Seismic data acquisition remote real-time quality control method and system based on lightweight communication

Abstract

The application is suitable for the field of seismic exploration instrument and wireless communication technology, and provides a seismic data acquisition remote real-time quality control method and system based on light communication, which comprises a seismic data acquisition unit, a light communication module, a main control unit, a collection process and a communication process which are independent of each other, the collection process is used for writing the seismic waveform data collected by the seismic data acquisition unit into a local storage medium and generating channel state data reflecting the collection quality during the collection process, the communication process is used for reporting the real-time state data to a remote server at a configurable period, the communication process is also used for receiving the remote control command issued by the remote server, and after being analyzed and verified, the communication process is used for transmitting the remote control command to the collection process for execution, and the communication process is also used for controlling the light communication module to automatically switch between multiple communication working modes. The application realizes the functions of long-term low-power standby, abnormal autonomous reporting, remote real-time interaction and large batch data uploading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic exploration instruments and wireless communication technology, and particularly relates to a remote real-time quality control method and system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication. Background Technology

[0002] Field seismic data acquisition equipment faces two typical communication requirements: real-time data transmission and large-scale data uploading. Traditional blind acquisition nodes lack real-time data transmission and quality control capabilities, wired telemetry seismographs are costly and difficult to deploy, while 5G-based seismographs face bottlenecks such as excessive power consumption and difficulty in long-term continuous operation under battery power.

[0003] The 5G RedCap (5G Lightweight) standard defined in 3GPP R17, while retaining the advantages of the 5G core network architecture, removes high-power features such as millimeter wave and massive MIMO, providing a technical foundation for balancing continuous online connectivity and high-speed transmission. However, due to the physical operating mechanism of the communication module, low power consumption, low latency, and high speed cannot be simultaneously achieved on the same module—data cannot be transmitted when the module is in deep sleep, power consumption increases significantly during full-speed transmission, and maintaining low-latency interaction prevents it from entering sleep mode.

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to overcome the inherent trade-offs between low power consumption, low latency, and high speed through system architecture design on a single 5G RedCap communication module, so as to achieve remote quality management of seismic acquisition equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a remote real-time quality control method and system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: a remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, comprising:

[0007] The seismic data acquisition unit is used to acquire multi-component seismic waveform data;

[0008] A lightweight communication module for wireless communication with a remote server;

[0009] The main control unit is connected to the lightweight communication module; the main control unit runs independent acquisition processes and communication processes, which communicate with each other through shared memory.

[0010] The acquisition process is used to write the seismic waveform data acquired by the seismic data acquisition unit into the local storage medium, and to generate channel status data reflecting the acquisition quality during the acquisition process.

[0011] The communication process is used to report real-time status data to the remote server at configurable intervals; the real-time status data includes power status, positioning status, channel status data, local storage status, and system abnormal status; the communication process is also used to receive remote control commands issued by the remote server, and after parsing and verification, pass them to the acquisition process for execution through the shared memory; the communication process is also used to control the lightweight communication module to automatically switch between multiple communication working modes based on the current transmission task requirements, abnormal flags, and idle time, according to preset migration judgment rules.

[0012] Furthermore, the lightweight communication module is a cellular communication module compatible with the 3GPP R17 lightweight standard.

[0013] Furthermore, the shared memory is divided into four logical channels: a command channel, a waveform data channel, a status channel, and a heartbeat channel. Each channel is equipped with an independent semaphore for access synchronization. The remote control commands are transmitted between the communication process and the acquisition process through the command channel. The remote control commands include sampling rate configuration, gain configuration, filter configuration, and trigger threshold configuration.

[0014] Furthermore, the various communication operating modes specifically include:

[0015] Standby mode: The RF transceiver link of the lightweight communication module is periodically shut down or enters an extended discontinuous reception state. The heartbeat data is triggered by the timer according to the first configurable period. After the heartbeat is sent, the RF shutdown or extended discontinuous reception state is restored.

[0016] Online mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connection state, reports device status information according to the second configurable period, and receives control commands issued by the administrator in real time;

[0017] Enhanced mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connection state. When the acquisition process detects a preset abnormal condition, it will automatically trigger and continuously push abnormal diagnostic information at a frequency higher than that in standby mode. If the lightweight communication module is in a sleep state when it is triggered, it will first be restored to the network connection state.

[0018] Batch mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connection state and transmits waveform data or firmware data at a preset maximum rate.

[0019] Furthermore, the standby mode supports two optional schemes: Scheme 1 is complete RF shutdown; Scheme 2 is extended discontinuous reception, in which the lightweight communication module's RF periodically goes into sleep or wakes up to maintain network registration status; the period of the extended discontinuous reception is configurable within the range of 5.12 seconds to 10485 seconds; the scheme selection and extended discontinuous reception period configuration are executed through the communication process according to the real-time requirements of the monitoring task and the remaining power.

[0020] The communication process is also used to detect the operation status and physical carrier status of the network interface corresponding to the lightweight communication module to determine the link connectivity, and to detect the network layer connectivity and round-trip latency by sending network probe packets to a preset public network address; when the link or network layer is continuously unavailable, the first configurable period is adaptively extended.

[0021] Furthermore, in the online mode, waveform data segments of a specified channel and time range are retrieved through the lightweight communication module for remote quality analysis.

[0022] Furthermore, the rules for determining the migration of the communication working mode specifically include:

[0023] When the acquisition process detects a preset abnormal condition during standby, the lightweight communication module will automatically upgrade from standby mode to enhanced mode; when the abnormality is eliminated and no administrator takes over within a preset waiting time, the lightweight communication module will automatically return from enhanced mode to standby mode.

[0024] When a takeover command is received from the administrator via a remote server, the lightweight communication module is switched to online mode; when the administrator completes the operation and the idle time exceeds a preset threshold, the lightweight communication module is restored from online mode to standby mode.

[0025] When a batch transmission command is received, the lightweight communication module is switched to batch mode; when the batch transmission task is completed, the lightweight communication module is restored to online mode or standby mode.

[0026] Furthermore, the system abnormal states in the real-time status data are represented in the form of bitmasks, including the following abnormality types: analog-to-digital converter hardware abnormality, analog-to-digital converter synchronization abnormality, low battery voltage, positioning module connection failure, positioning failure, sensor failure, analog channel failure, insufficient storage medium space, storage medium read / write error, communication link disconnection, data buffer overflow, and system reset; any abnormality type flag bit flip will trigger the communication process to re-execute the communication working mode migration judgment.

[0027] Furthermore, the communication process adaptively adjusts the data transmission rate during data transmission using a sliding window mechanism. The window size is dynamically adjusted based on the backlog of the data buffer to be transmitted, signal quality, and round-trip delay. The window size dynamically changes between a preset minimum window and a preset maximum window: when in status upload mode, the rate is forcibly limited to the minimum window. Status upload mode refers to a lightweight communication state that only needs to transmit heartbeat data and status information, without transmitting waveform data or firmware. When the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold, the transmission window is reduced. When the backlog of data to be transmitted exceeds a preset high watermark, the window is reduced, and when it is lower than a preset low watermark, the window is increased.

[0028] The communication process is also used to periodically query the signal quality information and the current network type of the lightweight communication module, normalize the query results and provide them to the acquisition process and report them together with the real-time status data. It is also used to assist in the migration judgment of the communication working mode and the adaptive adjustment of the sliding window mechanism.

[0029] Another objective of this invention is to provide a remote real-time quality control method for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, which is achieved through the aforementioned remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, specifically including the following steps:

[0030] The seismic data acquisition unit is initialized through the acquisition process, enters the seismic waveform data acquisition state, writes the acquired seismic waveform data into the local storage medium, and generates channel status data reflecting the acquisition quality.

[0031] The lightweight communication module is initialized through the communication process to establish a transport layer connection with the remote server;

[0032] The acquisition process performs status aggregation in each acquisition cycle, collecting real-time status data from multiple dimensions including power, positioning, acquisition quality, network and system operation. Anomaly flags are generated in the form of bitmasks, assembled into fixed-length heartbeat data packets, and transmitted to the communication process through shared memory.

[0033] The heartbeat data packets are read from the shared memory at configurable intervals through the communication process and sent to the remote server through the lightweight communication module.

[0034] The communication process receives remote control commands from the remote server, parses and verifies them, then passes them to the acquisition process for execution via shared memory, and sends the execution results back to the remote server.

[0035] The communication process performs a migration judgment of the communication working mode in each working cycle based on the current transmission task type, abnormal flag and idle time. When the upgrade conditions are met, the lightweight communication module is automatically upgraded from low power constraint mode to high power constraint mode. When the downgrade conditions are met, the lightweight communication module is automatically downgraded from high power constraint mode to low power constraint mode.

[0036] The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication provided by this invention utilizes the characteristics of low standby power consumption, low latency, and high uplink speed of the lightweight communication module, as well as eDRX capability. Under the decoupled dual-process architecture of acquisition and communication, it overcomes the inherent trade-off between low power consumption, low latency, and high speed by hierarchical scheduling of multiple communication working modes, power efficiency optimization of sliding window, and bitmask state aggregation. It achieves the unified functions of long-term low-power monitoring, autonomous anomaly reporting, remote real-time interaction, and large-volume data uploading. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 The following is a state transition diagram for four communication working modes provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the sliding window flow control algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication is provided, including a remote server and multiple seismic data acquisition devices; each seismic data acquisition device specifically includes:

[0044] The seismic data acquisition unit includes a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADS1285) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for acquiring multi-component seismic waveform data;

[0045] A lightweight communication module for wireless communication with a remote server;

[0046] The main control unit runs an embedded operating system and is connected to the lightweight communication module. The main control unit has independent acquisition processes and communication processes running on it, and the two communicate with each other through shared memory.

[0047] The acquisition process is used to write the seismic waveform data acquired by the seismic data acquisition unit into a local storage medium (such as an SD card), and to generate channel status data reflecting the acquisition quality during the acquisition process.

[0048] The communication process is used to report real-time status data to the remote server at configurable intervals; the real-time status data includes power status, positioning status, channel status data, local storage status, and system abnormal status; the communication process is also used to receive remote control commands issued by the remote server, and after parsing and verification, pass them to the acquisition process for execution through the shared memory; the communication process is also used to control the lightweight communication module to automatically switch between multiple communication working modes based on the current transmission task requirements, abnormal flags, and idle time, according to preset migration judgment rules.

[0049] In practical applications, the system provided in this embodiment of the invention is applicable to deployment areas already covered by 5G base stations. Under this premise, the system achieves remote quality management through software configuration of four communication operating modes. The aforementioned lightweight communication module is a 5G lightweight (5G RedCap) communication module, specifically a cellular communication module compatible with the 3GPP R17 lightweight standard. The acquisition process reads data acquired by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via a bus and communicates with the field-programmable gate array (FPGA), writes waveform data to the local storage medium in a predefined format, and checks the ADC signal status, data frame continuity, channel synchronization flag, drive buffer usage, positioning status, and battery voltage in each acquisition cycle, generating an exception flag in bitmask form and writing it to shared memory. The communication process manages the RF status and operating mode of the 5G RedCap communication module through a control command port and communicates with a remote server via a transport layer network through a standard network programming interface.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shared memory is divided into four logical channels: a command channel, a waveform data channel, a status channel, and a heartbeat channel. Each channel is equipped with an independent semaphore for access synchronization. The remote control command is transmitted between the communication process and the acquisition process through the command channel. The remote control command includes sampling rate configuration, gain configuration, filter configuration, and trigger threshold configuration.

[0051] The steps for transmitting remote control commands are as follows: (1) The remote server sends a control data packet; (2) The communication process receives, parses, and verifies the data; (3) The communication process writes the command code and parameters into the shared memory command channel and sets the written flag; (4) The acquisition process polls the command channel in a non-blocking manner in the main loop, reads the command after detecting the written flag, and distributes the execution according to the command code; (5) After the acquisition process completes the execution, it writes the execution result into the response area of ​​the command channel and sets the executed flag; (6) After the communication process polls and detects the executed flag, it sends the execution result back to the remote server.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system defines four communication operating modes: standby, enhanced, online, and batch, as well as seven migration paths between them. Figure 2 Four rectangles represent four modes, with the mode name labeled inside each rectangle. Directed arrows between the status boxes indicate the transition direction and trigger condition. Specifically, the four communication modes include:

[0053] 1. Standby Mode (Device Default Mode): The RF transceiver link of the lightweight communication module is periodically shut down or enters an extended discontinuous reception state. The heartbeat data transmission is triggered by a timer according to the first configurable period. After the heartbeat transmission is completed, the RF shutdown or extended discontinuous reception state is restored. The standby mode supports two optional schemes: Scheme 1 is complete RF shutdown (i.e., flight mode standby), with only the Universal Serial Bus physical layer maintaining power supply. The module power consumption is less than 5 milliwatts. The timer is triggered according to the first configurable period: first, it exits flight mode standby, then searches for and registers the network (about 15 to 40 seconds), then establishes a transport layer connection and sends a heartbeat packet. After waiting for a preset time to receive possible server commands, it re-enters flight mode standby. Option 2 is extended discontinuous reception (eDRX standby); the lightweight communication module enters extended discontinuous reception mode (the period of extended discontinuous reception is configurable within the range of 5.12 seconds to 10485 seconds; this embodiment uses an 81.92-second period as an example), and the radio frequency periodically sleeps or wakes up (power consumption approximately 50 milliwatts), always maintaining network registration status. The transport layer connection can be rebuilt within seconds after waking up. When a heartbeat is triggered, it can send directly without searching for a network and registering. The remote takeover delay is the remaining waiting time of the eDRX period (maximum 81.92 seconds). The selection of the option and the configuration of the extended discontinuous reception period are decided by the remote administrator based on the real-time requirements of the monitoring task and the remaining power, and are executed through the aforementioned communication process.

[0054] II. Online Mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network-connected state, reporting device status information according to the second configurable cycle and receiving control commands issued by the administrator in real time. In online mode, the administrator can use the lightweight communication module to retrieve waveform data segments of specified channels and time ranges for remote quality analysis. Specifically, when the administrator enters the online mode by issuing an access command or takeover command through a remote server, the lightweight communication module maintains full functionality and a continuous network connection. The administrator can issue control commands in real time, retrieve waveform data for analysis, clear anomaly flags, or adjust parameters. After processing is completed, when the idle time exceeds a preset threshold, the module returns to standby mode.

[0055] III. Enhanced Mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network-connected state. When the data acquisition process detects a preset abnormal condition, it automatically triggers, continuously pushing abnormal diagnostic information at a higher frequency than in standby mode. If the lightweight communication module is in a dormant state when triggered, it will first be restored to a network-connected state. After entering enhanced mode, the lightweight communication module continuously pushes abnormal alarms and diagnostic data to the remote server at a second-level interval. If the abnormality resolves itself and no administrator takes over within a preset waiting time, the lightweight communication module automatically returns from enhanced mode to standby mode.

[0056] IV. Batch Mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connected state and transmits waveform data or firmware data at a preset maximum rate. Specifically, it enters this mode when the administrator issues a batch transmission command, and the lightweight communication module transmits data in full-function mode and at the maximum available rate. After the transmission is completed, it returns to online mode or standby mode.

[0057] In summary, the specific rules for determining the migration of the above communication working modes include:

[0058] When the acquisition process detects a preset abnormal condition during standby, the lightweight communication module will automatically upgrade from standby mode to enhanced mode; when the abnormality is eliminated and no administrator takes over within a preset waiting time, the lightweight communication module will automatically return from enhanced mode to standby mode.

[0059] When a takeover command is received from the administrator via a remote server, the lightweight communication module is switched to online mode; when the administrator completes the operation and the idle time exceeds a preset threshold, the lightweight communication module is restored from online mode to standby mode.

[0060] When a batch transmission command is received, the lightweight communication module is switched to batch mode; when the batch transmission task is completed, the lightweight communication module is restored to online mode or standby mode.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the abnormal system status in the real-time status data is represented in the form of a bitmask, including the following abnormal types: analog-to-digital converter hardware abnormality, analog-to-digital converter synchronization abnormality, low battery voltage, positioning module connection failure, positioning failure, sensor failure, analog channel failure, insufficient storage medium space, storage medium read / write error, communication link disconnection, data buffer overflow, and system reset; any abnormal type flag bit flipping will trigger the communication process to re-execute the communication working mode migration judgment.

[0062] In practical applications, the real-time status data reporting path is as follows: The acquisition process updates power, positioning status, channel status, and storage status data and writes them to the shared memory status channel. The communication process reads this data periodically according to the current mode, assembles it into status data packets, and sends them to the remote server via a TCP connection. The abnormal alarm push path is as follows: The acquisition process sets an abnormal flag. Upon detection, if the communication process is currently in standby mode, it first wakes up the lightweight communication module, then establishes a connection and sends an abnormal alarm packet, entering enhanced mode for continuous push.

[0063] The implementation framework of this invention has been described above from three aspects: system architecture, communication working mode, and migration judgment rules. Under this framework, data transmission rate control and inter-process data exchange are two fundamental mechanisms to ensure stable system operation, which will be explained below in conjunction with the sliding window flow control algorithm and the shared memory synchronization mechanism, respectively.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on a sliding window flow control algorithm, the communication process adaptively adjusts the data transmission rate during data transmission through a sliding window mechanism. The window size is dynamically adjusted according to the backlog of the data buffer to be transmitted, signal quality, and round-trip delay. The window size dynamically changes between a preset minimum window and a preset maximum window: when in state upload mode, the rate is forcibly limited to the minimum window. The state upload mode refers to a lightweight communication state that only needs to transmit heartbeat data and status information and does not need to transmit waveform data or firmware. When the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold, the transmission window is reduced. When the backlog of data to be transmitted exceeds a preset high watermark, the window is reduced, and when it is lower than a preset low watermark, the window is increased.

[0065] See Figure 3 The specific implementation of the sliding window flow control algorithm is as follows:

[0066] The communication process maintains a window variable W, ranging from 1 to 8, and performs adaptive adjustment every 1000 milliseconds. The adjustment is based on three input parameters: data buffer backlog percentage B, normalized signal strength S, and round-trip time R. The adjustment rules are as follows:

[0067] When the communication process starts, the window variable W is initialized to the preset median value of 4 (or the maximum value of 8). When the communication process only needs to transmit heartbeat data and status information, and does not need to transmit waveform data or firmware, W is forced to take the minimum value of 1.

[0068] The normalized signal strength S is obtained by linearly mapping the signal quality value (0-31) returned by AT+CSQ query to the range of 0-100, i.e., S = (CSQ value / 31) × 100. Correspondingly, the weak signal threshold of 25 is equivalent to a CSQ value of about 7-8, at which point the wireless link is prone to intermittent or slowed down.

[0069] The data buffer backlog percentage B is defined as: B = (Number of bytes of data to be sent / Total capacity of the send buffer) × 100%. The data to be sent includes two parts: waveform data buffer and status data buffer. Specific adjustment steps include:

[0070] (1) If B exceeds the high water level threshold (70%), W decreases by 1 and the continuous congestion counter C increases by 1; if B is below the low water level threshold (30%), W increases by 1 and C is reset to zero.

[0071] (2) If S is lower than the weak signal threshold (normalized value 25), W decreases by 1.

[0072] (3) If R exceeds the high latency threshold (500 milliseconds), W takes half of the current value and is rounded down.

[0073] (4) If the continuous congestion counter C exceeds 5, backoff is triggered, and W is forced to take the smaller value between 2 and the current W.

[0074] (5) After the above adjustment, if W is less than 1, take 1; if W is greater than 8, take 8.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronization mechanism for shared memory is as follows:

[0076] Each of the four logical channels (command channel, waveform data channel, status channel, and heartbeat channel) is equipped with an independent semaphore. The writer acquires write access via the semaphore's P operation (semop, SEM_UNDO flag), and releases it via the V operation after writing. The reader acquires read access in the same way and releases it after reading. These four semaphores ensure that only one process accesses the shared memory area of ​​the corresponding channel at any given time, preventing read-write conflicts. Building upon semaphores, the command channel further employs a double-flag handshake mechanism to address the timing issue of "the writer not knowing when the reader will retrieve the data."

[0077] (1) The communication process acquires write permission to the command channel through the semaphore P operation, writes the command code and parameters to the command channel, executes a memory barrier to ensure that the data writing is visible to the acquisition process, sets the first byte of the channel to the first flag value (0xA5), and finally releases the semaphore through the V operation. The first byte of the channel being 0xA5 indicates that the command has been written and is waiting for the acquisition process to read it.

[0078] (2) The acquisition process polls the first byte of the command channel in the main loop using a 10-millisecond timeout non-blocking method. After detecting that the first byte is 0xA5, it obtains read permission through the semaphore P operation, reads the command and distributes it for execution. After execution, it updates the first byte of the channel to the second flag value (0x5A) and releases the semaphore through the V operation. The first byte of the channel being 0x5A indicates that the command has been executed.

[0079] (3) The communication process polls to check if the first byte has changed to 0x5A within a 5-second timeout. After detecting 0x5A, it obtains read permission through the semaphore P operation, reads the response data in the command channel, releases the semaphore, and sends the response to the remote server. If 0x5A is not detected within 5 seconds, it is determined to be a timeout. The communication process records the timeout error, marks the command as failed, and reports it to the upper-layer protocol.

[0080] (4) This mechanism enables bidirectional data exchange between the acquisition process and the communication process under the condition of no lock contention.

[0081] In another embodiment of the present invention, a remote real-time quality control method for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication is also provided, which is implemented through the above-mentioned system and specifically includes the following steps:

[0082] S1. The seismic data acquisition unit is initialized through the acquisition process, and the seismic waveform data acquisition state is entered. The acquired seismic waveform data is written to the local storage medium and channel status data reflecting the acquisition quality is generated.

[0083] S2. Initialize the lightweight communication module through the communication process, power on the lightweight communication module by controlling the power supply enable terminal, detect the control command port of the lightweight communication module and confirm that the lightweight communication module is ready, load the network driver to make the lightweight communication module behave as a standard network interface, and establish a transport layer connection with the remote server.

[0084] S3. The acquisition process performs status aggregation in each acquisition cycle, and collects real-time status data from multiple dimensions including power supply, positioning, acquisition quality, network and system operation. Anomaly flags are generated in the form of bitmasks, assembled into fixed-length heartbeat data packets and transmitted to the communication process through shared memory.

[0085] S4. The heartbeat data packet is read from the shared memory at a configurable period through the communication process and sent to the remote server through the lightweight communication module;

[0086] S5. The communication process receives remote control commands from the remote server, parses and verifies them, writes the command code and parameters into the command channel in shared memory and sets a written flag; the acquisition process polls the command channel in a non-blocking manner in the main loop, reads the command and distributes it for execution after detecting the written flag, writes a response and sets an executed flag after execution is completed; the communication process sends the execution result back to the remote server after detecting the response.

[0087] S6. The communication process performs a migration judgment of the communication working mode in each working cycle based on the current transmission task type, abnormal flag and idle time. When the upgrade conditions are met, the lightweight communication module is automatically upgraded from low power constraint mode to high power constraint mode. When the downgrade conditions are met, the lightweight communication module is automatically downgraded from high power constraint mode to low power constraint mode.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above method further includes the following steps:

[0089] The communication process adaptively adjusts the data transmission rate based on the current transmission mode and signal quality through a sliding window mechanism. When in status upload mode, the rate is forcibly limited to the minimum window size. Status upload mode refers to a lightweight communication state that only needs to transmit heartbeat data and status information, without transmitting waveform data or firmware. When the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold, the transmission window is reduced. When the backlog of data to be transmitted exceeds a preset high watermark, the window is reduced, and when it is lower than a preset low watermark, the window is increased.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above method further includes the following steps: the communication process periodically queries the signal quality information of the lightweight communication module and the current network standard type, normalizes the query results and provides them to the acquisition process and incorporates them into the real-time status data for reporting, while also assisting in the judgment of communication working mode migration and the adaptive adjustment of the sliding window mechanism.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above method further includes the following steps: the communication process detects the operation status and physical carrier status of the network interface corresponding to the lightweight communication module to determine the link connectivity, and sends network probe packets to a preset public network address to detect network layer connectivity and round-trip latency; when the link or network layer is continuously unavailable, the first configurable period is adaptively extended to reduce the energy consumption of invalid network search.

[0092] The complete workflow of the present invention is further illustrated below with two specific embodiments in practical applications.

[0093] Example 1: Long-term natural earthquake monitoring scenario: See Figure 4 Several broadband seismic recorders are deployed in the target monitoring area. The equipment is preset for long-term monitoring and initially operates in standby mode. After power-on, the acquisition process initializes the analog-to-digital converter and FPGA, configures the sampling rate to 100sps, and enters continuous data acquisition mode, writing waveform data to the local SD card. The communication process puts the 5G RedCap communication module into sleep mode and disables the radio frequency. A timer triggers a wake-up sequence every 5 minutes, sending a heartbeat packet before resuming sleep mode.

[0094] On the 15th day of deployment, the acquisition process detected three consecutive timeouts in reading ADC data from channel 1 during the acquisition loop. It then set the "ADC channel hardware fault" flag and wrote it to the shared memory status channel. When the communication process next polled the shared memory, it detected a non-zero fault flag (the acquisition process notifies the communication process via semaphore after each status channel update). It then autonomously executed the following: it restarted the RF module via AT commands, searched for and registered the network and established a TCP connection, and sent an fault alarm packet. The alarm packet contained the fault type "ADC channel hardware fault," channel number 1, timestamp of the current system time, and a status snapshot including current battery voltage, GPS status, and FIFO usage for each channel. After sending, it entered enhanced mode, continuously pushing diagnostic data for channel 1 at 1-second intervals.

[0095] The total latency from anomaly detection to alarm issuance is approximately the module's network registration time (15 to 30 seconds). After receiving the real-time alarm on the remote server, the administrator clicks the "Take Over" button through the management interface. The remote server issues a takeover command using the device's currently maintained TCP connection. Upon receiving the command, the device's communication process switches from enhanced mode to online mode. The administrator obtains the device's real-time status through the 5G low-latency link and selectively retrieves waveform data segments from the most recent 60 seconds of channel 1 for analysis. Analysis determines that the data read timeout is caused by external electromagnetic interference, not a permanent hardware fault. The administrator issues a command to clear the anomaly flag, which the device's acquisition process executes and clears the anomaly flag to zero. The administrator then issues a command to restore standby mode. After confirming that the anomaly flag remains zero and the idle time exceeds a preset value, the device's communication process uses AT commands to put the module into hibernation mode, restoring standby mode.

[0096] Example 2, Intensive Artificial Seismic Exploration Scenario: See Figure 5Hundreds of identical devices were deployed in the target area to form a data acquisition array, with the devices spaced tens of meters apart, and the deployment period was approximately two weeks. The devices were pre-configured for a dense exploration scenario, initially operating in online mode. After powering on, the communication process set the 5G RedCap communication module to online mode to maintain network connectivity and report device status to the remote server every 3 seconds. The administrator monitored the real-time operating status of all devices on the remote server (number of online devices, battery level of each device, GPS lock status, ADC channel status).

[0097] Before the seismic source is activated, the administrator broadcasts a "switch to batch mode" command to all online devices in the array via a remote server. Upon receiving the command, each device's communication process transmits it to the acquisition process via a shared memory command channel for confirmation, switching to batch mode and transmitting waveform data at the maximum uplink rate supported by the 5G RedCap communication module. After the seismic source is activated, each device uploads the acquired seismic waveform data to the remote server in real time via the 5G network. Leveraging the advantages of 5G cellular networks in uplink scheduling stability and low packet loss rate, the reliability of simultaneous uploads from hundreds of devices in the dense array is ensured.

[0098] After the day's exploration work is completed, the administrator broadcasts a "Restore Online Mode" command via the remote server, switching the equipment back from batch mode to online mode. If no exploration work is scheduled for the following day, the administrator can further issue a "Switch to Standby Mode" command. Each device's communication process will then shut down the module's radio frequency via AT commands, putting it into hibernation mode to conserve battery power and extend its runtime during the deployment cycle.

[0099] The technical solution in this embodiment achieves a balance between low-power daily monitoring, real-time alarm for abnormal events, and high-speed data transmission on demand on a single 5G RedCap communication module, resolving the technical contradiction that low power consumption and high bandwidth are difficult to coexist on the same device in field deployment scenarios for earthquake data acquisition equipment.

[0100] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, characterized in that, include: The seismic data acquisition unit is used to acquire multi-component seismic waveform data; A lightweight communication module for wireless communication with a remote server; The main control unit is connected to the lightweight communication module; the main control unit runs independent acquisition processes and communication processes, which communicate with each other through shared memory. The acquisition process is used to write the seismic waveform data acquired by the seismic data acquisition unit into the local storage medium, and to generate channel status data reflecting the acquisition quality during the acquisition process. The communication process is used to report real-time status data to the remote server at configurable intervals; the real-time status data includes power status, positioning status, channel status data, local storage status, and system abnormal status; the communication process is also used to receive remote control commands issued by the remote server, and after parsing and verification, pass them to the acquisition process for execution through the shared memory; the communication process is also used to control the lightweight communication module to automatically switch between multiple communication working modes based on the current transmission task requirements, abnormal flags, and idle time, according to preset migration judgment rules.

2. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight communication module is a cellular communication module compatible with the 3GPP R17 lightweight standard.

3. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shared memory is divided into four logical channels: command channel, waveform data channel, status channel, and heartbeat channel. Each channel is equipped with an independent semaphore for access synchronization. The remote control commands are transmitted between the communication process and the acquisition process through the command channel. The remote control commands include sampling rate configuration, gain configuration, filter configuration, and trigger threshold configuration.

4. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The various communication operating modes specifically include: Standby mode: The RF transceiver link of the lightweight communication module is periodically shut down or enters an extended discontinuous reception state. The heartbeat data is triggered by the timer according to the first configurable period. After the heartbeat is sent, the RF shutdown or extended discontinuous reception state is restored. Online mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connection state, reports device status information according to the second configurable period, and receives control commands issued by the administrator in real time; Enhanced mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connection state. When the acquisition process detects a preset abnormal condition, it will automatically trigger and continuously push abnormal diagnostic information at a frequency higher than that in standby mode. If the lightweight communication module is in a sleep state when it is triggered, it will first be restored to the network connection state. Batch mode: The lightweight communication module is in a network connection state and transmits waveform data or firmware data at a preset maximum rate.

5. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The standby mode supports two optional schemes: Scheme 1 is complete RF shutdown; Scheme 2 is extended discontinuous reception, in which the lightweight communication module's RF periodically sleeps or wakes up to maintain network registration status; the period of the extended discontinuous reception is configurable within the range of 5.12 seconds to 10485 seconds; the scheme selection and extended discontinuous reception period configuration are executed through the communication process according to the real-time requirements of the monitoring task and the remaining power. The communication process is also used to detect the operation status and physical carrier status of the network interface corresponding to the lightweight communication module to determine the link connectivity, and to detect the network layer connectivity and round-trip latency by sending network probe packets to a preset public network address; when the link or network layer is continuously unavailable, the first configurable period is adaptively extended.

6. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the online mode, waveform data segments of a specified channel and time range are retrieved via the lightweight communication module for remote quality analysis.

7. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rules for determining the transition of the communication working mode specifically include: When the acquisition process detects a preset abnormal condition during standby, the lightweight communication module will automatically upgrade from standby mode to enhanced mode; when the abnormality is eliminated and no administrator takes over within a preset waiting time, the lightweight communication module will automatically return from enhanced mode to standby mode. When a takeover command is received from the administrator via a remote server, the lightweight communication module is switched to online mode; when the administrator completes the operation and the idle time exceeds a preset threshold, the lightweight communication module is restored from online mode to standby mode. When a batch transmission command is received, the lightweight communication module is switched to batch mode; when the batch transmission task is completed, the lightweight communication module is restored to online mode or standby mode.

8. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system abnormal status in the real-time status data is represented in the form of a bitmask, including the following abnormal types: analog-to-digital converter hardware abnormality, analog-to-digital converter synchronization abnormality, low battery voltage, positioning module connection failure, positioning failure, sensor failure, analog channel failure, insufficient storage medium space, storage medium read / write error, communication link disconnection, data buffer overflow, and system reset; any abnormal type flag bit flip will trigger the communication process to re-execute the communication working mode migration judgment.

9. The remote real-time quality control system for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication process adaptively adjusts the data transmission rate during data transmission using a sliding window mechanism. The window size is dynamically adjusted based on the backlog of the data buffer to be transmitted, signal quality, and round-trip delay. The window size dynamically changes between a preset minimum window and a preset maximum window: when in status upload mode, the rate is forcibly limited to the minimum window. Status upload mode refers to a lightweight communication state that only needs to transmit heartbeat data and status information, without transmitting waveform data or firmware. When the signal quality is lower than a preset threshold, the transmission window is reduced. When the backlog of data to be transmitted exceeds a preset high watermark, the window is reduced, and when it is lower than a preset low watermark, the window is increased. The communication process is also used to periodically query the signal quality information and the current network type of the lightweight communication module, normalize the query results and provide them to the acquisition process and report them together with the real-time status data. It is also used to assist in the migration judgment of the communication working mode and the adaptive adjustment of the sliding window mechanism.

10. A remote real-time quality control method for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication, implemented by any one of the remote real-time quality control systems for seismic data acquisition based on lightweight communication as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The seismic data acquisition unit is initialized through the acquisition process, enters the seismic waveform data acquisition state, writes the acquired seismic waveform data into the local storage medium, and generates channel status data reflecting the acquisition quality. The lightweight communication module is initialized through the communication process to establish a transport layer connection with the remote server; The acquisition process performs status aggregation in each acquisition cycle, collecting real-time status data from multiple dimensions including power, positioning, acquisition quality, network and system operation. Anomaly flags are generated in the form of bitmasks, assembled into fixed-length heartbeat data packets, and transmitted to the communication process through shared memory. The heartbeat data packets are read from the shared memory at configurable intervals through the communication process and sent to the remote server through the lightweight communication module. The communication process receives remote control commands from the remote server, parses and verifies them, then passes them to the acquisition process for execution via shared memory, and sends the execution results back to the remote server. The communication process performs a migration judgment of the communication working mode in each working cycle based on the current transmission task type, abnormal flag and idle time. When the upgrade conditions are met, the lightweight communication module is automatically upgraded from low power constraint mode to high power constraint mode. When the downgrade conditions are met, the lightweight communication module is automatically downgraded from high power constraint mode to low power constraint mode.

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