Macrobrachium rosenbergii three-dimensional flat plate recirculating water culture system and culture method

Abstract

The application discloses a macrobrachium rosenbergii three-dimensional flat plate recirculating aquaculture system and method, which comprises a system support, a three-dimensional flat plate aquaculture unit and a recirculating water treatment unit. The three-dimensional flat plate aquaculture unit comprises a plurality of flat plate water tanks arranged on the system support. A water inlet pipeline is arranged above the top of the flat plate water tank and supplies water to the flat plate water tank in a downward spraying manner. A water level control overflow port is arranged on the side wall of the flat plate water tank. A sewage discharge hole array is arranged on the bottom of the flat plate water tank. A water collecting tank is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom of the flat plate water tank. The sewage discharge hole array is in communication with the water collecting tank. The water collecting tank and the overflow port are connected to a recirculating water pipeline. The recirculating water pipeline is connected to the input end of the recirculating water treatment unit. The output end of the recirculating water treatment unit is connected to the water inlet pipeline, thereby forming a closed loop circulation, and the specific growth rate and the weight gain rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically relating to a three-dimensional flat recirculating aquaculture system and method for giant freshwater prawns. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the aquaculture industry for giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has developed rapidly due to their delicious meat and high economic value. However, current mainstream giant freshwater prawn farming mostly uses traditional earthen or cement ponds (such as the traditional 50cm water depth model), which has significant limitations:

[0003] First, traditional single-layer farming models occupy a large area and have extremely low three-dimensional utilization of factory space, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern factory-style high-density intensive farming.

[0004] Secondly, giant freshwater prawns have a benthic lifestyle, and traditional aquaculture ponds have many dead zones at the bottom, making it difficult to effectively remove solid pollutants such as uneaten feed and feces. This easily leads to the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the bottom water, which in turn causes water quality deterioration and frequent disease outbreaks.

[0005] Therefore, based on the biological characteristics of giant freshwater prawns, there is an urgent need to develop a recirculating aquaculture system that can make full use of three-dimensional space and has efficient bottom drainage capabilities to improve survival rate and aquaculture efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system and method for giant freshwater prawns, which solves the problems of water quality control and sewage discharge capacity in the traditional giant freshwater prawn farming in the prior art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns includes a system support frame, a three-dimensional flat-plate culture unit, and a recirculating water treatment unit;

[0009] The three-dimensional flat-plate aquaculture unit includes several flat-plate water tanks placed flat on a system support. A water inlet pipe is provided above the top of each flat-plate water tank, and the water inlet pipe supplies water to the flat-plate water tank in a downward spray manner. An overflow port for controlling the water level is provided on the side wall of each flat-plate water tank. An array of drain holes is opened at the bottom of each flat-plate water tank, and a water collection tank is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom of the flat-plate water tank. The array of drain holes is connected to the water collection tank.

[0010] The output ends of the water collection tank and the overflow port are both connected to the circulating water return pipe. The circulating water return pipe is connected to the input end of the circulating water treatment unit, and the output end of the circulating water treatment unit is connected to the water inlet pipe, forming a closed loop.

[0011] The system support has a multi-layer structure; several flat water tanks are fixed on the system support to form a three-dimensional array structure.

[0012] The system support is welded from hollow square iron pipes and is equipped with connectors that match the flat water tank. The flat water tank is detachably fixed to the system support through the connectors.

[0013] Multiple sets of connectors are arranged symmetrically in the longitudinal direction, and the layer height between flat water tanks can be adjusted by using different connectors.

[0014] Each flat-plate water tank has an overflow port connected to an independent ball valve, which is normally open to maintain a constant water level, and there is a space above the flat-plate water tank to prevent escape.

[0015] The drain hole array consists of several drain holes with a diameter of 6-9 mm arranged in a grid pattern.

[0016] The circulating water treatment unit includes, in sequence, a physical filter tank, an ultraviolet disinfection unit, and a circulating water pump.

[0017] The ultraviolet disinfection unit is equipped with an independent ultraviolet lamp.

[0018] The three-dimensional recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Place the flat water tank on the system bracket, connect the circulating water treatment unit, open the overflow port independent ball valve and keep it open.

[0020] Step 2: Control the aquaculture water to be sprayed into the water tank from the top, and the aquaculture wastewater enters the water collection tank through the bottom drain hole array, and flows into the return water pipe together with the water overflowing from the overflow outlet.

[0021] Step 3: Place giant freshwater prawns into the flat tank. At a set time interval, start the circulating water pump. After the return water is purified and sterilized by the physical filter and ultraviolet disinfection unit, it is redistributed to the inlet pipeline by the circulating water pump.

[0022] The start-up cycle of the circulating water pump is set according to the water quality, controlling the water quality in the flat plate tank to maintain ammonia nitrogen at 0.1-0.4 mg / L and nitrite at 0.1-0.6 mg / L.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Significantly improved space utilization: The three-layer support structure welded from hollow square iron pipes supports the PVC flat water tank, transforming traditional two-dimensional aquaculture into three-dimensional aquaculture. Within the same factory floor area, the aquaculture water volume and capacity are doubled.

[0025] 2. Extremely optimized water flow characteristics and sewage discharge: The first-ever hydrodynamic model of "top spray water intake + bottom grid-like hole array sewage discharge". The top spray can increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, and the downward water flow and the 40 bottom grid-like drainage holes form a fully covered vertical downflow. The small holes with a diameter of 8mm can prevent the prawns from escaping.

[0026] 3. Precise water level control: The side wall is equipped with an overflow port for controlling the water level and an independent ball valve, which can accurately lock and maintain a constant water depth according to actual aquaculture needs, meeting the requirements of the system's refined water level management; in addition, the extra height naturally retained above the tank after the water level is set also serves to prevent the giant freshwater prawns from escaping.

[0027] 4. Significantly improves growth performance and survival rate: Empirical data show that the system can significantly improve the specific growth rate and weight gain rate of giant freshwater prawns while maintaining excellent water quality (ammonia nitrogen 0.1-0.4 mg / L, nitrite 0.1-0.6 mg / L). With a water level of 35 cm, the survival rate is nearly 12 percentage points higher than that of traditional cement ponds. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and water flow direction of the three-dimensional flat recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view of the three-dimensional structure of the single flat plate water tank of the present invention.

[0030] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Overflow outlet; 2. Ball valve; 3. Bracket; 4. Water pump; 5. Physical filter bucket; 6. Ultraviolet disinfection bucket; 7. Flow meter; 8. Water collection tank; 9. Flat plate aquaculture tank; 10. Water outlet; 11. Drainage and sewage outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The structure and working process of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] A three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns includes a system support frame, a three-dimensional flat-plate culture unit, and a recirculating water treatment unit;

[0033] The three-dimensional flat-plate aquaculture unit includes several flat-plate water tanks placed flat on a system support. A water inlet pipe is provided above the top of each flat-plate water tank, and the water inlet pipe supplies water to the flat-plate water tank in a downward spray manner. An overflow port for controlling the water level is provided on the side wall of each flat-plate water tank. An array of drain holes is opened at the bottom of each flat-plate water tank, and a water collection tank is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom of the flat-plate water tank. The array of drain holes is connected to the water collection tank.

[0034] The output ends of the water collection tank and the overflow port are both connected to the circulating water return pipe. The circulating water return pipe is connected to the input end of the circulating water treatment unit, and the output end of the circulating water treatment unit is connected to the water inlet pipe, forming a closed loop.

[0035] Specific embodiment 1, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown:

[0036] The giant freshwater prawn three-dimensional flat recirculating aquaculture system includes a system support frame, three-dimensional flat aquaculture units, and a recirculating water treatment unit.

[0037] Specifically, the system support described in this embodiment is a three-layer support structure welded from hollow square iron pipes, with the height spacing between the layers set at 80cm to ensure the stability of the three-dimensional stack and to reserve space for manual operation.

[0038] The three-dimensional flat-plate aquaculture unit includes several flat-plate water tanks placed horizontally on the system support 3. Each flat-plate water tank is a rectangular box welded together from PVC material, with external dimensions of 2.8m (length) × 1.3m (width) × 0.5m (height). A water inlet pipe 10 is installed above the top of each flat-plate water tank, supplying water to the tank via a downward spray, thus both oxygenating the water and creating downward water pressure.

[0039] Multiple sets of symmetrical connectors matching the flat-plate water tanks are welded onto the system support frame. The flat-plate water tanks are detachably fixed to the system support frame via these connectors. The height between the flat-plate water tanks can be adjusted using different connectors.

[0040] To optimize bottom water flow characteristics and achieve efficient waste removal, the bottom of the flat-plate water tank 9 is provided with a waste drainage hole array 11, which consists of 40 drainage holes with a diameter of 8mm arranged in a grid pattern. A water collection trough 8 is welded tightly to the outer bottom of the flat-plate water tank 9, and the waste drainage hole array 11 is directly connected to the water collection trough 8, so that uneaten food and feces deposited at the bottom of the tank can quickly fall into the water collection trough 8 with the water flow.

[0041] Regarding water level control, the flat-plate water tank 9 has an overflow port 1 with a diameter of 50mm on its side wall, which is connected to an independent overflow control ball valve 2. Depending on different breeding stages or experimental needs, the overflow port 1 can be positioned at a height of 25cm or 35cm from the bottom of the flat-plate water tank 9. During operation, the overflow control ball valve 2 is kept open to maintain a constant water level. Since the total height of the flat-plate water tank 9 is 0.5m, sufficient escape-prevention space is naturally maintained between the water surface and the top of the tank (e.g., 15cm of extra height is reserved when the water depth is set to 35cm), effectively preventing the giant freshwater prawns from jumping out.

[0042] The output ends of the water collection tank 8 and the overflow port 1 are both connected to the circulating return water pipe, collecting the bottom drain water and overflow water. The circulating water treatment unit includes, in sequence, a circulating water pump 4 with a rated flow rate of 5 m³ / h, a physical filter tank 5, and an ultraviolet disinfection unit 6. The ultraviolet disinfection unit 6 is equipped with four independent ultraviolet lamps (each with a power of 80W and a wavelength of 254nm) to ensure the biological safety of the water. The circulating return water pipe is connected to the input end of the physical filter tank 5. After being sterilized by the ultraviolet disinfection unit 6, the purified water is pumped back into the inlet water pipe 10 by the circulating water pump 4, thus forming a closed-loop circulation system. All units of the system are connected in parallel through 50mm diameter PVC pipes, and each node is equipped with an independent control ball valve to achieve precise control of the hydraulic residence time and flow rate of each unit.

[0043] Specific Implementation Example 2: This implementation example further verifies the actual effect of the system-based culture of giant freshwater prawns in Example 1.

[0044] After the device described in Example 1 is assembled, the actual effect of the system in the factory-scale three-dimensional culture of giant freshwater prawns is verified:

[0045] Juvenile giant freshwater prawns of the "Nan Taihu No. 3" variety were used as experimental subjects. Before the experiment, the prawns were temporarily held and selected to achieve an initial body length of 3.74±0.25 cm and an initial weight of 1.01±0.17 g. The experimental period was 90 days, with a uniform stocking density of 546 prawns / pond. Three treatment groups were established (three replicates per group).

[0046] (1) Group 35H (high water level group): The three-dimensional flat plate aquaculture system of the present invention is adopted, and the overflow control ball valve at a height of 35cm is opened to keep the aquaculture water depth constant at 35cm.

[0047] (2) Group 25H (low water level group): The three-dimensional flat plate aquaculture system of the present invention is adopted, and the overflow control ball valve at a height of 25cm is opened to keep the aquaculture water depth constant at 25cm.

[0048] (3) CP group (control group): a traditional cement pool with dimensions of 1.5m×1.5m×0.5m and a water depth of 50cm was used.

[0049] The daily breeding and management methods are as follows:

[0050] The circulating water treatment unit operated intermittently, with the circulating water pump running for 2 hours daily, circulating approximately 10 m³ per day to maintain water quality uniformity and thermal stability. All aquaculture units were equipped with air stones for 24-hour oxygenation. During the experiment, the water temperature was controlled at 28.0 ± 2.5℃, pH at 8.0-8.5, ammonia nitrogen at 0.1-0.4 mg / L, and nitrite at 0.1-0.6 mg / L. The filter media in physical filter tank 5 was cleaned and replaced daily. Regarding feeding management, samples were randomly selected every 10 days to measure body length and weight, and the feeding amount was dynamically adjusted accordingly. After 90 days of culture, the growth performance of the giant freshwater prawns in each group was compared as shown in the table below:

[0051]

[0052] Note: Different superscript letters in the same data indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05). Groups: A-35H group (35cm deep flat tank), B-25H group (25cm deep flat tank), C-CP group (traditional indoor cement tank).

[0053] As shown in the table above, throughout the 90-day rearing period, the giant freshwater prawns raised using the three-dimensional flat recirculating aquaculture system of this invention (groups 35H and 25H) significantly outperformed the traditional cement pond control group (CP group) in terms of weight gain rate (WGR), length growth rate (LGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). In particular, the survival rate of group 35H reached 56.84%, significantly higher than the 44.51% of the traditional method, in terms of final rearing performance.

[0054] In summary, this invention, through a multi-layered three-dimensional support combined with a flat water tank design featuring bottom mesh-like drainage holes and precise overflow outlets on the side walls, not only greatly improves the utilization rate of factory space and sewage discharge efficiency, but also provides an excellent aquatic environment for giant freshwater prawns, significantly enhancing their growth performance and survival rate. It has extremely high industrial application and promotion value.

[0055] The system can also be connected to an automatic control device. By installing a water quality monitoring sensor in the water tank, real-time water quality parameters can be obtained. Based on the water quality parameters, the system can automatically control the start and stop of the circulating water pump, so that the water quality in the flat tank is always maintained at 0.1-0.4 mg / L for ammonia nitrogen and 0.1-0.6 mg / L for nitrite.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0057] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product or device.

[0058] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0059] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0060] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linking," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns, characterized in that: Includes system support frame, three-dimensional flat plate aquaculture unit and recirculating water treatment unit; The three-dimensional flat-plate aquaculture unit includes several flat-plate water tanks placed flat on a system support. A water inlet pipe is provided above the top of each flat-plate water tank, and the water inlet pipe supplies water to the flat-plate water tank in a downward spray manner. An overflow port for controlling the water level is provided on the side wall of each flat-plate water tank. An array of drain holes is opened at the bottom of each flat-plate water tank, and a water collection tank is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom of the flat-plate water tank. The array of drain holes is connected to the water collection tank. The output ends of the water collection tank and the overflow port are both connected to the circulating water return pipe. The circulating water return pipe is connected to the input end of the circulating water treatment unit, and the output end of the circulating water treatment unit is connected to the water inlet pipe, forming a closed loop.

2. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system support has a multi-layer structure; several flat water tanks are fixed on the system support to form a three-dimensional array structure.

3. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 2, characterized in that: The system support is welded from hollow square iron pipes and is equipped with connectors that match the flat water tank. The flat water tank is detachably fixed to the system support through the connectors.

4. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple sets of connectors are arranged symmetrically in the longitudinal direction, and the layer height between flat water tanks can be adjusted by using different connectors.

5. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each flat-plate water tank has an overflow port connected to an independent ball valve, which is normally open to maintain a constant water level, and there is a space above the flat-plate water tank to prevent escape.

6. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drain hole array consists of several drain holes with a diameter of 6-9 mm arranged in a grid pattern.

7. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating water treatment unit includes, in sequence, a physical filter tank, an ultraviolet disinfection unit, and a circulating water pump.

8. The three-dimensional flat-plate recirculating aquaculture system for giant freshwater prawns according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ultraviolet disinfection unit is equipped with an independent ultraviolet lamp.

9. A method for three-dimensional recirculating aquaculture of giant freshwater prawns based on any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the flat water tank on the system bracket, connect the circulating water treatment unit, open the overflow port independent ball valve and keep it open. Step 2: Control the aquaculture water to be sprayed into the water tank from the top, and the aquaculture wastewater enters the water collection tank through the bottom drain hole array, and flows into the return water pipe together with the water overflowing from the overflow outlet. Step 3: Place giant freshwater prawns into the flat tank. At a set time interval, start the circulating water pump. After the return water is purified and sterilized by the physical filter and ultraviolet disinfection unit, it is redistributed to the inlet pipeline by the circulating water pump.

10. The method for three-dimensional recirculating aquaculture of giant freshwater prawns according to claim 9, characterized in that: The start-up cycle of the circulating water pump is set according to the water quality, controlling the water quality in the flat plate tank to maintain ammonia nitrogen at 0.1-0.4 mg / L and nitrite at 0.1-0.6 mg / L.

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