Four-in-one unmanned aerial vehicle integrating spreading, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and lifting

Abstract

The application discloses a four-in-one unmanned plane integrating sowing, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting, which comprises an unmanned plane main body and four interchangeable operation modules, wherein the unmanned plane main body comprises a frame, a machine arm, a power system, a flight control system, a remote controller, an obstacle avoidance system, a battery pack and a battery slide rail; a quick-change interface mechanism is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the frame; the four operation modules are a sowing module, a spraying module, a photovoltaic cleaning module and a hoisting module which are mounted on landing gears; and a standard interface base matched with the quick-change interface mechanism is arranged at the top of each operation module. The unmanned plane can realize quick switching and efficient operation among the four operation functions through the quick-change design and the intelligent control system, and the technical defects of single function, multiple devices required for multi-scene operation, high equipment cost and low operation conversion efficiency of the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural plant protection and multi-functional operation drone technology, specifically a four-in-one drone integrating sowing, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, drones are increasingly being used in agriculture, industry, logistics, and other fields. Currently, there are various specialized operational drones on the market, such as: Agricultural plant protection drones: This is a publicly known technology, disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN108522472A. It mainly consists of a frame, a pesticide tank, a spraying system, and a flight control system, and is specifically designed for pesticide spraying operations. Its working principle involves atomizing the pesticide solution through centrifugal or pressure nozzles and then spraying it evenly onto the crop surface. The advantages of this drone are high spraying efficiency and uniform application, but its function is limited to spraying only.

[0003] Spreading drones: Currently, there are few publicly available technologies related to this, and the main approach involves replacing the liquid pesticide with granules (fertilizer, seeds, etc.) on top of the existing agricultural drones for spreading operations. However, spreading drones have limited functionality and can only perform spreading operations.

[0004] Photovoltaic cleaning drone: Chinese utility model patent CN212349603U discloses a photovoltaic panel cleaning drone that uses a high-pressure water pump and a rotating brush to clean photovoltaic panels. This type of equipment is specifically designed for photovoltaic cleaning scenarios, equipped with a high-pressure water system and photovoltaic cleaning brushes; however, its payload system is incompatible with agricultural drones and cannot be used interchangeably.

[0005] Lifting Drone: Chinese invention patent application CN110155332A discloses a logistics lifting drone equipped with a winch and hook for lifting materials. Its fuselage structure and load design are entirely centered around the lifting function, and its mounting interface is not standardized with that of agricultural drones.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology has the following main defects: (1) Single function and low equipment utilization: Existing drones are all single-function designs, and one drone can only complete one type of operation. In agricultural and forestry production and engineering maintenance, multiple operations are often required to be carried out alternately. Users need to purchase multiple special equipment, which has high equipment procurement costs and the equipment is idle most of the time, resulting in extremely low utilization. (2) High maintenance costs: Owning multiple drones of different types means that multiple flight control systems, power systems, battery systems, etc. need to be maintained, which greatly increases maintenance costs and spare parts inventory costs. (3) Cumbersome function switching: The hardware interfaces of different operation equipment are not interchangeable. Changing the operation type requires disassembling and assembling a large number of pipelines and fasteners, which has a high dependence on tools and takes a long time to switch operation modes. There is a lack of automatic module recognition, which requires manual modification of flight control parameters, which is prone to parameter mismatch and causes flight safety hazards. (4) Poor overall center of gravity adaptation: After changing different operation loads, the load weight and installation position change greatly, and the overall center of gravity shifts. It requires manual adjustment of batteries and counterweights, which is difficult to debug and affects flight stability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a four-in-one drone that integrates seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting. Through quick-change design and intelligent control system, it enables a single drone to quickly switch between four operational functions and operate efficiently, thereby solving the problems of single-function drones, multiple devices required for multi-scenario operations, high equipment costs and low operation conversion efficiency in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This integrated drone combines spreading, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting functions. It comprises a main body and four interchangeable operational modules. The main body includes a frame, arms, power system, flight control system, remote controller, obstacle avoidance system, battery pack, and battery rails. A quick-change interface mechanism is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame. This mechanism includes a cooperating mechanical locking unit and an electrical connection unit. The mechanical locking unit is a double-claw rotary locking structure equipped with guide grooves and spring pins, enabling tool-free quick locking and positioning, ensuring that the loading and unloading time for a single operational module does not exceed 2 minutes. The electrical connection unit is a waterproof, blind-plug multi-pin tri-proof connector, integrating a power interface, communication interface, and control signal interface, allowing for simultaneous electrical connection and connection during the mechanical alignment and assembly of the operational modules. The four types of operation modules are a spreading module, a spraying module, a photovoltaic cleaning module, and a hoisting module, which are installed on the landing gear. Each operation module is matched and connected to the quick-change interface mechanism through a standard interface base set at the top of the landing gear. Each operation module can be detached and assembled on the frame through the quick-change interface mechanism. The remote controller is used to manually identify the type of the currently mounted operation module and adaptively match the corresponding operation control mode.

[0009] Furthermore, the spreading module includes a material box and a centrifugal spreading disc. The material box is fixedly installed below the corresponding standard interface base, and the outlet of the material box is positioned directly opposite the centrifugal spreading disc. The centrifugal spreading disc is matched with a drive motor, which drives the disc to rotate at high speed to complete the centrifugal uniform spreading of seeds, fertilizers, and granular pesticides.

[0010] Furthermore, the spraying module includes a medicine tank, a foldable spraying rod, and an atomizing nozzle assembly. The foldable spraying rod is hinged to both sides of the spraying module, unfolding outwards during operation and folding inwards to fit the machine body when stored. The medicine tank and the atomizing nozzle assembly are connected through pipelines, which can deliver the medicine to the atomizing nozzle assembly to complete the atomizing spraying operation.

[0011] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cleaning module includes a water storage tank, a high-pressure water pump, and a rotary nozzle assembly. The two ends of the high-pressure water pump are connected to the water storage tank and the rotary nozzle assembly, respectively. After the water is pressurized by the high-pressure water pump, the rotary nozzle assembly sprays a high-pressure water jet to achieve high-pressure cleaning of the photovoltaic panels.

[0012] Furthermore, the hoisting module includes a nylon rope and a hook assembly. The nylon rope is laid vertically downwards, and the hook assembly is fixedly mounted at the bottom end. The hook assembly is suspended in the middle gap of the landing gear and has no structural interference with the landing gear. The hoisting and lowering of goods can be achieved by controlling the height of the drone through a remote control.

[0013] Furthermore, the flight control system is physically connected to the obstacle avoidance system and wirelessly connected to the remote controller. It is used to collect the flight speed and flight attitude parameters of the UAV in real time and dynamically adjust the working output parameters of the corresponding operation module according to the flight speed. During the seeding operation, the speed of the seeding motor is positively correlated with the flight speed of the UAV to ensure that the seeding amount per unit area is uniform.

[0014] Furthermore, all four operation modules are independent modular structures. When a single operation module fails, it does not affect the normal operation of the UAV body and other operation modules. Each operation module can be disassembled, repaired and replaced independently, and the frame can be adapted to expand and add new functional operation modules.

[0015] Furthermore, the battery pack is slidably mounted inside the frame via battery rails, the arms are arranged around the frame and the power system is mounted at the ends, and the landing gear is fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the frame to stably support the take-off and landing of the entire UAV.

[0016] This invention provides another technical solution: an operation method for a four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting, comprising the following steps: S1: Module installation: Select the corresponding work module according to the type of work to be performed, align the standard interface base on the top of the work module with the quick-change interface mechanism of the frame, push it into place along the guide groove, and manually lock it in place by using the spring clip to complete the mechanical locking. At the same time, complete the electrical blind plug connection simultaneously. No tools are required throughout the process, and the assembly takes 1-2 minutes. S2: Operation Planning: Select the matching operation mode through the ground station software, set the operation parameters such as operation area, spreading rate, spraying flow rate, cleaning water pressure, and upper limit of load weight, and combine the environmental obstacle information collected by the obstacle avoidance system 7 to automatically plan and generate the optimal autonomous operation route. S3: Operation execution: The UAV flies autonomously along a preset route. The flight control system adjusts the flight status in real time and dynamically matches and adjusts the workload of the operation module. During the flight, it identifies obstacles in real time and autonomously avoids and detours them, adaptively completing any one of the four types of operation tasks: seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting. S4: Operation completed and return home: After a single batch of operations is completed, the drone automatically returns to the takeoff point, unlocks the quick-change interface mechanism to disassemble the current operation module, replaces the module that matches the next operation task and replenishes the corresponding materials, and then a new round of operations can begin.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention provides a four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting, offering multiple uses in one machine and significantly reducing equipment investment costs. This invention integrates four differentiated operational functions—agricultural and forestry seeding, pesticide spraying, photovoltaic high-pressure cleaning, and high-altitude hoisting—into a single drone platform, replacing four traditional dedicated operational devices. This reduces equipment procurement costs by more than 60%, greatly lowering equipment investment and warehousing and maintenance costs for agricultural cooperatives and photovoltaic operation and maintenance companies. 2. The four-in-one drone integrating sowing, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting of the present invention adopts a double claw rotary lock mechanical locking + waterproof blind plug electrical integrated quick-change structure. The mechanical positioning and locking and electrical docking are completed simultaneously without auxiliary tools. The module replacement time is controlled within 2 minutes, which can realize multiple tasks continuous operation within the same work day, greatly improving the continuity of operation and overall operation efficiency. 3. The four-in-one drone of the present invention integrates sowing, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting. Each functional module has an independent structural design. The failure of a single module does not affect the operation of the whole machine and other modules. It can be disassembled, repaired and replaced separately, with low maintenance costs. At the same time, the standardized frame can be expanded to adapt to new functional modules such as sowing, fertilization and inspection, and the equipment can be upgraded flexibly. 4. The four-in-one UAV integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting of the present invention can be equipped with a flight control linkage adjustment system to dynamically adjust the operation output parameters according to the flight speed to ensure the uniformity of seeding and spraying operations; with the obstacle avoidance system, it can realize autonomous route planning and intelligent obstacle avoidance, with a high degree of automation and good operation stability. 5. The present invention integrates seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting into one four-in-one drone, covering four major application scenarios: agricultural and forestry plant protection, irrigation, photovoltaic cleaning and hoisting. It is especially suitable for users such as agricultural cooperatives, photovoltaic operation and maintenance companies, and landscaping companies that require multiple operations. The equipment investment payback period is short and the economic benefits are high. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the quick-change interface mechanism of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the hoisting module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the photovoltaic cleaning module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the spraying module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Landing gear; 2. Frame; 3. Arm; 4. Power system; 5. Flight control system; 6. Remote controller; 7. Obstacle avoidance system; 8. Battery pack; 9. Battery rail; 10. Standard interface base; 11. Quick-change interface mechanism; 12. Feed hopper; 13. Centrifugal spreading disc; 14. Medicine tank; 15. Foldable spray bar; 16. Atomizing nozzle assembly; 17. Nylon rope; 18. Hook assembly; 19. Water tank; 20. High-pressure water pump; 21. Rotary nozzle assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-6To address the shortcomings of existing drone technologies, such as limited functionality, the need for multiple devices for multi-scenario operations, high equipment costs, and low operational conversion efficiency, this invention provides a four-in-one drone integrating sowing, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting. The drone includes a main body and four interchangeable operational modules. The main body employs a multi-rotor frame structure, with arms 3 evenly distributed around the frame 2. A power system 4 is fixedly mounted at the end of each arm 3, comprising a brushless motor and propellers, providing power for stable hovering and horizontal flight. The frame 2 has an internal cavity for housing the battery pack 8, which slides vertically along a high-precision battery rail 9. The battery rail 9 has a built-in limit latch structure, allowing for quick insertion and removal of the battery pack 8. Figures 2-5 (Not shown in the image) It also has a power failure prevention function, which effectively improves the continuous operation time of the equipment. The landing gear 1 is symmetrically fixed on both sides of the bottom of the frame 2. The landing gear 1 adopts a hollow support structure with a clearance reserved in the middle, which can provide clearance space for the suspended operation of the hoisting module, ensuring the smooth take-off and landing of the whole machine, and completely avoiding the problem of collision and structural interference between the working module and the machine body.

[0022] The quick-change interface mechanism 11 is bolted to the bottom of the frame 2. The quick-change interface mechanism 11 includes a cooperating mechanical locking unit and an electrical connection unit. The mechanical locking unit employs a combination of double symmetrical claws, a rotating locking ring, a trapezoidal guide groove, and a spring-loaded pin for limiting the module's position. The trapezoidal guide groove provides unidirectional anti-misinstallation and anti-displacement functions, ensuring the module can only be pushed in along a preset direction. The spring-loaded pin has a built-in compression return spring, automatically falling into the module base's locking hole after the module is pushed in, providing mechanical positioning feedback. The rotating locking ring then tightens, achieving double anti-loosening locking, preventing module loosening or shaking under both no-load and full-load flight conditions. This mechanical locking unit requires no screwdrivers, wrenches, or other auxiliary tools throughout the process, and the standardized assembly and disassembly time is consistently controlled within 1–2 minutes, meeting the needs of rapid mold change operations.

[0023] The electrical connection unit of the quick-change interface mechanism 11 adopts an industrial-grade waterproof blind-mating multi-pin tri-proof connector, achieving an overall IP67 waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant protection level, suitable for complex outdoor operating environments. The connector pins are independently zoned, strictly distinguishing between high-power power supply pins, 485 communication pins, and switch control signal pins, ensuring no interference between lines and strong insulation. While the operating module is mechanically locked in place, the electrical connector can precisely blind-mating, completing equipment power supply, data communication, and control signal conduction in one step, eliminating the need for manual wiring and alignment. This solves the technical problems of cumbersome wiring, loose outdoor connectors, water ingress short circuits, and poor contact in traditional modular drones.

[0024] The main body of the UAV in this embodiment of the invention also includes a flight control system 5, a remote controller 6, and an obstacle avoidance system 7. The flight control system 5 and obstacle avoidance system 7 are both sealed and integrated inside the frame 2, providing dust and water protection. The remote controller 6 operates independently and has a built-in autonomous module identification program and multiple sets of operation control subroutines. During operation, the mode can be manually switched, and it can adaptively match the corresponding operation control logic, operating parameter thresholds, and safety protection strategies without requiring separate program adaptation or parameter recalibration, significantly improving the UAV's equipment versatility, debugging convenience, and operational safety.

[0025] Specifically, the working principle of the UAV main body assembly and quick-change interface in this embodiment is as follows: The entire aircraft adopts a multi-rotor stabilization structure, with the arms 3 evenly distributed around the frame 2 to ensure flight balance. The battery pack 8 is slidably mounted on the battery rails 9, supporting rapid battery swapping for continued flight. The hollowed-out aerial structure of the landing gear 1 provides ample assembly and movement space for modular operations at the bottom. The frame 2 serves as a universal load interface for the entire aircraft, standardizing and adapting to four types of operational modules, exhibiting extremely high versatility. The quick-change interface mechanism 11, through an integrated design of mechanical anti-misalignment limit, spring manual locking, double tightening with a rotary lock, and electrical synchronous blind insertion, ensures rapid, safe, and reliable module replacement from both structural and electrical perspectives. This is the core foundation for the invention's multi-purpose functionality and rapid switching between operational scenarios.

[0026] The working principles of the four interchangeable work modules are as follows: Spreading Module Operation: The standard interface base 10 on the top of the spreading module is precisely aligned and assembled with the quick-change interface mechanism 11. A sealing gasket is built into the base's contact surface, effectively preventing dust and water damage, ensuring stable electrical contact and a tight mechanical assembly seal. The material bin 12 adopts a tapered storage structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom to prevent material accumulation and blockage. The bottom outlet of the material bin 12 is equipped with an adjustable aperture baffle, allowing for flexible adjustment of the discharge rate based on the particle size of seeds, granular fertilizers, and granular pesticides, as well as the preset spreading amount, adapting to various granular material operation needs. The centrifugal spreading disc 13 adopts a fan-shaped diffusion and spreading structure, equipped with an independent adjustable speed drive motor. During operation, the remote controller 6, combined with the real-time flight speed collected by the flight control system 5, dynamically adjusts the spreading motor speed in a closed loop. The flight speed and spreading speed are positively correlated and matched, accurately compensating for material distribution deviations caused by flight, effectively preventing missed or repeated spreading, and ensuring uniform material spreading per unit area. Simultaneously, after module assembly, the overall center of gravity of the drone is centered, without changing the drone's flight center of gravity parameters, ensuring stable flight attitude throughout the entire process.

[0027] Specific application case 1: Agricultural cooperative's agricultural operations: In the morning, the spreading module is assembled to complete the spreading of granular fertilizer in the fields; upon returning, the spraying module is replaced to carry out pesticide spraying on crops; two types of agricultural operations are completed on the same day.

[0028] Spraying Module Operation: The spraying module is hinged on both sides with foldable spraying rods 15. The hinges use a damping pivot structure with a self-locking function. When unfolded outwards during operation, they automatically lock in place, maintaining a horizontal operating posture and ensuring a stable spray width. When stored, they can be completely folded inwards to fit against the module's side wall, significantly reducing the overall lateral dimensions of the machine, lowering flight resistance and space occupation, and facilitating transportation and storage. The medicine tank 14 is equipped with an anti-sedimentation grid to effectively inhibit the stratification and sedimentation of the medicine solution. The bottom water inlet and delivery pipeline have a dual filtration structure to completely avoid the problem of impurities clogging the pipeline and nozzles. The atomizing nozzle assembly 16 adopts a multi-hole ultra-fine atomization design, which can adjust the atomization particle size and spray flow rate according to the operational needs, adapting to various scenarios such as crop pest and disease control, garden pest control, and green space maintenance. During operation, the system can dynamically adjust the spray flow rate in conjunction with flight altitude and flight speed to ensure uniform coverage of the medicine solution in the operating area, without missed sprays or double sprays.

[0029] Photovoltaic cleaning module operation: The water storage tank 19 adopts a sealed pressure-bearing tank structure, with a water inlet and a balancing vent valve on the top, which can effectively balance the air pressure inside and outside the tank, avoiding problems such as tank deformation due to negative pressure and poor water suction during high-pressure water pumping. The high-pressure water pump 20 is a DC adjustable high-pressure booster pump, with its working power controlled in stages by remote control 6, and can output multiple levels of water pressure to adapt to different maintenance conditions such as light dust removal, heavy stain removal, and washing of stubborn attachments on photovoltaic panels. The rotating nozzle assembly 21 has a built-in micro drive motor, which can realize 360° small-amplitude reciprocating rotation spraying, expanding the coverage area of ​​a single cleaning and eliminating dead corners and crevices of photovoltaic panels. This module strictly achieves complete isolation and sealing between the water circuit structure and the electrical structure, eliminating the risk of water seepage, leakage, and short circuit, and can be adapted to the complex working environment of high temperature, dust, and humidity in open-air photovoltaic power stations for a long time.

[0030] Specific application case 2: Photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance: Install photovoltaic cleaning modules to perform high-pressure rinsing of photovoltaic panels; after the operation is completed, disassemble the cleaning modules and replace them with hoisting modules, and hoist maintenance tools and parts to a high position on the photovoltaic bracket.

[0031] Lifting Module Operation: The lifting module adopts a lightweight structure design without any protruding boxes to minimize flight load. The nylon rope 17 is made of high-strength aviation abrasion-resistant rope, possessing tensile strength, aging resistance, and wear resistance. Its upper end is fixed to a high-strength load-bearing base built into the module, ensuring high load-bearing capacity and preventing detachment; the lower end is fixedly equipped with the hook assembly 18. Utilizing the hollowed-out avoidance structure in the middle of the landing gear 1, the hook assembly 18 is suspended throughout the entire process, ensuring no structural interference, collisions, or scrapes during UAV takeoff, landing, flight, and lifting. The module has a built-in high-precision weight detection sensor that can collect load data in real time and upload it to the remote controller 6. The system has built-in overload protection logic; when the load weight exceeds the preset limit, the lifting operation will activate and issue an alarm, prohibiting overload takeoff and effectively avoiding safety hazards such as flight loss of control, crashes, and cargo falls. It is suitable for the safe transfer of photovoltaic maintenance parts, aerial work tools, and agricultural materials.

[0032] To further and better explain the implementation process of the present invention, the following workflow is also provided: Step 1: Before the operation, the operator selects the corresponding operation module according to the task to be performed, pushes the standard interface base of the module into the frame along the trapezoidal guide groove in one direction, and after it is in place, the spring clip is manually locked to complete the mechanical locking. At the same time, the waterproof blind plug electrical connector is accurately connected and conductive. No tools are required throughout the process, and the assembly time is stable at 1-2 minutes.

[0033] Step 2: After assembly, the remote controller 6 manually identifies the module type and accurately loads the corresponding operation subroutine, safety threshold, and operating parameters. The operator enters personalized operation parameters such as the operation area boundary, flight altitude, flight speed, dispersal rate, spray flow rate, cleaning water pressure, and maximum load weight through the ground station software. The obstacle avoidance system 7 scans and collects the distance and location information of surrounding obstacles in real time, and automatically plans the optimal operation route that combines efficiency and safety and can autonomously avoid obstacles, based on the operation area data.

[0034] Step 3: Autonomous Closed-Loop Operation Control: After unlocking and taking off, the UAV flies autonomously at a constant speed along a preset flight path. The flight control system 5 collects real-time data on the three-axis flight attitude, speed, and altitude, forming a high-precision closed-loop flight control system. For operations requiring high uniformity, such as seeding and spraying, the module's output parameters are adjusted via the remote controller 6 to ensure uniformity. For operations requiring high stability, such as photovoltaic cleaning and material hoisting, the remote controller 6 locks a stable flight attitude to suppress aircraft swaying and material swinging, improving operation quality. If a sudden obstacle is encountered during flight, the obstacle avoidance system 7 provides immediate data feedback, and the UAV automatically avoids the obstacle and returns to the operational path to prevent missed areas and ensure operational integrity. After completing a single batch of operations, the UAV automatically returns to its takeoff point and lands precisely at the designated location.

[0035] Step 4: After the drone returns and lands, manually rotate the locking ring to release the mechanical lock, remove the current working module, replace it with the working module corresponding to the next working condition, and replenish materials. After the replacement, the system manually re-identifies and adapts, quickly entering a new round of working state, realizing seamless connection of multi-scenario operations.

[0036] It should be noted that this four-in-one drone is also equipped with multiple safety protection logics, such as electrical short circuit protection, overload protection, automatic return to home when the battery is low, prohibition of takeoff if the module is not locked, and overload operation lock alarm. These are common knowledge in the field and will not be elaborated here.

[0037] In summary, the four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting provided by this invention, through its quick-change design and intelligent control system, enables a single drone to quickly switch between four operational functions and operate efficiently. This solves the technical defects of existing technologies, such as single drone function, the need for multiple devices for multi-scenario operations, high equipment costs, and low operational conversion efficiency.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting functions, characterized in that: The system includes a drone body and four interchangeable operating modules. The drone body includes a frame (2), arms (3), a power system (4), a flight control system (5), a remote controller (6), an obstacle avoidance system (7), a battery pack (8), and a battery rail (9). A quick-change interface mechanism (11) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame (2). The quick-change interface mechanism (11) includes a mechanical locking unit and an electrical connection unit that cooperate with each other. The mechanical locking unit is a double-claw rotary lock structure equipped with guide grooves and spring pins, which is used to achieve tool-free quick locking and positioning. The electrical connection unit is a waterproof blind-plug multi-pin tri-proof connector that integrates a power interface, a communication interface, and a control signal interface, which is used to simultaneously complete electrical conduction docking while the operating modules are mechanically aligned and assembled. The four types of operation modules are a spreading module, a spraying module, a photovoltaic cleaning module and a hoisting module installed on the landing gear (1). Each operation module is matched and connected to the quick-change interface mechanism (11) through the standard interface base (10) set at the top of the landing gear (1). Each operation module can be detachably assembled on the frame (2) through the quick-change interface mechanism (11). The remote controller (6) is used to manually identify the type of the currently mounted operation module and adaptively match the corresponding operation control mode.

2. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spreading module includes a material box (12) and a centrifugal spreading disc (13). The material box (12) is fixedly installed below the corresponding standard interface base (10). The outlet of the material box (12) is positioned directly opposite the centrifugal spreading disc (13). The centrifugal spreading disc (13) is matched with a drive motor, which drives the high-speed rotation to complete the centrifugal uniform spreading of seeds, fertilizers, and granular pesticides.

3. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying module includes a medicine tank (14), a foldable spraying rod (15), and an atomizing nozzle assembly (16). The foldable spraying rod (15) is hinged to both sides of the spraying module. It unfolds outward during operation and folds inward to fit the machine body when stored. The medicine tank (14) and the atomizing nozzle assembly (16) are connected by a pipeline, which can deliver the medicine to the atomizing nozzle assembly (16) to complete the atomizing spraying operation.

4. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cleaning module includes a water storage tank (19), a high-pressure water pump (20), and a rotating nozzle assembly (21). The two ends of the high-pressure water pump (20) are connected to the water storage tank (19) and the rotating nozzle assembly (21), respectively. After the water is pressurized by the high-pressure water pump (20), the rotating nozzle assembly (21) sprays a high-pressure water jet to realize the high-pressure cleaning operation of the photovoltaic panel.

5. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hoisting module includes a nylon rope (17) and a hook assembly (18). The nylon rope (17) is laid vertically downwards, and the hook assembly (18) is fixedly assembled at the bottom end. The hook assembly (18) is suspended in the middle gap of the landing gear (1) and has no structural interference with the landing gear (1). The hoisting and lowering of goods can be achieved by controlling the height of the UAV through the remote controller (6).

6. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flight control system (5) is electrically connected to the obstacle avoidance system (7) and the remote controller (6) respectively. It is used to collect the flight speed and flight attitude parameters of the UAV in real time, and dynamically adjust the working output parameters of the corresponding operation module according to the flight speed. During the seeding operation, the speed of the seeding motor is positively correlated with the flight speed of the UAV to ensure that the seeding amount per unit area is uniform.

7. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The four types of operation modules are all independent modular structures. When a single operation module fails, it will not affect the normal operation of the UAV body and other operation modules. Each operation module can be disassembled, repaired and replaced independently, and the frame (2) can be adapted to expand and add new function operation modules.

8. The four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack (8) is slidably mounted inside the frame (2) via the battery slide rail (9). The arm (3) is arranged around the frame (2) and the power system (4) is mounted at the end. The landing gear (1) is fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the frame (2) to stably support the take-off and landing of the UAV.

9. An operational method for a four-in-one drone integrating seeding, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1: Module installation: Select the corresponding work module according to the type of work to be performed, align the standard interface base (10) on the top of the work module with the quick-change interface mechanism (11) of the frame (2), push it into place along the guide groove, and manually lock it in place by spring clips to complete mechanical locking, and at the same time complete electrical blind plug connection. S2: Operation planning: Select the matching operation mode through the ground station software, set the operation parameters such as operation area, spreading rate, spraying flow rate, cleaning water pressure, and upper limit of load weight, and combine the environmental obstacle information collected by the obstacle avoidance system (7) to automatically plan and generate the optimal autonomous operation route. S3: Performing the operation: The UAV flies autonomously along the preset route. The flight control system (5) adjusts the flight status in real time and dynamically matches and adjusts the workload of the operation module. During the flight, it identifies obstacles in real time and avoids them autonomously. It can adaptively complete any one of the four types of operations: sowing, spraying, photovoltaic cleaning, and hoisting. S4: Operation completed and return home: After a single batch of operation tasks is completed, the UAV will automatically return to the take-off origin, unlock the quick-change interface mechanism (11), disassemble the current operation module, replace it with the module that matches the next operation task and replenish the corresponding materials, and then start a new round of operation.

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