A heat exchanger unit and a sintered silver powder heat exchanger having the same

Abstract

This invention provides a heat exchanger unit and a sintered silver powder heat exchanger incorporating the unit, specifically relating to the field of cryogenic refrigeration equipment technology. The unit has a C-shaped annular sealed structure and is divided into an independent first heat exchange surface and a second heat exchange surface. A first double-sided series flow channel is provided within the first heat exchange surface; a second double-sided series flow channel is provided within the second heat exchange surface; the fluid flow directions in the first and second double-sided series flow channels are opposite. This invention matches the outer contour design of the cold plate, does not occupy radial space in the equipment, and effectively increases the single-stage heat exchange area, extends the fluid flow path, and balances fluid distribution by optimizing the flow channel structure and fluid flow direction, thus comprehensively improving heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, it avoids component assembly interference problems and can achieve improved heat exchange capacity through simple stacking, adapting to the expansion requirements of high-efficiency heat exchange and large-capacity dilution refrigeration units.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent relates to the field of cryogenic refrigeration equipment technology, specifically to a heat exchanger unit and a sintered silver powder heat exchanger having the unit. Background Technology

[0002] Dilution refrigeration units are currently the core equipment for achieving milliKelvin-level ultra-low temperature environments. As a key heat exchange component, the heat exchanger directly determines the equipment's heat exchange efficiency, cooling rate, and the extreme low temperature it can achieve.

[0003] Currently, most dilution refrigeration machines in the industry use disc-type sintered silver powder heat exchangers. Nano-silver powder is pressed and sintered onto the upper and lower surfaces of the disc. During operation, the dense phase fluid and the dilute phase fluid flow on the upper and lower surfaces of the disc respectively, completing heat exchange. This type of heat exchanger has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, making it widely used in the industry. However, due to limitations in its structural form, flow channel layout, and space adaptability, its heat exchange capacity and integration performance have significant shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the development and usage requirements of high-efficiency dilution refrigeration machines: 1. Small single-stage heat exchange area: Disc-type heat exchangers occupy the radial space of the cold plate, so increasing the heat exchanger diameter will inevitably reduce the installation space of other components; to improve the overall heat exchange capacity, the only way is to increase the number of heat exchanger stages, which not only increases the overall size of the equipment but also introduces additional heat leakage risks, seriously affecting the overall heat exchange effect; 2. Uneven fluid distribution and insufficient heat exchange: The disc-type structure does not have a zoned flow guiding structure, and the fluid flows through the disc... 1. Problems such as flow deviation, large flow velocity differences, and flow short-circuiting are prone to occur when the surface is exposed. The fluid residence time in some areas is short, and the heat exchange between the two phases is incomplete, making it difficult to improve the heat exchange efficiency. 2. Low space utilization and high risk of assembly interference: The disc heat exchanger has a circular structure and occupies a large radial space, making it impossible to utilize the annular unused area on the outside of the cold plate. When integrated with the cold plate, it is very easy to cause structural interference with surrounding components, resulting in poor flexibility in the overall layout of the equipment. 3. Short fluid flow and insufficient heat exchange time: Traditional discs only have a single flow channel, the fluid travel path is short, and the contact heat exchange time between the two phases is limited, further weakening the heat exchange effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a heat exchanger unit and a sintered silver powder heat exchanger having the unit, the specific technical solution of which is as follows: A heat exchanger unit has a C-shaped annular sealing structure. The internal cavity of the heat exchanger unit is divided into a first heat exchange surface located at the upper layer and a second heat exchange surface located at the lower layer. The heat exchanger unit includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and side plates. Each side plate includes a surrounding plate and a partition plate with a cross-shaped cross-section disposed within the cavity of the surrounding plate. A first partition plate is disposed on the upper end face of the horizontal portion of the partition plate. A second partition plate is disposed on the lower end face of the horizontal portion of the partition plate. The first partition plate, the lower end face of the top plate, the surrounding plate, and the partition plate together form a first double-layer structure within the first heat exchange surface. A second double-sided series flow channel is formed within the second heat exchange surface by the second partition plate and the upper end face of the bottom plate, the surrounding plate and the partition plate; the fluid flow direction in the first double-sided series flow channel and the second double-sided series flow channel is opposite; the top of the top plate is provided with a first dense phase tube communicating with the first double-sided series flow channel and a first dilute phase tube communicating with the second double-sided series flow channel; the bottom of the bottom plate is provided with a second dense phase tube communicating with the first double-sided series flow channel and a second dilute phase tube communicating with the second double-sided series flow channel.

[0005] Preferably, the first partition plate has a first through hole located directly below the first dense phase tube; the bottom of the first dense phase tube penetrates the top plate and communicates with the first double-sided series flow channel.

[0006] Preferably, the first partition plate has a second through hole corresponding to the position of the second dense phase tube; the horizontal part of the partition plate has a first vent hole corresponding to the position of the second through hole; the second dense phase tube passes through the bottom plate, the second partition plate, and the first vent hole in sequence and communicates with the second through hole of the first partition plate; a first baffle plate is provided on the upper end face of the horizontal part of the partition plate on the side of the first vent hole near the first through hole.

[0007] Preferably, the second partition plate has a third through hole at a position directly above the second dilute phase tube; the top of the second dilute phase tube penetrates the bottom plate and communicates with the second double-sided series flow channel.

[0008] Preferably, the second partition plate has a fourth through hole corresponding to the position of the first dilute phase tube; the horizontal part of the partition plate has a second vent hole corresponding to the position of the fourth through hole; the bottom of the first dilute phase tube passes through the top plate, the first partition plate, and the second vent hole downwards and communicates with the fourth through hole of the second partition plate; a second baffle plate is provided on the lower end face of the horizontal part of the partition plate on the side of the second vent hole near the third through hole.

[0009] Preferably, both the first and second partitions are sintered with nano-silver powder.

[0010] A sintered silver powder heat exchanger includes at least one of the above-mentioned heat exchanger units.

[0011] More preferably, when the number of heat exchanger units is greater than one, they are arranged in series in a vertical stacking manner.

[0012] Furthermore, preferably, the heat exchanger unit is arranged concentrically with the cold plate, and the heat exchanger unit is located at the outer edge of the cold plate.

[0013] More preferably, the size of the heat exchanger unit is adapted to the outer edge size of the cold plate.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Significantly increased heat exchange area: This invention can meet the demand for large heat exchange capacity by simply stacking heat exchanger units without adding heat exchanger stages, simplifying the overall structure and reducing the risk of heat leakage; (2) High space utilization: The present invention adopts a C-shaped ring opening structure, which can effectively avoid the assembly obstacles caused by the closed ring structure, making it easy to disassemble and assemble. It fits the outer circle of the cold plate, makes full use of the idle space on the outer edge of the cold plate, does not occupy radial space, and eliminates the problem of component assembly interference. (3) Uniform fluid distribution and sufficient heat exchange: The heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger unit of the present invention adopts a dual-zone series flow channel design, which effectively solves the problems of fluid deviation and flow short circuit in traditional disc heat exchangers; ensures uniform fluid velocity and heat exchange in the entire cavity. (4) Increased heat exchange time and improved heat exchange efficiency: The dual-zone series flow channel effectively extends the flow path of the fluid. Combined with the upper and lower double heat exchange surfaces and the two-phase fluid convection, the heat exchange time is greatly extended and the heat exchange effect is significantly enhanced. (5) High versatility: The relevant dimensional parameters of the C-type annular heat exchanger can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of different cold plate specifications, making it compatible with various models of dilution refrigeration machines and more practical. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings constituting this invention are provided to further understand this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchanger unit. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a stacked dual heat exchanger unit. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow inside the heat exchanger unit; where, Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the airflow in the first double-sided series flow channel in the first heat exchange surface of the upper layer; Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the airflow in the second double-sided series flow channel in the second heat exchange surface of the lower layer; Figure 4 This is a front view diagram of the side panel; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger unit. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the direction of the rich and dilute phases entering and exiting a heat exchanger unit. Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the inlet and outlet directions of the dense and dilute phases when two heat exchanger units are stacked. In the figure, 1-heat exchanger unit; 101-top plate; 102-bottom plate; 103-side plate; 1031-first vent; 1032-second vent; 1033-first baffle; 104-first partition; 1041-first through hole; 1042-second through hole; 105-second partition; 1051-third through hole; 1052-fourth through hole; 2-first dense phase tube; 3-second dense phase tube; 4-third dense phase tube; 5-first dilute phase tube; 6-second dilute phase tube; 7-third dilute phase tube. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The specific implementation of a heat exchanger unit and a sintered silver powder heat exchanger having the unit provided by the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, a heat exchanger unit has a C-shaped annular sealing structure; the inner cavity of the heat exchanger unit 1 is divided into a first heat exchange surface located on the upper layer and a second heat exchange surface located on the lower layer.

[0019] Preferably, the heat exchanger unit 1 includes a top plate 101, a bottom plate 102, and a side plate 103; the side plate 103 includes a surrounding plate and a partition plate disposed in the inner cavity of the surrounding plate, with a cross-shaped cross-section, such as... Figures 4-5 As shown. A first partition 104 is provided on the upper end surface of the horizontal part of the partition plate; a second partition 105 is provided on the lower end surface of the horizontal part of the partition plate.

[0020] Preferably, the first partition 104 and the lower end face of the top plate 101, the surrounding plate and the partition plate form a first double-sided series flow channel within the first heat exchange surface; the second partition 105 and the upper end face of the bottom plate 102, the surrounding plate and the partition plate form a second double-sided series flow channel within the second heat exchange surface.

[0021] It is worth emphasizing that the fluid flow directions in the first double-sided series flow channel and the second double-sided series flow channel within the same heat exchange unit 1 are opposite, and the dilute phase fluid and the dense phase fluid are respectively introduced into the double-sided series flow channels in the two heat exchange surfaces for heat exchange.

[0022] Preferably, the top of the top plate 101 is provided with a first dense phase pipe 2 communicating with the first double-sided series flow channel, and a first dilute phase pipe 5 communicating with the second double-sided series flow channel; the bottom of the bottom plate 102 is provided with a second dense phase pipe 3 communicating with the first double-sided series flow channel, and a second dilute phase pipe 6 communicating with the second double-sided series flow channel. Specifically: The first partition 104 has a first through hole 1041 located directly below the first dense phase tube 2. The bottom of the first dense phase tube 2 penetrates the top plate 102 and communicates with the first double-sided series flow channel. The first partition 104 has a second through hole 1042 located corresponding to the second dense phase tube 3. The horizontal part of the partition plate has a first vent 1031 located corresponding to the second through hole 1042. The second dense phase tube 3 passes upward through the bottom plate 102, the second partition 105, and the first vent 1031 in sequence, and then communicates with the second through hole 1042 of the first partition 104. The second partition 105 has a third through hole 1051 located directly above the second dilute phase tube 6. The top of the second dilute phase tube 6 penetrates the bottom plate 102 and communicates with the second double-sided series flow channel. The second partition 105 has a fourth through hole 1052 corresponding to the position of the first dilute phase tube 5, and the horizontal part of the partition plate has a second vent 1032 corresponding to the position of the fourth through hole 1052; the bottom of the first dilute phase tube 5 passes through the top plate 102, the first partition 104, and the second vent 1032 downwards and communicates with the fourth through hole 1052 of the second partition 105, thereby realizing independent inlet and outlet heat exchange of different heat exchange surfaces of the two liquid phases.

[0023] In order to adjust the flow direction of fluid in the double-sided series flow channel, a first baffle plate 1033 is provided on the upper end face of the horizontal part of the partition plate on the side of the first air hole 1031 near the first through hole 1041; a second baffle plate (not shown in the figure) is provided on the lower end face of the horizontal part of the partition plate on the side of the second air hole 1032 near the third through hole 1051.

[0024] It is worth noting that the surfaces of the first partition 104 and the second partition 105 are both sintered with nano silver powder with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0025] A sintered silver powder heat exchanger includes at least one of the aforementioned heat exchanger units 1 (when the number of heat exchanger units 1 is greater than one, they are arranged in series in a vertically stacked manner). The heat exchanger unit 1 is arranged concentrically with the cold plate to which it is located, and the heat exchanger unit 1 is located at the outer edge of the cold plate to which it is located.

[0026] It is worth noting that the size of the heat exchanger unit 1 is adapted to the outer edge size of the cold plate, so as not to occupy additional radial space. In particular, the C-shaped ring structure will not affect the installation and use of other components at all.

[0027] Example 1: A sintered silver powder heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger unit 1, such as Figure 6 As shown, its specific working principle is as follows: First, the dense phase fluid enters the first heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger through the first dense phase tube 2, which is connected to the first double-sided series flow channel. The fluid's flow direction is determined by the first baffle plate 1033, and it moves along the first double-sided series flow channel until it flows downwards from the second through hole 1042. Finally, it flows downwards from the second dense phase tube 3, completing the heat exchange of the dense phase fluid. The specific flow direction is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 3 As indicated by the arrow in (a).

[0028] The dilute phase fluid enters upward through the second dilute phase tube 6 into the second double-sided series flow channel of the second heat exchange surface. The flow direction is determined by the obstruction of the second baffle plate, and the fluid moves along the second double-sided series flow channel until it flows upward from the fourth through hole 1052, finally exiting upward from the first dilute phase tube 5, completing the heat exchange of the dilute phase fluid. The specific flow direction is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 3 (b) is indicated by the arrow.

[0029] Example 2: A sintered silver powder heat exchanger includes two heat exchanger units 1 arranged vertically in series, such as... Figure 2 As shown, its specific working principle is as follows: First, the dense phase fluid enters the first double-sided series flow channel in the first heat exchange surface of the upper heat exchanger unit 1 through the first dense phase tube 2 for initial heat exchange. Then, it moves along the first double-sided series flow channel until it flows downward from the second through hole 1042. After that, it flows out from the second dense phase tube 3 and enters the first double-sided series flow channel in the first heat exchange surface of the lower heat exchanger unit 1 for secondary heat exchange. Finally, it flows downward from the third dense phase tube 4.

[0030] The dilute phase fluid enters the second double-sided series flow channel of the second heat exchange surface of the lower heat exchanger unit 1 through the third dilute phase tube 7 for initial heat exchange. Then, it moves upwards along the second double-sided series flow channel from the second dilute phase tube 6 into the second double-sided series flow channel of the second heat exchange surface of the upper heat exchanger unit 1 for secondary heat exchange. Finally, it flows upwards out of the first dilute phase tube 5. The specific flow direction is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 7 As shown by the middle arrow. When multiple heat exchanger units are stacked, the adjustment of the fluid flow direction within each heat exchange surface is also achieved through the first baffle 1033 and the second baffle within it.

[0031] It is worth noting that when multiple heat exchange units 1 are vertically stacked, during the assembly process, only the positions of the openings on the partitions and dividers within some heat exchange units 1 need to be adjusted to achieve multi-stage series connection, thereby adapting to different working conditions. The main assembly structure does not need to be significantly modified. It is only necessary to ensure that after assembly, one of the dense phase or dilute phase fluid flows in the first heat exchange surface of each heat exchange unit 1, and the other of the dense phase or dilute phase fluid flows in the second heat exchange surface of each heat exchange unit 1.

[0032] The heat exchange surfaces of this invention all adopt double-sided series independent flow channels, which can ensure uniform distribution of fluid throughout the entire area, eliminate flow deviation and short-circuiting phenomena, extend the heat exchange path and time of the fluid, and ensure sufficient heat exchange. At the same time, the C-shaped annular structure is arranged based on the outer edge space of the cold plate, without occupying additional radial space, and does not affect the normal installation and arrangement of other components, resulting in a neat and compact overall layout.

[0033] In addition, the size and number of heat exchanger units can be adjusted according to the actual size of the cold plate of the dilution chiller and the heat exchange requirements, making it more versatile.

[0034] In this invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "bottom," and "top" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are merely used to facilitate the description of the structural relationships of the various components or elements of this invention and do not specifically refer to any particular component or element in this invention, nor should they be construed as limiting the invention. Terms such as "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, indicating a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0035] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger unit, characterized in that, The unit has a C-shaped annular sealing structure; the inner cavity of the heat exchanger unit is divided into a first heat exchange surface located in the upper layer and a second heat exchange surface located in the lower layer. The heat exchanger unit includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate; the side plate includes a surrounding plate and a partition plate with a cross-shaped cross section disposed in the inner cavity of the surrounding plate; a first partition plate is disposed on the upper end surface of the horizontal part of the partition plate; a second partition plate is disposed on the lower end surface of the horizontal part of the partition plate; The first partition plate, together with the lower end face of the top plate, the surrounding plate, and the partition plate, forms a first double-sided series flow channel within the first heat exchange surface; the second partition plate, together with the upper end face of the bottom plate, the surrounding plate, and the partition plate, forms a second double-sided series flow channel within the second heat exchange surface; the fluid flow directions in the first double-sided series flow channel and the second double-sided series flow channel are opposite. The top of the top plate is provided with a first dense phase tube that is connected to the first double-sided series flow channel and a first dilute phase tube that is connected to the second double-sided series flow channel. The bottom of the base plate is provided with a second dense phase tube that is connected to the first double-sided series flow channel, and a second dilute phase tube that is connected to the second double-sided series flow channel.

2. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first partition plate has a first through hole located directly below the first dense phase tube; the bottom of the first dense phase tube penetrates the top plate and is connected to the first double-sided series flow channel.

3. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first partition plate has a second through hole corresponding to the position of the second concentrated phase tube; the horizontal part of the partition plate has a first vent hole corresponding to the position of the second through hole; the second concentrated phase tube passes through the bottom plate, the second partition plate, and the first vent hole in sequence and then communicates with the second through hole of the first partition plate. A first baffle is provided on the upper surface of the horizontal part of the partition plate, on the side of the first air hole near the first through hole.

4. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second partition plate has a third through hole located directly above the second dilute phase tube; the top of the second dilute phase tube penetrates the bottom plate and communicates with the second double-sided series flow channel.

5. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second partition plate has a fourth through hole corresponding to the position of the first dilute phase tube; the horizontal part of the partition plate has a second vent hole corresponding to the position of the fourth through hole; the bottom of the first dilute phase tube passes through the top plate, the first partition plate, and the second vent hole downwards and communicates with the fourth through hole of the second partition plate; A second baffle is provided on the lower end face of the horizontal part of the partition plate, on the side of the second air hole near the third through hole.

6. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second partitions are sintered with nano-silver powder.

7. A sintered silver powder heat exchanger, characterized in that, It includes at least one heat exchanger unit as described in claim 5.

8. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the number of heat exchanger units is greater than one, they are arranged in series in a vertical stacking manner.

9. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat exchanger unit is arranged concentrically with the cold plate it is located on, and the heat exchanger unit is located at the outer edge of the cold plate it is located on.

10. The heat exchanger unit according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dimensions of the heat exchanger unit are adapted to the outer edge dimensions of the cold plate it is located on.

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