards the interference source. This adaptive adjustment capability makes smart antennas promising for a wide range of applications in wireless communication systems.

[0077] Coaxial feeder: A type of transmission line with a concentric circle shape. Generally, the outer and inner circles are made of metal, and there is an insulating medium between the outer and inner circles. In this article, the outer circle is referred to as the skin pole and the inner circle as the core pole.

[0078] PIN diode: A PIN diode is a special semiconductor device composed of three parts: a P-type semiconductor, an intrinsic semiconductor (I-type, i.e., an undoped semiconductor), and an N-type semiconductor.

[0079] This application provides a polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a reconfigurable antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. The polarization-independent pattern reconfigurable antenna element 100 includes a double-layer dielectric substrate 101, a coaxial feed line 102, a power supply 103, and a signal source 104. The double-layer dielectric substrate 101 includes a first polarization layer 1011, a dielectric layer 1012, and a second polarization layer 1013. The dielectric layer 1012 is located between the first polarization layer 1012 and the second polarization layer 1013.

[0080] The first polarization layer 1012 is provided with at least N parasitic units, N first parallel feed lines, the first poles of N dipoles, and a feed port, where N is not less than 2, and the first poles are either positive or negative. Two parasitic units are provided for each first parallel feed line. The projection of each parasitic unit provided for each first parallel feed line in the direction of the first parallel feed line is located between the dipole and the feed port. One end of each first parallel feed line is connected to the first center end, and the other end is connected to the first pole of each dipole.

[0081] The second polarization layer 1013 is provided with N second parallel feed lines. One end of each second parallel feed line is connected to the second center end, and the other end is connected to the second pole of each dipole. The second pole is the other of the positive and negative poles. Each first parallel feed line and / or each second parallel feed line is provided with a switching unit, and each switching unit is independently turned on.

[0082] When the switching unit on each parallel feeder is in the ON state, the center end connected to the parallel feeder is connected to the pole of the connected dipole; when the switching unit on each parallel feeder is in the OFF state, the center end connected to the parallel feeder is blocked from the pole of the connected dipole.

[0083] The first center end is connected to one of the skin pole and the core pole of the coaxial feed line 102, and the second center end is connected to the other of the skin pole and the core pole of the coaxial feed line 102. The core pole and the skin pole of the coaxial feed line 102 are connected to the signal source 104.

[0084] Each switching unit is connected to the power supply 103 via a control line. The power supply 103 independently controls each switching unit to be in a conducting state or a blocking state via the control line.

[0085] Applying the above embodiments, a dual-layer dielectric substrate design is adopted, integrating a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer. At least N parasitic units, a first parallel feed line, and the first pole of a dipole are set in the first polarization layer, while a second parallel feed line and the second pole of a dipole are set in the second polarization layer. Independently conductive switching units are set on the parallel feed lines, allowing the center end connected to the parallel feed line and the pole of each connected dipole to be independently switched on or off. Without changing the physical location or redesigning the antenna, switching of the radiation direction and polarization direction is achieved by adjusting the state of the switching units. Because the parasitic units are placed inside the radiation region formed by the dipole and the parasitic units, the antenna element size is reduced, thus achieving simultaneous switching of the antenna radiation direction and polarization direction while maintaining a small size. The connection between the coaxial feed line and the signal source, and the independent control of each switching unit by the power supply, ensure the stability and efficiency of the reconfigurable antenna element.

[0086] Furthermore, the reconfigurable antenna element provided in this application embodiment can control the main radiated beam to the desired communication direction, providing higher radiated energy for the desired communication direction than a conventional omnidirectional antenna, thereby enabling a longer communication distance and higher signal strength in the communication direction, avoiding interference from beams in other directions from entering the antenna and affecting signal quality, thus improving signal quality.

[0087] The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element 100 provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific illustrations:

[0088] For ease of description, the pattern-reconfigurable antenna element 100 will be used as an example below. Figures 2-4 The structure shown is used as an example for explanation.

[0089] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarization layer 1011, and also a reverse schematic diagram of the reconfigurable antenna element 100. See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application, showing the second polarization layer 1013, which is also a front view of the reconfigurable antenna element 100. See also... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 The diagram shows a 3D structural schematic of the reconfigurable antenna element 100.

[0090] exist Figures 2-4 In the antenna element 100, four parasitic elements are provided. These parasitic elements are located on the negative pole of the antenna element (i.e., the first polarization layer, which is the reverse side of the reconfigurable antenna element). The parasitic elements are triangular in shape, and a pair of parasitic elements positioned for the same parallel feed line are arranged in a V-shape. The number of the first parallel feed line, the second parallel feed line, and the dipoles are all four. The first pole of the dipole is the negative pole, and the switching unit is a PIN diode. The first center end is connected to the skin pole of the coaxial feed line 102, and the second center end is connected to the core pole of the coaxial feed line 102. The core pole and the skin pole of the coaxial feed line 102 are connected to the signal source 104.

[0091] One end of each parasitic unit is connected to the first central end. The angle formed between any two adjacent parasitic units is equal to a preset angle, and the angle formed between any two adjacent parallel feed lines is also equal to a preset angle. That is, the angles formed by each parasitic unit and its adjacent parallel feed lines are equal. Figures 2-4 The example shown is 45 degrees.

[0092] By applying the above embodiments, by setting N equal to 4 and configuring a corresponding number of 4 parasitic units, one end of each parasitic unit is uniformly connected to the first center end, so that the included angle formed by each parasitic unit and the adjacent parallel feed line is equal, the structural layout of the reconfigurable antenna unit is simplified, so that the reconfigurable antenna unit can achieve switching of antenna radiation direction and polarization direction while maintaining a compact structure.

[0093] The power supply port 1 serves as a signal input port and can be powered by a coaxial feed line (not shown in the figure). The first polarization layer 2 (i.e., the aforementioned 1012) is provided with the first pole of the dipole, i.e., the negative pole. There are four negative poles in the figure, which are denoted as the first negative pole 3, the second negative pole 5, the third negative pole 7, and the fourth negative pole 9. The second polarization layer 2′ (i.e., the aforementioned 1013) is provided with the second pole of the dipole, i.e., the positive pole. There are four positive poles in the figure, which are denoted as the first positive pole 4, the second positive pole 6, the third positive pole 8, and the fourth positive pole 10′. There are four sets of dipole structures, namely the first negative pole 3 and the first positive pole 4, the second negative pole 5 and the second positive pole 6, the third negative pole 7 and the third positive pole 8, and the fourth negative pole 9 and the fourth positive pole 10′. Four parasitic units are provided on the first polarization layer 2, which are respectively referred to as the first parasitic unit 10, the second parasitic unit 11, the third parasitic unit 12 and the fourth parasitic unit 13. They are four pairs of parasitic units: the first parasitic unit 10 and the second parasitic unit 11, the second parasitic unit 11 and the third parasitic unit 12, the third parasitic unit 12 and the fourth parasitic unit 13, and the fourth parasitic unit 13 and the first parasitic unit 10.

[0094] There are four parallel feeders: Parallel Feeder 14, Parallel Feeder 25, Parallel Feeder 36, and Parallel Feeder 47. One end of each feeder is connected to the first center end, which is the location of feeder port 1. The other end is connected to the negative pole of the dipole, namely the first negative pole 3, the second negative pole 5, the third negative pole 7, and the fourth negative pole 9. There are four parallel feeders: Parallel Feeder 5', Parallel Feeder 6', Parallel Feeder 7', and Parallel Feeder 8'. Together with the first parallel feeders, they form four groups of parallel feeders: Parallel Feeder 14 and Parallel Feeder 5', Parallel Feeder 25 and Parallel Feeder 6', Parallel Feeder 36 and Parallel Feeder 7', and Parallel Feeder 4 and Parallel Feeder 8'.

[0095] A first PIN diode 18 is installed on parallel feed line 14, a second PIN diode 19 is installed on parallel feed line 15, a third PIN diode 20 is installed on parallel feed line 16, and a fourth PIN diode 21 is installed on parallel feed line 17.

[0096] For each parasitic unit configured for each first parallel feeder, the projection of the unit onto the dipole direction on the first parallel feeder is located between the dipole and feed port 1. The dipole direction is the direction of the parallel feeder where the dipole is located. For example, see [link to example]. Figure 2 The projection of the first parasitic unit 10 in the dipole direction of the first parallel feed line 14 is located between the fourth negative pole 9 of the dipole and the feed port 1. Alternatively, the projection of the first parasitic unit 10 in the dipole direction can be located between the first negative pole 3 of the dipole and the feed port 1. That is, the parasitic unit is located inside the radiation area formed by the dipole and the parasitic unit, thereby making the antenna unit smaller in size.

[0097] Power supply 103 is electrically connected to the control electrode of the PIN diodes on each parallel feed line via control lines. Power supply 103 provides DC bias voltage to each PIN diode. The control lines consist of feed lines passing through holes 26, 27, 28, and 29 from the right-angle connector and a second inductor. The second inductor is inductor 22, inductor 23, inductor 24, and inductor 25. Inductors 22, 23, 24, and 25 are used to isolate the radio frequency signals on the reconfigurable antenna from entering the control lines, effectively preventing unnecessary flow of radio frequency signals in the reconfigurable antenna structure, thereby reducing signal interference and energy loss. This not only improves the signal purity and transmission efficiency of the signal transmission on the reconfigurable antenna, but also enhances the stability and reliability of the reconfigurable antenna element.

[0098] Power supply 103 sends a first voltage signal or a second voltage signal to the control electrode via a control line to independently control each PIN diode to be in a conducting state or a blocking state. When the PIN diode on the parallel feed line is in a conducting state, the center end connected to the parallel feed line is connected to the pole of the connected dipole. When the PIN diode on the parallel feed line is in a blocking state, the center end connected to the parallel feed line is blocked from the pole of the connected dipole.

[0099] By applying the above embodiments, PIN diodes are used as switching units, and the power supply is connected to the control electrode of each PIN diode via a control line. By sending different voltage signals to the control electrode, the switching unit is made to be in a conducting state or a blocking state. The state switching of the switching unit can be flexibly and accurately controlled, which improves the stability and speed of the switching unit switching between the two states, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the switching of the antenna radiation direction and polarization direction.

[0100] When a DC bias voltage is applied to the PIN diodes on each set of parallel feeds, the dipoles connected to the parallel feed lines will be excited. For example, when a bias voltage is applied to the first PIN diode 18 on parallel feed line 14, the dipole formed by the corresponding first negative electrode 3 and first positive electrode 4, together with a pair of parasitic units formed by the first parasitic unit 10 and the second parasitic unit 11, will send electromagnetic waves to the region where the dipole formed by the first negative electrode 3 and first positive electrode 4 is located, thus exciting the dipole formed by the first negative electrode 3 and first positive electrode 4.

[0101] Specifically, two parasitic units positioned for each first parallel feed line act on a dipole positioned on that first parallel feed line. When the dipole is activated, it radiates electromagnetic waves outward. A portion of these waves is radiated in the main radiation direction, while the other portion is radiated towards the parasitic units. At this point, adjacent parasitic units reflect the portion of the electromagnetic waves radiated towards them back to the main radiation direction of the dipole, significantly enhancing the signal in that direction while weakening or even eliminating the signal strength in other directions. In other words, when the electromagnetic waves emitted by the dipole excite neighboring parasitic units, an induced current is generated within the parasitic unit, making it functionally equivalent to an array element. This array element, together with the original dipole, forms an array effect. By adjusting the length of the parasitic unit and the distance between the parasitic unit and the dipole, the electric field generated by the parasitic unit can be made opposite in vector direction to the electric field generated by the dipole. These opposite electric field vectors cancel each other out in the direction from the dipole to the parasitic unit, but are strengthened in the main radiation direction of the dipole, thus achieving a directional radiation effect of electromagnetic waves. For example, when the dipole composed of the first negative pole 3 and the first positive pole 4 is excited, a pair of parasitic units composed of the first parasitic unit 10 and the second parasitic unit 11 reflect electromagnetic waves to the direction of the dipole composed of the first negative pole 3 and the first positive pole 4, thereby strengthening the signal in that direction and weakening or eliminating the signal strength in other directions.

[0102] Taking the first voltage signal sent by power supply 103 as an example, which is transmitted to the reconfigurable antenna element through PCB support post 30, the PCB support post 30 and the reconfigurable antenna element 100 are connected by a right-angle connector. See Figure 5 , Figure 5 The diagram below shows the structure of the PCB support pillar provided in this application embodiment. The PCB support pillar 30 includes a cavity 301. The PCB support pillar 30 forms a feeding circuit through a feed line, an inductor 32 on the feed line, and a hole 31 on the PCB support pillar 30. This circuit is used to transmit DC bias voltage to each PIN diode on the reconfigurable antenna unit 100. The PCB support pillar 30 also serves as a structural support for the reconfigurable antenna unit 100.

[0103] The control line is connected to the control line of the reconfigurable antenna unit 100 through the feed line in the cavity 301 of the PCB support pillar 30, the No. 5 inductor 32 on the feed line, the right-angle connector through the No. 5 hole 31, the No. 1 hole 26, the No. 27, the No. 38, and the No. 4 hole 29, and acts on the PIN diode on the parallel feed line. The No. 5 inductor 32 is used to isolate the radio frequency signal on the reconfigurable antenna from entering the control line.

[0104] Since the above embodiment has four sets of parallel feed lines and four pairs of dipoles, the four control lines are guided by four PCB support pillars 30 to the control lines of the reconfigurable antenna element 100 with four DC bias voltages. The DC bias voltage returns to the ground of the reconfigurable antenna element from the coaxial feed line skin through the feed port 1, forming a total of four DC bias voltage loops. The first DC bias voltage loop is: Inductor 32 (No. 5) - Hole 31 (No. 5) - Hole 26 (No. 1) - First PIN diode 18 - Feed port 1. The second DC bias voltage loop is: Inductor 32 (No. 5) - Hole 31 (No. 5) - Hole 27 (No. 2) - Inductor 23 (No. 2) - Second PIN diode 19 - Feed port 1. The third DC bias voltage loop is: Inductor 32 (No. 5) - Hole 31 (No. 5) - Hole 28 (No. 3) - Inductor 24 (No. 3) - Third PIN diode 20 - Feed port 1. The fourth DC bias voltage circuit is as follows: Inductor 32 (No. 5) - Hole 31 (No. 5) - Hole 29 (No. 4) - Inductor 25 (No. 4) - PIN diode 21 (No. 4) - Feed port 1.

[0105] The foregoing Figures 2-4 As an example and illustration of placing the parasitic element at the negative terminal of the reconfigurable antenna element 100, in another possible embodiment, the parasitic element may also be placed at the positive terminal of the reconfigurable antenna element 100.

[0106] In this embodiment, the DC bias voltage returns to ground from the coaxial feed core through feed port 1. In one possible embodiment, the RF signal on the reconfigurable antenna can be isolated from the control line by placing an inductor on the positive terminal of the reconfigurable antenna element 100, and then the DC bias voltage returns to ground from the coaxial feed core.

[0107] In another possible embodiment, see Figure 6 , Figure 6The schematic diagram of the feeding network provided in the embodiment of this application shows that a first capacitor 33 and a first inductor 34 can also be provided in the reconfigurable antenna unit. The core of the coaxial feed line (only the reconfigurable antenna 100 is shown in the figure, and the core of the coaxial feed line is not specifically shown) is electrically connected to the first connection point 35. One end of the first capacitor 33 is electrically connected to the first connection point 35, and the other end of the first capacitor 33 is electrically connected to the signal source 104. One end of the first inductor 34 is electrically connected to the first connection point 35, and the other end of the first inductor 34 is grounded (i.e., GND1 in the figure), so that the DC bias voltage returns to the ground of the reconfigurable antenna unit through the core of the coaxial feed line.

[0108] By applying the above embodiments, by setting capacitors at the core of the coaxial feed line and the signal source, the DC bias voltage from the signal source can be isolated from entering the antenna unit circuit, while the radio frequency signal from the signal source is introduced into the antenna unit circuit. At the same time, an inductor is set between the core and the ground terminal, so that the DC bias voltage can flow smoothly back to the reconfigurable antenna unit ground through the core of the coaxial feed line, and the radio frequency signal is isolated from flowing back to the signal source. This ensures that the reconfigurable antenna unit can accurately receive the control signal when it needs to change the radiation direction or polarization direction, and realizes the flexible switching of the reconfigurable antenna direction or polarization direction.

[0109] The above will be discussed below. Figures 2-4 The method by which the reconfigurable antenna element and PCB support pillars achieve switching of radiation direction and polarization direction is explained:

[0110] This application embodiment includes four orientation modes and two polarization modes. The four orientation modes point the corresponding radiation patterns to four radiation directions, which are respectively denoted as the first direction, the second direction, the third direction, and the fourth direction. The first direction is the dipole formed by the first negative electrode 3 and the first positive electrode 4 pointed from the feed port 1; the second direction is the dipole formed by the second negative electrode 5 and the second positive electrode 6 pointed from the feed port 1; the third direction is the dipole formed by the third negative electrode 7 and the third positive electrode 8 pointed from the feed port 1; and the fourth direction is the dipole formed by the fourth negative electrode 9 and the fourth positive electrode 10′ pointed from the feed port 1.

[0111] There are two polarization modes: horizontal polarization and vertical polarization. When the dipole composed of the first negative pole 3 and the first positive pole 4, or the dipole composed of the third negative pole 7 and the third positive pole 8, is activated, the electric field vector is mainly parallel to the direction of the dipole, which is horizontal polarization. When the dipole composed of the second negative pole 5 and the second positive pole 6, or the dipole composed of the fourth negative pole 9 and the fourth positive pole 10′, is activated, the electric field vector is mainly parallel to the direction of the dipole, which is vertical polarization.

[0112] That is, the first and third directions are horizontally polarized, while the second and fourth directions are vertically polarized. Specifically, see Table 1, which is a schematic table illustrating the correspondence between direction switching and PIN diodes provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0113]

[0114] Table 1

[0115] Applying a DC bias voltage to the control lines on the PCB support pillar 30 creates a loop as follows: control lines on the PCB support pillar 30 - inductor 32 (No. 5) - hole 31 (No. 5) - right-angle connector - hole 26 (No. 1) - control lines on the reconfigurable antenna - inductor 22 (No. 1) - first PIN diode 18 - a pair of parasitic units consisting of the first parasitic unit 10 and the second parasitic unit 11 - coaxial feed line. When the DC bias voltage is applied, the first PIN diode 18 is turned on, causing the center terminals connected to parallel feed line 14 (No. 1) and parallel feed line 14' (No. 5) to be connected to the dipole of the connected dipole, thereby switching the radiation direction to the first direction and the polarization direction to horizontal polarization. See the radiation pattern for the first direction. Figure 7 The diagram uses lines and circles to indicate the direction. At this time, the second PIN diode 19, the third PIN diode 20, and the fourth PIN diode 21 are in the blocking state (i.e., open).

[0116] Similarly, applying a DC bias voltage to the feed line on the PCB support post 30 creates the following loop: control line on PCB support post 30 - inductor 32 (number 5) - hole 31 (number 5) - right-angle connector - hole 27 (number 2) - control line on the reconfigurable antenna - inductor 23 (number 2) - second PIN diode 19 - a pair of parasitic units consisting of the second parasitic unit 11 and the third parasitic unit 12 - coaxial feed line. When the bias voltage is applied, the second PIN diode 19 conducts, causing the center terminals connected to parallel feed line 15 (number 2) and parallel feed line 15' (number 6) to connect with the dipole of the connected dipole, thereby switching the radiation direction to the second direction and the polarization direction to vertical polarization. See the radiation pattern for the second direction. Figure 7 The direction diagram is marked with lines and diamonds. At this time, the first PIN diode 18, the third PIN diode 20, and the fourth PIN diode 21 are in the blocking state.

[0117] Applying a DC bias voltage to the control lines on the PCB support pillar 30 creates a loop as follows: control lines on the PCB support pillar 30 - inductor 32 (No. 5) - hole 31 (No. 5) - right-angle connector - hole 28 (No. 3) - control lines on the reconfigurable antenna - inductor 24 (No. 3) - third PIN diode 20 - a pair of parasitic units consisting of the second parasitic unit 12 and the third parasitic unit 13 - coaxial feed line. When the bias voltage is applied, the third PIN diode 20 is turned on, causing the center terminals connected to parallel feed lines 16 (No. 3) and 16' (No. 7) to be connected to the dipoles, thus switching the radiation direction to the third direction and the polarization direction to horizontal polarization. See the radiation pattern for the third direction. Figure 7 The direction diagram is marked with lines and squares. At this time, the first PIN diode 18, the second PIN diode 19, and the fourth PIN diode 21 are in the blocking state.

[0118] Applying a DC bias voltage to the control lines on the PCB support pillar 30 creates a loop as follows: control lines on the PCB support pillar 30 - inductor 32 (No. 5) - hole 31 (No. 5) - right-angle connector - hole 29 (No. 4) - control lines on the reconfigurable antenna - inductor 25 (No. 4) - fourth PIN diode 21 - a pair of parasitic units consisting of the third parasitic unit 13 and the first parasitic unit 10 - coaxial feed line. When the bias voltage is applied, the fourth PIN diode 21 conducts, causing the center terminals of parallel feed lines 17 (No. 4) and 17' (No. 8) to connect with the connected dipole, thus switching the radiation direction to the fourth direction and the polarization direction to vertical polarization. See the radiation pattern for the fourth direction. Figure 7 The direction diagram is marked with lines and triangles. At this time, the first PIN diode 18, the second PIN diode 19, and the third PIN diode 20 are in the blocking state.

[0119] Understandable Figures 2-4 This is merely one possible embodiment of the reconfigurable antenna element 100 provided in this application. Although the number of parasitic units, first parallel feed lines, and dipoles in the aforementioned embodiment is 4, and the shape of the parasitic units is triangular, this does not limit the number of parasitic units, first parallel feed lines, and dipoles in the reconfigurable antenna element 100 provided in this application to only 4, nor does it limit the shape of the parasitic units in the reconfigurable antenna element 100 provided in this application to only triangular. In other embodiments, the number of parasitic units, first parallel feed lines, and dipoles can also be other numbers. The minimum number of parasitic units should be equal to the number of first parallel feed lines and dipoles, and the number of parasitic units, first parallel feed lines, and dipoles should not be less than 2. The parasitic units can also be other shapes, such as straight strips. When the parasitic unit is a straight strip, the shape of a pair of parasitic units can be a straight strip or a V-shape.

[0120] In order to achieve flexible adjustment and optimization of the radiation characteristics of the reconfigurable antenna element 100 and reduce the size of the reconfigurable antenna element, when one end of each parasitic element is connected to the first center end, the angle between each parasitic element set for each first parallel feed line and the first parallel feed line should be within a preset range. That is, each pair of parasitic elements is located within the radiation range of the dipole between each pair of parasitic elements. This range is determined by professional technicians based on their work experience or industry standards, and will not be elaborated here.

[0121] To further reduce the volume of the reconfigurable antenna element 100, the projected length of each parasitic element on the dipole direction of the first parallel feed line is greater than a preset length. The preset length can be determined by professional technicians based on their work experience or industry standards, or it can be determined based on the operating wavelength of the dipole. For example, taking the determination based on the operating wavelength of the dipole as an example, the projected length of a pair of parasitic elements on the dipole direction is slightly greater than 1 / 2λg (λg is the operating wavelength of the dipole).

[0122] In other embodiments, the switching unit may also be a switching element that has the same effect as a PIN diode, wherein the switching element with the same effect refers to a switching element that can achieve a similar conduction and blocking function as a PIN diode in the circuit, and can be, for example, a relay, a transistor, etc.

[0123] In the aforementioned embodiments, the PIN diode is disposed at the negative terminal of the reconfigurable antenna unit 100 (i.e., the terminal where the negative terminal of the dipole is located), and the positive terminal of the reconfigurable antenna unit 100 (i.e., the terminal where the positive terminal of the dipole is located) is directly turned on. When switching, it is only necessary to turn on the PIN diode connected to the negative terminal of the dipole corresponding to the radiation direction or polarization direction.

[0124] In other possible embodiments, a PIN diode may be placed at the positive terminal of the reconfigurable antenna element, or PIN diodes may be placed at both the positive and negative terminals of the reconfigurable antenna element. When a PIN diode is placed at the positive terminal of the reconfigurable antenna element 100, the negative terminal of the reconfigurable antenna element 100 is normally conductive; during switching, only the PIN diode connected to the positive terminal of the dipole corresponding to the radiation direction or polarization direction needs to be activated. When PIN diodes are placed at both the positive and negative terminals of the reconfigurable antenna element, only the PIN diodes connected to the positive and negative terminals of the dipole corresponding to the radiation direction or polarization direction need to be activated simultaneously. See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the reconfigurable antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application, and a 3D structural schematic diagram of another reconfigurable antenna element 100, as shown below. Figure 8As shown, a fifth PIN diode 36 and a sixth PIN diode 37 are provided on all parallel feed lines of the positive and negative terminals of the reconfigurable antenna element 100. Two control lines are connected to the vias, and two sets of inductors are provided on the control lines, which are designated as inductor 38 and inductor 39 respectively. When a DC bias voltage is applied to the PIN diodes, the center terminal connected to the parallel feed line and the dipole connected to it can be turned on.

[0125] By applying the above embodiments, multiple switching modes are realized by flexibly placing PIN diodes at the positive, negative, or both positive and negative poles of the reconfigurable antenna element, simplifying the switching operation and improving the flexibility and efficiency of switching between the conduction and blocking states of the center end connected to the parallel feed line and the connected dipole.

[0126] Based on the aforementioned reconfigurable antenna element, this application embodiment also provides a polarization-independent pattern reconfigurable antenna system, using the aforementioned reconfigurable antenna element as the basis. Figures 2-4 Taking the structure shown as an example, and the PCB support column 30 as described above... Figure 5 For example, see the structure shown. Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the reconfigurable antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application. The reconfigurable antenna system 900 includes a PCB board 901, multiple PCB support pillars 30, and a pattern reconfigurable antenna element 100. The pattern reconfigurable antenna element 100 is disposed on the PCB board 901. The PCB support pillars 30 support the PCB board 901 by connecting to the pattern reconfigurable antenna element 100. The number of PCB support pillars 30 is the same as the number of dipoles in the pattern reconfigurable antenna element 100. In the figure, there are 4 PCB support pillars 30.

[0127] By applying the above embodiments, while maintaining a small size, each dipole can be independently and selectively activated or deactivated. A reconfigurable antenna unit, which switches the antenna radiation direction and polarization direction by adjusting the state of the switching unit, is mounted on a PCB board without requiring changes to the physical location or redesign of the antenna. The PCB board is supported by PCB support pillars, the same number of dipoles as the reconfigurable antenna unit, forming a signal loop with multiple dipoles. These signal loops enable the reconfigurable antenna system to precisely switch the radiation direction and polarization direction according to actual needs, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the reconfigurable antenna system and enabling it to cope with various complex communication environments and requirements.

[0128] Furthermore, the reconfigurable antenna system provided in this application embodiment can control the main radiated beam to the desired communication direction, providing higher radiated energy for the desired communication direction than a conventional omnidirectional antenna, thereby enabling a longer communication distance and higher signal strength in the communication direction, avoiding interference from beams in other directions from entering the antenna and affecting signal quality, thus improving signal quality.

[0129] For the switching of the radiation direction and polarization direction of the reconfigurable antenna system 900, please refer to the aforementioned description of the reconfigurable antenna element 100, which will not be repeated here.

[0130] In one possible embodiment, as described above, the PCB support post 30 further includes a cavity 301, and the PCB support post 30 is connected to the pattern reconfigurable antenna element 100 through the cavity 301 and control lines.

[0131] By applying the above embodiments, the presence of the cavity provides sufficient space and protection for the arrangement of control lines, improves the stability and reliability of control signals during transmission, helps to improve the overall performance of the reconfigurable antenna system, reduces the risk of failure caused by improper layout of control lines, simplifies the structure of the reconfigurable antenna system, makes the reconfigurable antenna system more compact and integrated, and reduces the size of the reconfigurable antenna system.

[0132] Corresponding to the aforementioned reconfigurable antenna element 100, this application embodiment also provides a polarization-independent pattern reconfigurable antenna array, still using the reconfigurable antenna element 100 as the aforementioned... Figures 2-4 Taking the structure shown as an example, and the PCB support pillars as described above... Figure 5 For example, see the structure shown. Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the reconfigurable antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 The diagram only shows the case where the reconfigurable antenna array 1000 includes four reconfigurable antenna elements 100. In other embodiments, the reconfigurable antenna array 1000 may also have other structures, which are not specifically limited here.

[0133] The reconfigurable antenna array 1000 includes a PCB board 901, 16 PCB support pillars 30 (only one PCB support pillar 30 is shown in the figure), and 4 pattern reconfigurable antenna elements 100 (only one reconfigurable antenna element 100 is shown in the figure). The pattern reconfigurable antenna elements 100 are mounted on the PCB board 901, and each PCB support pillar 30 supports the PCB board 901 by connecting to the pattern reconfigurable antenna elements 100. The number of PCB support pillars 30 is the same as the number of dipoles in the multiple pattern reconfigurable antenna elements 100.

[0134] By setting the radiation direction of each reconfigurable antenna element 100 to the first direction and the center distance of each reconfigurable antenna element 100 to 100 mm (0.82 free space wavelengths), the main beam synthesized by the reconfigurable antenna elements 100 can be deflected in one direction, and the polarization direction of the beam is the same, which is horizontal polarization.

[0135] Similarly, if the radiation direction of each reconfigurable antenna element 100 is set to the second, third, or fourth direction, the synthesized beam will be deflected accordingly, and the corresponding polarization mode will be obtained.

[0136] In the reconfigurable antenna array 1000, digital beamforming can be further performed in different combination modes to achieve scanning of different regions. Compared with the traditional non-switchable reconfigurable antenna element 100, the reconfigurable antenna array 1000 composed of the aforementioned reconfigurable antenna element 100 can achieve scanning at a larger angle. In this embodiment, the four reconfigurable antenna elements 100 in the reconfigurable antenna array 1000 can complete the scanning of the approximately 180° hemispherical region directly opposite the reconfigurable antenna array 1000 under different modes.

[0137] N radiation directions and M polarization directions can be achieved by changing the number of reconfigurable antenna elements 100 in the reconfigurable antenna array 1000, where N and M are greater than or equal to 2.

[0138] By employing the above embodiments and using a PCB board containing multiple pattern reconfigurable antenna elements, each pattern reconfigurable antenna element has the ability to switch between radiation direction and polarization direction. The PCB board is connected to the reconfigurable antenna elements by PCB support pillars with the same number of dipoles as the reconfigurable antenna elements, forming a signal loop with a number of dipoles. These signal loops enable the reconfigurable antenna array to dynamically adjust its radiation direction and polarization direction according to requirements while maintaining a small size. It can achieve precise switching between radiation direction and polarization direction within a large scanning angle, thereby meeting the needs of different communication scenarios and further enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the reconfigurable antenna array.

[0139] This application also provides a method for switching radiation directions; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 11 , Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating the radiation direction switching method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0140] S1101, in response to the first switching command, identifies the radiation direction indicated by the first switching command.

[0141] S1102, the switch unit corresponding to the control radiation direction is in the on state.

[0142] The radiation directions are the aforementioned first, second, third, and fourth directions. The correspondence between the radiation directions and the switching units can be pre-set or set in real-time according to actual application requirements. For example, the correspondence between the radiation directions and the switching units is as described above. Figure 7 As shown, in other embodiments, the correspondence between the radiation direction and the switching unit may also be other examples, which are not specifically limited here.

[0143] By applying the above embodiments, in response to the first switching command, the radiation direction specified by the command is accurately identified, and the switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction is immediately controlled to enter the conduction state. This simplifies the complexity of the traditional radiation direction adjustment process, reduces the difficulty of operation, not only improves the flexibility and efficiency of radiation direction switching, but also ensures that the beam can radiate in the expected direction, thereby meeting the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0144] This application also provides a polarization direction switching method, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 12 , Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating the polarization direction switching method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0145] S1201, in response to the second switching command, identifies the polarization direction indicated by the second switching command.

[0146] S1202, the switching unit corresponding to the control polarization direction is in the on state.

[0147] The radiation direction refers to the aforementioned horizontal and vertical polarization. Similar to the correspondence between the radiation direction and the switching unit, the correspondence between the polarization direction and the switching unit can be preset or set in real time according to actual application requirements. For example, the correspondence between the polarization direction and the switching unit is shown in Table 1 above. In other embodiments, the correspondence between the polarization direction and the switching unit can also be other examples, which are not specifically limited here.

[0148] By applying the above embodiments, in response to the second switching command, the polarization direction specified by the command is accurately identified, and the switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction is immediately controlled to enter the conduction state. This simplifies the complexity of the traditional polarization direction adjustment process, reduces the difficulty of operation, and improves the flexibility and efficiency of polarization direction switching. It can polarize in the expected direction, thereby meeting the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0149] Corresponding to the aforementioned radiation direction switching method, this application also provides a radiation direction switching device, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 13 , Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the radiation direction switching device provided in the embodiments of this application includes:

[0150] The first response module 1301 is used to identify the radiation direction indicated by the first switching command in response to the first switching command.

[0151] The first switching module 1302 is used to control the switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction to be in the conducting state.

[0152] By applying the above embodiments, in response to the first switching command, the radiation direction specified by the command is accurately identified, and the switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction is immediately controlled to enter the conduction state. This simplifies the complexity of the traditional radiation direction adjustment process, reduces the difficulty of operation, not only improves the flexibility and efficiency of radiation direction switching, but also ensures that the beam can radiate in the expected direction, thereby meeting the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0153] Corresponding to the aforementioned polarization direction switching method, this application also provides a polarization direction switching device, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 14 , Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the polarization direction switching device provided in the embodiments of this application includes:

[0154] The second response module 1401 is used to identify the polarization direction indicated by the second switching command in response to the second switching command.

[0155] The second switching module 1402 is used to control the switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction to be in the on state.

[0156] By applying the above embodiments, in response to the second switching command, the polarization direction specified by the command is accurately identified, and the switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction is immediately controlled to enter the conduction state. This simplifies the complexity of the traditional polarization direction adjustment process, reduces the difficulty of operation, and improves the flexibility and efficiency of polarization direction switching. It can polarize in the expected direction, thereby meeting the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0157] This application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 15 As shown, it includes:

[0158] Memory 1501 is used to store computer programs;

[0159] When processor 1502 executes the program stored in memory 1501, it performs the following steps:

[0160] In response to a first switching command, the radiation direction indicated by the first switching command is identified;

[0161] The switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction is controlled to be in the ON state;

[0162] or,

[0163] In response to a second switching command, the polarization direction indicated by the second switching command is identified;

[0164] The switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction is controlled to be in the on state.

[0165] Furthermore, the aforementioned electronic device may also include a communication bus and / or a communication interface, with the processor 1502, the communication interface, and the memory 1501 communicating with each other via the communication bus.

[0166] The communication bus mentioned in the above electronic devices can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0167] The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned electronic devices and other devices.

[0168] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0169] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0170] In another embodiment provided in this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described radiation direction switching methods or polarization direction switching methods.

[0171] In another embodiment provided in this application, a computer program product containing instructions is also provided, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute any of the radiation direction switching methods or polarization direction switching methods in the above embodiments.

[0172] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a solid-state drive (SSD), etc.

[0173] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0174] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0175] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna element, characterized in that, The pattern reconfigurable antenna element includes a double-layer dielectric substrate, a coaxial feed line, a power supply, and a signal source. The double-layer dielectric substrate includes a first polarization layer, a dielectric layer, and a second polarization layer. The dielectric layer is located between the first polarization layer and the second polarization layer; The first polarization layer is provided with at least N parasitic units, N first parallel feed lines, N first poles of dipoles, and a feed port, where N is not less than 2, and the first poles are either positive or negative. Two parasitic units are provided for each first parallel feed line. The projection of each parasitic unit on the dipole direction of the first parallel feed line is located between the dipole and the feed port. One end of each first parallel feed line is connected to a first center end, and the other end is connected to the first pole of each dipole. The second polarization layer is provided with N second parallel feed lines, one end of each second parallel feed line is connected to the second center end, and the other end is connected to the second pole of each dipole, the second pole being the other of the positive pole and the negative pole; each first parallel feed line and / or each second parallel feed line is provided with a switching unit, and each switching unit is independently turned on; When the switching unit on each parallel feed line is in the ON state, the center end connected to the parallel feed line is connected to the pole of the connected dipole; when the switching unit on each parallel feed line is in the OFF state, the center end connected to the parallel feed line is disconnected from the pole of the connected dipole. The first center end is connected to one of the skin pole and the core pole of the coaxial feed line, and the second center end is connected to the other of the skin pole and the core pole of the coaxial feed line. The core pole and the skin pole of the coaxial feed line are connected to a signal source. Each of the aforementioned switch units is connected to a power source via a control line. The power source independently controls each of the aforementioned switch units to be in the conducting state or the blocking state via the control line.

2. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode is the negative electrode, and the unit further includes a first capacitor and a first inductor; The core of the coaxial feed line is electrically connected to the first connection point, one end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first connection point, and the other end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the signal source. One end of the first inductor is electrically connected to the first connection point, and the other end of the first inductor is grounded.

3. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of N is 4, and the number of parasitic units is 4; One end of each parasitic unit is connected to the first central end, and the included angle between any two adjacent parasitic units is equal to a preset angle, and the included angle between any two adjacent parallel feed lines is equal to the preset angle.

4. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of each of the parasitic units is connected to the first center end, and the angle between each of the parasitic units and the first parallel feed line is within a preset range.

5. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the parasitic unit for each of the first parallel feed lines projected onto the dipole direction on the first parallel feed line is greater than a preset length.

6. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit is a PIN diode; The power supply is electrically connected to the control electrode of each of the PIN diodes via the control line; the power supply is used to send a first voltage signal to the control electrode via the control line so that the switching unit is in one of the conducting state and the blocking state, and to send a second voltage signal to the control electrode so that the switching unit is in the other of the conducting state and the blocking state.

7. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control line is also equipped with a second inductor.

8. A polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna system, characterized in that, The pattern reconfigurable antenna system includes a PCB board, multiple PCB support pillars, and pattern reconfigurable antenna elements. The PCB board is provided with the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit, and the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit is the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-7; The PCB support pillars support the PCB board by connecting to the pattern reconfigurable antenna element, and the number of PCB support pillars is the same as the number of dipoles in the pattern reconfigurable antenna element.

9. The pattern-reconfigurable antenna system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The PCB support pillar includes a cavity; The PCB support pillar is connected to the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit through the cavity and control lines.

10. A method for switching radiation directions, characterized in that, The method includes: In response to a first switching command, the radiation direction indicated by the first switching command is identified; The switching unit corresponding to the radiation direction is controlled to be in the on state.

11. A polarization direction switching method, characterized in that, The method includes: In response to a second switching command, the polarization direction indicated by the second switching command is identified; The switching unit corresponding to the polarization direction is controlled to be in the on state.

12. A polarization-independent pattern-reconfigurable antenna array, characterized in that, The array includes a PCB board, multiple PCB support pillars, and multiple pattern reconfigurable antenna elements; The PCB board is provided with the plurality of pattern reconfigurable antenna elements, and the pattern reconfigurable antenna elements are any of the pattern reconfigurable antenna elements according to claims 1-7; Each of the PCB support pillars supports the PCB board by being connected to the pattern reconfigurable antenna element, and the number of the PCB support pillars is the same as the number of dipoles in the plurality of pattern reconfigurable antenna elements.

Images