A voltage spike safety pre-test system, method, and medium

Abstract

The application relates to a voltage spike safety pretest system, a method and a medium, and relates to the airborne equipment airworthiness test technical field.The voltage spike safety pretest system comprises a spike signal generation module, a signal coupling and decoupling module, a data synchronization monitoring module and a central control module.The spike signal generation module generates a stabilized voltage spike signal according to preset spike test parameters and in combination with an application test scene.The signal coupling and decoupling module decouples and isolates a power grid, couples the stabilized voltage spike signal to a power supply circuit of a to-be-tested airborne equipment, and obtains an input spike voltage signal.The data synchronization monitoring module collects and cleans the input spike voltage signal according to a voltage spike test timing, calculates an input spike voltage amplitude, and extracts a transient spike voltage value.The central control module analyzes a voltage spike test item, extracts spike test parameters, generates a spike switching timing, cooperatively controls each module, analyzes the input spike voltage amplitude and the transient spike voltage value, and generates a device spike test table.The waveform distortion rate is reduced, and the control precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of airborne equipment airworthiness testing technology, and in particular to a voltage spike safety pre-testing system, method and medium. Background Technology

[0002] In scenarios such as power switching, starting and stopping of high-power actuators, or lightning strikes, airborne equipment is prone to generating transient high-voltage spikes in its power lines. Although these signals are short in duration (in microseconds), their amplitude can reach kilovolts, easily damaging electronic components or causing equipment logic malfunctions. Airborne equipment must pass bipolar voltage spike withstand tests to verify its operational stability under typical spike interference.

[0003] Existing patents disclose a grid voltage spike testing system based on dynamic triggering. This system achieves reliable spike capture and cause analysis through dynamic trigger thresholds and equipment action time synchronization technology. The testing system includes: a signal conditioning module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a multi-source synchronous acquisition module, a cause analysis engine, and a dynamic triggering module. The dynamic triggering module sets dynamic trigger conditions and matches the main characteristics of grid voltage spikes that meet these conditions with the main characteristics of grid voltage spikes pre-stored in the rule base of the cause analysis engine. Combined with the verification of equipment action information and grid voltage spike timestamps, the system identifies grid voltage spike signals caused by equipment actions.

[0004] The existing technical solutions mentioned above have the following drawbacks: 1. Traditional generators have a narrow output voltage adjustment range, which cannot cover the kilovolt-level peak test requirements of some airborne equipment, and the rise time control error is too large, the waveform distortion rate is high, and the peak waveform simulation accuracy is insufficient; 2. High-energy peak signals are prone to interference with high-precision acquisition units through conduction and radiation, resulting in data acquisition distortion. At the same time, they lack integrated coupling and decoupling design, and external networks are prone to signal reflection, resulting in weak anti-interference ability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide a voltage spike safety pre-test system, method, and medium. By accurately reproducing the bipolar standard waveform required for voltage spike testing of airborne equipment, the system offers a wide output voltage coverage, low waveform distortion, and high accuracy in rise time and pulse width control, fully meeting the spike tolerance testing requirements of different types of airborne equipment. Through integrated coupling and decoupling design and triple anti-interference protection, the system effectively suppresses the conduction and radiation interference of spike signals.

[0006] This was achieved using the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, this application provides a voltage spike safety pre-testing system, comprising: The spike signal generation module is used to generate regulated voltage spike signals based on preset spike test parameters and application test scenarios. The signal coupling and decoupling module is used to decouple and isolate the power grid, and couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test to obtain the input spike voltage signal; The data synchronization monitoring module is used to collect and clean the input peak voltage signal according to the voltage peak test sequence, calculate the input peak voltage amplitude, and extract the transient peak voltage value. The central control module is used to analyze voltage spike test items, extract spike test parameters, generate spike switching timing, coordinate the control of various modules, analyze the input spike voltage amplitude and transient spike voltage value, and generate equipment spike test table.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, voltage spikes are generated based on parameter adaptive and coupled calibration algorithms. Voltage amplitude and transient values ​​are calculated using synchronous acquisition and digital filtering technology. The timing collaborative control algorithm completes the project analysis and test table generation, realizing the full-process automation and high-precision synchronous monitoring of airborne equipment voltage spike immunity test, which significantly improves test efficiency and result reliability.

[0008] Furthermore, the spike signal generation module includes: The trigger control unit is used to perform timing control on the energy storage capacitor based on the application test scenario and the peak switching timing, and generate an energy storage switching signal. The high-voltage spike generation unit is used to regulate the discharge of the energy storage capacitor based on preset spike test parameters and energy storage switching signals to generate the original voltage spike signal. The energy storage and voltage regulation unit is used to regulate the peak value of the original voltage spike signal and generate a regulated voltage spike signal.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the control unit performs timing regulation of the energy storage capacitor discharge according to the peak switching sequence. Combined with the high voltage peak generation unit to generate the original peak signal, and then through the closed-loop voltage regulation processing of the energy storage voltage regulation unit, a controllable and stable regulated voltage peak signal is output, which significantly improves the repeatability and safety of voltage peak testing.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal coupling and decoupling module includes: The line impedance stabilization network is used to filter interference from the power grid output to obtain a clean voltage signal, which is then transmitted to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test. A coupling-decoupling network is used to couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line along with the clean voltage signal to obtain the initial spike voltage signal. Impedance matching networks are used to match and adjust the resistance parameters according to the input impedance of the airborne equipment under test, and combine the initial peak voltage signal to obtain the input peak voltage signal.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the line impedance stabilization network filters out grid interference and outputs a clean voltage. The regulated peak signal is coupled to the power supply line through the coupling and decoupling network. Then, the impedance matching network is used to dynamically adjust according to the input impedance of the equipment to generate a precise input peak voltage signal, which significantly improves the fidelity of peak injection and the compatibility of the test system.

[0012] Furthermore, the data synchronization monitoring module includes: The data cleaning unit is used to remove duplicates and filter the input spike voltage signals of the airborne equipment under test according to the data acquisition frequency, so as to obtain the corrected spike voltage signals. The data synchronization unit is used to synchronize the signal generation timing of the high voltage spike generation unit with the data acquisition timing of the transient oscilloscope unit to obtain the synchronous monitoring timing. The differential sampling unit is used to sample the corrected peak voltage signal to obtain the input peak voltage amplitude; The transient oscilloscope unit is used to capture the transient peak voltage signal according to the synchronous monitoring timing and extract the transient peak voltage value.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the input peak voltage is cleaned based on deduplication filtering and dual-domain synchronization algorithm, and the amplitude of the input peak voltage is obtained through differential sampling. The instantaneous value of the peak is captured by the time-aligned transient oscilloscope, which realizes high-frequency noise suppression and accurate synchronous extraction of transient features of voltage peak signal, and significantly improves the dynamic accuracy and anti-interference capability of voltage monitoring.

[0014] Furthermore, the central control module includes: The data analysis unit is used to perform time-frequency domain analysis on the corrected peak voltage signal and calculate the peak characteristic parameters; The data storage unit is used to store the input peak voltage amplitude, transient peak voltage value and peak characteristic parameters according to the timestamp, and to construct peak test data pairs; The project analysis unit is used to analyze the peak test projects of the equipment and extract the configuration test topology and target test parameters; The simulation switching unit is used to simulate the switching of the configuration test topology according to the peak test timing and generate a topology switching twin model; The model verification unit is used to fuse and derive the topology switching twin model based on the actual configuration parameters, calculate the configuration switching time and simulation test parameters, and determine the topology operation status. If the configuration switching time is not within the preset switching time tolerance range, the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the current peak test timing is optimized according to the grid search mechanism to obtain the optimal test timing. If not, then compare the target test parameters with the simulated test parameters; If any simulated test parameter is not within the tolerance range of the target test parameter, the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the actual parameters of the current configuration are traced back to correct the abnormal topology data source. If not, then the current topology switching twin model is determined to be the optimal topology switching model, and the topology operation state is determined to be normal. The model deconstruction unit is used to decouple the optimal topology switching model and extract the peak switching timing. The signal generation unit is used to correlate and transform the peak switching timing with the target test parameters to generate topology switching timing instructions; The collaborative switching unit is used to distribute topology switching timing instructions according to the layout of test circuit components and automatically switch the test topology architecture. The topology analysis unit is used to analyze the input peak voltage amplitude and transient peak voltage value of the airborne equipment under test according to the test topology architecture, and generate the equipment peak test table.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, peak features are extracted based on time-frequency domain analysis, test timing is optimized through grid search and a topological twin model is constructed, and switching instructions are automatically generated by combining parameter tracing and model verification to drive the coordinated switching of the test topology. Finally, the device peak test table is output, which significantly improves the automation level and data accuracy of voltage peak testing.

[0016] Furthermore, the analog switching unit includes: The physical mapping layer is used to perform entity mapping on the configuration topology switching graph to obtain the virtual model of topology switching. The boundary calibration layer is used to perform parameter detection and boundary constraints on actual test circuit components, and to extract component node parameters and component constraint parameter ranges. The timing segmentation layer is used to parse and transform peak test timing data to generate a timing event data table. The incentive injection layer is used to perform incentive transformation and anomaly fusion on the time-series event data table to generate incentive sources; The state modeling layer is used to derive modeling of the stimulus sources based on event-driven logic and generate a topology switching state skeleton. The graph model association layer is used to reconstruct the topology switching state skeleton based on the component node parameters to obtain the initial topology switching model. The simulation switching layer is used to reduce the order of the initial topology switching model and perform communication mapping to generate an interactive topology switching model. The verification and optimization layer is used to test the interactive topology switching model based on historical peak test data, obtain the simulated response curve, and verify it point by point with the actual response curve, and calculate the point residual value. If the residual value at the point is not within the preset tolerance range, the sensitive parameters of the component will be corrected according to the parameter proportion weight. If not, then the current interactive topology switching model is determined to be a topology switching twin model.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, a virtual topology model is constructed through physical mapping and boundary constraints. Event-driven state skeletons are generated by using temporal segmentation and excitation injection. After graph-model association, model order reduction and residual verification to correct the sensitive parameters of the components, a high-fidelity topology switching twin model is finally output, which significantly improves the simulation accuracy and adaptive optimization capability of the test topology switching.

[0018] Secondly, this application also provides a voltage spike safety pre-testing method, which adopts the following technical solution; A voltage spike safety pre-testing method includes: Based on the application test scenario and peak switching timing, the energy storage capacitor is controlled according to the timing to generate an energy storage switching signal; Based on the preset peak test parameters and the energy storage switching signal, the discharge of the voltage storage capacitor is regulated and stabilized to generate a voltage peak signal. Decouple and isolate the power grid, and couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test to obtain the input spike voltage signal; Based on the voltage spike test timing sequence, the input spike voltage signal is acquired and cleaned, the amplitude of the input spike voltage is calculated, and the transient spike voltage value is extracted. Based on the timestamp, the input peak voltage amplitude, transient peak voltage value, and peak characteristic parameters are stored to construct peak test data pairs; Analyze the peak test items of the equipment and extract the configuration test topology and target test parameters; Based on the peak test timing switching simulation configuration test topology, a topology switching twin model is generated; Based on the actual configuration parameters fusion and the derived topology switching twin model, the configuration switching time and simulation test parameters are calculated to determine the topology operation status. Decouple the topology switching twin model, extract the peak switching timing, and associate it with the target test parameters to generate topology switching timing instructions; The test topology architecture is automatically switched based on the topology layout of the test circuit components and the topology switching timing instructions are distributed. Based on the test topology analysis, the input peak voltage amplitude and transient peak voltage value of the airborne equipment under test are analyzed, and combined with the topology operation status, a peak voltage test table for the equipment is generated.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a voltage spike is generated by timing-controlled energy storage capacitor and coupled to the equipment power supply line. The voltage amplitude and transient value are calculated by synchronously collecting and cleaning. A topology twin model is constructed by combining the test item analysis. The switching timing is optimized by parameter fusion verification and residual correction. The instructions are automatically distributed to complete the topology switching. Finally, the airborne equipment spike test table is generated, realizing the closed-loop automation of the entire process of voltage spike immunity test, improving the test accuracy, efficiency and system adaptability.

[0020] Thirdly, this application also provides a storage medium storing at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the voltage spike safety pre-testing method as described above.

[0021] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: By generating a regulated voltage spike through timing-controlled energy storage capacitors and coupling it to the equipment power supply line, the voltage amplitude and transient values ​​are synchronously collected, cleaned and calculated. A topology twin model is constructed by combining test item analysis, and the switching timing is optimized by parameter fusion verification and residual correction. The instructions are automatically distributed to complete the topology switching, and finally the airborne equipment spike test table is generated. This achieves full-process closed-loop automation of voltage spike immunity testing, which significantly improves test accuracy, efficiency and system adaptability. A virtual topology model is constructed by physical mapping and boundary constraints. Event-driven state skeletons are generated by temporal segmentation and excitation injection. Sensitive parameters of components are corrected by graph-model association, model order reduction and residual verification. Finally, a high-fidelity topology switching twin model is output, which significantly improves the simulation accuracy and adaptive optimization capability of topology switching. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage spike safety pre-testing system in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a coupling-decoupling network. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the central control module in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the analog switching unit in this application; Figure 5 This is a diagram of the configuration topology switching mechanism in this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the voltage spike safety pre-testing method in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 The present application discloses a voltage spike safety pre-testing system, comprising: The spike signal generation module is used to generate regulated voltage spike signals based on preset spike test parameters and application test scenarios. The signal coupling and decoupling module is used to decouple and isolate the power grid, and couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test to obtain the input spike voltage signal; The data synchronization monitoring module is used to collect and clean the input peak voltage signal according to the voltage peak test sequence, calculate the input peak voltage amplitude, and extract the transient peak voltage value. The central control module is used to analyze voltage spike test items, extract spike test parameters, generate spike switching timing, coordinate the control of various modules, analyze the input spike voltage amplitude and transient spike voltage value, and generate equipment spike test table.

[0025] In this embodiment, the spike signal generation module is the core signal source of the system, responsible for generating bipolar voltage spike signals that conform to general standards. The core configuration includes a high-voltage spike generator, an energy storage unit, and a trigger control unit. The high-voltage spike generator uses a customized FSG-1000 model, with a continuously adjustable output voltage of 0-1000V and a 40% transient overvoltage capability. It can generate two standard spike waveforms (Waveform 1: rise time ≤ 2μs, pulse width ≥ 10μs; Waveform 2: rise time ≤ 2μs, pulse width ≥ 5μs), matching the general requirements for spike testing of airborne equipment. The generator supports positive and negative bipolar outputs, simulating two real-world scenarios: load disconnection (positive spike) and load surge (negative spike). The spike repetition frequency is adjustable from 1-20 times / s, and the source impedance is provided in two specifications: 2Ω±10% and 50Ω±10%, adapting to devices under test (EUTs) with different input impedances.

[0026] The energy storage unit uses high-voltage, low-parasitic-inductance capacitor banks, with a single capacitor capacity of 1μF / 1500V. Energy storage regulation is achieved through the parallel combination of multiple capacitors, coupled with a high-precision voltage regulation circuit, ensuring that the peak voltage stability error is ≤±1%. The trigger control unit uses IGBT high-speed switching devices with a switching response time ≤50ns. It supports two modes: automatic triggering and external synchronous triggering. In automatic triggering mode, it can continuously output spikes at a set frequency. In external synchronous triggering mode, it receives the EUT operating status signal to achieve precise synchronization between the spikes and the equipment operating conditions, with a trigger timing error ≤1μs.

[0027] The signal coupling and decoupling module achieves efficient injection of spike signals and grid isolation. Its core consists of a built-in coupling-decoupling network (CDN), a LISN artificial power network, and an impedance matching network. The CDN adopts an AC440V / 16A single-phase integrated design, requiring no external equipment. It efficiently couples spike signals to the EUT's power supply line while presenting high impedance to backpropagating spike signals, preventing interference with the grid and other test equipment. The LISN artificial power network has a maximum continuous current ≥100A, meeting general electromagnetic compatibility testing requirements. It filters out conducted interference from the grid, providing a clean power supply environment for the EUT and ensuring test results are unaffected by grid noise.

[0028] The impedance matching network incorporates 5Ω and 50Ω calibration resistors and an adjustable matching network, which automatically adjusts the matching parameters according to the EUT's input impedance, reducing waveform distortion caused by signal reflection and ensuring peak signal transmission efficiency ≥95%. The module also integrates an overcurrent protection circuit, which automatically cuts off the signal output when the coupling loop current exceeds 10A to prevent damage to the EUT due to overcurrent.

[0029] The data synchronization monitoring module is responsible for the synchronous acquisition of peak signal parameters and EUT response data. Its core configuration includes a digital oscilloscope, a high-voltage differential probe, and a data synchronization unit. The digital oscilloscope is an SDS5034X model, a 4-channel design with an analog bandwidth of 350MHz, a sampling rate of up to 5GS / s, and a storage depth of ≥1M points. It can accurately capture nanosecond-level transient peak details, meeting the acquisition requirements for peak signals with rise times ≤2μs. The high-voltage differential probe is a THDP0200 model, with a range of ±1000V, a bandwidth of ≥100MHz, and a common-mode rejection ratio >60dB (at 10MHz). It can effectively isolate ground loop interference and accurately measure the peak voltage amplitude at the EUT input.

[0030] The data synchronization unit achieves millisecond-level synchronization between the spike generator and the oscilloscope through trigger signal synchronization technology, ensuring that the spike signal generation and data acquisition timing are consistent. The acquisition software supports time-domain analysis and FFT frequency-domain analysis functions, and can automatically calculate key parameters such as spike amplitude, rise time, and pulse width, and display the original waveform and analysis results in real time. Data storage adopts a dual mode of local hard drive (≥4TB) and cloud backup to prevent data loss.

[0031] The central control module uses an industrial control computer (i7 processor or higher, ≥16GB memory) and integrates dedicated test control software to achieve coordinated control and data processing of various units. The control software includes a complete program and waveform library for onboard equipment voltage spike testing. Users can directly select preset test items or customize parameters such as spike voltage, polarity, repetition frequency, and test duration. The software supports automated execution of the test process, automatically switching spike waveforms and polarities according to set parameters without manual intervention. It also displays test data and waveforms in real time, using color to mark abnormal data points.

[0032] After the test is completed, the software automatically compares the collected data with the general standard threshold and generates a standardized report containing test parameters, waveforms, key indicator analysis and pass / fail results. It supports export in PDF and Excel formats. Peak signal energy assessment data (avalanche energy calculation results) can be attached to the report to provide a reference for the optimization of equipment anti-peak design.

[0033] The anti-interference protection module suppresses conducted and radiated interference from spike signals, ensuring test accuracy. It employs a triple protection design of "isolation-filtering-grounding". A 1.5mm thick aluminum alloy shielding partition is installed between the spike generation unit and the data acquisition unit. The surface of the partition is coated with an electromagnetic shielding coating, achieving a shielding effectiveness of ≥60dB in the 10kHz-100MHz frequency band, blocking radiated coupling interference. All signal cables use twisted-pair shielded cables with a shielding coverage of ≥90%. The horizontal distance between high-voltage and low-voltage lines is ≥2m, and they cross at a 90° perpendicular angle to reduce electromagnetic coupling.

[0034] The system is equipped with an EMI filter and a clean power supply (UPS) to filter out conducted interference from the power grid. A 10μF non-polarized feedthrough capacitor is connected in series between the LISN artificial power network and the EUT to further suppress high-frequency interference. All equipment metal casings are connected via equipotential copper busbars and adopt a single-point grounding design with a grounding resistance ≤4Ω to eliminate ground loop interference caused by potential differences between equipment and ensure that the noise floor of the acquired data is ≤50μV RMS.

[0035] Preferably, the spike signal generation module includes: The trigger control unit is used to perform timing control on the energy storage capacitor based on the application test scenario and the peak switching timing, and generate an energy storage switching signal. The high-voltage spike generation unit is used to regulate the discharge of the energy storage capacitor based on preset spike test parameters and energy storage switching signals to generate the original voltage spike signal. The energy storage and voltage regulation unit is used to regulate the peak value of the original voltage spike signal and generate a regulated voltage spike signal.

[0036] In this embodiment, in the high-voltage surge immunity test application of a new energy vehicle inverter, the spike signal generation module first uses the trigger control unit to perform timing control on two sets of parallel energy storage capacitors (capacity of 2200μF / 450V) according to the defined 5a / 5b pulse test scenario and the preset spike switching sequence (e.g., rising edge 1μs, duration 100μs, interval 5s). The charging circuit and the discharging circuit are sequentially turned on by solid-state relays to generate an energy storage switching signal accurate to the microsecond level. After receiving the energy storage switching signal according to the target spike test parameters (peak voltage 1000V, source internal resistance 2Ω), the high-voltage spike generation unit immediately turns on the discharge circuit through the thyristor to release the high-voltage energy stored in the energy storage capacitor to the load circuit instantly, and adjusts the discharge current rise rate to 50A / μs to generate the original voltage spike signal (steep leading edge, exponential decay at the trailing edge).

[0037] The energy storage voltage regulator unit then clamps and adjusts the peak value of the original spike signal using a parallel TVS diode array (clamping voltage ±5%) and an active voltage detection loop. When the spike amplitude exceeds the preset threshold (1020V), it automatically shunts and discharges the current. When it is below 980V, it replenishes the charge of the energy storage capacitor, ultimately generating a regulated voltage spike signal with a stable amplitude of 1000V ±2%, which is injected into the DC input terminal of the inverter to assess its power line's overvoltage impact resistance under simulated load dump conditions, ensuring the reproducibility and reliability of the test results.

[0038] Preferably, the signal coupling and decoupling module includes: The line impedance stabilization network is used to filter interference from the power grid output to obtain a clean voltage signal, which is then transmitted to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test. Coupled-decoupled networks (refer to) Figure 2 This is used to couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line along with the clean voltage signal to obtain the initial spike voltage signal; Impedance matching networks are used to match and adjust the resistance parameters according to the input impedance of the airborne equipment under test, and combine the initial peak voltage signal to obtain the input peak voltage signal.

[0039] In this embodiment, during the power line conducted immunity test of a new energy vehicle inverter, the signal coupling and decoupling module first performs low-pass filtering and isolation on the 220V / 50Hz AC power output from the power grid through a line impedance stabilization network (LISN) to suppress common-mode and differential-mode interference from the grid side, obtain a clean voltage signal (ripple ≤1%), and stably transmit it to the DC input terminal of the inverter under test (after rectification and filtering).

[0040] According to the pulse 5b requirement, the coupling-decoupling network superimposes the 1000V regulated voltage spike signal output by the high-voltage spike generation module and the pure voltage signal onto the power supply line in a capacitor / resistor coupling manner. Through the combination of series coupling capacitor (10μF) and parallel decoupling inductor (5mH), the network ensures that the leading edge of the spike waveform is steep while blocking the spike from being fed back into the grid, thus forming the initial spike voltage signal.

[0041] The impedance matching network is based on the actual input dynamic impedance of the inverter under test (approximately 2.5Ω at the peak frequency, as measured by pre-test). It automatically adjusts the matching resistor parameters (adjusting the output impedance of the coupling network from 2Ω to 2.5Ω±0.1Ω) and connects it in series to the initial peak voltage signal path to eliminate reflections and oscillations. Finally, it generates an input peak voltage signal that matches the actual operating characteristics of the inverter, ensuring that surge energy is accurately injected into the port under test, thereby effectively evaluating the inverter's overvoltage impact resistance under simulated load dump conditions.

[0042] Preferably, the data synchronization monitoring module includes: The data cleaning unit is used to remove duplicates and filter the input spike voltage signals of the airborne equipment under test according to the data acquisition frequency, so as to obtain the corrected spike voltage signals. The data synchronization unit is used to synchronize the signal generation timing of the high voltage spike generation unit with the data acquisition timing of the transient oscilloscope unit to obtain the synchronous monitoring timing. The differential sampling unit is used to sample the corrected peak voltage signal to obtain the input peak voltage amplitude; The transient oscilloscope unit is used to capture the transient peak voltage signal according to the synchronous monitoring timing and extract the transient peak voltage value.

[0043] In this embodiment: In the peak immunity test of the AC power line of a certain avionics equipment, the data synchronization monitoring module first uses the data cleaning unit to perform sliding window deduplication and low-pass filtering (cutoff frequency 10MHz) on the input peak voltage signal coupled to the input terminal of the airborne power supply under test at a data acquisition frequency of 5MHz, eliminating repeated triggering glitches and high-frequency noise caused by environmental coupling, and obtaining the corrected peak voltage signal; the data synchronization unit uses the internal reference clock of the FPGA to perform hardware-level phase-locked synchronization of the signal generation timing of the high voltage peak generation unit (peak start time t0±100ns) and the acquisition trigger timing of the transient oscilloscope unit, ensuring that the error between the two is less than 10ns, and generating the synchronization monitoring timing.

[0044] The differential sampling unit uses a high common-mode rejection ratio differential probe (attenuation 100:1) to sample the corrected peak voltage signal in real time, accurately reading the amplitude of the input peak voltage (e.g., measured 1250V). The transient oscilloscope unit (sampling rate 5GS / s, analog bandwidth 500MHz) captures the waveform transiently within a ±5μs time window of the peak occurrence with a resolution of 0.2ns according to the synchronous monitoring timing, extracting transient peak voltage values ​​such as the steepness of the leading edge (rise time 0.8μs), peak overshoot, and ringing frequency, providing accurate quantitative basis for subsequent power port immunity assessment.

[0045] Preferably, refer to Figure 3 The central control module includes: The data analysis unit is used to perform time-frequency domain analysis on the corrected peak voltage signal and calculate the peak characteristic parameters; The data storage unit is used to store the input peak voltage amplitude, transient peak voltage value and peak characteristic parameters according to the timestamp, and to construct peak test data pairs; The project analysis unit is used to analyze the peak test projects of the equipment and extract the configuration test topology and target test parameters; The simulation switching unit is used to simulate the switching of the configuration test topology according to the peak test timing and generate a topology switching twin model; The model verification unit is used to fuse and derive the topology switching twin model based on the actual configuration parameters, calculate the configuration switching time and simulation test parameters, and determine the topology operation status. If the configuration switching time is not within the preset switching time tolerance range, the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the current peak test timing is optimized according to the grid search mechanism to obtain the optimal test timing. If not, then compare the target test parameters with the simulated test parameters; If any simulated test parameter is not within the tolerance range of the target test parameter, the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the actual parameters of the current configuration are traced back to correct the abnormal topology data source. If not, then the current topology switching twin model is determined to be the optimal topology switching model, and the topology operation state is determined to be normal. The model deconstruction unit is used to decouple the optimal topology switching model and extract the peak switching timing. The signal generation unit is used to correlate and transform the peak switching timing with the target test parameters to generate topology switching timing instructions; The collaborative switching unit is used to distribute topology switching timing instructions according to the layout of test circuit components and automatically switch the test topology architecture. The topology analysis unit is used to analyze the input peak voltage amplitude and transient peak voltage value of the airborne equipment under test according to the test topology architecture, and generate the equipment peak test table.

[0046] In this embodiment, in an automated test system for the AC power line spike immunity of a certain avionics equipment, the data analysis unit of the central control module first performs fast Fourier transform and wavelet packet decomposition on the corrected spike voltage signal to extract spike characteristic parameters such as spike amplitude, rising time, pulse width, ringing frequency, and overshoot rate. The data storage unit constructs a structured spike test data pair with microsecond-level timestamps as indexes using the input spike voltage amplitude (e.g., 1248V), transient waveform data captured by the transient oscilloscope unit (including 1024 sampling points within a 5μs window), and the above characteristic parameters for each spike pulse and stores them in the local database. The project parsing unit reads the equipment spike test project specified by the user and extracts the configuration test topology (e.g., "LN differential mode coupling", "LE common mode coupling", "NE common mode coupling") and target test parameters (e.g., spike amplitude 1250V±10%, rising time ≤1.5μs, pulse width 10μs±20%).

[0047] The simulation switching unit performs offline simulation and switching process modeling of the configuration test topology according to a predefined peak test sequence (differential mode first, then common mode, each topology repeated 10 times), generating a topology switching twin model that includes relay contact action delay and the influence of line parasitic parameters. The model verification unit uses actual configuration parameters collected in actual tests (such as coupled network insertion loss, measured value of 5.2ms switching relay action time) to fuse, correct, and dynamically evolve the twin model, calculate the simulated configuration switching time (5.1ms) and simulated test parameters (such as peak amplitude 1260V, leading edge time 1.4μs), and compares it with preset conditions: if the switching time does not fall within the preset tolerance range (5ms±0.5ms), the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the grid search mechanism is immediately activated, with a speed of 0.05m within the range of 0.1ms to 10ms. The s-step size optimizes the switching wait time in the peak test timing. After 5 iterations, the optimal test timing that converges the switching time to 5.2ms is obtained. Otherwise, the target test parameters and simulated test parameters are compared. When the simulated peak amplitude of 1260V exceeds the tolerance range of the target 1250V (±10%, i.e., 1125~1375V, the actual 1260V is within the range but requires more stringent testing) or the leading edge time of 1.4μs exceeds ≤1.5μs (satisfied), if either exceeds a more stringent internal control threshold (amplitude error ≤2%, leading edge error ≤0.1μs), it is still judged as an abnormal state. The actual parameters such as coupling capacitor and line impedance in the current configuration are traced back to find that the ESR value of the differential mode coupled network is too high, causing amplitude deviation. After correction and updating the data source, it is re-verified. If all are satisfied, it is judged as the optimal topology switching model and the normal operation is confirmed.

[0048] The model deconstruction unit decouples the optimal model and extracts the peak switching timing for the three topologies (differential mode coupling: close the high-voltage relay first, delay for 0.5ms, and then trigger discharge; common mode coupling is similar). The signal generation unit associates the switching timing with the target test parameters and converts it into a topology switching timing instruction that the PLC can recognize (including relay coil on / off pulse width, discharge trigger delay, etc.). The collaborative switching unit automatically switches the test topology architecture according to the test line component layout (such as distributing the instruction to the differential mode coupler, common mode coupler, and grounding plate switching box after LISN), and sequentially executes the three coupling modes LN, LE, and NE. The topology analysis unit analyzes the input peak voltage amplitude and transient waveform captured under each topology, calculates the withstand capability margin under the topology (e.g., actual amplitude 1248V vs. required 1250V, margin -2V), and generates a device peak test table containing test data, pass / fail judgment, abnormal alarms, and optimization suggestions for each topology. The final output is a PDF report.

[0049] Preferably, refer to Figure 4 The analog switching unit includes: The physical mapping layer is used for configuration topology switching graphs (see reference). Figure 5 ) Perform entity mapping to obtain a topology switching virtual model; The boundary calibration layer is used to perform parameter detection and boundary constraints on actual test circuit components, and to extract component node parameters and component constraint parameter ranges. The timing segmentation layer is used to parse and transform peak test timing data to generate a timing event data table. The incentive injection layer is used to perform incentive transformation and anomaly fusion on the time-series event data table to generate incentive sources; The state modeling layer is used to derive modeling of the stimulus sources based on event-driven logic and generate a topology switching state skeleton. The graph model association layer is used to reconstruct the topology switching state skeleton based on the component node parameters to obtain the initial topology switching model. The simulation switching layer is used to reduce the order of the initial topology switching model and perform communication mapping to generate an interactive topology switching model. The verification and optimization layer is used to test the interactive topology switching model based on historical peak test data, obtain the simulated response curve, and verify it point by point with the actual response curve, and calculate the point residual value. If the residual value at the point is not within the preset tolerance range, the sensitive parameters of the component will be corrected according to the parameter proportion weight. If not, then the current interactive topology switching model is determined to be a topology switching twin model.

[0050] In this embodiment, during the peak immunity test of a certain avionics computer power line, the simulation switching unit first converts the predefined LN differential mode, LE common mode and NE common mode topology switching diagrams into corresponding virtual topology switching models through the physical mapping layer; the boundary calibration layer performs parameter detection on the high-voltage relays, coupling capacitors and current-limiting resistors in the actual test line, and extracts the node parameters of each component (such as relay contact resistance 0.1Ω, action time 5.2ms) and their constraint parameter range (action time 5ms±0.5ms, contact resistance ≤0.2Ω).

[0051] The timing segmentation layer parses the peak test timing (sequential execution of differential mode → LE common mode → NE common mode, each topology repeated 5 times, with an interval of 10s) and transforms it into a timing event data table containing event ID, trigger timestamp, and action duration. The excitation injection layer injects random bounce disturbances (probability 0.05, bounce amplitude 50V) and contact adhesion faults (probability 0.01) obtained from historical measured anomaly statistics into this data table to generate excitation sources. The state modeling layer performs derivation modeling on the excitation sources based on event-driven logic, generating a topology switching state skeleton containing a five-state sequence of "standby → pre-charging → closed relay → discharged → open relay". The graph model association layer associates and reconstructs the virtual nodes in the skeleton with the physical ports of the actual relays according to the component node parameters to obtain the initial topology switching model.

[0052] The simulation switching layer performs balanced truncation and order reduction on the model (retaining the first 4 dominant poles) and maps it to a real-time interactive model via the OPC UA protocol. The verification and optimization layer uses 10 sets of actual switching waveforms recorded in historical peak tests to perform closed-loop testing on the interactive model, generating simulated response curves (such as the rising edge of the coil current when the relay is closed). The residuals are calculated point by point with the actual response curves. When the residual value exceeds the 0.01A tolerance range at a certain time point, the action time in the component sensitive parameters is corrected from 5.2ms to 5.25ms according to the parameter weights (action time weight 0.6, contact resistance weight 0.4). After two rounds of iteration, all residuals fall within the tolerance range. Finally, the model is determined to be an accurate topology switching twin model, which is used for subsequent automatic timing optimization and anomaly prediction in testing.

[0053] Reference Figure 6 This application discloses a voltage spike safety pre-testing method, comprising: S1: Based on the application test scenario and peak switching timing, the energy storage capacitor is controlled according to the timing to generate an energy storage switching signal; S2: Based on the preset peak test parameters and the energy storage switching signal, regulate and stabilize the discharge of the energy storage capacitor to generate a regulated voltage peak signal. S3: Decouple and isolate the power grid, and couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test to obtain the input spike voltage signal; S4: Based on the voltage spike test timing sequence, acquire and clean the input spike voltage signal, calculate the input spike voltage amplitude, and extract the transient spike voltage value; S5: Based on the timestamp, store the input peak voltage amplitude, transient peak voltage value, and peak characteristic parameters to construct peak test data pairs; S6: Analyze the peak test items of the equipment and extract the configuration test topology and target test parameters; S7: Generate a topology switching twin model based on the simulated configuration test topology switching according to the peak test timing; S8: Based on the actual configuration parameters, fuse and evolve the topology switching twin model, calculate the configuration switching time and simulation test parameters, and determine the topology operation status; S9: Decouple the topology switching twin model, extract the peak switching timing, and associate it with the target test parameters to generate the topology switching timing instruction; S10: Distribute topology switching timing instructions according to the test circuit component layout to automatically switch the test topology architecture; S11: Analyze the input peak voltage amplitude and transient peak voltage value of the airborne equipment under test based on the test topology architecture, and generate the equipment peak test table in combination with the topology operation status.

[0054] In this embodiment: In the AC power line spike immunity test of a certain type of airborne computer, firstly, according to the high voltage spike application test scenario, combined with the preset spike switching sequence (rise edge 1μs, pulse width 10μs, interval 5s, LN differential mode is executed first and then LE common mode is switched), the timing control of the two sets of energy storage capacitors (2200μF / 450V, parallel charging path) is performed to generate an energy storage switching signal; after receiving the signal according to the target spike parameters (amplitude 1800V±10%, source internal resistance 12Ω), the capacitor discharge circuit is controlled by the thyristor to generate the original voltage spike signal, and then a stable 1800V regulated voltage spike signal is output through TVS clamping and feedback regulation.

[0055] A clean voltage is obtained by isolating grid interference through a line impedance stabilization network (LISN). Then, a coupling-decoupling network (containing a 10μF capacitor and a 5mH inductor) superimposes the regulated voltage spike onto the 115V / 400Hz power supply line of the computer under test to form an input spike voltage signal. This signal is acquired and cleaned at a frequency of 5MHz. The amplitude of the input spike (measured at 1792V) is obtained through differential sampling. At the same time, transient values ​​such as the leading edge time of 1.2μs and the overshoot of 3% are captured. The above data is stored according to the timestamp to construct spike test data pairs. The test items are analyzed to extract three configuration topologies (LN, LE, NE) and their corresponding target parameters. The topology switching is simulated according to the spike test timing. The topology switching twin model is generated by fusing the parameters of physical components (relay action time of 5.2ms and contact resistance of 0.1Ω). The configuration switching time (5.1ms) and the simulated amplitude (1795V) are calculated. After determining that the operating state is normal, the model is decoupled to extract the switching timing, generate the topology switching timing command, and distribute it to the relay matrix of the test line to automatically complete the sequential switching of the three topologies.

[0056] Finally, the amplitude and transient values ​​collected under each topology are analyzed, and a device spike test table containing qualification judgment, abnormal alarm and optimization suggestions is generated in combination with the operating status, so as to comprehensively verify the airborne computer's tolerance to power line spike interference.

[0057] This application discloses a storage medium storing at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the voltage spike safety pre-testing method as described above.

[0058] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A voltage spike safety pre-testing system, characterized in that, include: The spike signal generation module is used to generate regulated voltage spike signals based on preset spike test parameters and application test scenarios. The signal coupling and decoupling module is used to decouple and isolate the power grid, and couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test to obtain the input spike voltage signal; The data synchronization monitoring module is used to collect and clean the input peak voltage signal according to the voltage peak test sequence, calculate the input peak voltage amplitude, and extract the transient peak voltage value. The central control module is used to analyze voltage spike test items, extract spike test parameters, generate spike switching timing, coordinate the control of each module, and analyze the input spike voltage amplitude and the transient spike voltage value to generate the equipment spike test table.

2. The voltage spike safety pre-testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spike signal generation module includes: The trigger control unit is used to perform timing control on the energy storage capacitor based on the application test scenario and the peak switching timing, and generate an energy storage switching signal. The high-voltage spike generation unit is used to regulate the discharge of the energy storage capacitor according to the preset spike test parameters and the energy storage switching signal to generate the original voltage spike signal. The energy storage and voltage regulation unit is used to regulate the peak value of the original voltage spike signal to generate a regulated voltage spike signal.

3. The voltage spike safety pre-testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal coupling and decoupling module includes: The line impedance stabilization network is used to filter interference from the power grid output to obtain a clean voltage signal, which is then transmitted to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test. A coupling-decoupling network is used to couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line in combination with the pure voltage signal to obtain the initial spike voltage signal; An impedance matching network is used to match and adjust the resistance parameters according to the input impedance of the airborne equipment under test, and to obtain the input peak voltage signal by combining the initial peak voltage signal.

4. The voltage spike safety pre-testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data synchronization monitoring module includes: The data cleaning unit is used to remove duplicates and filter the input spike voltage signals of the airborne equipment under test according to the data acquisition frequency, so as to obtain the corrected spike voltage signals. The data synchronization unit is used to synchronize the signal generation timing of the high voltage spike generation unit with the data acquisition timing of the transient oscilloscope unit to obtain the synchronous monitoring timing. A differential sampling unit is used to sample the corrected peak voltage signal to obtain the input peak voltage amplitude; The transient oscilloscope unit is used to perform transient capture of the corrected peak voltage signal according to the synchronous monitoring timing and extract the transient peak voltage value.

5. The voltage spike safety pre-testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control module includes: The data analysis unit is used to perform time-frequency domain analysis on the corrected peak voltage signal and calculate the peak characteristic parameters; The data storage unit is used to store the input peak voltage amplitude, transient peak voltage value and peak characteristic parameters according to the timestamp, and to construct peak test data pairs; The project analysis unit is used to analyze the peak test projects of the equipment and extract the configuration test topology and target test parameters; The simulation switching unit is used to simulate the switching of the configuration test topology according to the peak test timing and generate a topology switching twin model. The model verification unit is used to fuse and derive the topology switching twin model according to the actual configuration parameters, calculate the configuration switching time and simulation test parameters, and determine the topology operation status. If the configuration switching time is not within the preset switching time tolerance range, the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the current peak test timing is optimized according to the grid search mechanism to obtain the optimal test timing. If not, then the target test parameters are compared with the simulated test parameters; If any simulated test parameter is not within the tolerance range of the target test parameter, the topology operation state is determined to be abnormal, and the actual parameters of the current configuration are traced back to correct the abnormal topology data source. If not, then the current topology switching twin model is determined to be the optimal topology switching model, and the topology operation state is determined to be normal.

6. The voltage spike safety pre-testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The central control module also includes: The model deconstruction unit is used to decouple the optimal topology switching model and extract the peak switching timing. The signal generation unit is used to correlate and transform the peak switching timing with the target test parameters to generate a topology switching timing instruction. The collaborative switching unit is used to distribute the topology switching timing instructions according to the layout of test circuit components and automatically switch the test topology architecture. The topology analysis unit is used to analyze the input peak voltage amplitude and transient peak voltage value of the airborne equipment under test according to the test topology architecture, and generate the equipment peak test table.

7. The voltage spike safety pre-testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The analog switching unit includes: The physical mapping layer is used to perform entity mapping on the configuration topology switching graph to obtain the virtual model of topology switching. The boundary calibration layer is used to perform parameter detection and boundary constraints on actual test circuit components, and to extract component node parameters and component constraint parameter ranges. The timing segmentation layer is used to parse and transform peak test timing data to generate a timing event data table. The incentive injection layer is used to perform incentive transformation and anomaly fusion on the time-series event data table to generate incentive sources. The state modeling layer is used to derive modeling of the excitation source based on event-driven logic and generate a topology switching state skeleton. The graph model association layer is used to associate and reconstruct the topology switching state skeleton according to the component node parameters to obtain the initial topology switching model. The simulation switching layer is used to reduce the order of the initial topology switching model and perform communication mapping to generate an interactive topology switching model. The verification and optimization layer is used to test the interactive topology switching model based on historical peak test data, obtain the simulated response curve, and verify it point by point with the actual response curve, and calculate the point residual value. If the residual value at the point is not within the preset tolerance range, the component sensitive parameters are corrected according to the parameter proportion weight. If not, then the current interactive topology switching model is determined to be a topology switching twin model.

8. A voltage spike safety pre-testing method, applied to the system described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Based on the application test scenario and peak switching timing, the energy storage capacitor is controlled according to the timing to generate an energy storage switching signal; Based on the preset peak test parameters and the energy storage switching signal, the discharge of the voltage-stabilized energy storage capacitor is regulated and the voltage peak signal is generated. Decouple and isolate the power grid, and couple the regulated voltage spike signal to the power supply line of the airborne equipment under test to obtain the input spike voltage signal; Based on the voltage spike test timing sequence, the input spike voltage signal is acquired and cleaned, the input spike voltage amplitude is calculated, and the transient spike voltage value is extracted. Based on the timestamp, the input peak voltage amplitude, transient peak voltage value, and peak characteristic parameters are stored to construct peak test data pairs.

9. The voltage spike safety pre-testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pre-testing method further includes: Analyze the peak test items of the equipment and extract the configuration test topology and target test parameters; Based on the peak test timing switching simulation of the configuration test topology, a topology switching twin model is generated; Based on the actual configuration parameters, the topology switching twin model is fused and derived to calculate the configuration switching time and simulation test parameters, and the topology operation status is determined. Decouple the topology switching twin model, extract the peak switching timing, and associate it with the target test parameters to generate topology switching timing instructions; The topology switching timing command is distributed according to the test circuit component layout to automatically switch the test topology architecture. Based on the test topology analysis, the input peak voltage amplitude and transient peak voltage value of the airborne equipment under test are analyzed, and combined with the topology operation status, a peak voltage test table for the equipment is generated.

10. A storage medium storing at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the voltage spike safety pre-testing method as described in any one of claims 8-9.

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