Fat powder for special aquatic animals, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of fat powder for special aquaculture and its preparation method and application, the composition of the fat powder includes: compound oil, emulsifier, bile acid salt, lipase, antioxidant, fat-soluble vitamin, carrier material;The compound oil is composed of algal oil, deep sea fish oil, rice bran oil, 24 ℃ fractionated palm oil, refined coconut oil, soybean lecithin and medium-chain triglyceride.The present application is not simply mixed oil product, but is the comprehensive functional fat powder constructed around the growth, reproduction, resistance, intestinal health and meat quality of special aquatic animals, can simultaneously consider "promote growth, reduce fishy smell, enhance resistance, promote reproduction, protect intestinal tract, promote absorption" and multiple goals, with obvious system and uniqueness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, and relates to a fat powder for special aquatic animals, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's aquaculture industry has been accelerating its transformation and upgrading towards high quality and high added value. Specialty aquatic products such as giant spiny loach, mandarin fish, snakehead, eel, soft-shelled turtle, and tiger frog have seen continuous expansion in their farming scale due to their high end-market prices and significant farming benefits, and have become the core growth engine of the industry.

[0003] However, unlike major freshwater fish such as grass carp, tilapia, and common carp, these carnivorous or predatory species have extremely specific nutritional requirements for the composition and structure of fatty acids in their feed. Moreover, most of these special aquatic species are still in the early stages of wild domestication, have weak resistance to adverse conditions, and are highly susceptible to environmental and production stress.

[0004] Numerous studies have revealed that the content and ratio of oleic acid to palmitic acid are among the core factors determining the firmness, tenderness, and basic flavor of the muscle in specialty aquatic products. While EPA and DHA can enhance the nutritional value of products, excessive supplementation can impart a noticeable fishy odor to the meat, thus lowering the overall quality. It is noteworthy that specialty aquatic products have a DHA / EPA requirement approaching that of marine aquaculture animals, with preferential accumulation in key organs such as the hepatopancreas and gonads. Simultaneously, their long-term adaptation to freshwater environments results in a significantly higher oleic acid to palmitic acid ratio in their body fat compared to marine animals. This has led to a unique set of fatty acid requirements in specialty aquatic products that distinguish them from both common freshwater and marine fish. However, currently, there are no dedicated fat powder products on the market designed specifically for this particular need.

[0005] Commercially available aquatic fat powders are designed based on the nutritional needs of mainstream fish species, primarily using soybean oil, soybean lecithin, and fish oil as raw materials. However, their application in specialized aquaculture reveals four major defects: First, an imbalance in the ratio of basic fatty acids prevents efficient conversion into muscle structural lipids, leading to slow growth and a high feed conversion ratio. Second, inappropriate functional fatty acid supplementation programs result in either near-complete deficiency or excessive addition of fish oil, exacerbating the muddy taste and reducing product quality. Third, severe abnormal fat deposition leads to excessive accumulation of linoleic acid in the abdominal cavity and liver, resulting in a fatty liver incidence rate exceeding 60%, severely impacting growth and reproductive performance. Fourth, low digestibility and absorption efficiency makes it difficult for specialized aquatic species with short intestines to fully utilize the nutrients, causing nutrient waste and polluting the aquaculture water.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a special fat powder for special aquatic animals that can provide high-quality energy and achieve comprehensive effects such as growth promotion, reproductive support, immune enhancement and meat quality improvement through nutritional structure optimization and process stabilization. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a fat powder for special aquatic animals, its preparation method, and its application. This invention is not a simple blended oil product, but a comprehensive functional fat powder designed to meet the five major needs of special aquatic animals: growth, reproduction, stress resistance, intestinal health, and meat quality. It simultaneously addresses multiple objectives such as promoting growth, reducing fishy odor, enhancing stress resistance, promoting reproduction, protecting the intestines, and promoting absorption, demonstrating significant systematicity and uniqueness.

[0008] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fat powder for the breeding of special aquatic animals, the fat powder comprising: compound oil, emulsifier, bile salt, lipase, antioxidant, fat-soluble vitamin, and carrier material;

[0010] The compound oil is composed of algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, palm oil extracted at 24°C, refined coconut oil, soybean lecithin, and medium-chain triglycerides.

[0011] This invention creatively combines seven specific oils: algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, 24°C fractionated palm oil, refined coconut oil, soybean lecithin, and medium-chain triglycerides. Compared to the fish oil and / or soybean oil components commonly used in traditional fat powders, this combination makes the fatty acid structure more suitable for the metabolic characteristics of special aquatic animals, promoting the directional deposition of fat into body fat and muscle tissue, increasing growth rate and weight gain efficiency, reducing abnormal accumulation of abdominal and liver fat, significantly reducing the earthy and off-flavors in the meat of special aquatic animals, improving the quality of special aquatic animals, and promoting gonadal development, increasing egg production and fertilization rate.

[0012] Refined coconut oil and medium-chain triglycerides can not only provide energy quickly, but also improve the non-specific immunity and stress resistance of special aquatic animals, reduce post-stress mortality, shorten feeding recovery time and morbidity. They can also reduce the preferential use of high-value long-chain fatty acids as energy, thereby improving their efficiency in structural deposition and functional support. Rice bran oil, fractionated palm oil and soybean lecithin together form a stable basic oil framework, which is conducive to maintaining the structural stability and efficacy stability of fat powder.

[0013] This invention simultaneously adds emulsifiers, bile acid salts, and lipases to fat powder. The emulsifier can emulsify the fat into smaller and more stable lipid droplets, increasing the specific surface area of ​​the droplets. The bile acid salts can improve the transport and absorption efficiency of fat in the intestine. The lipase can accelerate the hydrolysis of fat into smaller, more easily absorbed lipid molecules. The three components integrate the functions of emulsification, bile acid absorption promotion, and lipase decomposition into the same system, which is particularly suitable for the physiological characteristics of special aquatic animals with short digestive tracts and low fat utilization.

[0014] Preferably, the composition of the fat powder, by mass parts, includes: 50-60 parts of compound oil, 0.5-1.4 parts of emulsifier, 0.1-0.5 parts of bile salt, 0.05-0.15 parts of lipase, 0.1-0.2 parts of antioxidant, 0.05-0.2 parts of vitamin, and 40-50 parts of carrier material.

[0015] The mass fractions of the compound oil can be selected from 50 parts, 52 parts, 53 parts, 54 parts, 55 parts, 56 parts, 57 parts, 58 parts, 59 parts, 60 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of the emulsifier can be selected from 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.8 parts, 0.9 parts, 1.0 parts, 1.1 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of the bile salts can be selected from 0.1 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of the lipase can be selected from 0.05 parts, 0.07 parts, 0.08 parts, 0.09 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.12 parts, etc. The mass fractions of the antioxidant can be selected from 0.1 parts, 0.12 parts, 0.14 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.16 parts, 0.17 parts, 0.18 parts, 0.19 parts, 0.2 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of the vitamin can be selected from 0.05 parts, 0.07 parts, 0.08 parts, 0.09 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.12 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.18 parts, 0.2 parts, etc.; the mass fractions of the carrier material can be selected from 40 parts, 42 parts, 43 parts, 45 parts, 46 parts, 47 parts, 48 ​​parts, 50 parts, etc.

[0016] Preferably, the compound oil is composed of 20-25 parts by weight of algal oil, 8-16 parts by weight of deep-sea fish oil, 10-15 parts by weight of rice bran oil, 5-15 parts by weight of palm oil extracted at 24°C, 4-10 parts by weight of refined coconut oil, 3-7 parts by weight of soybean lecithin and 1-3 parts by weight of medium-chain triglycerides.

[0017] When the above seven types of oils are used in combination in a specific mass ratio, they are more effective in promoting the directional deposition of fat into body fat and muscle tissue in special aquatic animals, improving their growth rate and weight gain efficiency, reducing abnormal accumulation of abdominal and liver fat, significantly reducing the earthy and off-flavors in the meat of special aquatic animals, and promoting gonadal development and improving reproductive capacity.

[0018] The mass fractions of the algal oil can be selected from 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, etc.; the mass fractions of the deep-sea fish oil can be selected from 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, etc.; the mass fractions of the rice bran oil can be selected from 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc.; the mass fractions of the 24℃ fractionated palm oil can be selected from 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, etc.; the mass fractions of the refined coconut oil can be selected from 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, etc.; the mass fractions of the soybean lecithin can be selected from 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, etc.; and the mass fractions of the medium-chain triglycerides can be selected from 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, etc.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of algal oil to deep-sea fish oil is (2-4):1, such as 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, etc.; more preferably (2.5-3.5):1.

[0020] Preferably, the algal oil is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of the following: *Schizochytrium* oil, *Cryptodinium kowti* oil, or *Microcystis glomeratus* oil.

[0021] Preferably, the DHA content of the algal oil is 30-60%, more preferably 40-55%.

[0022] Preferably, the emulsifier includes any one or a combination of at least two of glycoside esters, lysophosphatidylcholine, or polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate.

[0023] Preferably, the emulsifier is a combination of glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine, and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate.

[0024] This invention also creatively discovers that when the emulsifier is a combination of glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate, its emulsification effect on compound oils is better, thereby improving the absorption and utilization efficiency of compound oils by special aquatic animals.

[0025] Preferably, the mass ratio of the glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate is (2-3):1:(3-5), for example, 2:1:3, 2:1:4, 2:1:5, 3:1:3, 3:1:4, 3:1:5, etc.

[0026] Preferably, the antioxidant includes any one or a combination of at least two of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, or rosemary extract.

[0027] Preferably, the antioxidant is a combination of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract.

[0028] This invention adds antioxidants to fat powder to protect the stability of highly unsaturated fatty acids in complex oils. Furthermore, it creatively discovers that a combination of antioxidants, including tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract, provides both immediate and sustained antioxidant effects. Tert-butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene rapidly block the lipid oxidation chain reaction, while tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract provide longer-lasting natural antioxidant protection. The antioxidant system also reduces rancidity and fishy odor caused by fat oxidation, improving storage stability and feed quality.

[0029] Preferably, the mass ratio of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract is (2-4):(1-3):(2-4):(1-2):1; wherein the specific values ​​in (2-4) can be 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, etc.; the specific values ​​in (1-3) can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, etc.; and the specific values ​​in (1-2) can be 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, etc.

[0030] Preferably, the fat-soluble vitamins include: vitamin D or its esters and / or vitamin A or its esters (e.g., vitamin A palmitate).

[0031] Fat-soluble vitamins are more easily absorbed and utilized simultaneously in the environment of complex oils, which can enhance the overall nutritional effect. Among them, vitamin A or its esters can further support the growth and reproduction of special aquatic animals and help maintain epithelial tissue, visual function and reproductive-related physiological processes; vitamin D or its esters can support calcium and phosphorus metabolism, which is beneficial to bone health and parental development.

[0032] Preferably, the mass ratio of vitamin D or its ester to vitamin A or its ester is 4:1-3:2, for example, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 3:2, etc.

[0033] Preferably, the carrier material includes any one or a combination of at least two of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal, or fermented soybean meal.

[0034] Preferably, the carrier material is a combination of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal, and fermented soybean meal.

[0035] The carrier material selected in this invention is not a simple inert filler, but a functional carrier that combines adsorption, solidification, gut-friendly properties and feed processing adaptability. More preferably, a combination of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal and fermented soybean meal is used as the carrier material, which can simultaneously improve the oil adsorption capacity, provide auxiliary nutrition, improve gut health, and improve the flowability and anti-caking properties of fat powder.

[0036] Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal, and fermented soybean meal is (45-65):(12-25):(8-15). The specific values ​​in (45-65) can be 45, 48, 50, 53, 55, 60, 65, etc.; the specific values ​​in (12-25) can be 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, etc.; and the specific values ​​in (8-15) can be 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc.

[0037] In this invention, the special aquatic animals include: large spiny loach, mandarin fish, snakehead, yellow eel, and soft-shelled turtle.

[0038] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing fat powder according to the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) Mix and stir each raw material of the compound oil at 45-50℃ (e.g., 45℃, 46℃, 47℃, 48℃, 49℃, 50℃, etc.) for 20-40 min (e.g., 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, etc.), and then mix and stir with emulsifier, bile salt, lipase, antioxidant, and fat-soluble vitamin at 45-50℃ (e.g., 45℃, 46℃, 47℃, 48℃, 49℃, 50℃, etc.) for 10-20 min (e.g., 10 min, 12 min, 14 min, 16 min, 18 min, 20 min, etc.) to obtain a mixture;

[0040] (2) The mixture is subjected to a two-stage emulsification process to obtain an emulsion;

[0041] (3) Spray the emulsion onto the carrier material to form a solid powder, cool and sieve to obtain fat powder.

[0042] The core of the fat powder preparation method involved in this invention lies in first forming a stable oil phase system, and then achieving solidification through composite emulsification and carrier adsorption, so that the oil, vitamins and other components are uniformly loaded in the carrier, thereby improving product stability and feeding uniformity.

[0043] Thirdly, the present invention provides the use of the fat powder according to the first aspect in the preparation of products having any one or at least two of the following effects;

[0044] 1) Promote the growth of special aquatic animals; 2) Reduce the feed conversion ratio of special aquatic animals; 3) Improve the reproductive capacity of special aquatic animals; 4) Reduce the fishy smell of special aquatic animals; 5) Reduce the liver fat rate and abdominal fat rate of special aquatic animals; 6) Improve the fat digestibility of special aquatic animals; 7) Improve the stress resistance of special aquatic animals; 8) Promote the intestinal health of special aquatic animals.

[0045] All other unlisted point values ​​within the numerical range involved in this invention can be selected and are all within the protection scope of this invention, and will not be elaborated here.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] The fat powder involved in this invention is more suitable for the body fat deposition pathway of special aquatic animals, which is conducive to the targeted deposition of fat into muscle and body fat tissue, improving weight gain efficiency, reducing abdominal and liver fat deposition, and reducing the risk of fatty liver. At the same time, it reduces the fishy and earthy taste of traditional fish oil, making it more suitable for the breeding of special aquatic animals that are sensitive to flavor. It can enhance the body's energy supply capacity and adaptability during the domestication period, breeding period, or under stress, improve immunity, stress resistance and disease resistance, reduce mortality and culling rate, and is more suitable for complex breeding environments. It helps support parent breeding, and can improve spawning, fertilization, hatching and seedling survival performance, and is suitable for parent breeding and breeding stages. It can improve the intestinal microecology and digestive environment, improve palatability, reduce intestinal burden, and is conducive to long-term stable feeding. Nutrient absorption is more complete, lipid digestibility and absorption rate is improved, and overall nutritional efficiency is improved.

[0048] This invention is not a simple blended oil product, but a comprehensive functional fat powder built around the five major needs of special aquatic animals: growth, reproduction, stress resistance, intestinal health, and meat quality. It can simultaneously address multiple objectives such as "promoting growth, reducing fishy smell, enhancing stress resistance, promoting reproduction, protecting the intestines, and promoting absorption," and has obvious systematicity and uniqueness. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following describes the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0050] The table below shows the source information of some of the raw materials involved in the following embodiments and comparative examples:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This invention provides a fat powder, which is composed of the following components by weight: 58 parts of compound oil, 0.9 parts of emulsifier, 0.2 parts of feed-grade bile salts, 0.1 parts of lipase, 0.15 parts of antioxidant, 0.12 parts of vitamin, and 40.53 parts of carrier material;

[0055] The compound oil consists of 23 parts algal oil, 8 parts deep-sea fish oil, 10 parts rice bran oil, 7 parts palm oil extracted at 24℃, 5 parts refined coconut oil, 3 parts soybean lecithin and 2 parts medium-chain triglycerides by weight.

[0056] The emulsifier is a combination of glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate in a mass ratio of 2.4:1:4.

[0057] The antioxidants are a combination of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract in a mass ratio of 3.2:2:2.8:1:1.

[0058] The vitamins in this product are a combination of vitamin D3 microcapsule powder and vitamin A palmitate in a mass ratio of 7:3.

[0059] The carrier material is a combination of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal and fermented soybean meal in a mass ratio of 55:20:15.

[0060] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0061] (1) Add algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, palm oil extracted at 24°C, refined coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides and soybean lecithin to a reaction vessel with heating and stirring functions, heat to 48°C, stir for 30 minutes to make the oil phase uniformly mixed;

[0062] (2) Add emulsifier, bile salts, lipase, antioxidant, and fat-soluble vitamins in sequence, and continue stirring for 15 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion;

[0063] (3) The mixture is subjected to a two-stage emulsification process. The first stage of emulsification is carried out at 3.0 MPa and 25,000 rpm, and the second stage of emulsification is carried out at 20 MPa and 30,000 rpm to obtain a stable emulsion.

[0064] (4) Spray the emulsion onto the fermentation-type composite carrier to form a solid powder with good flowability;

[0065] (5) Cool, sieve and vacuum package to obtain the finished product.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] This invention provides a fat powder, which is composed of the following components by weight: 50 parts of compound oil, 0.6 parts of emulsifier, 0.35 parts of feed-grade bile salts, 0.05 parts of lipase, 0.12 parts of antioxidant, 0.1 parts of vitamin, and 43.78 parts of carrier material;

[0068] The compound oil consists of 21 parts algal oil, 9 parts deep-sea fish oil, 12 parts rice bran oil, 8 parts palm oil extracted at 24℃, 4 parts refined coconut oil, 4 parts soybean lecithin and 2 parts medium-chain triglycerides by weight.

[0069] The emulsifier is a combination of glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate in a mass ratio of 3:1:3.

[0070] The antioxidants are a combination of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract in a mass ratio of 4:3:2:2:1.

[0071] The vitamins in this product are a combination of vitamin D3 microcapsule powder and vitamin A palmitate in a mass ratio of 7.5:2.5.

[0072] The carrier material is a combination of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal and fermented soybean meal in a mass ratio of 65:25:8.

[0073] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0074] (1) Add algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, palm oil extracted at 24°C, refined coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides and soybean lecithin to a reaction vessel with heating and stirring functions, heat to 50°C, and stir for 25 minutes to make the oil phase evenly mixed.

[0075] (2) Add emulsifier, bile salts, lipase, antioxidant, and fat-soluble vitamins in sequence, and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion;

[0076] (3) The mixture is subjected to a two-stage emulsification process. The first stage of emulsification is carried out at 2.0 MPa and 30,000 rpm, and the second stage of emulsification is carried out at 25 MPa and 30,000 rpm to obtain a stable emulsion.

[0077] (4) Spray the emulsion onto the fermentation-type composite carrier to form a solid powder with good flowability;

[0078] (5) Cool, sieve and vacuum package to obtain the finished product.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] This invention provides a fat powder, which is composed of the following components by weight: 60 parts of compound oil, 1.2 parts of emulsifier, 0.15 parts of feed-grade bile salts, 0.15 parts of lipase, 0.2 parts of antioxidant, 0.18 parts of vitamin, and 38.12 parts of carrier material.

[0081] The compound oil consists of 25 parts by weight of algal oil, 16 parts of deep-sea fish oil, 14 parts of rice bran oil, 12 parts of palm oil extracted at 24℃, 8 parts of refined coconut oil, 7 parts of soybean lecithin, and 3 parts of medium-chain triglycerides.

[0082] The emulsifier is a combination of glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate in a mass ratio of 2:1:5.

[0083] The antioxidants are a combination of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract in a mass ratio of 2:1:4:1:1.

[0084] The vitamins in this product are a combination of vitamin D3 microcapsule powder and vitamin A palmitate in a mass ratio of 6.5:3.5.

[0085] The carrier material is a combination of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal and fermented soybean meal in a mass ratio of 45:12:15.

[0086] Its preparation method is as follows:

[0087] (1) Add algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, palm oil extracted at 24°C, refined coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides and soybean lecithin to a reaction vessel with heating and stirring functions, heat to 45°C, stir for 40 minutes to make the oil phase uniformly mixed;

[0088] (2) Add emulsifier, bile salts, lipase, antioxidant, and fat-soluble vitamins in sequence, and continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion;

[0089] (3) The mixture is subjected to a two-stage emulsification process. The first stage of emulsification is carried out at 3.0 MPa and 30,000 rpm, and the second stage of emulsification is carried out at 15 MPa and 25,000 rpm to obtain a stable emulsion.

[0090] (4) Spray the emulsion onto the fermentation-type composite carrier to form a solid powder with good flowability;

[0091] (5) Cool, sieve and vacuum package to obtain the finished product.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] This embodiment provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the emulsifier lacks glycoside esters, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Example 5

[0095] This embodiment provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the emulsifier lacks lysophosphatidylcholine, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of glycoside ester and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] This embodiment provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the emulsifier lacks polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of glycoside ester and lysophosphatidylcholine. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0098] Example 7

[0099] This embodiment provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the carrier material lacks fermented defatted rice bran meal, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of fermented corn germ meal and fermented soybean meal. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0100] Example 8

[0101] This embodiment provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the carrier material lacks fermented corn germ meal, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of fermented defatted rice bran meal and fermented soybean meal. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0102] Example 9

[0103] This embodiment provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the carrier material lacks fermented soybean meal, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of fermented defatted rice bran meal and fermented corn germ meal. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0104] Comparative Example 1

[0105] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the compound oil is replaced by 40 parts fish oil and 18 parts soybean oil by mass, while other components remain unchanged. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0106] Comparative Example 2

[0107] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the compound oil lacks refined coconut oil and medium-chain triglycerides, and the reduced weight parts are proportionally allocated to the weight parts of other oils. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0108] Comparative Example 3

[0109] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the compound oil lacks rice bran oil, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of fractionated palm oil and soybean lecithin. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0110] Comparative Example 4

[0111] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the compound oil lacks fractionated palm oil, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of rice bran oil and soybean lecithin. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 5

[0113] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that the compound oil lacks soybean lecithin, and the reduced weight portion is proportionally allocated to the weight portions of rice bran oil and fractionated palm oil. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0114] Comparative Example 6

[0115] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that it lacks bile salts, and the reduced weight portion is allocated to the weight portion of lipase. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0116] Comparative Example 7

[0117] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that it lacks lipase, and the reduced weight fraction is allocated to the weight fraction of bile salts. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0118] Comparative Example 8

[0119] This comparative example provides a fat powder whose composition differs from that of Example 1 only in that it lacks fat-soluble vitamins, while other components remain unchanged. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0120] Test Example 1

[0121] Large spiny loach adult fish farming experiment:

[0122] Two hundred and eighty healthy 3-year-old spiny loaches with an initial body weight of (50.2 ± 2.1 g) were randomly divided into seven groups, with two replicates per group and twenty fish per replicate. Each group was fed an equal amount of commercial adult fish feed supplemented with 4% of the fat powder prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3-5. The fish were fed for a total of 90 days. The growth performance, fat distribution, and meat odor (1-10 points, with lower scores indicating less muddy odor) of the adult spiny loaches from each group were then compared. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0123] Table 1

[0124]

[0125] As shown in Table 1, compared with the fat powders prepared in Comparative Examples 1-4, the fat powder involved in this invention combines seven specific oils: algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, 24°C fractionated palm oil, refined coconut oil, soybean lecithin, and medium-chain triglycerides. Compared with the fish oil and soybean oil components commonly used in traditional fat powders, this combination makes the fatty acid structure more suitable for the metabolic characteristics of special aquatic animals, promoting the directional deposition of fat into muscle tissue, increasing growth rate, reducing abnormal accumulation of abdominal and liver fat, and reducing the earthy taste in the meat of special aquatic animals. Furthermore, rice bran oil, fractionated palm oil, and soybean lecithin, as a common oil framework, can synergistically maintain the structural and efficacy stability of the fat powder, further enhancing the aforementioned effects.

[0126] Test Example 2

[0127] Large spiny loach broodstock culture experiment:

[0128] Two hundred and eighty 3-year-old broodstock (females 180-220g, males 150-200g), with a female-to-male ratio of 1:1.5, were randomly divided into seven groups, with two replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate (8 females, 12 males). Each group was fed an equal amount of commercial adult fish feed supplemented with 4% of the fat powder prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3-5. After 45 days of intensive rearing, artificial spawning was induced using DOM 5 mg / kg + LHRH-A2 10 μg / kg, followed by dry insemination and micro-flow incubation. The reproductive performance of the broodstock in each group was then compared, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0129] Table 2

[0130]

[0131] As shown in Table 2, compared with the fat powders prepared in Comparative Examples 1-4, the fat powder involved in this invention combines seven specific oils: algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, 24℃ fractionated palm oil, refined coconut oil, soybean lecithin, and medium-chain triglycerides. Compared with the fish oil and soybean oil components commonly used in traditional fat powders, this combination makes the fatty acid structure more suitable for the metabolic characteristics of special aquatic animals, promoting gonadal development, increasing egg production and fertilization rate, and improving reproductive capacity. Furthermore, rice bran oil, fractionated palm oil, and soybean lecithin, as a common oil skeleton, can synergistically maintain the structural and efficacy stability of the fat powder, further enhancing the aforementioned effects.

[0132] Test Example 3

[0133] Mandarin fish farming experiment:

[0134] Two hundred and forty healthy mandarin fish with an initial body weight of (105.3 ± 4.5 g) were randomly divided into six groups, with two replicates per group and twenty fish per replicate. Each group was fed an equal amount of mandarin fish farming feed containing 4% fat powder, as described in Examples 1-3 and 7-9. The fish were cultured for 60 days, and the effects on intestinal health and growth were observed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0135] Table 3

[0136]

[0137] As shown in Table 3, the carrier material used in the fat powder of this invention is not a simple inert filler, but a functional carrier that combines adsorption, solidification, gut-friendly properties, and feed processing adaptability. This improves the intestinal morphology of mandarin fish, increases intestinal lipase activity, and thus enhances growth performance. Furthermore, fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal, and fermented soybean meal exhibit synergistic effects in improving gut health.

[0138] Test Example 4

[0139] Snakehead fish farming experiment:

[0140] Two hundred and forty healthy snakehead fish with an initial body weight of (162.4 ± 5.4 g) were randomly divided into four groups, with two replicates per group and thirty fish per replicate. Each group was fed an equal amount of snakehead farming feed containing 3% fat powder, as described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2. The fish were raised for 45 days, and the effect on their stress resistance was observed. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0141] Table 4

[0142]

[0143] As shown in Table 4, compared with the fat powder product of Comparative Example 2, the refined coconut oil and medium-chain triglycerides added to the fat powder involved in this invention can not only provide energy quickly, but also improve the non-specific immunity and stress resistance of special aquatic animals, reduce the mortality rate after stress, and shorten the feeding recovery time and morbidity.

[0144] Test Example 5

[0145] Yellow eel farming experiment:

[0146] Two hundred healthy swamp eels with an initial body weight of (33.6±1.9g) were randomly divided into four groups, with two replicates per group and 25 eels per replicate. Each group was fed an equal amount of swamp eel farming feed with a fat powder content of 5% (Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 8). The eels were cultured for 60 days, and the effects on growth performance and bone calcium content were observed. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0147] Table 5

[0148]

[0149] As shown in Table 5, compared with the fat powder product of Comparative Example 8, the vitamins added to the fat powder involved in this invention can increase bone calcium content and survival rate.

[0150] Test Example 6

[0151] Chinese soft-shelled turtle farming experiment:

[0152] One hundred and twenty healthy Chinese soft-shelled turtles with an initial body weight of (212.5 ± 8.7 g) were randomly divided into six groups, with two replicates per group and ten turtles per replicate. Each group was fed an equal amount of Chinese soft-shelled turtle farming feed containing 4% of the fat powder prepared in Examples 1, 4-6, and 6-7. The turtles were raised for 75 days, and the effect on fat digestibility was observed. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0153] Table 6

[0154]

[0155] As shown in Table 6, compared with the fat powder products of Comparative Examples 6-7, the fat powder involved in this invention simultaneously adds emulsifiers, bile salts, and lipases. These three components integrate emulsification, bile acid absorption enhancement, and lipase decomposition into a single system, significantly improving the utilization rate of fat in special aquatic animals. This is particularly suitable for the physiological characteristics of special aquatic animals, such as short digestive tracts and low fat utilization. Furthermore, a comparison of the data from Example 1 with Examples 4-6 shows that when the emulsifier is a combination of glycoside esters, lysophosphatidylcholine, and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate, the emulsification effect on the complex fats is better, further improving the absorption and utilization efficiency of the complex fats by special aquatic animals.

[0156] The applicant declares that the technical solution of this invention is illustrated by the above embodiments, but this invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that this invention must rely on the above embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this invention, equivalent substitutions of raw materials for the products of this invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of this invention.

[0157] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0158] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

Claims

1. A fat powder for the aquaculture of special aquatic animals, characterized in that, The composition of the fat powder includes: compound oils, emulsifiers, bile salts, lipases, antioxidants, fat-soluble vitamins, and carrier materials; The compound oil is composed of algal oil, deep-sea fish oil, rice bran oil, palm oil extracted at 24°C, refined coconut oil, soybean lecithin, and medium-chain triglycerides.

2. The fat powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition of the fat powder, by mass parts, includes: 50-60 parts of compound oil, 0.5-1.4 parts of emulsifier, 0.1-0.5 parts of bile salt, 0.05-0.15 parts of lipase, 0.1-0.2 parts of antioxidant, 0.05-0.2 parts of vitamin, and 40-50 parts of carrier material; Preferably, the compound oil is composed of 20-25 parts by weight of algal oil, 8-16 parts by weight of deep-sea fish oil, 10-15 parts by weight of rice bran oil, 5-15 parts by weight of palm oil extracted at 24°C, 4-10 parts by weight of refined coconut oil, 3-7 parts by weight of soybean lecithin and 1-3 parts by weight of medium-chain triglycerides.

3. The fat powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of algal oil to deep-sea fish oil is (2-4):1, preferably (2.5-3.5):1; Preferably, the algal oil is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of the following: *Schizochytrium* oil, *Cryptodinium coeruleus* oil, or *Microcystis spp.* oil. Preferably, the DHA content of the algal oil is 30-60%, more preferably 40-55%.

4. The fat powder according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The emulsifier includes any one or a combination of at least two of glycoside esters, lysophosphatidylcholine, or polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate. Preferably, the emulsifier is a combination of glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine, and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate; Preferably, the mass ratio of the glycoside ester, lysophosphatidylcholine and polyethylene glycol glycerol ricinoleate is (2-3):1:(3-5).

5. The fat powder according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The antioxidants include any one or a combination of at least two of the following: tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, or rosemary extract; Preferably, the antioxidant is a combination of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E, and rosemary extract; Preferably, the mass ratio of tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, tea polyphenols, vitamin E and rosemary extract is (2-4):(1-3):(2-4):(1-2):

1.

6. The fat powder according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The fat-soluble vitamins include: vitamin D or its esters and / or vitamin A or its esters; Preferably, the mass ratio of vitamin D or its ester to vitamin A or its ester is 4:1-3:

2.

7. The fat powder according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The carrier material includes any one or a combination of at least two of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal, or fermented soybean meal. Preferably, the carrier material is a combination of fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal, and fermented soybean meal; Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermented defatted rice bran meal, fermented corn germ meal and fermented soybean meal is (45-65):(12-25):(8-15).

8. The fat powder according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The special aquatic animals include: large spiny loach, mandarin fish, snakehead, yellow eel, and soft-shelled turtle.

9. The method for preparing fat powder according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Mix and stir each raw material of the compound oil at 45-50℃ for 20-40 min, and then mix and stir with emulsifier, bile salt, lipase, antioxidant and fat-soluble vitamin at 45-50℃ for 10-20 min to obtain a mixture; (2) The mixture is subjected to a two-stage emulsification process to obtain an emulsion; (3) Spray the emulsion onto the carrier material to form a solid powder, cool and sieve to obtain fat powder.

10. The use of the fat powder according to any one of claims 1-8 in the preparation of a product having any one or at least two of the following effects; 1) Promote the growth of special aquatic animals; 2) Reduce the feed conversion ratio of special aquatic animals; 3) Improve the reproductive capacity of special aquatic animals; 4) Reduce the fishy smell of special aquatic animals; 5) Reduce the liver fat rate and abdominal fat rate of special aquatic animals; 6) Improve the fat digestibility of special aquatic animals; 7) Improve the stress resistance of special aquatic animals; 8) Promote the intestinal health of special aquatic animals.

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