Passenger car power cabin multi-sensor fusion fire grading disposal control method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of passenger car power cabin multi-sensing fusion fire grading disposal control method, belong to large and medium-sized passenger car fire safety control technical field of vehicle-mounted.This application synchronously collects power cabin infrared temperature measurement array, smoke concentration, oil gas leakage, humidity in cabin and whole vehicle CAN power operation multidimensional sensing data, uses time series difference algorithm to check jointly temperature, smoke, oil gas variation characteristics, filters false alarm caused by exhaust gas high temperature, water vapor, dust;Construct first-level hidden danger early warning, second-level initial fire, three-stage severe combustion three-stage fire grading determination system, match differential linkage disposal strategy;First-level hidden danger only sound and light remind and upload cloud end;Second-level initial fire cuts off power, ventilation cooling and speed control car;Three-stage severe combustion cuts off high and low voltage power supply of whole vehicle, starts fire extinguishing spray, unlocks all emergency exits and pushes precise position to supervision platform;Under second-level, three-stage fire, limit speed, shield urgent acceleration instruction, guide vehicle to steady side;Fire is completely eliminated and after artificial on-site repair reset, system can remove each travel restriction, three-stage fire is prohibited to automatically restore power.This application solves the defect that traditional single fire sensor false alarm rate is high, without grading disposal, lack of whole vehicle travel constraint linkage, fire identification is accurate, protection disposal closed loop is complete, can effectively reduce large and medium-sized passenger car power cabin spontaneous combustion caused personnel casualty and property loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of on-vehicle fire safety control for large and medium-sized passenger buses, and is applicable to fire monitoring and automatic disposal in the power compartments of fuel, hybrid, and pure electric tour buses and highway passenger buses. Background Art

[0002] The power compartments of large and medium-sized buses integrate engines, exhaust pipes, high-voltage batteries, and oil pipelines. High temperatures, oil leaks, and aging of circuits can easily cause spontaneous combustion. Existing fire monitoring mostly uses a single smoke sensor, and high temperatures in exhaust gases, water vapor in rainy days, and road dust can easily cause false alarms; there is a lack of a multi-sensor joint calibration mechanism, and it is impossible to distinguish different fire levels such as hidden dangers, initial fires, and intense combustion; the disposal method only simply alarms, and there is no complete set of linkage logics for cutting off power, spraying water for fire extinguishing, and unlocking emergency doors; there is no vehicle speed limit and pull-over control strategy after a fire occurs, which is likely to cause out-of-control and chain accidents after a fire on the highway, and the safety protection system is not perfect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Object of the Invention The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of high false alarms of single-sensor fire monitoring, lack of hierarchical disposal, and lack of vehicle-integrated linkage control in existing buses, and provide a multi-sensor fusion fire hierarchical disposal control method for the power compartment of a bus, which accurately identifies the fire level by integrating multi-dimensional sensing signals such as infrared temperature measurement, smoke, and oil and gas leakage, and executes the full-process disposal of warning, power limitation, power-off spraying, and unlocking emergency doors in a gradient manner, synchronously restricts the vehicle driving state, and reduces the harm of bus spontaneous combustion accidents.

[0004] Technical Solution S1. Synchronously collect multi-sensor data in the power compartment An infrared temperature measurement array, smoke sensors, and oil and gas leakage detectors are arranged around the power compartment to synchronously collect the temperature field, smoke concentration, and fuel volatilization concentration in the compartment; the vehicle-mounted controller reads the vehicle operation data such as engine speed, high-voltage battery working state, and vehicle speed on the CAN bus to achieve synchronous sampling of various types of sensing data. The infrared temperature measurement array is arranged around the engine, gearbox, exhaust pipe, and power battery pack to completely cover all high-temperature heat source points in the compartment.

[0005] S2. Verify the fire characteristics by fusing multi-source data Extract the real-time change rate characteristics of temperature, smoke, and oil and gas concentration through the time series difference algorithm, and perform cross-joint verification of multiple indicators; when only the value of a single sensor exceeds the limit and the other sensing indicators are stable and normal, it is determined as environmental interference such as high temperature in exhaust gas, water vapor, and dust, and the fire alarm is not triggered; rely on the speed of temperature rise change to distinguish the normal working condition of slow temperature rise on the summer road surface from the short-time rapid rise characteristics of a fire, and greatly reduce the false alarm probability of the system.

[0006] S3. Determine the three-level risk classification of the fire A three-tiered progressive fire assessment threshold is set, and risk levels are classified based on the fusion of multiple sensor features: Level 1 hazard warning: Local heat source temperature exceeds the standard for a short period of time, with no smoke or oil / gas leakage; Level 2 Initial Fire: The area temperature continues to rise, accompanied by low-concentration smoke, and no large-scale fuel leak has been observed; Level 3 intense combustion: The three characteristics of high temperature throughout the area, high concentration of smoke, and oil and gas leakage are met simultaneously, indicating a serious risk of spontaneous combustion.

[0007] S4. Tiered and coordinated response execution Level 1 Hazard: The vehicle's in-vehicle audio and visual warnings alert the driver and simultaneously upload the location of the hazard and in-cabin sensor data to the fleet's cloud monitoring platform, without restricting vehicle power; Level II initial fire: Cut off engine power output, start the engine compartment ventilation fan for forced ventilation and cooling, and simultaneously implement vehicle speed limit constraints; Level 3 Severe Combustion: The high-voltage and low-voltage power supply circuits of the entire vehicle are cut off, the dry powder or water-based fire extinguishing spray device is automatically activated, all safety doors and emergency window breaking mechanisms of the vehicle are unlocked, the vehicle's hazard warning lights are turned on, and the vehicle's precise location and fire level are pushed to the fleet back-end and traffic monitoring platform through the Beidou 5G terminal.

[0008] S5, Driving Safety Restraint Control When the system determines that a fire is at level two or three, the vehicle controller limits the vehicle's maximum speed, blocks requests for rapid acceleration and heavy throttle input, and only allows gradual deceleration, guiding the vehicle to stop smoothly in the emergency lane on the right side of the road, in order to prevent secondary chain-reaction traffic accidents caused by the vehicle losing control at high speed during the fire.

[0009] S6. Fire Situation Clearance and Reset Verification The system continuously monitors the engine compartment temperature, smoke, and oil and gas concentrations until they all return to safe standards, with no residual fire characteristics. After on-site inspection and elimination of fire hazards and manual reset, the system releases control logic such as power cut-off and speed limit, restoring the vehicle's normal driving privileges. If a Level 3 severe combustion event is triggered, the system permanently locks the power output circuit, prohibiting automatic power restoration while the vehicle is in motion; manual on-site inspection and unlocking are required.

[0010] Beneficial effects The infrared temperature measurement array, smoke sensor, and oil and gas leak detector are multi-sensor fusion and cross-verification. Relying on the time-series difference algorithm, it distinguishes between environmental interference and real fire, and greatly reduces false alarms caused by high temperature of exhaust gas, water vapor in rainy weather, and road dust. Establish a three-level fire situation assessment system, and match differentiated handling plans for hidden dangers, initial fires, and intense fires. Minor hidden dangers will not interfere with the normal operation of vehicles, while serious fires will be handled with a full set of safety procedures including power outage, fire extinguishing, evacuation, and reporting. In the case of level II and level III fires, vehicle speed limits and prohibitions on rapid acceleration will be implemented simultaneously to actively control vehicle driving status, guide vehicles to park smoothly on the side of the road, and avoid secondary accidents caused by vehicles on fire losing control at high speeds. In the event of a Level 3 fire, multiple actuators work in tandem, including power outage, automatic sprinkler system, unlocking of emergency exits, hazard warning lights, and BeiDou 5G positioning reporting, forming a complete closed-loop system for vehicle-mounted fire response. After a level-three fire occurs, the power circuit is locked, and manual on-site inspection and repair are mandatory to prevent vehicles from being put back on the road before the fire hazard is eliminated, which fully complies with the fire safety supervision standards for large and medium-sized passenger vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1. Overall flowchart of the graded handling of fire in the power compartment according to the present invention; Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the distribution of multiple sensor locations in the power compartment; Figure 3. Block diagram of multi-source sensor data fusion verification logic; Figure 4. Sequence control diagram for vehicle-wide coordinated response to a Level 3 fire. Detailed Implementation

[0012] A multi-sensor fusion method for graded fire response and control in the power compartment of a passenger vehicle, the specific implementation process of which is as follows: Step 1: The vehicle controller synchronously collects signals from the infrared temperature measurement array in the power compartment, smoke, oil and gas leaks, and ambient humidity sensors, while simultaneously reading engine, battery, and vehicle speed power parameters from the CAN bus; the infrared temperature measurement probes are arranged around the engine, transmission, exhaust pipe, and power battery to fully cover high-temperature heat sources.

[0013] Step 2: Use the time-series differential algorithm to calculate the rate of change of temperature, smoke, and oil and gas concentrations. Verify multiple sensor indicators together. If a single sensor exceeds the standard while the others are normal, it is determined to be environmental interference and no alarm is triggered.

[0014] Step 3: Classify fire situations into three levels based on fusion characteristics: localized short-term overheating without smoke or oil / gas is a Level 1 hazard; continuous temperature rise accompanied by low-concentration smoke is a Level 2 initial fire; and the simultaneous occurrence of high temperature, high smoke, and oil / gas leakage across the entire area is a Level 3 intense combustion.

[0015] Step 4: Tiered Implementation: Level 1: Audible and visual alarm only + cloud upload; Level 2: Power cut-off, ventilation fan, speed limit; Level 3: High and low voltage power cut-off, sprinkler system activated, emergency exits unlocked, hazard lights activated, BeiDou 5G system used to report fire location.

[0016] Step 5: For level 2 and 3 fires, uniformly disable rapid acceleration commands, limit maximum vehicle speed, and control vehicles to slow down smoothly and stop on the right.

[0017] Step 6: After all sensor indicators inside the cabin return to safe values, all driving restrictions are lifted after manual inspection and repositioning on site; after a level 3 fire, the system locks the power and cannot automatically restore it during driving.

[0018] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or simple optimizations made based on the technical concept of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passenger car power cabin multi-sensor fusion fire grading disposal control method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Synchronous acquisition of multi-sensor data in the power compartment: Real-time acquisition of infrared temperature array temperature data, smoke concentration sensor signal, oil and gas leak detection value, cabin ambient humidity, and vehicle CAN bus power operation parameters; S2. Multi-source data fusion fire feature verification: Perform joint feature matching on temperature change curves, smoke concentration change rate and oil and gas leakage concentration to filter out false triggering interference from high-temperature exhaust gas, water vapor and dust. S3. Fire risk classification: Based on the multi-sensor fusion characteristics, the fire risk is divided into three levels: Level 1 hidden danger warning, Level 2 initial fire, and Level 3 severe burning. S4. Tiered and coordinated response: Level 1 hazard only triggers an in-vehicle audio-visual warning and uploads it to the cloud; Level 2 initial fire cuts off engine power output and starts cabin ventilation and cooling; Level 3 severe combustion cuts off the vehicle's high / low voltage power supply, automatically activates fire sprinklers, and unlocks all emergency exits. S5. Driving safety constraint control: Under level two and level three fire conditions, the maximum driving speed of the vehicle is limited, rapid acceleration is prohibited, and the vehicle is guided to pull over smoothly to the side of the road. S6. Fire Situation Reset Verification: After the cabin temperature, smoke, and oil and gas indicators all return to the safe range and the fire fault is manually cleared, the system removes the power restriction and resumes normal operation.

2. The method for graded fire response and control in a passenger vehicle power compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the infrared temperature measurement array is arranged around the engine, transmission, exhaust pipe, and battery pack to fully cover the high-temperature heat source area of ​​the power compartment.

3. The method for graded fire response and control in the engine compartment of a passenger vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 uses a time-series differential algorithm to distinguish between normal operating conditions with slow temperature rise and short-term sudden fire characteristics, avoiding false alarms when driving on roads in high summer temperatures.

4. The method for graded fire response and control in a passenger vehicle power compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3: Level 1 hazard assessment is a short-term localized temperature exceeding the standard without obvious smoke or oil vapor; Level 2 initial fire is a continuous temperature rise accompanied by low-concentration smoke; Level 3 intense combustion is triggered simultaneously by high temperature, high-concentration smoke, and fuel leakage.

5. The method for graded fire response and control in the engine compartment of a passenger vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, during the Level 3 fire response, the vehicle's hazard lights are activated simultaneously, and the precise location of the fire is pushed to the fleet and traffic monitoring platform via the Beidou 5G terminal.

6. The method for graded fire response and control in the engine compartment of a passenger vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: After a Level 3 fire occurs in step S6, the system locks the power output circuit, requiring manual on-site inspection and repositioning; it cannot automatically restore power while the vehicle is in motion.

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