Fire evacuation simulation optimization method and system for crowded place

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of personnel intensive place fire evacuation simulation optimization method and system, it is related to fire safety evacuation simulation and emergency path optimization technical field, division target evacuation area forms path unit, generates path unit state, exit bearing state and basic personnel state, constructs basic evacuation state array and carries out path smoke preliminary screening and exit bearing preliminary screening;When not passing in preliminary screening, based on visibility, temperature and carbon monoxide concentration critical time generates path unit failure time, filters out candidate path that personnel has failed when arriving;Again according to exit effective net width, current queue and predicted number of arrivals generates exit bearing duration, determines target evacuation path in combination with walking duration and congestion delay;Finally, single round feedback correction is carried out, and the output optimization evacuation scheme or priority rescue unit result can simultaneously constrain smoke time limit and exit bearing in path generation stage, improve the executability of evacuation scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire safety evacuation simulation and emergency route optimization technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for fire evacuation simulation and optimization in densely populated places. Background Technology

[0002] Existing fire evacuation simulation methods for densely populated places typically begin by establishing a building space model, fire source scenario, personnel distribution, and exit conditions. Then, changes in hazardous factors such as visibility, temperature, and carbon monoxide concentration are obtained through fire smoke simulation. Personnel evacuation simulation is used to obtain the evacuation time for personnel to reach the exit, and the available evacuation time is compared with the required evacuation time to determine whether personnel can evacuate to a safe area before the hazardous factors reach a critical state. In addition, existing evacuation guidance methods generate basic evacuation paths for personnel based on minimum path length, equal area partitioning, preset exit allocation, or guide strategies, and compare evacuation time and exit congestion under different evacuation strategies through simulation.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings: Existing methods often use smoke hazard results as verification criteria after evacuation, rather than determining whether a path unit is still safe to pass through when personnel arrive at it during the candidate path generation stage. Furthermore, existing path generation methods based on geometric shortest paths or average exit allocation typically do not fully consider exit capacity conditions such as effective exit width, current queue size, and predicted arrival numbers. This can easily lead to situations where a path is geometrically short but already affected by smoke upon arrival, or where exits are close but queue overload has already occurred. Therefore, existing fire evacuation simulation results may only indicate the safety of a basic scheme, and are insufficient to automatically generate executable path elimination, capacity correction, and feedback adjustment schemes when the basic scheme has localized smoke failures or exit capacity exceeding limits.

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for fire evacuation simulation optimization in densely populated places to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places, including the following steps; Step S1: Divide the target evacuation area into path units, generate path unit status results, exit load status results, and basic personnel status results, and generate basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results based on the path unit connection diagram, construct a basic evacuation status array, and perform preliminary feasibility screening on the basic evacuation paths, including preliminary screening of path flue gas and exit load. If the preliminary screening passes, output the basic evacuation plan; if the preliminary screening fails, generate the set of personnel objects to be optimized. Step S2: Generate a set of candidate evacuation routes based on the set of personnel to be optimized. Based on the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment results in the path unit status results, generate path unit failure moment results. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival time results of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the path unit failure moment results, delete the flue gas failure candidate routes and form a set of safe candidate routes. Step S3: Update the exit carrying capacity status result based on the results of the safe candidate path set, generate the exit carrying capacity duration result, and generate the path completion duration result based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result and the exit carrying capacity duration result. Determine the target evacuation path result from the results of the safe candidate path set. Step S4: Based on the target evacuation route results, verify the route safety margin results and exit capacity status. If the verification passes, output the optimized evacuation plan results. If the verification fails, perform a single-round feedback correction in the order of first processing routes with insufficient safety and then processing overloaded exits. Output the optimized evacuation plan results after correction. If the route safety margin requirements or exit capacity requirements still cannot be met, output the priority rescue unit results.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, step S1 includes the following: The boundary of the path unit is determined based on the continuity of personnel movement, similarity of flue gas conditions, clarity of channel connection, and correlation of outlet load capacity. For each path unit, a path unit status result is generated, which includes the path unit number, path unit type, adjacent path unit numbers, evacuation zone, visibility critical time, temperature critical time, carbon monoxide concentration critical time, path unit traffic capacity, and path unit availability identification result. For path units without flue gas measurement points, the critical moment results are generated according to the following mapping rules: If a path unit without measuring points is in the same closed space as a path unit with measuring points, the critical time result corresponding to the nearest measuring point in the same closed space shall be used. If a path unit without measurement points is located in an open walkway, the critical time results of the adjacent measurement points at both ends of the walkway are used for time interpolation to obtain the corresponding critical time result. If the path unit without measuring points is a stair section, the earlier critical moment result among the measuring points in the stairwell vestibule connected to the stair section and the measuring points in the stairwell vestibules of adjacent floors shall be used. If none of the above conditions can be met, then the path unit is marked as a critical moment to be supplemented. For each evacuation exit, generate an exit capacity status result, which includes exit number, exit effective net width, number of people in the current queue at the exit, predicted number of people arriving at the exit, exit throughput capacity per unit time, exit capacity boundary result, and exit availability identifier. The effective net width at the exit is adjusted according to the site conditions, and the throughput capacity per unit time at the exit is determined by the results of the effective net width at the exit and the throughput capacity per unit width.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, step S2 includes the following: The earliest occurrence of the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment for each path unit is determined as the path unit failure moment result for that path unit, and the path unit failure type result is generated at the same time. For each person object to be optimized, the current path unit result of the person object is used as the starting point and the exit path unit corresponding to the reachable exit is used as the ending point. Candidate paths are searched in the path unit connection graph, and the upper limit of the number of candidate paths and the expansion boundary of the candidate path length are set. Calculate the candidate arrival time of each person object entering each path unit along each candidate path, and delete the flue gas failure candidate path based on the comparison result between the candidate arrival time and the failure time of the path unit. If all candidate paths for a certain person are deleted, an adjacency expansion process is performed, using the adjacent path units of the current path unit of the person as temporary starting points to search for reachable exit paths again and perform flue gas failure screening again. If no safe candidate path is found after adjacency expansion, the path unit containing the person is recorded as the priority rescue unit result.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, step S3 includes the following: When updating the exit carrying status result based on the result of the set of safe candidate paths, the number of people who may arrive at each exit within the statistical prediction time window is used to generate the corrected prediction of the number of arrivals. Read the effective net width of each exit, the number of people in the current queue at the exit, the exit availability identifier, the capacity of the front buffer at the exit, and the exit carrying capacity boundary results, and generate the updated exit carrying capacity status results; Generate results for the number of people waiting to pass through at the exit, the throughput capacity per unit time at the exit, and the carrying capacity at the exit. The carrying capacity at the exit is generated based on the results for the number of people waiting to pass through at the exit and the throughput capacity per unit time at the exit. The path completion time of each safety candidate path is calculated. The path completion time is determined by the walking time of the personnel along the candidate path, the congestion delay of the passages traversed by the candidate path, and the exit carrying time of the candidate exit. When determining the target evacuation route for each person to be optimized, the candidate route with the shortest completion time is selected as the target evacuation route. The process is carried out in batches. The batch sequence results are generated according to the path safety margin of the personnel to be optimized and the risk status of the evacuation zone. After the target path allocation of each batch of personnel is completed, the corrected predicted number of arrivals, the exit carrying time, and the remaining capacity of the exit are updated before the path allocation of the next batch of personnel is started.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, step S4 includes the following: Based on the target evacuation route results, regenerate the route units and verify them using the status results of the exits; If there are results of insufficient safety in the review path or overloaded exit, perform a single round of feedback correction in a fixed order of first processing the results of insufficient safety in the review path and then processing the results of overloaded exit; For the results of reviewing the insecure path, select an alternative path from the set of secure candidate paths generated in step S2; For the review of the overload exit result, perform the exit overload transfer process, read the set of personnel objects that have been allocated to the overload exit and generate a transfer cost result for each personnel object, and prioritize the personnel objects with smaller transfer cost results for transfer; If the path safety margin or exit capacity requirements still cannot be met after correction, output the priority rescue unit result.

[0011] A fire evacuation simulation and optimization system for densely populated places includes: a status screening module, a failure screening module, a load distribution module, and a closed-loop correction module, with signal connections between the modules; The initial status screening module divides the target evacuation area into path units, generates path unit status results, exit capacity status results, and basic personnel status results, and generates basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results based on the path unit connection diagram, constructs a basic evacuation status array, and performs an initial feasibility screening of the basic evacuation paths, including path flue gas screening and exit capacity screening. If the initial screening passes, the basic evacuation plan is output; if the initial screening fails, a set of personnel objects to be optimized is generated. Failure screening module: Generates a set of candidate evacuation routes based on the set of personnel to be optimized. Based on the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment in the path unit status results, it generates path unit failure moment results. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival time of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the path unit failure moment results, it deletes flue gas failure candidate routes and forms a set of safe candidate routes. The load allocation module updates the exit load status result based on the results of the safe candidate path set, generates the exit load duration result, and generates the path completion duration result based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result, and the exit load duration result. It also determines the target evacuation path result from the results of the safe candidate path set. Closed-loop correction module: Based on the target evacuation route results, the path safety margin results and exit capacity status are reviewed. If the review passes, the optimized evacuation plan results are output. If the review fails, a single-round feedback correction is performed in the order of first processing the paths with insufficient safety and then processing the exits with overload. After the correction, the optimized evacuation plan results are output. If the path safety margin results or exit capacity requirements still cannot be met, the priority rescue unit results are output.

[0012] The technical effects and advantages of the fire evacuation simulation optimization method for densely populated places proposed in this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a basic evacuation state array, unifying path unit state results, exit load state results, basic personnel state results, and basic evacuation paths into computable objects. This allows existing evacuation simulation-generated basic paths to undergo initial feasibility screening, avoiding unnecessary path recalculation when the basic scheme already meets requirements. If a basic scheme fails the initial screening, this invention uses path unit failure time results and candidate arrival time results to filter out candidate paths. This ensures that critical smoke hazard results such as visibility, temperature, and carbon monoxide concentration are considered during the path generation stage, reducing the need for personnel to be assigned to [specific locations / locations]. In cases where the arrival time is no longer a safe path, this invention transforms the effective net width of the exit, the current number of people in the exit queue, and the predicted number of people arriving at the exit into the exit carrying time result. It then combines the walking time and the path unit congestion delay result to determine the target evacuation path, so that the target path is no longer determined solely by geometric distance. Through single-round feedback correction, this invention can make limited corrections to paths with insufficient safety and exits with overloaded safety. While ensuring the stability of evacuation instructions, it outputs an optimized evacuation plan. If the path safety margin result or exit carrying capacity requirement still cannot be met, it outputs the priority rescue unit result to facilitate subsequent emergency response. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fire evacuation simulation and optimization method for densely populated places according to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a fire evacuation simulation and optimization system module for densely populated places according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example: Please refer to Figures 1-2 As shown, this invention discloses a method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated areas, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Divide the target evacuation area into path units, generate path unit status results, exit load status results, and basic personnel status results, and generate basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results based on the path unit connection diagram, construct a basic evacuation status array, and perform preliminary feasibility screening on the basic evacuation paths, including preliminary screening of path flue gas and exit load. If the preliminary screening passes, output the basic evacuation plan; if the preliminary screening fails, generate the set of personnel objects to be optimized. Step S2: Generate a set of candidate evacuation routes based on the set of personnel to be optimized. Based on the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment results in the path unit status results, generate path unit failure moment results. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival time results of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the path unit failure moment results, delete the flue gas failure candidate routes and form a set of safe candidate routes. Step S3: Update the exit carrying capacity status result based on the results of the safe candidate path set, generate the exit carrying capacity duration result, and generate the path completion duration result based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result and the exit carrying capacity duration result. Determine the target evacuation path result from the results of the safe candidate path set. Step S4: Based on the target evacuation route results, verify the route safety margin results and exit capacity status. If the verification passes, output the optimized evacuation plan results. If the verification fails, perform a single-round feedback correction in the order of first processing routes with insufficient safety and then processing overloaded exits. Output the optimized evacuation plan results after correction. If the route safety margin requirements or exit capacity requirements still cannot be met, output the priority rescue unit results.

[0017] In step S1, the target evacuation area is divided into path units, generating path unit status results, exit capacity status results, and basic personnel status results. Based on the path unit connection diagram, basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results are generated, and a basic evacuation status array is constructed. The basic evacuation paths undergo preliminary feasibility screening, including path flue gas screening and exit capacity screening. If the preliminary screening passes, a basic evacuation plan is output; if the preliminary screening fails, a set of personnel objects to be optimized is generated, specifically including: Identify the target evacuation area in the densely populated area; the target evacuation area is the local area that needs to be optimized for fire evacuation simulation, including the reachability relationship between the fire source influence area, personnel stay area, evacuation route, critical path unit and evacuation exit; this embodiment establishes a computable object around the area in the basic evacuation plan that may be affected by smoke failure or exit overload. For example, the target evacuation area can be a local evacuation area formed by the screening room, the corridor outside the screening room, the stairwell, the buffer zone in front of the exit, and the adjacent safety exit in a large commercial complex. Obtain the building plan, path connection, fire source location, smoke exhaust status, initial personnel distribution, personnel walking speed, personnel response time, and basic evacuation path results for the target evacuation area; The basic evacuation path results are the initial path results generated by existing fire evacuation simulation methods based on geometric shortest path, equal area zoning, preset exit allocation, or existing evacuation guidance strategies. The target evacuation area is divided into multiple path units; the path unit is the smallest spatial processing object for path search, smoke status judgment, personnel arrival time calculation and exit capacity judgment. The criteria for dividing the path units include the continuity of personnel movement, similarity of flue gas conditions, clarity of channel connections, and relevance of outlet capacity. Specifically, when there are turning points, forks, doorways, stairwell entrances, exit buffer zone entrances, passage width change points, or flue gas measurement point locations in the same passage, they are taken as the boundary of the path unit; When the time difference between adjacent flue gas measuring points in the same channel reaching the critical state exceeds the preset time difference boundary, the channel will also be divided into different path units. When all people in a room need to enter the same corridor through the same doorway, the room can be used as the starting path unit, and the buffer zone outside the doorway can be used as the adjacent path unit. The above division method avoids the situation where a single path unit contains significantly different flue gas risks and traffic capacity states at the same time. Generate path unit status results for each path unit; The path unit status results include path unit number results, path unit type results, adjacent path unit number results, evacuation zone results, visibility critical moment results, temperature critical moment results, carbon monoxide concentration critical moment results, path unit traffic capacity results, and path unit availability identification results. The visibility critical moment result is the moment when the visibility within the path unit first reaches the preset danger range; The temperature critical moment result is the moment when the temperature in the path unit first reaches the preset danger range; The critical moment for carbon monoxide concentration is the moment when the carbon monoxide concentration in the path unit first reaches the preset danger range. For path units with pre-deployed flue gas measurement points, the corresponding critical moment results are generated directly based on the flue gas simulation results or sensor acquisition results of that measurement point. For path units without flue gas measurement points, the critical moment results are generated according to the following mapping rules: If a path unit without measuring points is in the same closed space as a path unit with measuring points, the critical time result corresponding to the nearest measuring point in the same closed space shall be used. If a path unit without measuring points is located in an open corridor, the critical time results of the adjacent measuring points at both ends of the corridor are used for time interpolation to obtain the corresponding critical time result. If the path unit without measuring points is a stair section, the earlier critical moment result among the measuring points in the stairwell vestibule connected to the stair section and the measuring points in the stairwell vestibules of adjacent floors shall be used. If none of the above conditions are met, the path unit will be marked as a critical moment to be supplemented and will be processed according to the risk conservative rule in the initial executability screening, that is, it will be regarded as a path unit that needs to be re-verified in subsequent steps. This mapping rule ensures that each path unit has critical flue gas information that the algorithm can use to make a judgment. Generate exit load status results for each evacuation exit; The exit capacity status results include exit number results, exit effective net width results, exit current queue number of people results, exit predicted arrival number of people results, exit unit time throughput capacity results, exit capacity boundary results, and exit available identifier results; The effective net width at the exit is the width that can actually be used for personnel passage under the current conditions; If there are obstacles near the exit, insufficient door opening, temporary blockade, smoke effects, or partial unavailability of the buffer zone in front of the exit, the effective net width of the exit shall be corrected according to the site conditions. The exit throughput capacity per unit time is determined by the exit effective net width and the throughput capacity per unit width. The unit width passage capacity result can be determined from historical evacuation drill data, evacuation simulation parameters, or fire management preset parameters; When historical data for the target evacuation area is lacking, a preset initial value is used as the result of the unit width passage capacity, and it is updated after subsequent drills or simulation reviews. The exit carrying capacity boundary result is jointly determined by the prediction time window length, the effective net width of the exit, and the exit unit time throughput capacity result. It is used to represent the upper limit of the number of people or the upper limit of the queuing time that the exit can accommodate within the prediction time window. Further, generate basic personnel status results; The basic personnel status results include personnel object number results, current path unit results, personnel walking speed results, personnel response time results, basic path number results, and basic exit number results; Personnel response time indicates the time from when a person receives an alarm, broadcast, guide light, or guide instruction to when they begin to move. The results of personnel walking speed can be generated based on personnel type, historical drill data of the location, or evacuation simulation input parameters; For all personnel involved in path calculation, corresponding personnel walking speed and response time results are first generated in the basic personnel status results; After the above results are generated, a basic evacuation state array is constructed; The basic evacuation status array includes path unit status results, exit capacity status results, basic personnel status results, and basic evacuation path results; The basic evacuation route results are based on the initial evacuation route results generated from the path unit connection diagram; Specifically, the path unit where the person is currently located is taken as the starting path unit, and the exit path unit corresponding to the safety exit connected to the starting path unit is taken as the candidate ending path unit. Based on the passable connection relationship between path units and the passable distance between adjacent path units, a basic evacuation route is generated by a path search method based on the minimum path length. The path search method based on the minimum path length only uses the passable distance between path units as the path cost. When there are multiple accessible safe exits for the same person, calculate the reachable path length from the starting path unit to each candidate ending path unit, and select the path with the smallest reachable path length as the basic evacuation path for the person. When multiple candidate exits have the same reachable path length, one of the candidate exits is selected as the base exit result according to the exit number order or the preset exit priority result. The basic evacuation route results include the starting route unit results, the route unit sequence results, the basic exit results, the basic route length results, and the basic arrival time results; The starting path cell result is the path cell where the personnel object was located when the evacuation began; The result of the path unit sequence is the set of path unit numbers that the basic evacuation path passes through in sequence. The basic exit result is the exit path unit that the basic evacuation path ultimately points to; The basic path length result is the sum of the travel distances between the path units. The basic arrival time result is the estimated time of arrival at each path unit calculated by combining the personnel response time result, personnel walking speed result and path unit congestion delay result when personnel move along the basic evacuation path; The basic arrival time result is the estimated time when personnel arrive at each path unit as they move along the basic evacuation route. It is determined by the personnel response time result, personnel walking speed result, path length result, and path unit congestion delay result. The path unit congestion delay result is determined by the personnel density result within the path unit and the path unit throughput result; If the personnel density result within the path unit does not exceed the preset density boundary, the path unit congestion delay result can be recorded as zero. After the basic evacuation status array is constructed, the feasibility of the basic evacuation plan is initially screened. The feasibility screening includes path flue gas screening and outlet load screening. In the initial screening of flue gas along the evacuation route, the basic arrival time of each person along the basic evacuation route to each route unit is read and compared with the critical time results of visibility, temperature and carbon monoxide concentration of the corresponding route unit. If the basic arrival time result is not earlier than any critical moment result, or if the difference between the basic arrival time result and the earliest critical moment result is less than the reserved safety margin result, then the basic evacuation path is marked as a path that failed the initial screening of flue gas. It should be noted that the reserved safety margin is a safety allowance set to prevent people from passing close to the critical moment of danger. It can be preset according to the type of venue, fire management requirements or historical drill data. In the initial screening of exit capacity, the results of the current number of people in the exit queue, the predicted number of people arriving at the exit, the effective net width of the exit, and the exit capacity boundary are read from the exit corresponding to the basic evacuation route. If the number of people waiting to pass through the exit after merging the current queue number of people at the exit with the predicted number of people arriving at the exit exceeds the exit capacity boundary, or if the exit availability indicator shows that the exit is not passable, then the corresponding basic evacuation path will be marked as an exit capacity initial screening failure path result. If there are no results for the path that failed the initial screening of flue gas and no results for the path that failed the initial screening of outlet load, generate a result that passes the basic scheme and directly output the basic evacuation scheme without executing steps S2 to S4. If there are results of the flue gas initial screening failing the path test or the outlet load initial screening failing the path test, a result of the basic scheme failing the test will be generated, along with a set of personnel objects to be optimized, a set of path units to be optimized, and a set of outlets to be optimized. The result set of personnel objects to be optimized records the personnel objects that need to reselect their paths; The result set of path units to be optimized records the path units that caused the initial screening of flue gas to fail. The results of the export set to be optimized record the exports that have exceeded their capacity limits; This step unifies the building plan results, path connection results, fire source location results, smoke exhaust status results, initial personnel distribution results, personnel walking speed results, personnel response time results, and basic evacuation path results in the target evacuation area into a basic evacuation status array. It also incorporates the path unit status results, exit load-bearing status results, basic personnel status results, and basic evacuation path results into the same computable data structure. This processing ensures that existing basic evacuation paths generated based on minimum path length are no longer directly used as the final evacuation plan. Instead, they undergo preliminary smoke screening and exit load-bearing capacity screening for feasibility assessment. If the basic evacuation plan does not have path results that fail the preliminary smoke screening and exit load-bearing capacity screening, then... When the initial screening of the outlet load fails the path result, the basic evacuation plan is directly output, thereby avoiding unnecessary subsequent recalculation. When the basic evacuation plan has an outlet load failure path result, the set of personnel objects to be optimized, the set of path units to be optimized, and the set of outlets to be optimized are generated, providing a clear data entry point for the screening of candidate flue gas failure paths in step S2. This step completes the conversion of the existing evacuation simulation results into the subsequent optimization algorithm of this invention, and limits the subsequent optimization to only be started when the basic plan has a path flue gas failure or the outlet load exceeds the limit through the executability screening, so that the whole method has clear start conditions and calculation boundaries.

[0018] In step S2, a candidate evacuation route set is generated based on the set of personnel to be optimized. According to the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment results in the route unit status results, route unit failure moment results are generated. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival times of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the route unit failure moment results, candidate routes with flue gas failure are deleted, forming a set of safe candidate routes. Specific details include: For the set of personnel objects to be optimized, candidate path reconstruction and flue gas failure screening are performed. This step does not recalculate all personnel objects globally, but only processes personnel objects in the basic evacuation plan that are affected by flue gas failure or excessive outlet capacity, so as to reduce unnecessary path adjustments and avoid frequent changes to the already executable paths in the basic evacuation plan. First, generate the path unit failure time results; For each path unit, read the visibility critical moment result, the temperature critical moment result, and the carbon monoxide concentration critical moment result, and determine the earliest occurrence of the three types of critical moment results as the path unit failure moment result of that path unit; If a path unit fails to reach the danger range of all three types of risk factors within the current simulation time window, the result of its failure time is recorded as the result of no failure in the current window. At the same time, path unit failure type results are generated to identify which factor among visibility, temperature or carbon monoxide concentration caused the path unit to fail first. The path unit failure type result is only used to explain the reason why the candidate path was deleted, and is not used as a separate path selection result; Then, a set of candidate evacuation routes is generated based on the adjacency relationships between the path units; For each person object to be optimized, the current path unit result of the person object is used as the starting point and the exit path unit corresponding to the reachable exit is used as the ending point to search for candidate paths in the path unit connection graph. A path unit connection diagram consists of path units and their passable connection relationships; If there is a door, corridor, staircase, vestibule, or exit buffer zone that allows passage between two path units, then a passage connection relationship is established between them. If a connection cannot be used due to smoke containment, fire shutter blocking, obstruction, or on-site control, the connection is marked as an impassable connection. When generating candidate paths, multiple basic reachable candidate paths are generated; each candidate path records the candidate path number, candidate exit, path unit sequence, candidate path length, and candidate path connection status. To ensure the algorithm is executable and the computational load is controllable, an upper limit on the number of candidate paths and a boundary for the expansion of candidate path length are set. The maximum number of candidate paths is used to limit the maximum number of candidate paths that can be retained for each person. The candidate path length extension boundary results are used to exclude paths that are obviously detours relative to the basic path and have no practical evacuation significance; The above results can be preset during initialization or adjusted according to the size of the target evacuation area; After the candidate evacuation route set is generated, the candidate arrival time of each person entering each route unit along each candidate route is calculated. The current simulation time and the personnel response time are used as the personnel start time. Then, based on the travel distance between adjacent path units in the candidate path, the personnel walking speed, and the path unit congestion delay, candidate arrival time results are generated in sequence. The path unit congestion delay result is determined by the expected number of people passing through the path unit and the path unit capacity result; If the estimated number of people passing through a path unit does not exceed the path unit's capacity, the path unit's congestion delay result can be recorded as zero. If it exceeds the limit, then generate the corresponding delay result based on the excess portion; Perform flue gas failure screening; for a candidate path of a certain person, sequentially read the candidate arrival time and failure time of each path unit in the candidate path; If the candidate arrival time result is earlier than the path unit failure time result, and the difference between the two is not less than the reserved safety margin result, then the path unit passes the flue gas safety judgment. If the candidate arrival time result is not earlier than the path unit failure time result, or the difference between the two is less than the reserved safety margin result, then the candidate path is marked as a flue gas failure candidate path result and deleted from the candidate path set of the personnel object. The judgment is performed one by one along the sequence of path units in the candidate path. If any path unit fails the flue gas safety judgment, the entire candidate path is deleted. While filtering out candidate paths, a path safety margin result is generated; The path safety margin result is the minimum value of the remaining safety time among all path units in the candidate path when a person moves along the candidate path. Calculate the difference between the path unit failure time result and the candidate arrival time result for each path unit, and take the minimum difference as the path safety margin result for the candidate path. The path safety margin result is used to represent the most unfavorable safety margin in terms of flue gas risk for the candidate path; If the path safety margin result is less than the reserved safety margin result, the candidate path will not proceed to the next step; If the path safety margin result is not less than the reserved safety margin result, then the candidate path is included in the set of safe candidate paths. For a given person object, if all of its candidate paths are deleted, perform an adjacency expansion process once. The adjacency expansion process is as follows: using the adjacent path units of the current path unit of the personnel object as temporary starting points, re-search for reachable exit paths, and re-perform candidate arrival time calculation and flue gas failure screening; The adjacency expansion process is executed only once to determine whether a person object can bypass a failed path through adjacent path units, so as not to cause the algorithm to get stuck in repeated searches. If no safe candidate path is found after adjacency expansion, the path unit where the person is located is recorded as the priority rescue unit result, and a reason result for no safe candidate path is generated. The specific reasons for no safe candidate path are recorded as follows: failure of path units around the starting point, failure of all exit directions, excessively long personnel response time, interruption of channel connection, or conservative screening due to the need for supplementary results at the critical moment. This step regenerates the candidate evacuation route set based on the set of personnel to be optimized, and performs hard screening of candidate routes based on the failure time of route units and the candidate arrival time. The visibility critical time, temperature critical time, and carbon monoxide concentration critical time are converted into path unit failure time results. Then, it is determined whether the path unit is still in a safe passage state when personnel arrive at each path unit, thereby deleting the flue gas failure candidate route results and retaining the safe candidate route set results. This step allows the flue gas hazard critical results to participate in the judgment during the candidate route generation stage, which can avoid geometrically accessible but unsafe paths when personnel actually arrive from entering the subsequent route selection process. The safe candidate route set results, path safety margin results, and priority rescue unit results output in step S2 serve as the data basis for the exit load correction in step S3, the review correction in step S4, and the output of the priority rescue unit, respectively. This achieves a continuous connection from the identification of the reasons for the failure of the basic plan to the generation of the flue gas safe route set.

[0019] In step S3, the exit carrying capacity status result is updated based on the results of the safe candidate path set, the exit carrying capacity duration result is generated, and the path completion duration result is generated based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result, and the exit carrying capacity duration result. The target evacuation path result is determined from the results of the safe candidate path set. The specific contents include: This step performs exit capacity correction and target route determination. It selects from the candidate routes that have passed the flue gas failure screening. Within the range of candidate routes with flue gas safety, it determines whether the exit of each candidate route can accommodate the corresponding flow of people, and selects the target evacuation route with the shorter completion time and the exit not exceeding the limit. Update the exit carrying capacity status results. Since some flue gas failure candidate paths were deleted in step S2, the available exits for some personnel objects have changed. Therefore, the exit predicted arrival number results in step S1 need to be recalculated. Read the results of the set of safe candidate paths, count the number of people who may arrive at each exit within the predicted time window, and generate a revised predicted number of arrivals. The prediction time window can be preset according to the size of the target evacuation area, the simulation time step, or fire management requirements; The revised predicted arrival number is not the final allocated number, but rather the arrival pressure that each exit may experience under the current safe candidate path conditions; Read the effective net width of each exit, the number of people in the current queue at the exit, the available identifier of the exit, the capacity of the front buffer at the exit, and the capacity boundary of the exit, and generate the updated capacity status of the exit. If the exit is marked as impassable, the candidate path corresponding to that exit will not be included in the target path selection. If the exit is under restricted passage, the exit throughput capacity per unit time will be re-determined based on the effective net width of the exit after the restriction. Generate results for the number of people waiting to pass through at the exit, the throughput capacity per unit time at the exit, and the duration of the exit carrying capacity. The number of people waiting to pass through at the exit is obtained by combining the current number of people in the exit queue with the revised predicted number of arrivals. The export throughput capacity per unit time is determined by both the effective net width of the export and the throughput capacity per unit width. The exit carrying time result is generated based on the number of people waiting to pass through the exit and the exit's throughput capacity per unit time. It is used to indicate the time required for the queue of people to dissipate at the exit under the current predicted arrival status. The larger the number of people waiting to pass through exports or the smaller the effective net width of exports, the longer the export carrying time will be. The smaller the number of people waiting to pass through exports or the larger the effective net width of exports, the smaller the export carrying time result. Based on this result, the net exit width, the number of people in the queue, and the predicted number of arrivals can be transformed into algorithmic quantities that can participate in route selection; Calculate the path completion time for each safe candidate path; The path completion time result is jointly determined by the walking time of the personnel along the candidate path, the congestion delay of the channels traversed by the candidate path, and the exit carrying time of the candidate exit. The walking time result is generated based on the candidate path length result and the walking speed result; The channel congestion delay result is generated based on the expected number of people passing through the critical path units in the candidate paths and the path unit capacity result; The export carrying capacity duration result is calculated from the aforementioned export carrying capacity status; The path completion time result is used to represent the estimated total time required for a person to move from their current position to the target exit after selecting a candidate path; For each person to be optimized, the target evacuation route is determined. First, the candidate routes with unavailable exits are deleted from the set of safe candidate routes for that person. Then, the candidate routes whose exit carrying time has exceeded the exit carrying limit are deleted, resulting in the set of candidate routes with available carrying capacity. If the set of available candidate paths is not empty, the candidate path with the shortest path completion time is selected as the target evacuation path. If the difference in path completion time among multiple candidate paths is less than the preset difference boundary, the paths are compared in the following order: path safety margin, exit remaining capacity, and path length. Candidate paths with larger path safety margins, larger remaining exit capacity, and shorter path lengths are given priority. To avoid a large number of people choosing the same exit at the same time, a batch allocation process will be adopted; Generate batch sequence results based on the path safety margin of the personnel to be optimized and the risk status of their respective evacuation zones; Personnel objects with smaller path safety margins are assigned priority, while personnel objects with larger path safety margins are assigned later. After completing the target path allocation for each batch of personnel, immediately update the corrected predicted arrival number, exit carrying time, and exit remaining carrying capacity at the corresponding exit before proceeding to the path allocation for the next batch of personnel. Personnel that have already been assigned will not have their paths changed again with the next batch of personnel in this step. This batch assignment process can reduce the problem of exit overload caused by all personnel simultaneously choosing what seems to be the optimal exit. If a certain personnel object does not have a set of available candidate paths, but still has a safe candidate path that has been screened out by flue gas failure, then the personnel object is marked as an exit-carrying-restricted personnel object result. The result of the exit carrying capacity restricted personnel object indicates that the personnel object is not without a safe path, but that the exit corresponding to its safe candidate path has the risk of exceeding the carrying capacity limit, and needs to be locally corrected by the overload exit transfer process in step S4; If a person has neither a safe candidate path nor a candidate path that carries an available path, then the path unit containing that person is merged into the priority rescue unit result. This step further determines the target evacuation route based on the exit carrying capacity results. By correcting the predicted arrival number, the number of people waiting to pass through the exit, the exit unit time throughput capacity, and the exit carrying capacity duration, the effective net width of the exit, the current number of people in the exit queue, the capacity of the buffer zone before the exit, and the arrival pressure of people within the predicted time window are transformed into exit carrying capacity constraints that can participate in route selection. Then, combined with the walking time and channel congestion delay results, the route completion time is generated. This processing ensures that the target evacuation route is no longer determined solely by the geometric path length, but rather by a pool of candidate paths that already meet the flue gas safety conditions. The method selects paths with shorter completion times and whose exit load capacity is not exceeded. By allocating in batches, the exit load time and remaining exit load results can be updated after each batch of personnel completes the target path allocation, reducing the problem of exit overload amplification caused by personnel selecting the same exit in a concentrated manner. The target evacuation path results, target exit allocation results, path completion time results, exit load time results, and exit load-limited personnel results output in step S3 provide the review objects and correction basis for the single-round feedback correction in step S4, enabling the method to further transition from flue gas safety path screening to exit load-capable executable path selection.

[0020] In step S4, the path safety margin and exit load status are reviewed based on the target evacuation path results. If the review passes, the optimized evacuation plan result is output. If the review fails, a single-round feedback correction is performed, first addressing paths with insufficient safety, then addressing overloaded exits. After correction, the optimized evacuation plan result is output. If the path safety margin or exit load requirements still cannot be met, the priority rescue unit result is output, including: After determining the target evacuation route, a single-round feedback correction is performed. This step is used to conduct an overall review of the target evacuation route and make limited corrections to local problems found during the review. Since the route instructions need to remain stable during fire evacuation, repeated reassignment of routes can easily cause frequent changes in on-site broadcasts, signs, and guide instructions; therefore, the feedback correction is limited to only one execution. Regenerate the path unit passage status and exit passage status based on the target evacuation path results; The status results of the route unit include the expected number of people entering the route unit, the expected entry time of the route unit, the congestion status of the route unit, and the safety margin verification results of the route unit; Read the target evacuation route results for each person object, and summarize the expected entry time of each person object into each route unit according to the route unit order to obtain the expected entry time of the route unit; The results of the path unit failure time are compared with those of the time period to obtain the path unit safety margin verification results; If a target path meets the reserved safety margin result when selected in step S3, but the actual arrival time of personnel in the path unit is delayed due to batch allocation, exit queuing, or congestion in key channels, causing the path unit safety margin verification result to be less than the reserved safety margin result, then the target path is marked as a path with insufficient verification safety margin. The export status results include the export expected arrival number verification results, export carrying capacity verification results, export remaining carrying capacity results, and export overload identification results; Based on the target exit allocation results, the number of people arriving at each exit within the predicted time window is recalculated, and combined with the current number of people in the exit queue, the effective net width of the exit, and the capacity of the front buffer zone of the exit, an exit carrying time verification result is generated. If the exit carrying time verification result exceeds the exit carrying boundary result, or the exit front buffer capacity result is insufficient to accommodate the predicted arrival of personnel, the exit is marked as an overloaded exit result. If there are no results for reviewing unsafe paths and no results for reviewing overloaded exits, generate a pass result for the optimized solution and output the optimized evacuation solution result. The optimized evacuation plan results include target evacuation path results, target exit allocation results, zone release order results, path unit avoidance results, and guidance instruction results. Target evacuation path results are used to determine the movement paths of personnel; target exit allocation results are used to determine the final exits through which personnel will pass; zone release order results are used to determine the order in which different evacuation zones will initiate evacuation; path unit avoidance results are used to mark path units that are unsuitable for entry or prohibited from entry; and guidance instruction results are used for broadcasting, electronic signage, mobile terminals, or on-site guidance personnel. If there are insufficient safety path results or overloaded exit results, perform a single round of feedback correction in a fixed order; The fixed order is: first process the results of reviewing paths with insufficient safety, then process the results of reviewing overloaded exits; If the same person or object belongs to both the review of insufficient safety path results and the review of overloaded exit results, the path replacement shall be performed first based on the review results of the path unit safety margin, and the exit carrying status shall be recalculated after the replacement. This sequence ensures that path safety takes precedence over exit load adjustment, avoiding the transfer of personnel to paths that are unsafe to arrive at, even if the exit is not overloaded. For the results of reviewing the path with insufficient security, the entire path is not recalculated. Instead, an alternative path is selected from the set of security candidate paths already generated in step S2. The alternative path must meet the following requirements: the path safety margin result verification result is not less than the reserved safety margin result, and its corresponding exit is not overloaded under the current exit load condition. If multiple alternative paths exist, select the alternative path with the shorter completion time and larger safety margin, and generate the corrected target path result. If no alternative path exists, the path unit where the person is located is recorded as the priority rescue unit result, and a safety deficiency reason result is generated. The specific reasons for insufficient safety are recorded as follows: arrival time is delayed, path unit failure time is advanced, both adjacent path units fail, channel connection is interrupted, or the critical time is pending supplementary results, leading to conservative screening. For the verification of overloaded export results, the export overload transfer process will be executed; Read the set of personnel objects that have been assigned to the overload exit and generate a transfer cost result for each personnel object; The transfer cost result is used to represent the increased completion time, reduced safety margin, and degree of new channel occupancy after the person is transferred from the current target path to the suboptimal candidate path; Prioritize transferring individuals or groups with lower transfer costs; The candidate path after the transfer should meet three conditions at the same time: the verification result of its path safety margin is not less than the reserved safety margin result; the verification result of its corresponding exit carrying time does not exceed the exit carrying boundary result; and its path unit sequence does not pass through path units that have been marked as insufficient safety in the verification. After the transfer is completed, update the exit carrying time verification results of the original overloaded exit and the new exit; if the exit overload cannot be eliminated after the transfer of a personnel object, continue to select the personnel object with the second smallest transfer cost result for transfer until the exit is no longer overloaded or the number of transferable personnel objects is exhausted. In single-round feedback correction, shared conflict handling is performed on critical path units; Critical path units are path units that are shared by multiple evacuation zones and are prone to local congestion; Read the expected entry time results of personnel objects or groups of personnel objects entering the same critical path unit; If two or more evacuation zones enter the same critical path unit at the same time, and the expected number of people entering exceeds the passage boundary of the critical path unit, then the personnel or personnel groups with smaller path safety margin results will be given priority to pass through, while the personnel or personnel groups with larger path safety margin results will be released later or reassigned to other candidate paths. This process, along with the review of insufficient security path correction and exit overload transfer, is completed in the same round of feedback, and a second round of global reordering is not initiated. After a single round of feedback correction is completed, a correction review result is generated; If the revised target evacuation route results all meet the requirements for path safety margin result verification, and each exit does not exceed the exit carrying capacity boundary result, output the optimized evacuation scheme result; If there are still personnel, path units, or exits that cannot be resolved through path replacement or exit transfer, output the priority rescue unit result; The triggering conditions for the priority rescue unit results include: no safe candidate path exists for the personnel; a safe candidate path exists for the personnel but no available candidate path exists to carry them; the shared conflict of the critical path unit cannot be resolved in a single round of feedback correction; the exit overload cannot be completed by the transfer cost sorting; the interruption of the passage connection causes the path to be unable to be formed; the priority rescue unit results include the priority rescue path unit number, the floor it is located on, the evacuation zone it belongs to, the number of stranded personnel, the reason for not meeting the conditions, and the suggested rescue direction; the reason for not meeting the conditions should be specifically recorded as smoke failure preventing passage, exit carrying capacity being unable to be transferred, critical path unit conflict being unable to be resolved, passage connection interruption, or conservative screening due to the need for supplementary results at the critical moment; This step performs a comprehensive review of the target evacuation routes determined in step S3. If routes with insufficient safety, overloaded exits, or critical path unit sharing conflicts are found, a single-round feedback correction is executed in a fixed order: first addressing routes with insufficient safety, then addressing overloaded exits. This process prioritizes route safety over exit capacity adjustment, preventing the transfer of personnel to routes where the exit is not overloaded but the arrival is unsafe. Simultaneously, the transfer cost results are used to select personnel requiring reassignment, and entry times or candidate routes are adjusted through critical path unit sharing conflict resolution. This can eliminate localized insufficient safety margins and overloaded exits within a limited correction range. The problem of congestion in critical path units is addressed. After a single-round feedback correction, if the target evacuation path results meet the requirements for path safety margin verification and each exit does not exceed the exit carrying capacity boundary, the optimized evacuation scheme results are output. If the problem still cannot be solved by path replacement or exit transfer, the priority rescue unit results are output, along with the reasons for not meeting the conditions and suggested rescue directions. This step transforms the target evacuation path results formed in step S3 into a stable and outputtable optimized evacuation scheme, and forms a clear rescue direction when software optimization fails to meet safety conditions, thus completing the closed-loop processing from initial screening of basic schemes, screening of flue gas failure paths, selection of exit carrying capacity paths to single-round feedback correction.

[0021] This invention discloses a fire evacuation simulation and optimization system for densely populated places, including: a status screening module, a failure screening module, a load distribution module, and a closed-loop correction module, with signal connections between the modules; The initial status screening module divides the target evacuation area into path units, generates path unit status results, exit capacity status results, and basic personnel status results, and generates basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results based on the path unit connection diagram, constructs a basic evacuation status array, and performs an initial feasibility screening of the basic evacuation paths, including path flue gas screening and exit capacity screening. If the initial screening passes, the basic evacuation plan is output; if the initial screening fails, a set of personnel objects to be optimized is generated. Failure screening module: Generates a set of candidate evacuation routes based on the set of personnel to be optimized. Based on the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment in the path unit status results, it generates path unit failure moment results. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival time of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the path unit failure moment results, it deletes flue gas failure candidate routes and forms a set of safe candidate routes. The load allocation module updates the exit load status result based on the results of the safe candidate path set, generates the exit load duration result, and generates the path completion duration result based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result, and the exit load duration result. It also determines the target evacuation path result from the results of the safe candidate path set. Closed-loop correction module: Based on the target evacuation route results, the path safety margin results and exit capacity status are reviewed. If the review passes, the optimized evacuation plan results are output. If the review fails, a single-round feedback correction is performed in the order of first processing the paths with insufficient safety and then processing the exits with overload. After the correction, the optimized evacuation plan results are output. If the path safety margin results or exit capacity requirements still cannot be met, the priority rescue unit results are output.

[0022] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0023] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and inventive constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0025] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0026] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0027] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated areas, characterized in that, Includes steps; Step S1: Divide the target evacuation area into path units, generate path unit status results, exit load status results, and basic personnel status results, and generate basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results based on the path unit connection diagram, construct a basic evacuation status array, and perform preliminary feasibility screening on the basic evacuation paths, including preliminary screening of path flue gas and exit load. If the preliminary screening passes, output the basic evacuation plan; if the preliminary screening fails, generate the set of personnel objects to be optimized. Step S2: Generate a set of candidate evacuation routes based on the set of personnel to be optimized. Based on the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment results in the path unit status results, generate path unit failure moment results. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival time results of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the path unit failure moment results, delete the flue gas failure candidate routes and form a set of safe candidate routes. Step S3: Update the exit carrying capacity status result based on the results of the safe candidate path set, generate the exit carrying capacity duration result, and generate the path completion duration result based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result and the exit carrying capacity duration result. Determine the target evacuation path result from the results of the safe candidate path set. Step S4: Based on the target evacuation route results, verify the route safety margin results and exit carrying capacity status. If the verification passes, output the optimized evacuation plan results. If the review fails, a single-round feedback correction will be performed in the order of first processing the paths with insufficient safety and then processing the overloaded exits. After the correction, the optimized evacuation plan result will be output. If the path safety margin result or exit capacity requirement still cannot be met, the priority rescue unit result will be output.

2. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 1, characterized in that, The boundary of the path unit is determined based on the continuity of personnel movement, similarity of flue gas conditions, clarity of channel connection, and correlation of outlet load capacity. For each path unit, a path unit status result is generated, which includes the path unit number, path unit type, adjacent path unit numbers, evacuation zone, visibility critical time, temperature critical time, carbon monoxide concentration critical time, path unit traffic capacity, and path unit availability identification result.

3. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 2, characterized in that, For path units without flue gas measurement points, the critical moment results are generated according to the following mapping rules: If a path unit without measuring points is in the same closed space as a path unit with measuring points, the critical time result corresponding to the nearest measuring point in the same closed space shall be used. If a path unit without measurement points is located in an open walkway, the critical time results of the adjacent measurement points at both ends of the walkway are used for time interpolation to obtain the corresponding critical time result. If the path unit without measuring points is a stair section, the earlier critical moment result among the measuring points in the stairwell vestibule connected to the stair section and the measuring points in the stairwell vestibules of adjacent floors shall be used. If none of the above conditions can be met, then the path unit is marked as a critical moment to be supplemented.

4. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 2, characterized in that, For each evacuation exit, generate an exit capacity status result, which includes exit number, exit effective net width, number of people in the current queue at the exit, predicted number of people arriving at the exit, exit throughput capacity per unit time, exit capacity boundary result, and exit availability identifier. The effective net width at the exit is adjusted according to the site conditions, and the throughput capacity per unit time at the exit is determined by the results of the effective net width at the exit and the throughput capacity per unit width.

5. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 1, characterized in that, The earliest occurrence of the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment for each path unit is determined as the path unit failure moment result, and the path unit failure type result is generated simultaneously.

6. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 5, characterized in that, For each person object to be optimized, the current path unit result of the person object is used as the starting point and the exit path unit corresponding to the reachable exit is used as the ending point. Candidate paths are searched in the path unit connection graph, and the upper limit of the number of candidate paths and the expansion boundary of the candidate path length are set. Calculate the candidate arrival time of each person object entering each path unit along each candidate path, and delete the flue gas failure candidate path based on the comparison result between the candidate arrival time and the failure time of the path unit. If all candidate paths for a certain person are deleted, an adjacency expansion process is performed, using the adjacent path units of the current path unit of the person as temporary starting points to search for reachable exit paths again and perform flue gas failure screening again. If no safe candidate path is found after adjacency expansion, the path unit containing the person is recorded as the priority rescue unit result.

7. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 1, characterized in that, When updating the exit carrying status result based on the result of the set of safe candidate paths, the number of people who may arrive at each exit within the statistical prediction time window is used to generate the corrected prediction of the number of arrivals. Read the effective net width of each exit, the number of people in the current queue at the exit, the exit availability identifier, the capacity of the front buffer at the exit, and the exit carrying capacity boundary results, and generate the updated exit carrying capacity status results; The system generates the following results: number of people waiting to pass through at the exit, throughput capacity per unit time at the exit, and carrying capacity at the exit. The carrying capacity at the exit is generated based on the number of people waiting to pass through at the exit and throughput capacity per unit time at the exit.

8. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 7, characterized in that, The path completion time of each safety candidate path is calculated. The path completion time is determined by the walking time of the personnel along the candidate path, the congestion delay of the passages traversed by the candidate path, and the exit carrying time of the candidate exit. When determining the target evacuation route for each person to be optimized, the candidate route with the shortest completion time is selected as the target evacuation route. The process is carried out in batches. The batch sequence results are generated according to the path safety margin of the personnel to be optimized and the risk status of the evacuation zone. After the target path allocation of each batch of personnel is completed, the corrected predicted number of arrivals, the exit carrying time, and the remaining capacity of the exit are updated before the path allocation of the next batch of personnel is started.

9. The method for simulating and optimizing fire evacuation in densely populated places according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the target evacuation route results, regenerate the route units and verify them using the status results of the exits; If there are results of insufficient safety in the review path or overloaded exit, perform a single round of feedback correction in a fixed order of first processing the results of insufficient safety in the review path and then processing the results of overloaded exit; For the results of reviewing the insecure path, select an alternative path from the set of secure candidate paths generated in step S2; For the review of the overload exit result, perform the exit overload transfer process, read the set of personnel objects that have been allocated to the overload exit and generate a transfer cost result for each personnel object, and prioritize the personnel objects with smaller transfer cost results for transfer; If the path safety margin or exit capacity requirements still cannot be met after correction, output the priority rescue unit result.

10. A fire evacuation simulation and optimization system for densely populated places, used to implement the fire evacuation simulation and optimization method for densely populated places as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... ； The initial status screening module divides the target evacuation area into path units, generates path unit status results, exit capacity status results, and basic personnel status results, and generates basic evacuation paths and basic arrival time results based on the path unit connection diagram, constructs a basic evacuation status array, and performs an initial feasibility screening of the basic evacuation paths, including path flue gas screening and exit capacity screening. If the initial screening passes, the basic evacuation plan is output; if the initial screening fails, a set of personnel objects to be optimized is generated. Failure screening module: Generates a set of candidate evacuation routes based on the set of personnel to be optimized. Based on the visibility critical moment, temperature critical moment, and carbon monoxide concentration critical moment in the path unit status results, it generates path unit failure moment results. Based on the comparison between the candidate arrival time of personnel along the candidate evacuation routes and the path unit failure moment results, it deletes flue gas failure candidate routes and forms a set of safe candidate routes. The load allocation module updates the exit load status result based on the results of the safe candidate path set, generates the exit load duration result, and generates the path completion duration result based on the walking time result of the candidate evacuation path, the path unit congestion delay result, and the exit load duration result. It also determines the target evacuation path result from the results of the safe candidate path set. Closed-loop correction module: Based on the target evacuation route results, the path safety margin results and exit capacity status are reviewed. If the review is successful, the optimized evacuation plan results are output. If the review fails, a single-round feedback correction will be performed in the order of first processing the paths with insufficient safety and then processing the overloaded exits. After the correction, the optimized evacuation plan result will be output. If the path safety margin result or exit capacity requirement still cannot be met, the priority rescue unit result will be output.

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