Method and system for simulating and evaluating electric field intensity on top of building under thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field coupling

Abstract

The application discloses a method and system for simulating and evaluating electric field intensity of a building top under a thunderstorm cloud static electric field coupling. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a three-dimensional space calculation model containing a target building geometric structure; establishing a thunderstorm cloud static electric field excitation source model; solving a space vector electric field distribution equation through numerical calculation to calculate electric field coupling response of a building surface and surrounding space; outputting electric field intensity distribution data of a building top surface, and extracting an electric field extreme point position and an electric field gradient change trend to evaluate a lightning stroke risk grade of the building. The application can accurately simulate the influence of a thunderstorm cloud static electric field on electric field distribution of the building top, and provides a scientific basis for lightning protection design of the building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building lightning protection and electromagnetic compatibility technology, and in particular to a method and system for simulating and evaluating the electric field strength on the roof of a building under the coupling of electrostatic field from thunderstorm clouds. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern architecture towards large spans, complex curved surfaces, and lightweight designs, the roof structures of large public buildings (such as stadiums, airport terminals, and convention centers) often adopt metal mesh shells or membrane structures. During thunderstorms, the strong electrostatic field carried by thunderstorm clouds can generate complex electrostatic induction coupling effects with ground buildings, leading to severe distortion of the electric field on the building's roof surface and a sharp increase in local field strength, thus significantly increasing the risk of lightning strikes. Currently, lightning protection design for buildings mainly relies on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards and national lightning protection codes, often using the rolling sphere method or protection angle method for protection range assessment. These traditional methods focus on geometric simulation and are difficult to accurately reflect the actual electric field distribution characteristics under the coupling of the thunderstorm cloud's electrostatic field and the building's three-dimensional structure. While existing numerical simulation techniques can calculate local electric fields, they often simplify the boundary conditions of the thunderstorm electric field during modeling, lacking systematic modeling of the multi-physics coupling mechanism of thunderstorm clouds, ground features, and structures. This results in insufficient accuracy in electric field strength prediction, making it difficult to meet the needs of refined lightning protection assessments for high-risk locations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under the coupling of the electrostatic field of thunderstorm clouds, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing technology lacks accurate modeling means for the coupling mechanism between the electrostatic field of thunderstorm clouds and the complex structure of the roof of buildings, which makes it difficult to accurately obtain the electric field intensity distribution and extreme point location on the building surface.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, a method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic field coupling of a thunderstorm cloud is provided in a first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: Construct a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building, and define the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain; A model of the electrostatic field excitation source of thunderstorm clouds is established, and the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the model are set to simulate the electrostatic field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions. Based on the three-dimensional spatial calculation model and the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, the spatial vector electric field distribution equation is solved by numerical calculation method to calculate the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. Output the electric field intensity distribution data of the building's roof surface, and extract the location of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient change based on the electric field intensity distribution data to assess the building's lightning strike risk level.

[0005] Furthermore, the construction of a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building, and the definition of conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain, are further described. Specifically, the modeling tools in the simulation software are used to model the building, and the electrical conductivity and relative permittivity of the building materials are set.

[0006] Furthermore, the establishment of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model and the setting of the geometric and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model specifically involves: using the calculation module in the simulation software to calculate the distribution of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field; the thunderstorm cloud is equivalent to a cuboid, and the length, width, and height parameters of the thunderstorm cloud are set.

[0007] Furthermore, the setting of the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model also includes: Different voltage levels were selected for the bottom potential of the thunderstorm cloud; different height levels were selected for the height of the thunderstorm cloud above the ground.

[0008] Furthermore, the calculation of the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space specifically involves: simulating the distribution of the electrostatic field value on the surface of the building roof when a thunderstorm cloud is directly above the building; and setting the building as a zero potential point.

[0009] Furthermore, the system outputs electric field intensity distribution data on the surface of the building's ceiling, and extracts the locations of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient changes based on the electric field intensity distribution data. Specifically, the distribution data of the maximum electrostatic field at the edge and corner of the building is obtained, as well as the distribution trend data of the electric field value gradually decreasing from the edge to the inside.

[0010] Furthermore, the assessment of the building's lightning strike risk level specifically includes: comparing the obtained electric field value at the ceiling with the corona discharge threshold; if the electric field value at the ceiling is less than the corona discharge threshold, it is determined that an upward leader will not be triggered; and determining, based on the electric field distribution map, that the two sides of the long axis of the venue are areas with a higher probability of being struck by downward lightning.

[0011] Furthermore, based on the lightning strike risk assessment results, it is recommended that the thickness of the steel material in the roof should not be less than the predetermined thickness, and that equipotential bonding measures be implemented.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention also provides a system for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic field coupling of thunderstorm clouds, comprising: The model building module constructs a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building and defines the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain. The source field establishment module is used to establish a thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, set the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, and simulate the electrostatic field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions. The coupling calculation module, based on the three-dimensional spatial calculation model and the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, solves the spatial vector electric field distribution equation through numerical calculation methods, and calculates the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. The result output module outputs the electric field intensity distribution data of the building's roof surface, extracts the location of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient change based on the electric field intensity distribution data, and assesses the building's lightning strike risk level.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under the electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud as described in any one of the claims.

[0014] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are at least as follows: This invention establishes a precise physical simulation foundation by constructing a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometric structure of the target building and defining the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain. This model realistically reproduces the electromagnetic characteristics of the building structure and its surrounding environment, providing a high-fidelity computational basis for subsequent electric field analysis and effectively overcoming computational biases caused by simplified geometric structures in traditional methods. By establishing a model of the electrostatic field excitation source of thunderstorm clouds and setting its geometric and potential parameters, dynamic simulation of the electric field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions is achieved. This makes the simulation scenario closer to the actual distribution characteristics of thunderclouds, improving the environmental adaptability and engineering practicality of the simulation. Based on the three-dimensional computational model and the thundercloud excitation source, numerical calculation methods are used to solve the spatial vector electric field distribution equation, accurately calculating the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. This captures the distortion behavior of the electric field at key locations such as building edges and corners, significantly improving the accuracy of electric field distribution prediction. The invention outputs electric field intensity distribution data on the building roof surface and extracts the locations of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient changes, providing a quantitative basis for local identification of lightning strike risk and achieving risk focusing from the macroscopic field to the local structure. By comparing the ceiling electric field value with the corona discharge threshold, the likelihood of an upward leader can be scientifically determined. Further analysis using an electric field distribution map identifies high-probability lightning strike areas, improving the physical accuracy of risk assessment. Based on the assessment results, recommendations for steel thickness and equipotential bonding measures provide direct and actionable optimization guidance for building lightning protection design, enhancing the lightning protection capability and overall safety of the building's roof structure. This approach has significant engineering application value and promising prospects for wider adoption. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the working steps of a method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The target building model and observation line are disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 4km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -20MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 6km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -20MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 10km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -20MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building at a thunderstorm cloud height of 4km and a thunderstorm cloud potential of -40MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 6km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -40MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is an electric field diagram of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 10km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -40MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 4km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -60MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud height is 6km and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -60MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of a target building when the thunderstorm cloud is 10 km high and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -60 MV, as disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] refer to Figures 1-2 The present invention provides an embodiment for constructing a three-dimensional spatial calculation model containing the geometry of the target building and defining the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the calculation domain; S1. Establish a model of the electrostatic field excitation source of thunderstorm clouds, and set the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the model to simulate the electrostatic field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions. S2. Based on the three-dimensional spatial calculation model and the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, the spatial vector electric field distribution equation is solved by numerical calculation method to calculate the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. S3. Output the electric field intensity distribution data of the building's roof surface, and extract the location of the electric field extreme points and the electric field gradient change trend based on the electric field intensity distribution data to assess the building's lightning strike risk level.

[0020] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 4 km above the venue, with a potential of -20 mV, the maximum electric field value is 62064.34 V / m. The largest electrostatic field values ​​occur at the edges and corners, gradually decreasing from the edges inwards. Due to the uneven distribution of charge on the conductor surface in these areas, the sharp shapes of the corners lead to a high concentration of charge, resulting in a dramatic increase in electric field strength. The tops, edges, and corners of tall buildings are high-risk areas for lightning strikes because the extremely strong electric fields at these locations easily break down the air, forming discharge channels.

[0021] When the thunderstorm cloud is located 6 km above the venue and its electric potential is -20 mV, the maximum electric field value is 43136.96 V / m. As the height of the thunderstorm cloud increases, the overall electrostatic field value decreases. According to the formula E=U / H (where E is the electric field value, U is the thunderstorm cloud potential, and H is the thunderstorm cloud height), when the potential remains constant, the electric field value decreases as the height of the thunderstorm cloud increases.

[0022] refer to Figure 4 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 10km above the venue and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -20MV, the maximum electric field value is 24107.3V / m.

[0023] refer to Figure 5When the thunderstorm cloud potential is -20MV, the overall electrostatic field value is very small at altitudes of 4km, 6km, and 10km. The distribution trend of the electric field value at the roof location remains unchanged under different thunderstorm cloud altitudes and potentials. This distribution trend is mainly related to the position of the thunderstorm cloud relative to the building on the plane and the building structure.

[0024] refer to Figure 6 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 4km above the venue and its electric potential is -40MV, the maximum electric field value is 124128.7V / m. As the thunderstorm cloud's electric potential increases, the corresponding electrostatic field value also increases.

[0025] refer to Figure 7 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 6 km above the venue and its electric potential is -40 mV, the overall electrostatic field strength decreases as the cloud height increases. The maximum electric field value at this point is 86273.93 V / m.

[0026] refer to Figure 8 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 10km above the venue and the thunderstorm cloud potential is -40MV, the electrostatic field at the ceiling is very small, and the maximum electric field value at this time is 48214.61V / m.

[0027] refer to Figure 9 When the thunderstorm cloud was located 4 km above the venue, and its electric potential continued to increase to -60 mV, the corresponding electrostatic field value also continued to increase. At this point, the maximum electric field value was 186,193 V / m.

[0028] refer to Figure 10 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 6 km above the venue and its electric potential is -60 mV, the overall electrostatic field value decreases as the cloud height increases. The maximum electric field value at this point is 129410.9 V / m.

[0029] refer to Figure 11 When the thunderstorm cloud is located 10km above the venue and its electric potential is -60MV, the electrostatic field at the ceiling is relatively small. The maximum electric field value at this time is 72321.91V / m.

[0030] Simulation results show that the electric field value at the roof decreases with increasing thundercloud height and increases with increasing potential at the base of the thundercloud, but the overall distribution trend remains unchanged. When the electrostatic field value on the ground surface reaches 2000 kV / m, corona discharge will occur, potentially triggering an upward leader. Based on the simulation, the electric field value at the roof is less than 2000 kV / m, therefore an upward leader will not be triggered. However, the probability of a downward lightning leader striking the roof cannot be ruled out. According to the electric field distribution diagram, the electric field strength is greatest on both sides of the long axis of the venue, therefore this area is more likely to be struck by downward lightning. Considering that the roof is located at the highest point of the building and there are no tall buildings nearby for protection, the steel thickness of the roof should not be less than 4 mm, and equipotential bonding measures should be implemented.

[0031] Furthermore, the construction of a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building, and the definition of conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain, are further described. Specifically, the modeling tools in the simulation software are used to model the building, and the electrical conductivity and relative permittivity of the building materials are set.

[0032] Furthermore, the establishment of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model and the setting of the geometric and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model specifically involves: using the calculation module in the simulation software to calculate the distribution of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field; the thunderstorm cloud is equivalent to a cuboid, and the length, width, and height parameters of the thunderstorm cloud are set.

[0033] Furthermore, the setting of the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model also includes: Different voltage levels were selected for the bottom potential of the thunderstorm cloud; different height levels were selected for the height of the thunderstorm cloud above the ground.

[0034] Furthermore, the calculation of the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space specifically involves: simulating the distribution of the electrostatic field value on the surface of the building roof when a thunderstorm cloud is directly above the building; and setting the building as a zero potential point.

[0035] Furthermore, the system outputs electric field intensity distribution data on the surface of the building's ceiling, and extracts the locations of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient changes based on the electric field intensity distribution data. Specifically, the distribution data of the maximum electrostatic field at the edge and corner of the building is obtained, as well as the distribution trend data of the electric field value gradually decreasing from the edge to the inside.

[0036] Furthermore, the assessment of the building's lightning strike risk level specifically includes: comparing the obtained electric field value at the ceiling with the corona discharge threshold; if the electric field value at the ceiling is less than the corona discharge threshold, it is determined that an upward leader will not be triggered; and determining, based on the electric field distribution map, that the two sides of the long axis of the venue are areas with a higher probability of being struck by downward lightning.

[0037] Furthermore, based on the lightning strike risk assessment results, it is recommended that the thickness of the steel material in the roof should not be less than the predetermined thickness, and that equipotential bonding measures be implemented.

[0038] The present invention also provides an embodiment of a system for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling from a thunderstorm cloud, comprising: The model building module constructs a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building and defines the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain. The source field establishment module is used to establish a thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, set the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, and simulate the electrostatic field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions. The coupling calculation module, based on the three-dimensional spatial calculation model and the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, solves the spatial vector electric field distribution equation through numerical calculation methods, and calculates the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. The result output module outputs the electric field intensity distribution data of the building's roof surface, extracts the location of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient change based on the electric field intensity distribution data, and assesses the building's lightning strike risk level.

[0039] The present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under the electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud as described in any one of the claims.

[0040] The embodiments provided by this invention establish a high-fidelity physical simulation foundation by constructing a three-dimensional spatial calculation model containing the geometric structure of the target building and defining the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain. This model can realistically reproduce the electromagnetic characteristics of the building structure and its surrounding environment, overcoming the calculation deviations caused by the simplification of geometric structures in traditional lightning protection assessment methods, and providing an accurate calculation premise for subsequent electric field analysis. By establishing a model of the electrostatic field excitation source of thunderstorm clouds and setting its geometric and potential parameters, dynamic simulation of the electric field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions is achieved, making the simulation scenario closer to the actual distribution characteristics of thunderclouds and improving the environmental adaptability and engineering practicality of the simulation. Based on the three-dimensional calculation model and the thundercloud excitation source, the spatial vector electric field distribution equation is solved using numerical calculation methods, accurately calculating the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. This can capture the distortion behavior of the electric field at key locations such as building edges and corners, significantly improving the accuracy of electric field distribution prediction. The electric field intensity distribution data of the building roof surface is output, and the locations of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient changes are extracted, providing a quantitative basis for the local identification of lightning strike risk and realizing risk focusing from the macroscopic field to the local structure. By comparing the ceiling electric field value with the corona discharge threshold, the likelihood of an upward leader can be scientifically determined. Further analysis using an electric field distribution map identifies high-probability lightning strike areas, improving the physical accuracy of risk assessment. Based on the assessment results, recommendations for steel thickness and equipotential bonding measures provide direct and actionable optimization guidance for building lightning protection design, enhancing the lightning protection capability and overall safety of the building's roof structure. This approach has significant engineering application value and promising prospects for wider adoption.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0042] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing programs, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling from a thunderstorm cloud, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Construct a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building, and define the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain; A model of the electrostatic field excitation source of thunderstorm clouds is established, and the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the model are set to simulate the electrostatic field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions. Based on the three-dimensional spatial calculation model and the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, the spatial vector electric field distribution equation is solved by numerical calculation method to calculate the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. Output the electric field intensity distribution data of the building's roof surface, and extract the location of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient change based on the electric field intensity distribution data to assess the building's lightning strike risk level.

2. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The process involves constructing a three-dimensional spatial computational model that includes the geometry of the target building, and defining the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain. Specifically, the modeling tools in the simulation software are used to model the building, and the electrical conductivity and relative permittivity of the building materials are set.

3. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The establishment of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, and the setting of the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, specifically involves: using the calculation module in the simulation software to calculate the distribution of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field; the thunderstorm cloud is equivalent to a cuboid, and the length, width, and height parameters of the thunderstorm cloud are set.

4. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The setting of the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model also includes: Different voltage levels were selected for the bottom potential of the thunderstorm cloud; different height levels were selected for the height of the thunderstorm cloud above the ground.

5. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The calculation of the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space specifically involves: simulating the distribution of the electrostatic field value on the surface of the building's roof when a thunderstorm cloud is directly above the building; and setting the building as a zero potential point.

6. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The output data includes the electric field intensity distribution on the surface of the building's ceiling, and the locations of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient variation are extracted based on this data. Specifically, the distribution data of the maximum electrostatic field at the edge and corner of the building is obtained, as well as the distribution trend data of the electric field value gradually decreasing from the edge to the inside.

7. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The assessment of the building's lightning strike risk level specifically includes: comparing the obtained electric field value at the ceiling with the corona discharge threshold; if the electric field value at the ceiling is less than the corona discharge threshold, it is determined that an upward leader will not be triggered; and determining, based on the electric field distribution map, that the two sides of the long axis of the venue are areas with a higher probability of being struck by downward lightning.

8. The method for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the lightning strike risk assessment, it is recommended that the thickness of the steel for the roof should not be less than the predetermined thickness, and that equipotential bonding measures be implemented.

9. A system for simulating and evaluating the electric field intensity on the roof of a building under electrostatic coupling from a thunderstorm cloud, characterized in that, The system includes: The model building module constructs a three-dimensional spatial computational model containing the geometry of the target building and defines the conductor and dielectric distribution parameters within the computational domain. The source field establishment module is used to establish a thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, set the geometric parameters and potential parameters of the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, and simulate the electrostatic field environment of thunderstorm clouds under different meteorological conditions. The coupling calculation module, based on the three-dimensional spatial calculation model and the thunderstorm cloud electrostatic field excitation source model, solves the spatial vector electric field distribution equation through numerical calculation methods, and calculates the electric field coupling response between the building surface and the surrounding space. The result output module outputs the electric field intensity distribution data of the building's roof surface, extracts the location of electric field extrema and the trend of electric field gradient change based on the electric field intensity distribution data, and assesses the building's lightning strike risk level.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for simulating and evaluating the electric field strength on the roof of a building under the electrostatic coupling of a thunderstorm cloud as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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