Strawberry whole growth period segmented special fertilizer and fertilization method

Abstract

The application discloses a segmented special fertilizer for strawberries in the whole growth period, which is composed of base fertilizer special fertilizer, slow-recovery period special fertilizer, growth period special fertilizer, flowering period special fertilizer, fruit swelling period special fertilizer and post-harvest recovery period special fertilizer. The application also discloses a fertilization method of the segmented special fertilizer for strawberries in the whole growth period. The segmented special fertilizer for strawberries in the whole growth period is suitable for the nutrient requirement of strawberries in different growth stages, can improve the yield and quality of strawberries, avoids problems such as root burning and abnormal fruits, and realizes the effects of sufficient base fertilizer, fast slow recovery, strong flower bud, stable flowering period, good fruit swelling and fast post-harvest recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a segmented fertilizer and fertilization method for strawberries throughout their entire growth period, belonging to the field of strawberry cultivation fertilization technology. Background Technology

[0002] Strawberries are perennial herbaceous berry crops with a short growth cycle, high yield, and concentrated nutrient requirements. Their needs for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients vary significantly across different growth stages (basal fertilizer application, seedling establishment, flowering, and fruit expansion). Currently, strawberry cultivation suffers from widespread problems of indiscriminate fertilization, single-formula application, and failure to consider different growth stages. Most growers use general-purpose compound fertilizers throughout the entire growth period, leading to insufficient nutrients during the basal fertilizer application stage and excessive nitrogen and potassium during the fruit expansion stage. This can easily result in root burn, excessive vegetative growth, poor flower bud differentiation, deformed fruit, hollow and soft fruit, and low sweetness. Furthermore, existing strawberry fertilizers often fail to consider soil pH regulation and the synergistic supply of micronutrients, and ignore the strawberry's sensitivity to chlorine. Long-term application can easily cause soil compaction and a decline in strawberry quality, failing to meet the needs of large-scale, high-quality strawberry cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a segmented special fertilizer for strawberries throughout their entire growth period and a fertilization method that is adapted to the nutrient requirements of strawberries at different growth stages, can improve strawberry yield and quality, and avoid problems such as root burn and deformed fruit, achieving the effects of "sufficient base fertilizer, rapid seedling establishment, strong flower buds, stable flowering period, good fruit expansion, and rapid post-harvest recovery".

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A special fertilizer for strawberries that is applied in stages throughout the entire growth period consists of fertilizers for the base fertilizer stage, fertilizers for the seedling establishment stage, fertilizers for the growth stage, fertilizers for the flowering stage, fertilizers for the fruit expansion stage, and fertilizers for the post-harvest rejuvenation stage.

[0006] The special fertilizer for the basal fertilizer period consists of the following components, calculated per acre: 2.5–5.5 tons of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, 35–55 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 45–55 kg of Bacillus bio-fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (15–18):(15–18):(15–18). Purpose: To meet the balanced nutrient supply requirements during the basal fertilizer period.

[0007] Alternatively: 1.5-3.5 tons of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, 45-55 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20-30 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of boron and zinc micronutrient fertilizer (applied according to the product instructions); the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (15-18):(15-18):(15-18).

[0008] The special fertilizer for the seedling establishment period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 4-9 kg of rooting fertilizer and 4-6 kg of low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; the rooting fertilizer is a humic acid or amino acid-based rooting fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is (8-12):(28-32):(18-22), which can promote root growth and seedling establishment; ② Foliar spraying fertilizer: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Core objective: to promote strawberry root germination, accelerate seedling establishment, improve the survival rate of transplanted plants, and prevent wilting and yellowing leaves during the seedling establishment period.

[0009] The aforementioned special fertilizer for the growing season consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: Balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or high-phosphorus potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 4–16 kg; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (14–16):(14–16):(14–16); the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is (10–14):(16–20):(14–16); ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of chelated calcium (applied according to the product instructions), appropriate amount of boron fertilizer (applied according to the product instructions). Core objective: To promote robust growth of strawberry plants, promote normal flower bud differentiation, avoid yellowing leaves and weak seedlings, and lay the foundation for subsequent flowering and fruiting.

[0010] The fertilizer specifically for the flowering period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 13-17 kg of high-phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is (8-12):(38-42):(13-17) or (8-12):(28-32):(18-22); meeting the phosphorus and potassium requirements during the flowering period and promoting pollen tube elongation; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron fertilizer (applied according to the product instructions). Core objective: to promote normal flowering of strawberries, increase fruit set rate, prevent deformed fruit, and ensure a stable supply of nutrients during the flowering period.

[0011] The aforementioned special fertilizer for the fruit expansion period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 9-16 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is (10-14):(6-10):(28-32) or (10-14):(4-8):(38-42), strictly controlling the nitrogen content to avoid excessive vegetative growth, and focusing on supplementing potassium; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and appropriate amount of chelated calcium or calcium-magnesium-boron micronutrient fertilizer (applied according to the product instructions). Core purpose: to promote fruit expansion, improve fruit sweetness and firmness, prevent hollow, soft, and cracked fruits, and improve strawberry quality. It can be used in conjunction with 0.2% natural brassinolide.

[0012] The post-harvest rejuvenation fertilizer consists of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 13-17 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (14-16):(14-16):(14-16). Core objective: To replenish plant nutrients, promote plant recovery and growth, reserve nutrients for the next fruiting cycle, and extend the fruiting period.

[0013] The application method of the segmented special fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries includes the following:

[0014] The application method for the special fertilizer for the base fertilizer period is as follows: After mixing all the base fertilizers evenly, spread them on the strawberry cultivation plot, plow to a depth of 20-30 cm to ensure that the fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil, level the plot, and wait for planting. Before application, ensure that the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed to avoid burning the roots with raw fertilizer. An appropriate amount of soil conditioner can be added to adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5.

[0015] The application method for the special fertilizer for the seedling establishment period is as follows: 7-15 days after transplanting, apply root fertilization and foliar spray fertilizer. Specifically, prepare a 0.15%-0.25% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray it once or twice (7 days apart) to promote dark green leaves and accelerate seedling establishment. An appropriate amount of plant growth regulator can be added.

[0016] The application method for the special fertilizer for the growing season is as follows: About one month after transplanting, before flower bud differentiation, apply root fertigation and foliar spraying. Specifically, dilute chelated calcium 1800–2200 times to prepare a solution, and prepare a boron fertilizer solution with a mass concentration of 0.08%–0.12%. Spray once or twice (7 days apart) to prevent yellowing of leaves and promote flower bud differentiation. An appropriate amount of plant growth regulator can be added.

[0017] The application method for the flowering-specific fertilizer is as follows: From bud formation to full bloom, apply root fertilization and foliar spraying. Specifically, prepare a 0.18%–0.22% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a 0.08%–0.12% solution of boron fertilizer, spraying 2 or 3 times (7-day intervals) to improve fruit set and prevent deformed fruit. It can be used in conjunction with natural brassinolide regulators.

[0018] The application method for the special fertilizer for the fruit expansion period is as follows: During the core growth period from fruit expansion to maturity, apply root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. Among them, high potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied at a rate of 9-16 kg / mu; potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.28%-0.32%; chelated calcium is diluted 1800-2200 times to prepare a solution; and calcium, magnesium, and boron micronutrient fertilizer is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.08%-0.12%. Spray once every 7-10 days to improve the sweetness and firmness of the fruit and prevent hollow and soft fruit.

[0019] The application method for the special fertilizer for post-harvest rejuvenation is as follows: after each harvest of fruit, apply the fertilizer evenly and then water to promote the recovery of the plant's root system and the sprouting of new shoots, thereby restoring the tree's vigor.

[0020] The application of the segmented special fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries in strawberry cultivation, and its application as or in the preparation of special fertilizers for strawberries.

[0021] The core of this invention is a segmented fertilizer specifically formulated for the entire growth cycle of strawberries. It designs a segmented fertilizer formula based on the nutrient requirements of strawberries at different growth stages, clearly defining the nutrient types, ratios, and application methods for each stage, while also defining key fertilization principles for strawberry cultivation. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Segmented adaptation to strawberry needs: Based on the differences in nutrient requirements of strawberries at different growth stages, this invention designs targeted formulas, with heavy application of organic fertilizer and balanced nutrients during the base fertilizer period, root regeneration during the seedling recovery period, flower buds during the growth period, stable flowering during the flowering period, potassium and calcium supplementation during the fruit expansion period, and repeated strengthening after harvest. This completely solves the various problems caused by the existing technology of not applying fertilizer in stages, and significantly improves the survival rate, fruit setting rate and fruit quality of strawberries.

[0023] (2) Avoiding fertilization pitfalls: Clearly define the chlorine-sensitive characteristics of strawberries, use potassium sulfate fertilizer throughout the process, prohibit the application of raw fertilizer, effectively avoid problems such as root burn, soil compaction, deformed fruit, hollow and soft fruit, and adapt to large-scale strawberry cultivation.

[0024] (3) High practicality and wide adaptability: The embodiments of the present invention provide two base fertilizer schemes, which can be selected according to the planting cost requirements. All fertilizers are conventional agricultural raw materials that are readily available. The application methods are simple (drip irrigation, fertigation, foliar spraying), no special equipment is required, and they are suitable for different scales of strawberry planting scenarios, making them easy to promote and apply. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already available in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already available in the prior art.

[0027] Example 1: Specialized fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries (high-yield and high-quality type)

[0028] It consists of fertilizers specifically formulated for the base fertilizer period, seedling establishment period, growth period, flowering period, fruit expansion period, and post-harvest rejuvenation period.

[0029] The special fertilizer for the base fertilizer period consists of the following components, calculated per acre: 3 tons of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer, 42 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 48 kg of Bacillus subtilis bio-fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 16:16:16. Application method: After mixing all the base fertilizers evenly, spread them on the strawberry cultivation plot, plow to a depth of 30 cm to ensure the fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil, level the plot, and wait for planting; a suitable amount of soil conditioner can be added to adjust the pH to 6.0.

[0030] The seedling-specific fertilizer consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 6 kg of amino acid rooting fertilizer and 5 kg of low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10:30:20; ② Foliar spraying fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Application method: 7–15 days after transplanting, apply both root fertigation and foliar spraying fertilizer. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be prepared to a 0.2% concentration and sprayed once.

[0031] The aforementioned special fertilizer for the growing season consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 6 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of chelated calcium (applied according to the product instructions), appropriate amount of borax (applied according to the product instructions). Application method: Approximately one month after transplanting, before flower bud differentiation, apply both root fertigation and foliar spraying. The chelated calcium is diluted 2000 times to prepare a solution, and the borax is prepared into a 0.1% (w / w) solution, sprayed once.

[0032] The flowering-specific fertilizer consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 15 kg of high-phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10:40:15; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax (apply according to the product instructions). Application method: From bud formation to full bloom, apply both root fertigation and foliar spraying. Prepare a 0.2% (w / w) solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a 0.1% (w / w) solution of borax, spraying three times (7 days apart). It can be used in conjunction with 0.2% natural brassinolide.

[0033] The fertilizer specifically formulated for the fruit expansion period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 12 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, applied once a week; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 12:8:30; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and appropriate amount of chelated calcium or calcium-magnesium-boron micronutrient fertilizer (applied according to the product instructions). Core objective: To promote fruit expansion, improve fruit sweetness and firmness, prevent hollow, soft, and cracked fruits, and enhance strawberry quality. Fertilization method: During the core growth period from fruit expansion to maturity, apply root fertigation and foliar spraying, including 12 kg / acre of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; prepare a 0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a 200-fold diluted solution of chelated calcium, spraying once every 10 days. It can be used in conjunction with 0.2% natural brassinolide.

[0034] The post-harvest rejuvenation fertilizer consists of the following base fertilizer, calculated per acre: 15 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 15:15:15. Application method: Apply evenly after each harvest and then water.

[0035] Results: The survival rate of strawberry seedlings was over 98%, the recovery time was greatly shortened, flower bud differentiation was uniform, the fruit setting rate was over 90%, the rate of deformed fruit was less than 3%, the fruit was free of hollow centers, had moderate firmness, and the sweetness was increased by 1-2 degrees compared with conventional fertilization.

[0036] Example 2: Segmented Special Fertilizer for the Entire Growth Cycle of Strawberries (Low-Cost Type)

[0037] It consists of fertilizers specifically formulated for the base fertilizer period, seedling establishment period, growth period, flowering period, fruit expansion period, and post-harvest rejuvenation period.

[0038] The special fertilizer for the base fertilizer period consists of the following components, calculated per acre: 2.5 tons of well-rotted cow manure organic fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 26 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of boron-zinc fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 17:17:17. Application method: After mixing all the base fertilizers evenly, spread them on the strawberry cultivation plot, plow to a depth of 25 cm to ensure the fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil, level the plot, and wait for planting; a suitable amount of soil conditioner can be added to adjust the pH to 5.8.

[0039] The seedling-specific fertilizer consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 5 kg of humic acid rooting fertilizer and 5 kg of low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10:30:20; ② Foliar spraying fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Application method: 7–15 days after transplanting, apply both root fertigation and foliar spraying fertilizer. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be prepared to a 0.2% concentration and sprayed once.

[0040] The aforementioned special fertilizer for the growing season consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 14 kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 12:18:15; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of chelated calcium (applied according to the product instructions), appropriate amount of borax (applied according to the product instructions). Application method: Approximately one month after transplanting, before flower bud differentiation, apply both root fertigation and foliar spraying. The chelated calcium is diluted 2000 times to prepare a solution, and the borax is prepared into a 0.1% (w / w) solution, sprayed once.

[0041] The flowering-specific fertilizer consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 15 kg of high-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10:30:20; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amounts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax (apply according to the product instructions). Application method: From bud formation to full bloom, apply both root fertigation and foliar spraying. Prepare a 0.2% (w / w) solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a 0.1% (w / w) solution of borax, spraying twice (7 days apart). It can be used in conjunction with 0.2% natural brassinolide.

[0042] The aforementioned fertilizer for the fruit expansion period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 11 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 12:6:40; ② Foliar spraying: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and appropriate amount of chelated calcium or calcium-magnesium-boron micronutrient fertilizer (apply according to the product instructions). Core objective: To promote fruit expansion, improve fruit sweetness and firmness, prevent hollow, soft, and cracked fruits, and enhance strawberry quality. Fertilization method: During the core growth period from fruit expansion to maturity, apply root fertigation and foliar spraying, including 12 kg / acre of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; prepare a 0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a 200-fold diluted solution of chelated calcium, spraying once every 7 days. It can be used in conjunction with 0.2% natural brassinolide.

[0043] The post-harvest rejuvenation fertilizer consists of the following base fertilizer, calculated per acre: 14 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of well-rotted cow manure organic fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 15:15:15. Application method: Apply evenly after each harvest and then water.

[0044] Results: Strawberry transplant survival rate was over 95%, seedling establishment was normal, flower bud differentiation was good, fruit set rate was over 85%, deformed fruit rate was less than 5%, fruit had no hollow center, sweetness met market demand, and fertilization costs were reduced by 10% to 15% compared to conventional fertilization.

[0045] Application Example: Comparative Experiment Record of Segmented Fertilization Throughout the Strawberry Growth Cycle (Plots A and B)

[0046] 1. Basic Information about the Experiment

[0047] Experiment location: Strawberry planting base in Yingkou area, Liaoning Province.

[0048] Experiment period: the entire growth period of strawberries (from planting to harvest).

[0049] Experimental plots: Plot A (implementing a segmented special fertilizer program, high-yield and high-quality type, i.e., the fertilization program of Example 1), Plot B (conventional non-segmented fertilization, using general-purpose balanced compound fertilizer throughout the process).

[0050] Experimental varieties: Main strawberry varieties.

[0051] Soil conditions: loam, pH 5.8–6.2, moderate fertility, plots of the same size and water and fertilizer management, only the fertilization plan is different.

[0052] 2. Test Treatment Plan

[0053] (1) Plot A (segmented special fertilizer treatment)

[0054] Base fertilizer period: Apply 3 tons of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer, 42 kg of 16-16-16 potassium sulfate balanced compound fertilizer and 48 kg of Bacillus subtilis fertilizer per mu. After spreading evenly, plow to a depth of 30 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.0 before transplanting.

[0055] Seedling establishment period: On the 7th day after transplanting, apply 6 kg / mu of amino acid rooting fertilizer and 5 kg / mu of 10-30-20 low nitrogen and high phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; spray the leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once.

[0056] Growing period: Apply 6 kg / mu of 15-15-15 balanced compound fertilizer to the roots one month after transplanting; spray the leaves with 2000 times diluted chelated calcium solution + 0.1% borax solution once.

[0057] Flowering period: Apply 15 kg / mu of 10-40-15 high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the roots during the budding stage; spray the leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% boron fertilizer once every 7 days for 3 consecutive times.

[0058] Fruit enlargement period: Apply 12 kg / mu of 12-8-30 high potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the roots every week during the fruit enlargement period; spray the leaves with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + chelated calcium fertilizer once every 10 days.

[0059] Post-harvest rejuvenation period: After each harvest, apply 15 kg / mu of 15-15-15 balanced compound fertilizer to the roots, along with a small amount of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer.

[0060] (2) Plot B (conventional fertilization treatment)

[0061] Base fertilizer period: Apply 2 tons of ordinary organic fertilizer and 40 kg of 15-15-15 general compound fertilizer per mu, mix them and plow to a depth of 25 cm, without adjusting the soil pH.

[0062] During the seedling establishment period: Water only with plain water, do not apply rooting fertilizer, and spray the leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once.

[0063] From the growing season to the fruit expansion period: Apply 10 kg / mu of 15-15-15 general-purpose compound fertilizer every 15 days throughout the entire process, regardless of the growth stage, and do not supplement with additional micronutrients.

[0064] Postharvest recovery period: No additional fertilizer is needed; allow for natural recovery.

[0065] 3. Comparison of Experimental Results and Data

[0066] (1) Growth and development

[0067] Plot A: Strawberry seedlings recover quickly after transplanting, turning green and surviving in 7-10 days, with a survival rate of 98.2%; the plants are vigorous, with dark green leaves and well-developed root systems, and there are no yellow leaves or weak seedlings; the flower buds differentiate evenly and are full, and flowering is early and concentrated.

[0068] Plot B: The seedlings took a long time to recover, gradually turning green after 12 to 15 days, with a survival rate of only 91.5%; the plants were weak, with light-colored leaves and few and short roots, and a small number of yellow leaves appeared within 20 days after transplanting; the flower buds were unevenly differentiated, with a small number of flower buds, delayed flowering, and scattered flowering period.

[0069] (2) Fruit setting and fruit quality

[0070] Plot A: Fruit setting rate reached 92.3%, with a deformed fruit rate of only 2.8%; the fruit was uniform in size, well-shaped, and brightly colored, with no hollow or soft fruit; the fruit had moderate firmness, a soluble solids content of 12.8%, and high sweetness and good taste.

[0071] Plot B: The fruit setting rate was only 81.7%, and the rate of deformed fruit reached 11.6%; the fruit size was uneven, there were many deformed fruits, and some fruits were hollow and soft; the peel color was light and the hardness was low, the soluble solids content was 10.5%, the sweetness was insufficient, and the flavor was bland.

[0072] (3) Production performance

[0073] Plot A: The average number of fruits per plant is 18.6, with an average fruit weight of 24.2 g, which translates to a yield of 3265 kg per mu.

[0074] Plot B: The average number of fruits per plant is 12.9, with an average fruit weight of 20.5 g, which translates to a yield of 2180 kg per mu.

[0075] Plot A yielded 1085 kg more per mu than Plot B, representing an increase of 49.8%.

[0076] (4) Soil and plant health

[0077] Plot A: The soil is loose and free from compaction, with a stable pH between 5.9 and 6.3; the plants show no obvious signs of nutrient deficiency, exhibit strong disease resistance, and have a disease incidence rate of less than 3%.

[0078] Plot B: The soil showed slight compaction, and the pH dropped to 5.2-5.4; the plants showed symptoms of calcium and boron deficiency in the middle and late stages, the leaf edges were scorched, and the disease incidence rate reached 12.5%.

[0079] 4. Conclusion

[0080] The experimental results show that, compared with conventional non-segmented fertilization (Plot B), the use of a segmented fertilizer formula for the entire strawberry growth period (Plot A) significantly improves the survival rate of strawberry seedlings, promotes flower bud differentiation, increases fruit set rate, and reduces the rate of deformed fruit. It also significantly improves fruit quality, increases yield, maintains soil health, and enhances plant disease resistance. This segmented fertilization technology is highly effective and practical, making it suitable for widespread application in strawberry production in Yingkou and surrounding areas.

[0081] The above embodiments are provided to those skilled in the art to fully disclose and describe how the claimed implementations can be carried out and used, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications that will be obvious to those skilled in the art will be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for strawberries, formulated for the entire growth period in stages, characterized in that: It consists of fertilizers specifically formulated for the base fertilizer period, seedling establishment period, growth period, flowering period, fruit expansion period, and post-harvest rejuvenation period. The base fertilizer is composed of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 2.5-5.5 tons of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, 35-55 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 45-55 kg of Bacillus bio-fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (15-18):(15-18):(15-18). Alternatively: 1.5–3.5 tons of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, 45–55 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20–30 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and boron-zinc micronutrient fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (15–18):(15–18):(15–18). The seedling-specific fertilizer consists of root fertigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation fertilizer: 4-9 kg of rooting fertilizer and 4-6 kg of low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; the rooting fertilizer is a humic acid or amino acid-based rooting fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is (8-12):(28-32):(18-22); ② Foliar spray fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate; The special fertilizer for the growing season consists of root fertigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation fertilizer: Balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or high phosphorus potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 4-16 kg; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (14-16):(14-16):(14-16); the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high phosphorus compound fertilizer is (10-14):(16-20):(14-16); ② Foliar spray fertilizer: Chelated calcium and boron fertilizer; The fertilizer specifically for flowering is composed of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 13-17 kg of high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is (8-12):(38-42):(13-17) or (8-12):(28-32):(18-22); ② Foliar spraying fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron fertilizer; The special fertilizer for the fruit expansion period consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: 9-16 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is (10-14):(6-10):(28-32) or (10-14):(4-8):(38-42); ② Foliar spray fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chelated calcium or calcium-magnesium-boron micronutrient fertilizer; The post-harvest rejuvenation fertilizer consists of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 13-17 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is (14-16):(14-16):(14-16).

2. The segmented special fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is composed of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 3 tons of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer, 42 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 48 kg of Bacillus bio-fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 16:16:

16. The special fertilizer for the seedling establishment period consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: 6 kg of amino acid rooting fertilizer and 5 kg of low nitrogen and high phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the low nitrogen and high phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10:30:20; ② Foliar spray fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The special fertilizer for the growing season consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: Balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 6 kg; The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; ② Foliar spray fertilizer: appropriate amount of chelated calcium and appropriate amount of borax. The fertilizer specifically for flowering period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 15 kg of high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10:40:15; ② Foliar spraying fertilizer: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and appropriate amount of borax. The special fertilizer for the fruit expansion period consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: 12 kg of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the high potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 12:8:30; ② Foliar spray fertilizer: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, appropriate amount of chelated calcium or calcium magnesium boron micronutrient fertilizer. The post-harvest rejuvenation fertilizer consists of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 15 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of well-rotted sheep manure organic fertilizer.

3. The segmented special fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is composed of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 2.5 tons of well-rotted cow manure organic fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 26 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of boron-zinc fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 17:17:

17. The special fertilizer for the seedling establishment period consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: 5 kg of humic acid rooting fertilizer and 5 kg of low nitrogen and high phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the low nitrogen and high phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10:30:20; ② Foliar spray fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The special fertilizer for the growing season consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: 14 kg of high phosphorus compound fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the high phosphorus compound fertilizer is 12:18:15; ② Foliar spray fertilizer: appropriate amount of chelated calcium and appropriate amount of borax. The fertilizer specifically for flowering period consists of root fertigation and foliar spraying, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root fertigation: 15 kg of high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the high phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10:30:20; ② Foliar spraying fertilizer: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax. The special fertilizer for the fruit expansion period consists of root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer, calculated per acre as follows: ① Root irrigation fertilizer: 11 kg of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the high potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 12:6:40; ② Foliar spray fertilizer: appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and appropriate amount of chelated calcium or calcium magnesium boron micronutrient fertilizer. The post-harvest rejuvenation fertilizer consists of the following base fertilizers, calculated per acre: 14 kg of balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of well-rotted cow manure organic fertilizer.

4. The fertilization method of the segmented special fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The application method for the special fertilizer for the base fertilizer period is as follows: after mixing the base fertilizers evenly, spread them on the strawberry cultivation plot, plow to a depth of 20-30cm to ensure that the fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil, level the plot and wait for transplanting. The application method for the special fertilizer for the seedling establishment period is as follows: 7 to 15 days after transplanting, apply root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. Among them, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.15% to 0.25% and sprayed 1 or 2 times. The application method of the special fertilizer for the growing season is as follows: one month after transplanting, before flower bud differentiation, apply root fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. Among them, dilute chelated calcium 1800 to 2200 times to prepare a solution, and prepare boron fertilizer into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.08% to 0.12%, and spray it once or twice. The application method of the special fertilizer for flowering period is as follows: from budding to full bloom, apply root fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. Among them, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.18% to 0.22%, and boron fertilizer is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.08% to 0.12%, and sprayed 2 or 3 times. The application method for the special fertilizer for the fruit expansion period is as follows: During the core growth period from fruit expansion to maturity, apply root irrigation fertilizer and foliar spray fertilizer. Among them, high potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied at a rate of 9-16 kg / mu; potassium dihydrogen phosphate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.28%-0.32%; chelated calcium is diluted 1800-2200 times to prepare a solution; and calcium, magnesium, and boron micronutrient fertilizer is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 0.08%-0.12%. Spray once every 7-10 days. The application method for the special fertilizer for post-harvest rejuvenation is as follows: after each harvest of fruit, apply it evenly and then water.

5. The application of the segmented special fertilizer for the entire growth period of strawberries as described in claim 1, 2 or 3 in strawberry cultivation, or in the use of or preparation of special fertilizers for strawberries.