A computer vision-based intelligent playing card dispensing device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on computer vision's intelligent playing card dispensing device and method.The device includes computer vision identification module, mechanical card turning mechanism, automatic shuffling mechanism, intelligent dispensing mechanism and man-machine interaction module.The computer vision identification module is automatically judged playing card front and back by camera and image processing algorithm;The mechanical card turning mechanism is turned into back up with face up playing card;The automatic shuffling mechanism adopts cut card type shuffling, supports fixed or random shuffling times;The intelligent dispensing mechanism is equipped with rotatable card outlet, and can be sequentially distributed to 2-6 players from the specified player in clockwise / anticlockwise direction;The device supports three sets of 162 playing cards at most.The application solves the problems of uncontrollable card face direction, insufficient shuffling randomness and inaccurate dispensing rule execution in manual dispensing, and realizes the full-process automation of playing card processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated entertainment equipment technology, specifically to an automated poker card processing device that integrates computer vision recognition, mechanical card flipping, automatic shuffling, and intelligent card dealing.

[0002] Poker games are widely used in home entertainment, card rooms, and professional competition venues. In traditional poker games, dealing and shuffling the cards are usually done manually, which presents the following technical problems.

[0003] First, when manually shuffling playing cards, it's difficult to guarantee that all cards are stacked face down. If face-up cards are mixed in, players may know some card information beforehand, severely undermining the fairness of the game. Currently, there is no integrated device for automatically detecting and correcting the orientation of playing cards; ensuring card orientation relies entirely on manual shuffling, which is inefficient and unreliable. Second, the randomness of manual shuffling highly depends on the operator's skill and experience; the shuffling quality varies significantly between different operators and at different times, lacking a quantifiable and reproducible mechanism to guarantee randomness. Especially in professional competitive scenarios, insufficient shuffling randomness may raise questions about the fairness of the competition. Existing automated shuffling equipment often uses fixed patterns, failing to balance randomness with players' control over the shuffling process. Third, manual dealing is susceptible to human intervention or operational errors when determining clockwise / counterclockwise direction, starting players, and the number of cards distributed per round, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy, consistency, and reproducibility of rule execution. Especially in complex scenarios involving multiple decks of cards and multiple players, the probability of errors when manually executing card dealing rules increases significantly. Finally, existing automated card dealing or shuffling equipment, such as casino shuffling machines and automatic mahjong machines, only have a single function of shuffling or dealing. They do not support dynamic configuration of the number of players, lack a rotating card dispenser to adapt to different seating orientations, and do not support the processing of multiple decks. More importantly, none of the aforementioned existing devices integrate card orientation recognition with card flipping operations, failing to form a complete automated production line from recognition, correction, shuffling to dealing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that in existing playing card processing methods, the uncontrollable card orientation leads to the risk of information leakage, the randomness of shuffling cannot be quantified, the execution of dealing rules relies on manual intervention and lacks consistency, and existing automated equipment has limited functionality and lacks the ability to integrate visual recognition and card-flipping correction, thus failing to achieve full-process automation. This invention aims to provide an integrated, intelligent, and flexibly configurable playing card dealing device and method to systematically solve the above problems.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer vision-based intelligent poker dealing device, characterized in that it comprises: A computer vision-based intelligent poker dealing device, characterized by a computer vision recognition module, a mechanical card flipping mechanism, an automatic card shuffling mechanism, an intelligent card dealing mechanism, and a human-computer interaction module; The computer vision recognition module is used to acquire images of playing cards and automatically determine the orientation of the cards.

[0006] The mechanical card-flipping mechanism is connected to the computer vision recognition module and is used to perform a flipping operation on the face-up playing cards according to the recognition result, so that all playing cards are stacked in the same direction.

[0007] The automatic shuffling mechanism is used to receive the playing cards after they have been flipped and to perform a mechanical shuffling operation.

[0008] The intelligent card dealing mechanism includes a rotatable card dispensing port, which is used to sequentially face the seats of different players under the drive of the driving mechanism to distribute the shuffled playing cards to each player.

[0009] The human-computer interaction module is used to receive the player's operation commands, configure game parameters, and display the working status of the device.

[0010] This invention also provides a computer vision-based intelligent poker card dealing method, characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Acquire images of the playing cards to be processed through the image acquisition unit; 2) Extract features from the acquired image and determine the orientation of the playing cards based on the extracted features; 3) When step 2) determines that the playing card is face up, control the mechanical card-flipping mechanism to flip the playing card so that all the playing cards are stacked in the same direction; 4) Perform a mechanical shuffling operation on the deck of cards that have been flipped, including cutting the deck from all card positions and then overlapping it in an alternating manner; 5) According to the preset card dealing rules, the shuffled playing cards are distributed to each player's position in sequence through the rotatable card dispensing port. The rotatable card dispensing port rotates and orients itself according to the current target player's seat direction before dispensing the cards.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) Ensure fairness: Through the closed-loop collaboration of computer vision recognition and mechanical card flipping, ensure that all playing cards are presented in the standard orientation of face down, fundamentally eliminating the risk of information asymmetry caused by the exposure of individual cards during the manual card arrangement process; 2) Randomness is controllable. The mechanical card-cutting shuffling method, combined with selectable random number of times and random cutting point offset mechanism, makes the randomness of the shuffling physically quantifiable, and players have clear choice and control over the degree of randomness. 3) Precise rule execution: All rules, such as clockwise / counterclockwise card dealing direction, initial player identity binding, and card distribution in each round, are automatically executed by the device controller, eliminating the possibility of human error and subjective intervention; 4) Flexible adaptability: The rotating card outlet can adapt to various seating layouts such as round, semi-circular, and L-shaped, and supports dynamic configuration of 2 to 6 players. It can also handle up to three decks of cards with a total of 162 cards, covering a full range of poker game scenarios from two-player battles to large-scale multiplayer multi-deck games. 5) The entire process is automated, with seamless integration of identification, card flipping, shuffling, and dealing, significantly reducing game preparation time and enhancing the overall entertainment experience. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the intelligent playing card dealing device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the computer vision recognition module. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of three sections of the guide rail torsion flipping mechanism; Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of a dual-roller differential speed clamping and flipping mechanism; Figure 5 A three-step breakdown diagram of a card-cutting shuffling mechanism; Figure 6 This is a two-view schematic diagram of a rotatable card dispensing mechanism; Figure 7 A frontal view of a human-computer interaction interface; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the device's operation. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. In this invention, the term "playing cards" refers to standard playing cards, including standard-sized cards (approximately 63mm × 88mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.25 to 0.32mm), containing number cards (A, 2 to 10) and face cards (J, Q, K), as well as the Jokers. The term "head" refers to the side printed with numbers, letters, and suit symbols, and "back" refers to the side printed with a uniform pattern.

[0014] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the computer vision recognition module of this invention automatically identifies the front and back of playing cards and is the core sensing and judgment unit of the entire device. This module includes an image acquisition unit (an industrial camera, shooting vertically downwards) installed directly above the playing card conveyor channel, a light source unit using a uniformly diffused LED light source array (arranged on both sides of the conveyor channel or in a ring around the camera to eliminate interference from card reflections), and an image processing unit (embedded processor) running the image recognition algorithm. The camera performs triggered vertical overhead shots of the playing cards conveyed one by one on the conveyor belt. The acquired raw images are sequentially processed through grayscale conversion, Gaussian filtering for noise reduction, edge detection, and perspective correction to extract the region of interest where the playing cards are located. Subsequently, three features are extracted from the region of interest image: the texture entropy value E calculated based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (low entropy value due to regular repetition of patterns on the back, and high entropy value due to the presence of characters and patterns on the front); the pixel value variance of the saturation channel in the HSV color space (small variance due to uniform color distribution on the back, and large variance due to clustering of red and black blocks on the front); and the character area ratio calculated through connected component analysis (ratio close to zero due to the absence of characters on the back, and significant character areas on the front). The image processing unit uses a conservative classification strategy based on the extracted three features: when the values ​​of at least two of the extracted features fall within the front threshold range (i.e., texture entropy value greater than 3.5, color distribution variance greater than 0.08, and character area ratio greater than 0.05), it is determined to be front-facing and a card-flipping operation is triggered; otherwise, it is determined to be back-facing and the image is directly allowed to pass. The advantage of this conservative classification strategy is that it is better to flip more cards (misjudging a few back cards as front cards, only performing one more harmless flipping operation) than to miss flipping (missing to flip a front card will lead to information exposure and damage the fairness of the game), which is a significant feature of this recognition algorithm.

[0015] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the mechanical card-flipping mechanism of the present invention performs a flipping operation on the face-up playing cards according to the recognition results output by the computer vision recognition module, ensuring that all cards are ultimately stacked in the standard orientation of face-down and back-up.

[0016] As a primary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, this invention provides a guide rail torsion card-flipping mechanism. The mechanism includes a conveying guide rail arranged along the direction of play card travel (Z-axis direction). The cross-section of the conveying guide rail continuously and uniformly twists from an initial angle (0° position, i.e., horizontal posture) at the inlet end along the travel direction until it reaches a flipping angle (180° position, i.e., horizontal flipping posture) at the outlet end. Specific structural parameters are as follows: the inner width (groove width) of the guide rail cross-section is 0.40 mm, adapting to a standard play card thickness of 0.30 mm, with a 0.10 mm gap; the inner height of the guide rail cross-section is 64 mm, adapting to a standard play card width of 63 mm, with a 0.5 mm side gap; the total length of the guide rail torsion zone is 150 mm; the torsion law is that the cross-section rotates uniformly around the Z-axis at a rotation rate of 1.2° / mm; the guide rail material is a low-friction coefficient engineering plastic, and the inner wall surface roughness Ra does not exceed 0.8 μm. During operation, the playing cards, processed in the previous step, enter the guide rail entrance along the conveyor belt. At this point, the cards are constrained to a horizontal position by the inner wall of the guide rail, with a cross-sectional angle of 0°. As the conveyor belt continues to push, in the 0-50mm section, the guide rail cross-section rotates from 0° to 60°, and the leading edge of the card begins to break free from the purely horizontal constraint, with the upper wall of the guide rail applying a downward torsional force. In the 50-100mm section, the guide rail cross-section rotates from 60° to 120°, and the central area of ​​the card experiences the greatest torsional moment, causing a noticeable tilt. In the 100-150mm section, the guide rail cross-section rotates from 120° to 180°, and the main body of the card completes the flipping and returns to a horizontal position. After exiting the guide rail exit, the cards continue to be conveyed to the next module with their backs facing upwards. It is important to emphasize that during the movement of the playing cards within the torsional guide rail, no independent clamping mechanism or additional power source is required; the flipping is passively completed solely by the original propulsive force of the conveyor belt and the geometric constraint of the guide rail. The gap between the inner wall of the guide rail and the playing card face should be between 0.08 and 0.15 mm, and the total length of the torsion zone should be between 120 and 180 mm. The specific value can be adapted according to the thickness and stiffness of the playing card.

[0017] As an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 4As shown, the present invention also provides a dual-roller differential speed clamping and flipping mechanism. This mechanism includes two sets of friction rollers (an upper roller set and a lower roller set), which clamp the two sides of the playing card respectively. The upper roller set operates at a higher linear speed, while the lower roller set operates at a lower linear speed. The difference in linear speed between the two sets of rollers generates torque around the travel axis in the plane of the playing card, driving the playing card to complete a 180° flip around the travel axis as it passes through the roller area. For example, for a standard playing card (0.30mm thick, medium stiffness), with the upper roller linear speed set to 0.30m / s and the lower roller linear speed set to 0.15m / s, and the speed difference at 50%, the playing card can complete a 180° flip within a 120mm length of roller area; for a thicker playing card (0.35mm thick, higher stiffness), with the upper roller linear speed adjusted to 0.25m / s and the lower roller linear speed adjusted to 0.10m / s, and the speed difference at 60%, the flip can be completed within the same area. The flipping torque can be continuously adjusted via PWM speed control or mechanical speed change to accommodate playing cards of varying thicknesses and stiffness. This alternative embodiment is particularly suitable for special playing card scenarios where the card face material is thicker or has higher stiffness.

[0018] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the automatic shuffling mechanism of this invention is a card-cutting shuffling mechanism that performs mechanical shuffling on playing cards stacked in a uniform direction after being flipped. The mechanism includes a card-cutting blade, an upper stacking plate, a lower stacking plate, and a stacking mechanism. The operation process of one shuffling cycle is as follows: Based on the current total thickness of the card pile, the controller introduces a random offset (within ±15% of the pile thickness) at the geometric center of the pile to determine the cutting point position for this shuffling. The card-cutting blade then inserts horizontally into the pile at the cutting point position, dividing the pile into upper and lower stacks. Subsequently, the stacking mechanism drives the upper and lower stacking plates to move relative to each other, arranging the cards in the upper and lower stacks one by one or in small stacks in an alternating manner. The cutting point position for each shuffling cycle generates a random offset independently, and they are unrelated to each other. The automatic shuffling mechanism supports two operating modes: a fixed number of shuffles and a random number of shuffles. In fixed number mode, players manually select 2, 3, or 4 shuffles via the human-computer interaction module, and the device executes the specified number of shuffles precisely. In random number mode, the controller randomly selects a number from a preset set of 2, 3, or 4 shuffles before execution; the selection process is unpredictable for all players. The deck buffer of the automatic shuffling mechanism is designed to hold up to three standard decks of playing cards (including the Jokers, totaling 162 cards). The deck buffer is equipped with an adjustable mechanical baffle, the position of which can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual number of decks of playing cards used.

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, the intelligent card dealing mechanism of the present invention includes a card stack distribution unit, a rotatable card dispensing port, and a rotation drive mechanism. The card stack distribution unit is used to evenly divide the entire deck of cards, after being mixed by the automatic shuffling mechanism, into several stacks according to the number of players and corresponding rules, with each stack corresponding to one player participating in the game. The rotatable card dispensing port is the only outlet for dealing cards, installed on a rotating base. The dispensing port has a card-dispensing friction wheel inside, used to push out the currently aligned stack of cards one by one or the entire stack. The rotation drive mechanism includes a stepper motor (or servo motor), a transmission gear set, and an angle sensor. The stepper motor drives the rotating base to rotate around a vertical axis through the transmission gear set, causing the card dispensing port to change orientation within a 360° range. The angle sensor provides real-time feedback of the current rotation angle, and the controller performs closed-loop control based on the feedback signal to ensure the orientation accuracy of the card dispensing port, with an angle positioning error not exceeding ±2°. During card dealing, the controller determines the dealing rules based on the configuration parameters received by the human-computer interaction module: the starting player is determined by the player who presses the corresponding seat's dealing button; the dealing direction is clockwise or counterclockwise; and the dealing order starts from the starting player and proceeds sequentially to the subsequent players in the selected direction. The number of players can be dynamically configured from 2 to 6, and the card stacking logic adjusts dynamically according to the number of players. The card outlet rotates sequentially to the direction of each player's seat and pushes out the corresponding card stack until all players have received their corresponding card stacks, after which it returns to the initial position, and the human-computer interaction module indicates that the dealing is complete. The device supports the mixed processing of up to three decks of cards, totaling 162 cards.

[0020] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the human-computer interaction module of this invention includes a touch screen and multiple physical buttons. The touch screen is installed on the top or front panel of the device casing, using a TFT-LCD or OLED panel, and displays the current working status of the device in real time (including six states: standby, identification, card flipping, shuffling, dealing, and completion) and a graphical operation menu. Configurable operation items include: number of shuffles (fixed 2, 3, 4 times or random), dealing direction (clockwise or counterclockwise), number of players (2 to 6), and number of decks (1 to 3). The physical buttons include multiple player dealing buttons and a shuffle start button: each player's seat corresponds to an independent dealing button, which sends a signal of the player number corresponding to that seat to the controller to determine the starting player's identity; the shuffle start button is located on the main control panel of the device, allowing any player to trigger an independent shuffling process.

[0021] The invention also includes a controller, which is connected to the computer vision recognition module, the mechanical card-flipping mechanism, the automatic card-shuffling mechanism, the intelligent card-dealing mechanism, and the human-computer interaction module. The controller receives input from various sensors (including image processing results from the computer vision recognition module, position detection sensors, button signals, etc.) and outputs control commands to each actuator (card-flipping drive, card-shuffling motor, card-dispensing rotary motor, card-dealing wheel, etc.) according to a preset program. The controller is used to control the mechanical card-flipping mechanism to selectively perform flipping operations based on the recognition results output by the computer vision recognition module, and to coordinate the timing of the automatic card-shuffling mechanism and the intelligent card-dealing mechanism, realizing a complete automated production line from card recognition, direction correction, shuffling to intelligent card dealing.

[0022] like Figure 8As shown, the following describes the complete workflow of this invention using a standard home entertainment scenario (4 players, a deck of 54 cards, 3 shuffles, and clockwise dealing) as an example. First, step S801 is executed: After the device is powered on, the controller completes a self-test, and the touchscreen displays a standby screen. Any player can configure game parameters via the touchscreen (4 players, 1 deck of cards, a fixed 3 shuffles, and clockwise dealing). The configured parameters are stored in the controller's memory. Then, a standard deck of cards is placed into the device's card inlet in any orientation (face up or a mix of face down). The inlet sensor detects the cards are in place and automatically starts the conveyor belt. Next, step S802 is executed: The cards pass one by one along the conveyor channel through the computer vision recognition module's camera station. The camera takes a vertical overhead shot of the card, and the original image is transmitted to the image processing unit to extract three features: texture entropy value, color distribution variance, and character area ratio, for face-up / face-down determination. Step S803: When at least two of the three features fall within the front threshold range, the card is determined to be face up, and step S804 is executed, triggering the card-flipping mechanism to flip the card 180°; otherwise, it is determined to be face down, and step S805 is executed, allowing direct transmission. Step S806: After all 54 cards have been identified and flipped, all cards enter the card pile buffer area in the same face-down direction. Step S807: The player selects shuffling parameters (fixed 3 times) via the touchscreen. Step S808: The controller starts the card-cutting automatic shuffling mechanism according to the configuration parameters. Each shuffle generates a different random cutting point offset. After three alternating stackings at different cutting point positions, the arrangement of the 54 cards is fully mixed. Step S809: The player selects the dealing direction (clockwise) and presses the corresponding dealing button to determine the starting player. Step S810: The device divides the mixed card pile into 4 stacks evenly according to the number of players. Step S811: The controller drives the stepper motor to orient the rotatable card dispensing port towards the starting player's seat. Step S812: The card-dispensing friction wheel pushes the corresponding card stack out of the dispensing port. Step S813: The controller determines whether cards have been dealt to all players. If not, proceed to step S814, rotate the card dispensing port to the next player's direction according to the selected direction, and return to step S812 to continue dealing cards; if yes, proceed to step S815, the card dispensing port returns to the default orientation, the touch screen displays a message indicating that the dealing is complete, and the device enters standby mode.

[0023] Similarly, for competitive game scenarios (6 players, three decks of cards totaling 162 cards, random shuffling), the device completes all automated processing using the same procedure. Compared to manual operation (which takes approximately 5 to 8 minutes for sorting, shuffling, and dealing a single deck, and approximately 10 to 15 minutes for three decks), this invention can significantly reduce game preparation time, thereby greatly improving efficiency and entertainment experience.

Claims

1. A computer vision-based intelligent poker card dealing device, characterized in that, include: 1) Computer vision recognition module, used to acquire images of playing cards and automatically determine the orientation of the cards; 2) A mechanical card-flipping mechanism, which is connected to the computer vision recognition module, is used to perform a flipping operation on the face-up playing cards according to the recognition result, so that all playing cards are stacked in the same direction; 3) Automatic shuffling mechanism, used to receive the playing cards after they have been flipped and to perform mechanical shuffling operations; 4) Intelligent card dealing mechanism, including a rotatable card dispensing port, which is used to sequentially face the seats of different players under the drive of the driving mechanism to distribute the shuffled playing cards to each player; 5) Human-computer interaction module, used to receive player operation commands, configure game parameters, and display the device's working status.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1) includes: 1-1) Image acquisition unit, installed directly above the playing card conveyor channel, is used to take vertical overhead photos of each passing playing card; 1-2) The light source unit adopts a uniform diffused light source to eliminate the interference of reflection on the card surface; 1-3) Image processing unit, used to run image recognition algorithm, extract three features of playing card image: texture entropy value, color distribution variance and character area ratio, and determine the front and back orientation of playing card based on the extracted features.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical card-flipping mechanism is one of the following: 1) A guide rail twisting and flipping mechanism includes a section of conveying guide rail set along the direction of travel of the playing cards. The cross section of the conveying guide rail is continuously twisted 180° from the inlet to the outlet. The gap between the inner wall of the guide rail and the playing card surface is 0.08-0.15mm. The length of the twisting zone is 120-180mm. The playing cards are passively flipped during travel. 2) The dual-roller differential clamping and flipping mechanism includes two sets of friction rollers that operate at different speeds and generate torque through the difference in linear speed to drive the flipping.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic shuffling mechanism is a card-cutting shuffling mechanism. Each time the cards are shuffled, the deck is cut from the cut point, divided into two piles, and then the two piles are overlapped to complete one shuffling operation. The cut position introduces a random offset during each shuffle, and the variable range of the random offset relative to the geometric center of the deck is dynamically determined based on the deck thickness.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The automatic shuffling mechanism supports both a fixed number of shuffles mode and a random number of shuffles mode. 1) In the fixed number of shuffles mode, players can choose to shuffle 2, 3, or 4 times; 2) In random number mode, the device randomly selects the number of shuffles within a preset range; The automatic shuffling mechanism supports the mixing of up to three decks of cards, totaling 162 cards, and the deck capacity can be adaptively adjusted according to the number of decks used.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotatable card dispenser is driven by a stepper motor or servo motor, enabling precise directional rotation within a 360° range, with an angular positioning error not exceeding ±2°. The intelligent card dealing mechanism supports both clockwise and counterclockwise card dealing directions. The starting player is determined by the player who presses the card dealing button. The device supports 2 to 6 players, and the card dealing direction and the number of players are configured through the human-computer interaction module.

7. A computer vision-based intelligent poker card dealing method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Acquire images of the playing cards to be processed through the image acquisition unit; 2) Extract features from the acquired image and determine the orientation of the playing cards based on the extracted features; 3) When step 2) determines that the playing card is face up, control the mechanical card-flipping mechanism to flip the playing card so that all the playing cards are stacked in the same direction; 4) Perform a mechanical shuffling operation on the deck of cards that have been flipped, including cutting the deck from all card positions and then overlapping them in an alternating manner; 5) According to the preset card dealing rules, the rules include: the card dealing direction is clockwise or counterclockwise, the starting player is determined by the player who presses the card dealing button, the number of players is 2 to 6, and the cards are dealt to the subsequent players in the selected direction starting from the starting player; the shuffled playing cards are dealt to each player in sequence through the rotatable card dispensing port, and the rotatable card dispensing port rotates and orients according to the current target player's seat direction before dispensing the cards.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The feature extraction described in step 2) includes: calculating the texture entropy value, color distribution variance, and character area ratio of the playing card image; when the values ​​of at least two of the three features fall within the front threshold range, it is determined to be front-facing.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mechanical card-flipping mechanism mentioned in step 3) is one of the following: The guide rail torsion flipping mechanism allows the playing cards to be flipped while moving by passively following the continuous torsion of the guide rail section from 0° to 180°. The dual-roller differential clamping and flipping mechanism generates torque to drive the flipping by the speed difference between the upper and lower sets of friction rollers.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cutting position of the mechanical shuffling operation described in step S4) introduces a random offset each time the cards are shuffled; and step S4 also includes: receiving the shuffling mode selected by the player, if the fixed number mode is selected, the shuffling is performed the number of times specified by the player, if the random number mode is selected, the device randomly selects the number of times within a preset range and then performs the shuffling.

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