Hydrocyclone, system and method for separating components from a dispersed liquid

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrocyclone (10) comprising an upper section (12) with an inlet (14), a lower section (20) with an at least partly conical first inner peripheral surface (22), and a securing device (30) reversibly movable between a first position and a second position, wherein, when the securing device (30) is in the first position, the upper section (12) is rotatable relative to the lower section (20) about a central longitudinal axis (M) of the hydrocyclone (10), and wherein, when the securing device (30) is in the second position, the upper section (12) is rotationally secured to the lower section (20). The invention further relates to a system having such a hydrocyclone and to a method for separating components of higher specific weight from a dispersed liquid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrocyclone, a system having at least one hydrocyclone, and a method for separating heavier components from a dispersed liquid. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrocyclone is a centrifugal separator used to separate emulsions and suspensions by utilizing the density differences of the substances to be separated. In a hydrocyclone, the emulsion or suspension (often referred to as a dispersion) is typically steered along a circular path within the separation chamber, forming a first vortex that flows towards the so-called lower channel. The heavier component of the dispersion exits the hydrocyclone through this lower channel. As the separation chamber tapers towards the lower channel in the conical section of the hydrocyclone, a second vortex is also formed, expanding towards the upper channel opposite to the lower channel. The lighter component exits the hydrocyclone through this upper channel. To enable integration of the hydrocyclone into, for example, filtration equipment or electrochemical production equipment, the hydrocyclone also has at least one inlet for the dispersion and an outlet for both components. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Against this backdrop, the object of the present invention is to provide a hydrocyclone that can be manufactured relatively cost-effectively and can be adjusted and modified relatively flexibly according to installation or connection conditions. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to provide a corresponding system and a corresponding method for separating heavier components from a dispersed liquid.

[0004] This objective is achieved by a hydrocyclone having the features of claim 1, a system according to claim 12, and a method having the features of claim 15.

[0005] The hydrocyclone includes: an upper section with an inlet; a lower section having a first inner circumferential surface that is at least partially conical; and a fixing device reversibly movable between a first position and a second position. When the fixing device is in the first position, the upper section is rotatable relative to the lower section about the central longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone. Furthermore, when the fixing device is in the second position, the upper section is fixed to the lower section in an anti-rotation manner. The conical first inner circumferential surface preferably defines the central longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone.

[0006] In this way, even after a portion of the hydrocyclone (particularly the lower section) has been fixed in its final installation position, the upper section can still rotate relative to the lower section. Therefore, the inlet can be flexibly positioned to allow for precise and efficient connection of the hydrocyclone's input piping. Furthermore, the upper section can be adjusted circumferentially by loosening the fixing device (i.e., moving the fixing device from its second position to its first position), thus allowing for reorientation of the upper section as needed.

[0007] In the context of this disclosure, the term "upper" refers to the upper flow channel of the hydrocyclone, and the term "lower" refers to the lower flow channel of the hydrocyclone. That is, "upper" can refer to the upper flow channel side, and "lower" can refer to the lower flow channel side. The upper section can be arranged adjacent to the upper flow channel accordingly, and thus closer to the upper flow channel than the lower section. Conversely, the lower section can be arranged adjacent to the lower flow channel accordingly, and thus closer to the lower flow channel than the upper section. The installation position (orientation) of the hydrocyclone is not actually affected by this. In particular, the term "upper" should not be understood as vertically above, or the term "lower" should not be understood as vertically below.

[0008] The upper section (also known as the hydrocyclone body, cylindrical section, or (cylindrical) upper part) is preferably designed as a single (integral) component. This component can be reversibly (without damage) fixed to the lower section, especially by means of a fixing device, and can also (equally reversibly) be separated from the lower section. The hydrocyclone wall formed by the upper and lower sections defines the internal region of the hydrocyclone.

[0009] Preferably, the upper section is constructed as a single piece (i.e., seamless / monolithic / “one-piece casting”). Specifically, the upper section may only be connected to the overflow nozzle, the inlet port (which opens into the internal area of ​​the hydrocyclone at the upper section inlet), the lower section, and / or the fixing device, as detailed below. Only the inlet port can be permanently (without being disassembled without damage) connected to the upper section; the overflow nozzle, fixing device, and / or the lower section can be detachably fixed to the upper section, especially when the fixing device is in the second position. Therefore, the hydrocyclone can be compact and relatively stable. Maintenance costs can be kept low.

[0010] The upper section preferably includes a through-hole extending axially through the upper section from its axial surface (at its center). This through-hole may include a first region in the axial direction, originating from a surface opposite to the lower section. Furthermore, the through-hole may also include a second region between the first region and the internal region of the hydrocyclone. The diameter of the through-hole in the first region is preferably larger than the diameter in the second region.

[0011] At the boundary between the first and second regions, a radial first flange surface can be formed accordingly, at which a seal can be provided between the upper section and the overflow nozzle. For this purpose, a first groove can be formed on the first flange surface or on the radially extending surface of the overflow nozzle corresponding to the first flange surface, in which a sealing ring (e.g., an O-ring) can be accommodated. Furthermore, a thread (particularly an internal thread) can be formed on a first section of the upper section, comprising a surface of the upper section opposite to the lower section, the thread being configured to engage with another thread (particularly an external thread) of the overflow nozzle corresponding to the first thread. The second section of the upper section can define a second region of the through-hole.

[0012] The third section of the upper segment can be axially disposed on the side of the second section opposite to the first section, and its inner diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the first and / or second sections of the upper segment. Preferably, the inner circumferential surface of the third section (hereinafter also referred to as the second inner circumferential surface) is designed to be cylindrical. Therefore, the second inner circumferential surface of the third section is preferably part of the separation cavity of the hydrocyclone. This second inner circumferential surface can particularly define the cylindrical space portion of the hydrocyclone. Most preferably, the outer circumferential surface of the upper segment is designed to be cylindrical at least in the first to third sections, and most preferably also in the fourth section, thereby enabling the hydrocyclone to be manufactured very efficiently.

[0013] The inlet port can be directly connected to the upper section, preferably to the third section of the upper section. Advantageously, the inlet port is connected to the upper section in a material-fitting manner. The inlet opening can also preferably be constructed in the third section. Preferably, when viewed along the longitudinal axis of the inlet port, the inlet opening has a rectangular cross-section. Therefore, the inlet can be designed as a flat nozzle in a substantially flow-optimized manner. The inlet that leads into the internal region (defined by the inlet port) at the inlet can be designed as a tangential inlet.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper segment may include a fourth segment on the side of the third segment opposite to the second segment. The inner diameter of the upper segment in the fourth segment may be larger than the inner diameter of the upper segment in the first, second, and / or third segments. Therefore, a second flange surface extending radially outward from the inner circumferential surface of the third segment may be constructed at the boundary between the third and fourth segments.

[0015] When the fixing device is in the second position, the lower section can contact the second flange surface. To seal the internal region of the hydrocyclone relative to the external environment at the second flange surface, a surrounding second groove can be constructed in the second flange surface and / or in the surface of the lower section corresponding to the second flange surface, within which a sealing ring can be disposed. The outer peripheral surface of the fourth section of the upper section can be threaded (hereinafter also referred to as the second thread). This (second) thread is preferably an external thread.

[0016] The lower section (also called the swirl cone, conical section, or (conical) lower portion) is preferably designed as another (monolithic) component. Unlike the upper section, the lower section may preferably not be constructed as a single, seamless unit. Instead, the lower section may comprise a plurality of axially adjacent, interconnected sections. The number of these sections may be, for example, at least two, at least three, or at least four. Preferably, each section of the lower section is itself made of a single, seamless, or monolithic material. Furthermore, these sections may be connected to each other, for example, by welding, with the materials fitting together. The first inner circumferential surface of the hydrocyclone may be aligned at the transition between the first and second sections of the lower section. The transition between the second inner circumferential surface of the upper section (located at the third section) and the first inner circumferential surface of the lower section may preferably be designed steplessly.

[0017] Advantageously, the lower section can therefore be produced cost-effectively and efficiently, for example by turning, from relatively simple semi-finished products (e.g., bars or thick-walled tubes of solid material) with its at least partially conical inner circumferential surface. Thus, the lower section can be particularly durable. Most preferably, the outer circumferential surface of the lower section is cylindrical for at least 80% or 90% of its axial length. In other words, when viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis, the profile of the lower section is circular for at least 80% or 90% of its axial length.

[0018] Preferably, all components defining the internal region of the hydrocyclone (especially the lower and upper sections) are made of plastic, such as high-strength plastic. Additionally, the inlet port, overflow nozzle, and / or underflow nozzle may also be made of plastic. Specifically, the upper and lower sections may be made of a first type of plastic. The various sections of the lower section may be made of a second type of plastic. The second type of plastic may be the same as the first type. Each plastic mentioned herein may be one of the following: polypropylene (PP), natural polypropylene (PP-N), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0019] Preferably, the fixing device is held securely on the lower section in a non-loosening manner. That is, the fixing device is not only in its second position (where it secures the lower section to the upper section), but is permanently and reliably positioned on the lower section (provided the hydrocyclone is not damaged). In this state, the fixing device can be axially displaced between its first and second positions and between one or more intermediate positions.

[0020] Advantageously, anti-loosening can be achieved by constructing a first axial stop and a second axial stop for securing the device on the lower section, wherein the first and second stops for securing the device are insurmountable. For this purpose, the securing device can extend primarily along the entire outer circumference of the lower section, and its inner diameter can be smaller than the outer diameters of the first and second stops. The lower section can have an upper region adjacent to the upper section, which has a radial protrusion (also called a collar). This radial protrusion can include a third flange surface on its bottom side, which can form the first stop of the securing device. In a second position, the securing device preferably contacts the first stop. The second stop can be formed by a fixing flange, which will be described in detail below. In a first position, the securing device can, for example, rest against this fixing flange.

[0021] In a favorable synergistic manner, the radial protrusion can serve not only as an anti-loosening mechanism but also, as described at the outset, as an anti-rotation device to secure the upper section to the lower section. Further synergistic effects can be achieved through a fixing flange, which not only easily secures the hydrocyclone to its mounting position but also prevents the fixing device from detaching from the lower section. Therefore, both the radial protrusion and the fixing flange described below can serve a dual function.

[0022] Typically, the fixing device can be designed to axially press the upper and lower sections together when the fixing device is in the second position. Here, the fixing device can be configured to pull the upper section to the lower section when the fixing device is in the second position. Specifically, the fixing device can be designed to apply pressure to the radial protrusion in the axial direction in its second position. The fixing device can be supported on the radial protrusion on the side opposite to the upper section (lower side) so that the upper section is pressed to the lower section via a helical connection (in the second position).

[0023] To achieve this force application, in a variant, the fixing device may include a first thread. When the fixing device is in a first and / or second position, this first thread can engage with a second thread constructed on the upper section (particularly the fourth section of the upper section). Preferably, in this variant, the fixing device may include or be designed as a lock nut. Therefore, the first thread can be constructed on the lock nut. Accordingly, the first thread may be an internal thread. A third stop of the lock nut may be constructed at the lower end of the lock nut opposite to the upper section. It may extend radially inward.

[0024] Preferably, when the fixing device is in the first and / or second position, the second thread (radial direction) is at least partially disposed between the lower section and the fixing device. Specifically, the fourth section of the upper section can be designed as a sleeve. The fourth section of the upper section may have the second thread on its outer or inner circumferential surface. Alternatively, when the fixing device is in the first and / or second position, the first thread may be at least partially disposed between the lower and upper sections. In the latter case, the axial portion of the fixing device on which the first thread is constructed may be designed as a sleeve.

[0025] In all the variants described herein, the retaining device can engage with the upper section in its first position and / or its second position. The (third) flange face present on the radial protrusion can serve as a collar projecting radially outward on the lower section, which is contacted by a third stop (located radially inward on the retaining device), specifically, at least when the retaining device is in the second position, and optionally, also when the retaining device is in the first position. The above applies regardless of whether either the first thread constructed on the retaining device or the second thread constructed on the upper section is designed as an internal or external thread.

[0026] As a result, the upper section can be placed or inserted onto the lower section, its position adjusted by rotation about the central longitudinal axis, and then fixed to the lower section by means of a fixing device. When, for example, the upper section contacts the lower section, the fixing device (especially a lock nut) can engage with the upper section. At this time, the first thread can engage with the second thread. As long as the fixing device is in its first position (in which it is not yet clamped to the upper section), the upper section can be axially displaced together with the fixing device, restricted on the one hand by the radial protrusion (which acts as a stop for the third flange surface of the lock nut), and on the other hand by the axial upper end face of the lower section (which can form a stop for the second flange surface). In this state, the upper section can still rotate about the central longitudinal axis.

[0027] Then, by bringing the fixing device to its second position, a frictional fit is formed between the lower and upper sections (especially at the upper end of the lower section), which serves to prevent rotation. This can be achieved, in particular, by bolting the lock nut onto the second thread. Therefore, the desired fixation can be achieved relatively quickly and easily. If needed, the fixing device / lock nut can be brought back to its first position, where the engagement between the first and second threads is partially or completely disengaged, allowing the upper section to be readjusted by rotation about the central longitudinal axis.

[0028] In another variant, the hydrocyclone further includes a (first) flange ring abutting against the top surface of the upper section opposite to the lower section. Additionally, a bolted connection device can be provided to bolt the flange ring to the fixing device when the fixing device is in the first and / or second position. Preferably, in this variant, the fixing device is also designed as a flange ring (hereinafter referred to as the second flange ring). The bolted connection device can be designed to clamp the radial protrusion of the lower section and the upper section between the first and second flange rings, fixing the upper section to the lower section in a rotation-resistant manner (wherein the fixing device / second flange ring is in the second position). For this purpose, the bolted connection device can include a plurality of bolts extending parallel to the central longitudinal axis, arranged on the outer periphery of the upper section. Bolt heads or nuts can be provided on the ends of the bolts for pre-tightening.

[0029] As already described, the hydrocyclone may include the aforementioned fixing flange, which serves both as an anti-loosening mechanism for the fixing device and as a means of securing the hydrocyclone to its installation position. Preferably, the fixing flange extends radially outward from the lower section on the side of the fixing device opposite to the upper section. The fixing flange is preferably designed as a flange ring; it can extend circumferentially, particularly along the entire outer periphery of the lower section.

[0030] In a particularly advantageous design, the flange ring is also made of plastic, most preferably of the same material as the lower section or the section of the lower section to which the fixing flange is attached. Furthermore, it is preferable that the fixing flange material is fitted together, particularly by weld, and fixedly connected to the lower section. This method allows for relatively easy manufacture of the hydrocyclone by placing the fixing device at the lower end of the lower section opposite the radial protrusion, then placing the fixing flange also onto the lower section from the lower end, and finally securing it to the lower section as a stop. Advantageously, a third flange ring can be used collaboratively as another inexpensive component on the hydrocyclone, which is cylindrical on the outside.

[0031] On the upper flow side, the hydrocyclone may also include an overflow nozzle. Advantageously, this overflow nozzle is arranged spaced apart from the fixing device. Furthermore, the overflow nozzle can advantageously be screwed into the upper section. This allows the overflow nozzle to be replaced relatively quickly and easily without affecting the connection between the upper and lower sections. Therefore, the hydrocyclone can be maintained efficiently, cost-effectively, and with material protection. In a synergistic manner, this design also extends maintenance intervals.

[0032] Particularly advantageous in this respect is that the hydrocyclone, as a kit, is equipped with multiple overflow nozzles, which are interchangeable and can have different sizes of inner cross-sections. Specifically, the first overflow nozzle has a first inner diameter, and the second overflow nozzle has a second inner diameter. The second inner diameter can be smaller than the first inner diameter. Each inner diameter of the overflow nozzle described herein can be the smallest inner diameter of the overflow nozzle's immersion tube. The connection sections (e.g., external threads) of the first and second overflow nozzles, configured for connection to the upper section, can be identical to achieve interchangeability.

[0033] Based on the known principle that an increase in pressure difference between the inlet and the upper channel is generally accompanied by a decrease in the separated particle size of a hydrocyclone, the inventors have recognized that in practical applications of hydrocyclones, the increased flow velocity at the inlet due to the increased pressure upstream of the inlet (e.g., by correspondingly increasing the conveying power of the conveying device used to introduce the medium into the hydrocyclone) not only causes a change in inlet pressure that is crucial for the separated particle size (especially an increase), but also exacerbates cavitation within the hydrocyclone. Cavitation has been found, especially under conditions of localized low static pressure, combined with high flow velocities of the medium. The result may be increased wear.

[0034] To avoid this cavitation, the present invention allows for the replacement of the second overflow nozzle with a first overflow nozzle of smaller inner diameter. This reduces the flow velocity within the hydrocyclone while maintaining a constant inlet-side static pressure, thus also reducing cavitation. Therefore, the replaceable overflow nozzle not only effectively maintains the hydrocyclone in a synergistic manner but also extends the maintenance cycle.

[0035] As described above, the hydrocyclone can be assembled as a component. The components of this component can be, in particular, the following: an upper section together with an inlet port connected thereto; a lower section together with a mounting flange disposed thereto; a fixing device; an overflow nozzle; an underflow nozzle; and / or another locking nut for securing the underflow nozzle to the end of the lower section on the downstream side.

[0036] In another preferred variant, the hydrocyclone thus includes an underflow nozzle with another inner circumferential surface. Preferably, this other inner circumferential surface has a cylindrical section adjacent to the outlet opening of the underflow nozzle. This reduces the outlet angle of the underflow nozzle (the angle at which the heavier component leaves the hydrocyclone through the underflow nozzle), allowing the heavier component to collect better after flowing out. The inner circumferential surface of the underflow nozzle may also have a tapered section. The circumferential transition between the lower section and the underflow nozzle can be designed steplessly. The opening angle of the tapered section of the underflow nozzle can preferably be larger than the opening angle of the tapered inner circumferential surface of the lower section to improve discharge via the downflow channel.

[0037] The outer circumferential surface of the underflow nozzle can also be primarily cylindrical. At the lower end of the underflow nozzle facing the lower section, a radially outwardly extending collar can be constructed as a stop for another locking nut configured to secure the underflow nozzle to the lower section. This locking nut may include internal threads, which can be configured to engage with external threads formed on the lower section. A surrounding seal can be provided in a groove on the contact surface between the lower section and the underflow nozzle for sealing.

[0038] The system proposed herein includes at least one hydrocyclone as detailed above and a collection container with a cover, the cover including at least one through-hole. Preferably, the lower section of the hydrocyclone passes through the through-hole. Furthermore, the lower section can be fixed to the cover in a rotation-resistant manner relative to the central longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone.

[0039] Most preferably, the fixing flange is supported on the cover. In particular, the lower section (and consequently the hydrocyclone) can be directly fixed to the cover. Preferably, the lower section is fixed to the cover by spiral bolts. For this purpose, through holes can be made in the fixing flange, each through which bolts partially accommodated in and fixed to the cover can pass.

[0040] Therefore, during system assembly, it is advantageous to first secure each hydrocyclone to the cover, then place the upper section onto the lower section and pre-position it. After pre-positioning, the securing device can be in its first position, in which the upper section can still rotate about the central longitudinal axis, even if the securing device may already be (non-fixedly) connected to the upper section. Then, the securing device can be flexibly moved to its second position first, and one or more hydrocyclones can be connected to the fluid-guiding system components, such as inlet pipes and upper flow channel pipes, or the connections can be made first, followed by anti-rotation securing. Thus, assembly can be performed flexibly, yet precisely, reliably, and efficiently.

[0041] Specifically, if the system includes at least two hydrocyclones (optionally at least three, four, or seven hydrocyclones), the system may also have a fluid distributor. This fluid distributor can be used to distribute the dispersed liquid to be separated (“filtered”) by the system. Preferably, all hydrocyclones are connected in parallel with each other within the system and / or at the fluid distributor. For this purpose, the fluid distributor may include an inlet and at least two outlets. The number of outlets of the fluid distributor is preferably equal to the number of hydrocyclones in the system. The outlets of the fluid distributor may be individually connected to one of the hydrocyclones to guide the fluid, i.e., each outlet is distributed to one hydrocyclone.

[0042] In a preferred variant, the conical section of the fluid distributor can extend into the internal region of the fluid distributor. The tip of the conical section can point towards the inlet to achieve a uniform distribution of the medium / dispersed liquid. Furthermore, preferably, the outlet of the collection container is fluidly connected to the system's fluid container (e.g., a mixing container for electrochemical processes) via at least one pressureless filter. This pressureless filter can be, for example, a bag filter. This allows for synergistically achieving not only continuous, constant filtration or separation at higher flow rates, but also filtration of heavier components, thereby reducing material requirements and costs.

[0043] The method proposed herein is used to separate (at least) a heavier component from a dispersed liquid. It goes without saying that the dispersed liquid comprises a heavier component and a lighter component, wherein the latter may also be separated. The dispersed liquid may preferably be an emulsion or a suspension. Therefore, the method may particularly include separating solid particles from a suspension. Furthermore, the method may include pressurizing the dispersed liquid (especially the suspension) and introducing the pressurized dispersed liquid (suspension) into a corresponding inlet of at least one hydrocyclone described in detail above. Moreover, the method can be implemented using the system described above, wherein the pressurized dispersed liquid is correspondingly introduced into each hydrocyclone of the system.

[0044] The method can also have any, and in particular all, of the features described above in combination with the hydrocyclone and system. Specifically, the method can include any functionality of the hydrocyclone / system and its components as method steps. Attached Figure Description

[0045] A preferred embodiment of the hydrocyclone, a system having at least one such hydrocyclone, and a separation method will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0046] Figure 1 A three-dimensional overall view of a variant of the hydrocyclone is shown, with the fixing device in its second position;

[0047] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The diagram shows a front view of a hydrocyclone, with the fixing device in its second position.

[0048] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of the hydrocyclone shown.

[0049] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A side view of the hydrocyclone shown, taken along the inlet port direction, with the fixing device in its second position;

[0050] Figure 5 A three-dimensional overall view of another variant of the hydrocyclone is shown, with the fixing device in its second position;

[0051] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 The hydrocyclone shown is a longitudinal sectional view including the central longitudinal axis, with the fixing device in its second position;

[0052] Figure 7 It shows Figure 5 The diagram shows a front view of a hydrocyclone, with the fixing device in its second position.

[0053] Figure 8 It shows Figure 5 A side view of the hydrocyclone in the middle, taken along the inlet port direction, with the fixing device in its second position;

[0054] Figure 9 It shows having Figure 1 A front view of the hydrocyclone system, with the fixed device in its second position;

[0055] Figure 10 It shows multiple bases Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of another system of the hydrocyclone, in which the fixing devices of the hydrocyclone are all in their second position;

[0056] Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the system;

[0057] Figure 12 It shows Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of the fluid collector in the medium system;

[0058] Figure 13 A cross-sectional view of the fluid collector of another system with seven hydrocyclones is shown;

[0059] Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 Another fluid distributor in the system;

[0060] Figure 15 A fluid distributor is shown with Figure 5 The combination of hydrocyclones in the middle;

[0061] Figure 16 A fluid distributor is shown with Figure 1 The combination of hydrocyclones in the middle; and

[0062] Figure 17 A method for separating heavier components from a dispersion liquid is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0063] Figures 1 to 4 The image shows a hydrocyclone 10. Hydrocyclones 10 are typically used to separate heavier components (and lighter components) from a dispersed liquid. Specifically, hydrocyclones 10 can be used to separate a dispersed liquid (especially an emulsion or suspension) into a heavier component (discharged through the lower part of the hydrocyclone) and a lighter component (discharged through the upper part of the hydrocyclone). For this purpose, a hydrocyclone typically includes an upper section 12, a lower section 20, and a fixing device 30 designed to securely connect the lower section 20 to the upper section 12.

[0064] The upper section 12 includes an inlet 14, through which an inlet port 15 allows access to a separation cavity defined by the upper section 12 and the lower section 20. The lower section 20 has a first inner circumferential surface 22 that is at least partially tapered. The fixing device 30 is reversibly movable / displaced between a first position and a second position. Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the diagram. When the fixing device 30 is in the first position, the upper section 12 can rotate relative to the lower section 20 about the central longitudinal axis M of the hydrocyclone 10. In this position, the fixing device can be axially displaced relative to the lower section 20. However, when the fixing device 30 is in the second position, the upper section 12 is fixed to the lower section 20 in an anti-rotation manner. In this state, the fixing device 30 can only be displaced relative to the lower section 20 by releasing this anti-rotation mechanism. Figure 1 As shown and explained in detail below, the fixing device 30 is reliably held on the lower section 20.

[0065] The upper section 12, lower section 20, and fixing device 30 are all designed as non-destructive separable components. Currently, the upper section 12 is manufactured seamlessly (from a single workpiece). The lower section 20 includes a first section 28 and a second section 29. The first section 28 (seamlessly) is manufactured from a single workpiece. The second section 29 is manufactured from another single workpiece. The fixing device 30 can also be manufactured from a single workpiece. Preferably, the upper section 12 is made of the same material as the first section 28, the second section 29, and / or the fixing device 30. Currently, this material is plastic, particularly polypropylene (PP) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The portions of the lower section 20 can be axially butted together, and the materials are directly joined together (particularly by welding). This allows for efficient use of the manufacturing precision in the lower section, whereby the inner circumferential surface 22 is individually cut using multiple tapered portions formed by the first section 28 and the second section 29.

[0066] Structurally, the hydrocyclone 10 has the advantage of being able to be precisely manufactured from inexpensive and relatively simple semi-finished products (especially rods). The upper section 12 can define the cylindrical space portion of the hydrocyclone 10 internally. The receiving portion for the overflow nozzle 50 extends axially from the surface 11 (the end face on the upper flow channel side) of the hydrocyclone 10 opposite to the lower section 20 to the cylindrical space portion of the internal region 23 of the hydrocyclone 10. Therefore, the overflow nozzle 50 is provided separately / spaced apart from the fixing device 30 so that it can be replaced individually without affecting the fastening function of the fixing device 30.

[0067] The overflow nozzle 50 is preferably screwed into the receiving portion. Here, the threads of the overflow nozzle 50 can engage with the threads provided on the first section 17 of the upper section 12 and pass through the axial through hole in the second section 18 of the upper section 12. The immersion tube 52 of the overflow nozzle 50 extends axially from the radially facing inner surface of the upper section 12 (which defines a cylindrical space portion on the top side (through the second section 18)) and enters the cylindrical space portion. This allows lighter components to be discharged from the hydrocyclone 10 in an optimized flow manner. Furthermore, the hydrocyclone 10 can include a plurality of overflow nozzles 50 with different immersion tube inner diameters that are interchangeable with each other as components, so that the hydrocyclone 10 can be adjusted in an optimized flow manner and efficiently according to the desired use purpose.

[0068] Advantageously designed as a tangential inlet, the inlet port 15 leads into the internal region 23 of the hydrocyclone 10 at the inlet 14. The inlet 14 can be constructed at the third section 19 of the upper section 12, which is adjacent to the second section 18 of the upper section 12 on the lower flow path side. The inlet port 15 is made from a single piece (seamless), preferably using the same material as the upper section 12, and is attached to the upper section as a component in a manner that prevents disassembly without damage (particularly through material fit). Therefore, the upper section 12, on which the inlet port 15 is located, is characterized by its cost-effective manufacturing. The inlet 14 preferably has a rectangular cross-section when viewed along the longitudinal axis of the inlet port 15; the inlet port 15 is thus designed as a flat nozzle to optimize flow.

[0069] In order to couple the lower section 12 to the upper section 12 in an anti-rotation manner in the second position of the fixing device 30, when the fixing device 30 is in its second position, it is preferable to form a friction fit between the end face section on the lower flow channel side of the upper section 12 and the end face section on the upper flow channel side of the lower section 20. For this purpose, the inner diameter of the fourth section 21 of the upper section 12 (arranged on the lower flow channel side relative to the third section 19 of the upper section 12) is larger than that of the third section 19. The surface facing the lower flow channel of the hydrocyclone 10 thus forms the end face section on the lower flow channel side of the upper section 12. In the upper end region 24 of the lower section 20 adjacent to the upper section 12, the lower section has a radial (here radially outward) protrusion 26, which forms a stop of the fixing device 30 (also referred to as the third stop in this specification).

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fixing device 30 is configured to axially press the upper section 12 and the lower section 20 together when the fixing device 30 is in the second position. In particular, the fixing device 30 is designed to apply pressure to the radial protrusion 26 in the axial direction A in its second position. For this purpose, in this variant, the fixing device 30 is advantageously designed as a lock nut.

[0071] The fixing device 30 thus includes a first thread 32 (in the form of an internal thread). At the upper section 12, particularly at the sleeve-shaped fourth section 21, a second thread 16 (in the form of an external thread) corresponding to the first thread 32 is also constructed. When the fixing device 30 is in the second position, the first thread 32 and the second thread 16 engage with each other, as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. Due to the sleeve-shaped design of the fourth section 21, when the fixing device 30 is in the second position, the second thread 16 can be advantageously and space-savingly arranged at least partially between the lower section 20 and the fixing device 30.

[0072] To reliably secure the fixing device 30 to the lower section 20, the hydrocyclone 10 also includes a fixing flange 40, designed as a flange ring, which extends radially outward from the lower section 20 on the side of the fixing device 30 opposite to the upper section 12. On the upper flow channel side, a radial protrusion 26 is designed to restrict axial movement of the fixing device 30. On the lower flow channel side, the fixing flange 40 forms another stop for the fixing device 30. That is, the fixing flange 40 is designed to restrict axial downward movement of the fixing device 30.

[0073] As described above, the fixing device 30, in its first position, allows the upper segment 12 to rotate relative to the lower segment 20 about the central longitudinal axis M. Therefore, the first position of the fixing device 30 can be such that the stop (locking nut) of the fixing device 30 is located between the fixing flange 40 and the radial protrusion 26, but does not contact the radial protrusion 26. In the second position, the stop of the fixing device 30 can contact the radial protrusion 26, and the fixing device 30 can engage with the upper segment 12, thereby forming a force-fit / friction-fit between the lower segment 20 and the upper segment 12. For ease of pre-positioning, the fixing device 30 can also engage with the upper segment 12 in its first position and / or its second position. Preferably, the engagement in the first position is only a partial engagement, i.e., in this case, the fixing device 30 / locking nut is not bolted together.

[0074] At the end opposite to the upper section, a bottom nozzle 54 is fixed to the lower section 20. The bottom nozzle 54 includes another inner circumferential surface 56 with a cylindrical section 58 adjacent to the outlet opening 60 of the bottom nozzle 54. Figure 1 As shown, the opening angles of the first inner circumferential surface 22 and the other inner circumferential surface 56 are different, causing the flow channel to contract downwards in the underflow nozzle 54 at a faster rate than the conical space portion of the inner circumferential surface 23. Similar to the lower section 20, the underflow nozzle 54 has a collar, and a stop for a locking nut used to secure the underflow nozzle 54 to the lower section 20 contacts this collar on its bottom side. Furthermore, the hydrocyclone 10 can be packaged as a kit including multiple underflow nozzles 54, which have different shapes of second inner circumferential surfaces 56, for optimal configuration for desired operating conditions.

[0075] Figures 5 to 8 Another hydrocyclone 10 shown is Figure 1 The difference in the hydrocyclone 10 shown is that the former also includes a first flange ring 34 and a bolt connection device 36. The first flange ring is attached to the surface 11 of the upper section 12 opposite to the lower section 20. When the fixing device 30 is in the first position and / or the second position, the first flange ring 34 is bolted to the fixing device 30 through the bolt connection device. Figures 5 to 8 The second position is shown. In the first position, the retaining device 30 can be spaced apart from the radial protrusion 26. Preferably, in this variant, the retaining device 30 is designed as a second flange ring instead of a lock nut.

[0076] The bolted connection device 36 includes a plurality of bolted connectors arranged at regular intervals around the upper section in a circumferential direction. By bolting these bolted connectors, radial protrusions can press against the bottom surface of the upper section 12 in a direction parallel to the central longitudinal axis M to create a frictional fit there, intended to achieve the anti-rotation described at the outset. In this variant, each bolted connector includes a bolt with a bolt head and a threaded section, wherein the threaded section extends parallel to the central longitudinal axis M along the outer circumferential surface of the upper section 12. A nut (e.g., a lock nut) is tightened at the end opposite the bolt head, which abuts against the opposite side of the other flange ring at the (first or second) flange ring located there. Furthermore, Figures 5 to 8 The hydrocyclone 10 shown includes Figure 1 All features of the hydrocyclone 10 shown.

[0077] Figure 9 The system 100 shown includes Figure 1 The system 100 may include a hydrocyclone 10. Furthermore, the system 100 may include a collection container 110 with a cover 112, wherein the cover 112 includes at least one through-hole. If the system 100 (as in the variant described below) includes multiple hydrocyclones 10, each hydrocyclone 10 may be associated with one through-hole. In this respect, the description below concerning the hydrocyclone 10 or the through-hole applies accordingly to all other hydrocyclones 10 and through-holes.

[0078] The lower section 20 of the hydrocyclone 10 passes through a through hole and is preferably fixed to the cover 112 in a rotation-resistant manner relative to the central longitudinal axis M of the hydrocyclone 10. For this purpose, the mounting flange 40 of the hydrocyclone 10 may include one or more holes 42, 44, with associated bolts (not shown) engaging these holes for securing the hydrocyclone 10 to the cover 112. Figure 9 As shown, the fixed flange 40 is advantageously supported on the cover 112. Another synergistic effect of the fixed flange 40, which extends radially outward from the lower section 20, is to provide stability for the hydrocyclone 10 on the cover 112. Since the lower section 20 is fixed to the cover 112 in an anti-rotational manner, the fixing device 30 can be moved to its second position in a relatively precise manner.

[0079] The dispersed liquid is fed along an inflow path to the hydrocyclone 10, which preferably extends through one or more of the following system sections, which may be arranged in this order at the inflow path, wherein these system sections may be interconnected in a fluid-guiding manner (see also...). Figure 11The following components are included: a fluid container 118 (particularly a feed container) for dispersing liquids; a first valve 132; a conveying device 134 (particularly a running pump); a flow measurement mechanism 136; a second valve 138; an inlet pressure gauge 140; and a fluid distributor 120, if optionally equipped with multiple hydrocyclones 10. An underflow nozzle 54 is preferably located in the internal region of the collection container 110, allowing heavier components (in the case of suspensions, particularly solid particles) to flow freely into the collection container 110 after diffusion through the corresponding outlet opening 60 (i.e., without additional flow guidance). Alternatively, a drip tube 55 may be provided at the underflow nozzle 54 to improve flow (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 9 Preferably, the collection container 110 is sealed relative to the environment of the system 100 by a cover 112. The upstream flow path from the overflow nozzle 50 can lead to the treatment tank via another pressure gauge 152 and a third valve 154.

[0080] Furthermore, the collection container 110 may be equipped with a lifting device, which may include a lift pump 119. This lifting device may be designed to activate the lift pump 119 only when the liquid level in the collection container 110 is between a predetermined lower first liquid level 142 and a predetermined higher second liquid level 144. For this purpose, the system 100 may include a mechanism for detecting the liquid level in the collection container 110. Additionally, an overflow protection section 145 may be provided, through which the collection container 110 is fluid-guidedly connected to the fluid container 118, such that fluid from the collection container 110 can only flow into the fluid container 118 from a third liquid level 146 onwards, where the third liquid level 146 is higher than the second liquid level 144.

[0081] The outlet 114 of the collection container 110 can advantageously be connected to the fluid container 118 via at least one pressureless filter 116, 117 for fluid guidance, allowing residual fluid to circulate back into the fluid container 118, thereby saving resources. The at least one pressureless filter 116, 117 can be a bag filter. The main characteristic of the pressureless filter is that filtration is primarily performed by gravity. Therefore, the entire system can achieve extremely high filtration efficiency, while maintaining a long maintenance cycle and consuming less material. The hydrocyclone 10 includes a combination of... Figures 1 to 4 All the features described.

[0082] Figure 10 The other system 100 shown is... Figure 9 The difference between system 100 and system 100 is that the former includes multiple hydrocyclones 10. Therefore, according to Figure 10 System 100 also includes fluid distributor 120 (see also...) Figure 14The fluid distributor 120 has an inlet 122 and at least two outlets 124, 126. The number of outlets 124, 126 corresponds to the number of hydrocyclones 10 in the system 100. Each outlet 124, 126 can be equipped with a hydrocyclone 10. Outlet 124 guides the fluid to... Figure 10 The inlet 14 of the first hydrocyclone 10 shown on the left (specifically, through the inlet port 15 of the first hydrocyclone 10) is connected. The outlet 126 guides the fluid to... Figure 10 The inlet 14 of the second hydrocyclone 10 shown on the right is connected (specifically through the inlet port 15 of the second hydrocyclone 10).

[0083] To ensure uniform distribution of the liquid flow at the inlet 122 of the fluid distributor 120 in a manner that cleverly reduces flow resistance, the fluid distributor 120 is equipped with a tapered section 128. This tapered section 128 extends into the internal region of the fluid distributor 120. The tip 129 of the tapered section 128 points towards the inlet 122. Therefore, the tapered section 128 is configured to guide the (generally linear) liquid flow at the inlet, preferably downstream of the tip 129, into the annular flow channel 131, from where the dispersed liquid flows through connecting pipes to the outlets 124, 126.

[0084] Figure 14 The image exemplarily shows a fluid distributor 120, which includes multiple outlets ( Figure 14 The variant shown has seven exits. (For clarity,) Figure 14 Only the connecting pipes 133 and 135 are marked with the attached diagram. Figure 15 and Figure 16 This demonstrates how such a fluid distributor 120 can be connected to... Figure 5 and Figure 1 On the hydrocyclone 10. Figure 11 The fluid distributor 120 of system 100 is similarly constructed with two connecting pipes and two outlets.

[0085] In addition, according to Figure 10 and Figure 11 System 100 also includes Figure 12 The fluid collector 150 shown is designed to be substantially similar to the fluid distributor 120, but with the flow direction reversed. Specifically, the fluid collector 150 is equipped with a conical section 152. This conical section 152 extends into the internal region of the fluid collector 150. The tip 154 ​​of the conical section 152 points towards the outlet 156 of the fluid collector 150. Therefore, the conical section 152 is configured to guide the lighter components flowing into the fluid collector 150 through the inlets 158 and 160 along the conical surface towards the outlet 156 with minimal turbulence. Figure 13The fluid collector 150, exemplarily shown, includes multiple additional inlets (two of which are labeled with reference numerals 162 or 164), and is thus configured for use in a system 100 having multiple additional hydrocyclones 10. Currently, Figure 13 An exemplary cross-sectional view shows a fluid collector 150 (corresponding to) configured for a system 100 with seven hydrocyclones 10. Figure 14 The fluid distributor 120 is shown in the diagram. Therefore, in addition to inlets 158, 160, 162, and 164, the fluid collector 150 also includes three other inlets (not shown as this is a cross-sectional view). In the remainder, Figure 10 System 100 includes Figure 9 All features of system 100 in the system.

[0086] Figure 17 The method 200 for separating a heavier component (particularly solid particles from a suspension), illustrated very schematically, includes the following steps. In step 202, the dispersion is pressurized. Preferably, this can be done using a conveying device 134. In the subsequent step 204, the pressurized dispersion can be introduced according to... Figures 1 to 8 At least one of the hydrocyclones 10 has a corresponding inlet 14. Thus, the liquid can be separated into a heavier component and a lighter component.

[0087] According to the present invention, a hydrocyclone, system, and method are thus realized, which achieve extremely high sealing performance and operational reliability. The hydrocyclone 10 is advantageously applicable to chemical processes requiring extremely high material purity. As a result, the invention enables significant efficiency improvements in a synergistic manner throughout the entire value chain, from the production of the hydrocyclone and system to its application in chemical process engineering. Synergistically, not only are material resources saved during manufacturing, maintenance, and operation, but critical processes and procedures are also accelerated.

[0088] The terms “comprising,” “having,” “with,” etc., as used in this disclosure should be understood as non-exhaustive. The term “comprising one” in this context specifically means “comprising at least one,” meaning that “comprising one” does not exclude the presence of other corresponding elements. “At least one” hereinstantly refers to one or more. For readability, the word “at least” has been partially omitted in this disclosure. If a feature in this disclosure is described in the singular or infinitive, its plural form should also be disclosed. “At least partially / partially” should be understood as partially / partially or completely. The terms “first,” “second,” etc., are used only for numbering purposes.

Claims

1. A hydrocyclone (10), comprising: The upper section (12) with an entrance (14); The lower segment (20) has a first inner circumferential surface (22) that is at least partially conical. and A fixing device (30) that can reversibly move between a first position and a second position. When the fixing device (30) is in the first position, the upper section (12) is able to rotate relative to the lower section (20) about the central longitudinal axis (M) of the hydrocyclone (10); and, When the fixing device (30) is in the second position, the upper section (12) is fixed to the lower section (20) in an anti-rotation manner.

2. The hydrocyclone (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The fixing device (30) is held securely on the lower section (20) to prevent loosening.

3. The hydrocyclone (10) according to claim 1 or 2. in, The fixing device (30) is configured to axially press the upper section (12) and the lower section (20) together when the fixing device (30) is in the second position.

4. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. in, The lower segment (20) has an end region (24) adjacent to the upper segment (12), the end region having a radial protrusion (26). The fixing device (30) is designed to apply pressure to the radial protrusion (26) in the axial direction (A) at its second position.

5. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. It also includes a fixing flange (40) that extends radially outward from the lower section (20) on the side of the fixing device (30) opposite to the upper section (12).

6. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. in, The fixing device (30) engages with the upper segment (12) in its first position and / or its second position.

7. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. in, The fixing device (30) includes a first thread (32) that, when the fixing device (30) is in the second position, engages with a second thread (16) constructed on the upper section (12). Preferably, when the fixing device (30) is in the second position, the second thread (16) is at least partially disposed between the lower section (20) and the fixing device (30).

8. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. It also includes a flange ring (34) and a bolt connection device (36), the flange ring abutting against the surface (11) of the upper section (12) opposite to the lower section (20), the flange ring (34) being bolted to the fixing device (30) by means of the bolt connection device when the fixing device (30) is in the first position and / or the second position.

9. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: At least one overflow nozzle (50) spaced apart from the fixing device (30), the overflow nozzle being screwed into the upper section (12); and / or At least one underflow nozzle (54) having another inner circumferential surface (56) having a cylindrical section (58) adjacent to the outlet opening (60) of the underflow nozzle (54).

10. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. in, The upper section (12) and the lower section (20) are respectively made of a first type of plastic. And / or wherein the upper section (12) is integrally constructed of material.

11. The hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims. in, The lower section (20) includes multiple axially adjacent sections (28, 29) that are interconnected by material fit. The sections (28, 29) are preferably integrally formed of a second type of plastic.

12. A system (100) comprising: At least one hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of the preceding claims; and A collection container (110) with a lid (112), the lid including at least one through hole, The lower section (20) of the hydrocyclone (10) passes through the through hole and is fixed to the cover (112) in an anti-rotational manner relative to the central longitudinal axis (M) of the hydrocyclone (10).

13. The system (100) according to claim 12 in conjunction with claim 5, wherein, The fixed flange (40) is supported on the cover (112).

14. The system (100) according to any one of the preceding two claims. in, At least two hydrocyclones (10) are provided. The system (100) further includes a fluid distributor (120). The fluid distributor (120) includes an inlet (122) and at least two outlets (124, 126), the at least two outlets being connected to one of the hydrocyclones (10) to guide fluid. The conical section (128) of the fluid distributor (120) extends into the internal region of the fluid distributor (120), and the tip (129) of the conical section (128) points towards the inlet (122). Preferably, the outlet (114) of the collection container (110) is fluidly connected to the fluid container (118) of the system (100) via at least one pressureless filter (116, 117).

15. A method (200) for separating a heavier component from a dispersion liquid, particularly for separating solid particles from a suspension, comprising the following steps: A pressure of (202) is applied to the dispersed liquid; as well as The pressurized dispersed liquid is introduced (204) into at least one corresponding inlet (14) of a hydrocyclone (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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