Fluidized bed reactor apparatus and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a fluidized bed reaction equipment and a use method, and relates to the technical field of fluidized bed. The fluidized bed reaction equipment comprises a machine body, a gas supply device, a plurality of heating devices and a control module. The machine body is provided with a loosening chamber and a plurality of fluidized chambers. The upper end of the loosening chamber is provided with a feeding port, and the lower end of the loosening chamber is in communication with the lower parts of the fluidized chambers. The upper ends of the fluidized chambers and the loosening chamber are provided with exhaust ports, and the upper end side walls of the fluidized chambers are provided with discharge ports. The gas supply device is in communication with the lower ends of the fluidized chambers and the loosening chamber. The plurality of heating devices correspond to the fluidized chambers and are respectively arranged in the fluidized chambers. The fluidized bed reaction equipment can control and adjust the fluidized wind composition and the fluidized chamber temperature in each fluidized chamber, can test the influence of various atmospheres and various temperature conditions on the same solid material through a single test, and can improve the test efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fluidized bed technology, and in particular to a fluidized bed reaction device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] A gas-solid fluidized bed reactor is a device that uses airflow to suspend a bed of solid particles, creating a fluidized state to achieve efficient gas-solid contact and reaction. Compared with fixed-bed reactors, fluidized beds have advantages such as high heat and mass transfer efficiency and uniform bed temperature, and are therefore widely used in chemical, energy, and mineral processing industries.

[0003] However, in scientific research experiments and small-scale process exploration, it is often necessary to investigate the reaction behavior of the same solid material under different atmospheres (such as reducing gases with different compositions or reactant gases with different ratios). Traditional fluidized bed reactors can only test one atmosphere condition in a single experiment, requiring multiple independent experiments to obtain multiple sets of comparative data. This not only leads to long experimental cycles and high energy and feed gas consumption, but more importantly, because it is difficult to ensure that the operating conditions (such as temperature, pressure, and fluidization state) are completely consistent for each experiment, it introduces systematic errors that are difficult to eliminate, reducing the repeatability and comparability of experimental data and hindering the rapid screening of optimal process conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of related technologies, and the present invention provides a fluidized bed reaction device.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution: A fluidized bed reactor includes a body, a gas supply device, multiple heating devices, and a control module.

[0006] The machine body is provided with a loosening chamber and multiple fluidizing chambers, the multiple fluidizing chambers being arranged circumferentially relative to the loosening chamber; the upper end of the loosening chamber is provided with a feed inlet, and the lower end of the loosening chamber is connected to the lower part of each of the fluidizing chambers; both the fluidizing chambers and the loosening chambers are provided with exhaust ports at their upper ends, and the upper sidewall of the fluidizing chamber is provided with a discharge port; the air supply device is connected to the lower ends of the fluidizing chambers and the loosening chambers respectively, the air supply device being used to supply fluidizing air to the fluidizing chambers, and the air supply device being used to supply loosening air to the loosening chambers; multiple heating devices are corresponding one-to-one with each of the fluidizing chambers, and are respectively installed in each of the fluidizing chambers for heating their respective fluidizing chambers; the control module is electrically connected to the air supply device and the heating device respectively.

[0007] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the machine body includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, with the inner cylinder passing through the outer cylinder; the internal cavity of the inner cylinder forms the loosening chamber; a fluidizing baffle is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the fluidizing baffle is connected to the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; multiple fluidizing baffles are evenly distributed circumferentially relative to the axis of the inner cylinder; the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder, and two adjacent fluidizing baffles together form the fluidizing chamber; the heating device is disposed on the outer side wall of the outer cylinder.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of loosening baffles along the radial direction. The plurality of loosening baffles divide the loosening chamber into a plurality of loosening sub-chambers, and the loosening sub-chambers correspond to the fluidization chambers. The lower end of the loosening sub-chamber is connected to the lower end of the corresponding fluidization chamber.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the fluidized bed reaction equipment also includes a feeding device, the feeding port of which is connected to a feeding pipe; the end of the feeding pipe away from the feeding device is provided with a uniform feed head, and the feeding pipe is connected to the feed inlet of each of the loosening sub-chambers through the uniform feed head.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a loosening air chamber is provided at the lower end of the loosening chamber, and a fluidizing air chamber is provided at the lower end of the fluidizing chamber; air distribution plates are provided at intervals between the loosening chamber and the loosening air chamber, and between the fluidizing chamber and the fluidizing air chamber, and air outlets are evenly distributed on the air distribution plates; the air supply device is connected to the lower end of the fluidizing air chamber and the lower end of the loosening air chamber respectively.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the heating device includes a temperature control unit and a temperature sensor. The temperature control unit is installed on the outer wall of the fluidization chamber, and the temperature sensor is located inside the fluidization chamber. The temperature control unit and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the upper end of the fluidization chamber is provided with a material guiding cavity, which is curved from bottom to top in a direction away from the loosening chamber, and the discharge port is provided on the side wall of the material guiding cavity away from the loosening chamber.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a guide pipe is connected to the discharge port, and a cooling device is installed on the guide pipe.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a first temperature difference sensor is provided at the end of the guide tube near the discharge port, and a second temperature difference sensor is provided at the end of the guide tube away from the discharge port. The first temperature difference sensor and the second temperature difference sensor are respectively electrically connected to the control module.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, pressure sensors are provided at the top of both the fluidization chamber and the loosening chamber.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the exhaust port of the fluidization chamber is also connected to an exhaust gas treatment device.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method of using a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the method of using the fluidized bed reactor described above includes: The heating device is activated to heat each fluidization chamber separately, so that the same or different temperature environments are formed in each fluidization chamber; Start the air supply device and introduce sweeping air into the loosening chamber through the loosening air chamber at the bottom of the loosening chamber, and introduce sweeping air into each fluidizing chamber through the fluidizing air chamber at the bottom of each fluidizing chamber respectively. Solid material is fed into the loosening chamber through the feed inlet. The solid material falls into the loosening chamber. When the loosening chamber is full of solid material, the working mode of the air supply device is switched, and loosening air is introduced into the loosening chamber through the loosening air chamber at the bottom of the loosening chamber. The solid material is loosened and conveyed under the blowing action of the upward loosening air, and then moves to each fluidization chamber through the bottom of the loosening chamber. The loosening air is discharged from the exhaust port of the loosening chamber after approaching the top of the loosening chamber. After the solid material enters the fluidization chamber, and when the fluidization chamber is full of solid material, the working mode of the air supply device is switched, and fluidizing air with the same or different composition is introduced into each fluidization chamber through the fluidizing air chamber at the bottom of each fluidization chamber. Through the pushing action of subsequent solid materials and the upward propulsion of fluidizing air, the solid materials move upward in the fluidization chamber; As the solid material moves upward within the fluidization chamber, it undergoes a fluidization reaction with the fluidizing air. The solid material that has completed the reaction is discharged from the discharge port near the top of the fluidization chamber, and the fluidizing air is discharged from the exhaust port near the top of the fluidization chamber.

[0018] Compared with related technologies, the advantages of this invention are: The fluidized bed reactor provided by this invention, during operation, first introduces solid material into the loosening chamber through the feed inlet. As the material falls within the loosening chamber, it is loosened and conveyed by upward-blowing loosening air, and then moves from the lower end of the loosening chamber to each of the fluidized chambers. Since all fluidized chambers share the same loosening chamber as the material inlet, the solid material entering each fluidized chamber maintains a high degree of consistency in parameters such as particle size distribution, moisture content, and packing density.

[0019] Each fluidization chamber is independently equipped with a heating device on its outer side. The control module can adjust the output power of each heating device and maintain different temperature conditions in different fluidization chambers. At the same time, driven by the control module, the gas supply device can introduce fluidizing air of different components into each fluidization chamber, thereby creating different reaction atmospheres in each fluidization chamber.

[0020] Using the above structure, the effects of multiple atmospheres and temperatures on the same solid material can be tested in parallel in a single experiment. This not only avoids the tedious process of preparing materials and conducting batch tests for each operating condition, but also significantly improves experimental efficiency and the comparability of results between different operating conditions. Furthermore, since the materials in all fluidization chambers come from the same loosening chamber, the material batches are completely consistent, eliminating systematic errors introduced by material differences and improving the accuracy and comparability of experimental data.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fluidized bed reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a fluidized bed reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This diagram shows a partial structural schematic of a fluidized bed reactor in one embodiment of the present invention from another perspective. Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0024] Explanation of key component symbols: 100-Main body; 110-Loosening chamber; 111-Feed inlet; 112-Loosening air chamber; 120-Fluidization chamber; 121-Exhaust port; 122-Discharge port; 123-Filter element; 124-Fluidization air chamber; 125-Tail gas treatment device; 126-Guide chamber; 130-Inner cylinder; 140-Outer cylinder; 150-Fluidization baffle; 160-Loosening baffle; 170-Air distribution plate; 171-Guide ring platform; 180-Guide pipe; 181-Cooling device; 200-Air supply device; 300-Heating device; 400-Conveying device; 410-Conveying pipe; 420-Plain head. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0030] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fluidized bed reaction device, including a body 100, a gas supply device 200, multiple heating devices 300, and a control module.

[0031] The machine body 100 is provided with a loosening chamber 110 and multiple fluidizing chambers 120, which are arranged circumferentially relative to the loosening chamber 110. The upper end of the loosening chamber 110 is provided with a feed inlet 111, and the lower end of the loosening chamber 110 is connected to the lower part of each fluidizing chamber 120. Both the fluidizing chamber 120 and the loosening chamber 110 are provided with exhaust ports 121 at their upper ends, and the upper side wall of the fluidizing chamber 120 is provided with a discharge port 122. An air supply device 200 is connected to both the fluidizing chamber 120 and the loosening chamber. The lower end of 110 is connected to an air supply device 200, which supplies fluidizing air to the fluidization chamber 120 and loosening air to the loosening chamber 110. Typically, an airflow formed by inert gases (such as nitrogen or rare gases) is used as the loosening air. This loosening air enters the loosening chamber 110 upwards to loosen the bottom particles, prevent material bridging, and provide driving force for material flow, ensuring that particles can stably flow from the loosening chamber 110 to the fluidization chamber 120. Simultaneously, the loosening air forms an independent air seal within the loosening chamber 110, preventing gas from communicating between the fluidization chambers 120. Multiple heating devices 300 are installed in each fluidization chamber 120, corresponding one-to-one, to heat their respective fluidization chambers. The control module is electrically connected to the air supply device 200 and the heating devices 300.

[0032] In the fluidized bed reactor provided in this embodiment, during operation, solid material first enters the loosening chamber 110 through the feed inlet 111. During its descent within the loosening chamber 110, it is loosened and conveyed by upward loosening airflow, and then moves from the lower end of the loosening chamber 110 to each fluidized chamber 120. Since all fluidized chambers 120 share the same loosening chamber 110 as the material inlet, the solid material entering each fluidized chamber 120 maintains a high degree of consistency in parameters such as particle size distribution, moisture content, and packing density.

[0033] Each fluidization chamber 120 is independently equipped with a heating device 300 on its outer side. The control module can adjust the output power of each heating device 300 and maintain different temperature conditions in different fluidization chambers 120. At the same time, driven by the control module, the gas supply device 200 can introduce fluidizing air of different components into each fluidization chamber 120, thereby creating different reaction atmospheres in each fluidization chamber 120.

[0034] Using the above structure, the effects of multiple atmospheres and temperatures on the same solid material can be tested in parallel in a single experiment. This not only avoids the tedious process of preparing materials and conducting batch tests for each operating condition, but also significantly improves experimental efficiency and the comparability of results between different operating conditions. Furthermore, since the materials in all fluidization chambers 120 come from the same loosening chamber 110, the material batches are completely consistent, eliminating systematic errors introduced by material differences and improving the accuracy and comparability of experimental data.

[0035] In some embodiments, the machine body 100 includes an inner cylinder 130 and an outer cylinder 140, with the inner cylinder 130 passing through the outer cylinder 140. The interior of the inner cylinder 130 is used to form a loosening chamber 110. A fluidizing baffle 150 is provided between the inner cylinder 130 and the outer cylinder 140, and the fluidizing baffle 150 is connected to the inner cylinder 130 and the outer cylinder 140. Multiple fluidizing baffles 150 are evenly distributed circumferentially relative to the axis of the inner cylinder 130. The inner cylinder 130, the outer cylinder 140, and two adjacent fluidizing baffles 150 together form a fluidizing chamber 120. A heating device 300 is disposed on the outer side wall of the outer cylinder 140. The coaxial structure of the machine body 100 through which the inner cylinder 130 passes through the outer cylinder 140 allows the loosening chamber 110 to be located at the center of the equipment, and multiple fluidizing chambers 120 to be distributed around the outside. The overall structure is compact, shortening the path of material from the loosening chamber 110 into each fluidizing chamber 120, and improving the material distribution efficiency and movement efficiency.

[0036] Furthermore, the outer surface of the fluidizing baffle 150 is provided with a heat insulation layer, or the fluidizing baffle 150 itself is made of heat insulation material. Since the heating device 300 of each fluidizing chamber 120 can be independently set to different temperatures, there may be a large temperature difference between adjacent fluidizing chambers 120. The heat insulation layer or heat insulation material can effectively block the transfer of heat between adjacent fluidizing chambers 120, avoid thermal crosstalk caused by temperature difference, thereby improving the independence of reaction conditions in each fluidizing chamber 120 and the accuracy of experimental data.

[0037] In some embodiments, the inner cylinder 130 is positioned at a greater height than the outer cylinder 140, meaning the loosening chamber 110 is positioned at a greater height than the fluidizing chamber 120. This height difference allows the loosening chamber 110 to hold more solid material. Under gravity, the material forms a column of a certain height within the loosening chamber 110, and the weight of this column generates a downward pushing force. This pushing force propels the material smoothly from the lower end of the loosening chamber 110 into each fluidizing chamber 120. Furthermore, after the reaction, it pushes the material upward within the fluidizing chamber 120 and discharges it from the equipment through the discharge port 122. This structure ensures a smooth movement of the material from entering the loosening chamber 110, passing through each fluidizing chamber 120, to finally being discharged from the discharge port 122, thus improving the continuous operation capability of the equipment.

[0038] In some embodiments, the inner cylinder 130 is provided with a plurality of loosening baffles 160 radially inside, which divide the loosening chamber 110 into a plurality of loosening sub-chambers, and the loosening sub-chambers correspond to the fluidization chambers 120; the lower end of the loosening sub-chamber is connected to the lower end of the corresponding fluidization chamber 120. When solid material enters the loosening chamber 110 from the upper end of the inner cylinder 130, the plurality of loosening baffles 160 initially separate and guide the material radially, so that the material is evenly distributed into each loosening sub-chamber during the falling process, and then enters the corresponding fluidization chamber 120 through the lower end of the loosening sub-chamber.

[0039] The above structure allows the material to be directly and evenly distributed by the loosening baffle 160 after entering the inner cylinder 130, avoiding the problem of uneven material quantity in each area due to accumulation or flow deviation in the loosening chamber 110, ensuring that the amount of material entering each fluidization chamber 120 is consistent, thereby improving the accuracy and comparability of the test data.

[0040] In some embodiments, the fluidized bed reactor further includes a conveying device 400, the conveying port of which is connected to a conveying pipe 410; the conveying device 400 may specifically be a screw feeder. The screw feeder propels the material forward axially through the rotation of the screw, ensuring continuous and stable conveying process, effectively avoiding material accumulation or interruption caused by pulse feeding, and facilitating the smoothness and continuity of material conveying. A material leveling head 420 is provided at the end of the conveying pipe 410 away from the conveying device 400, and the conveying pipe 410 is connected to the inlet 111 of each loosening sub-chamber through the material leveling head 420; the material is distributed by the material leveling head 420 and simultaneously enters each loosening sub-chamber, and then enters the corresponding fluidized chamber 120 through each loosening sub-chamber.

[0041] The above structure allows the material to be initially evenly distributed by the equalization head 420 before entering the inner cylinder 130, avoiding the problem of uneven feed rate in each fluidization chamber 120 caused by the material being concentrated in a certain loose sub-chamber. This facilitates ensuring the uniformity of material delivery to each loose sub-chamber, thereby improving the consistency of reaction conditions in each fluidization chamber 120 and the accuracy of test data.

[0042] In some embodiments, a loosening air chamber 112 is provided at the lower end of the loosening chamber 110, and a fluidizing air chamber 124 is provided at the lower end of the fluidizing chamber 120; air distribution plates 170 are provided at intervals between the loosening chamber 110 and the loosening air chamber 112, and between the fluidizing chamber 120 and the fluidizing air chamber 124, and air distribution plates 170 are evenly distributed with air outlets; the air supply device 200 is connected to the lower end of the fluidizing air chamber 124 and the lower end of the loosening air chamber 112 respectively; the above structure allows the fluidizing air and loosening air blown by the air supply device 200 to enter the corresponding fluidizing air chamber 124 or loosening air chamber 112 for buffering and pressure stabilization before entering the fluidizing chamber 120 or the loosening chamber 110. The air chamber, as a transitional space for airflow, allows the pulsating or uneven airflow directly output from the air supply device 200 to undergo initial diffusion and homogenization. The airflow then enters the fluidization chamber 120 or the loosening chamber 110 after being evenly distributed through multiple vents on the air distribution plate 170. The air distribution plate 170 further disperses the airflow into multiple uniform small airflows, preventing concentrated airflow impact that could lead to material splashing or localized uneven fluidization.

[0043] The combined effect of the air chamber buffer and the air distribution plate 170 rectification ensures that the airflow remains stable and uniform when entering the fluidization chamber 120 or the loosening chamber 110, so that the fluidization effect in each fluidization chamber 120 is consistent and the loosening effect in each loosening chamber is consistent, thereby ensuring the stability of the test conditions and the reliability of the test results.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the air distribution plate 170 extends from the end face near the loosening chamber 110 and is provided with an air guide ring 171. The air guide ring 171 is used to separate and guide the fluidizing air and the loosening air, reducing the probability of the fluidizing air or the loosening air running around in the loosening chamber 110 and the fluidizing chamber 120, and ensuring the working reliability of this embodiment.

[0045] In some embodiments, the setting height of the air guide ring 171 is 'a', the diameter of the air guide ring 171 and the loosening chamber 110 is 'D', and the opening height of the connection between the loosening chamber 110 and the fluidizing chamber 120 is 'b'. The values ​​of a, b, and D satisfy the following ranges: D / 5 ≤ a ≤ D / 2; D / 2 ≤ b ≤ D. By limiting the setting height of the air guide ring 171 and the opening height of the connection between the loosening chamber 110 and the fluidizing chamber 120, the probability of fluidizing air or loosening air flowing across the loosening chamber 110 and the fluidizing chamber 120 is further effectively reduced, while ensuring the smoothness of the process of solid material entering the fluidizing chamber 120 from the loosening chamber 110, thus ensuring the operational reliability of this embodiment.

[0046] In some embodiments, the heating device 300 includes a temperature control unit and a temperature sensor. The temperature control unit is installed on the outer wall of the fluidization chamber 120 and is used to heat the fluidization chamber 120 and regulate its heating temperature. The temperature sensor is located inside the fluidization chamber 120 and is used to directly detect the temperature inside the fluidization chamber 120, facilitating the detection of the actual reaction temperature inside the fluidization chamber 120 and obtaining the true temperature data in direct contact with the material. The temperature control unit and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control module. During the experiment, the temperature control unit feeds back the temperature of its heating section to the control module, and the temperature sensor feeds back the actual temperature inside the fluidization chamber 120 to the control module. The control module makes a comprehensive judgment based on the detection data from the two temperature sensors: when the actual temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than the lower limit of the preset temperature range, the control module increases the operating power of the temperature control unit; when the actual temperature is higher than the upper limit of the preset temperature range, the control module decreases the operating power of the temperature control unit or temporarily shuts down the temperature control unit. Through the above closed-loop control, the test temperature in each fluidization chamber 120 is kept stable within the preset temperature range, which helps to ensure the accuracy of test conditions and the reliability of test data.

[0047] In some embodiments, the upper end of the fluidization chamber 120 is provided with a guide cavity 126, which is curved from bottom to top in a direction away from the loosening chamber 110. The discharge port 122 is provided on the side wall of the guide cavity 126 away from the loosening chamber 110. When the fluidizing air is blown upward from the air distribution plate 170 at the lower end of the fluidization chamber 120, the solid material moves upward along the fluidization chamber 120 under the carrying of the airflow. After entering the guide cavity 126, the inner wall of the guide cavity 126 forms a guiding effect on the material. As the material moves upward with the airflow, it is gradually guided to deviate in a direction away from the loosening chamber 110, so that the movement trajectory of the material naturally tends to the side wall where the discharge port 122 is located.

[0048] The above structure uses the curved shape of the guide cavity 126 to match the rising path of the material with the position of the discharge port 122, so that the material does not need to accumulate in large quantities at the top of the fluidization chamber 120 before it can be discharged from the discharge port 122. Instead, the material continuously moves towards the discharge port 122 during the rising process, which shortens the effective distance of the material from the fluidization chamber 120 to the discharge port 122, reduces the retention and deposition of the material at the top, facilitates the improvement of the material discharge efficiency, and also helps to maintain the continuity and stability of the material flow in each fluidization chamber 120.

[0049] In some embodiments, a guide pipe 180 is connected to the discharge port 122, and a cooling device 181 is installed on the guide pipe 180. When solid material is discharged from the discharge port 122 and enters the guide pipe 180, the cooling device 181 continuously cools the material so that the material temperature is rapidly reduced to a safe range during the conveying process.

[0050] Since the material is still at a relatively high temperature when it exits the fluidization chamber 120, direct contact with atmospheric air could cause the surface of the high-temperature material to undergo chemical reactions such as oxidation and moisture absorption with oxygen and water vapor in the air, leading to changes in the composition or properties of the material and affecting the accuracy of subsequent test results. The cooling device 181 effectively avoids the above problems, ensuring that the material remains in a controlled low-temperature environment from discharge to collection, maintaining the original reactive state of the material.

[0051] The cooling device 181 can specifically be a water cooling device. The water cooling device includes a water cooling jacket surrounding the outer wall of the feed pipe 180. Circulating cooling water is introduced into the water cooling jacket. The cooling water removes the heat of the material through heat exchange with the outer wall of the feed pipe 180. The cooling efficiency is high and the temperature control is stable, which can meet the cooling rate requirements of different materials.

[0052] In some embodiments, a first temperature difference sensor is provided at the end of the feed tube 180 near the discharge port 122, and a second temperature difference sensor is provided at the end of the feed tube 180 away from the discharge port 122. The first and second temperature difference sensors are electrically connected to the control module. During the test, the first temperature difference sensor feeds back the temperature of the material entering the feed tube 180 to the control module in real time, and the second temperature difference sensor feeds back the temperature of the material leaving the feed tube 180 to the control module in real time. The control module compares the difference in the detection data from the two temperature sensors and calculates the actual temperature drop of the material within the feed tube 180.

[0053] When the control module detects that the temperature difference between the first and second temperature difference sensors is within the preset range, it indicates that the cooling performance of the cooling device 181 is normal, and the material has been effectively cooled to the target temperature range during the conveying process. When the temperature difference is significantly less than the preset range, it indicates that the cooling capacity of the cooling device 181 is insufficient, and the control module can issue adjustment commands in a timely manner, such as increasing the flow rate of cooling water or decreasing the temperature of cooling water, to improve cooling efficiency. When the temperature difference is significantly greater than the preset range, it indicates over-cooling, and the control module can reduce the cooling intensity accordingly to avoid condensation on the surface of the material or unnecessary changes in its properties due to over-cooling.

[0054] Through the closed-loop monitoring method based on dual-sensor temperature difference comparison, the control module can make real-time judgments and dynamic adjustments on the cooling performance of the cooling device 181, ensuring that the cooling process is always in a reliable and controllable state throughout the entire discharge process from the fluidization chamber 120 to the final collection, thus ensuring the temperature stability and chemical integrity of the material before collection.

[0055] In some embodiments, pressure sensors are provided at the top of both the fluidization chamber 120 and the loosening chamber 110 to determine the flow of materials by detecting changes in air pressure in the fluidization chamber 120 and the loosening chamber 110. This allows operators to stop the machine in time when material blockage occurs, ensuring the reliability of this embodiment.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a filter element 123 is provided on the exhaust port 121 to prevent material from flying out with the airflow. The filter element 123 can specifically be a filter screen or a grid plate to ensure the reliability of material blocking. During the fluidized bed reaction process, the gas enters the corresponding chamber from each air chamber through the air distribution plate 170, forming an upward lifting and carrying effect on the material. When the airflow carries fine particulate material to the exhaust port 121, without filtration measures, some solid materials with smaller particle sizes may fly out of the equipment with the airflow, causing material loss, and may also pollute the surrounding environment or affect the accuracy of subsequent material quantity detection.

[0057] The filter element 123 is located at the exhaust port 121. Airflow can pass through the mesh of the filter element 123 and exit the equipment normally. However, solid materials, due to their larger particle size than the mesh size of the filter element 123, are intercepted on the surface of the filter element 123 and cannot be carried away by the airflow. The intercepted materials slide down the surface of the filter element 123 under the action of gravity and fall back into the corresponding fluidization chamber 120 or loosening chamber 110 to continue participating in the reaction or fluidization process.

[0058] The above structure effectively prevents fine particulate matter from flying out of the equipment with the exhaust airflow by setting a filter element 123 at the exhaust port 121. This reduces material loss, ensures the accuracy of the total amount of material during the test, and prevents material leakage from polluting the environment around the equipment, thus ensuring the cleanliness of the test environment and the reliability of the test data.

[0059] In some embodiments, the opening direction of the exhaust port 121 is parallel to the horizontal plane, that is, the flow direction of the airflow is turned and guided, which helps to reduce the amount of material carried out of the machine body 100 when the airflow is discharged from the exhaust port 121, thereby reducing the work waste in this embodiment.

[0060] In some embodiments, the exhaust port 121 of the fluidized chamber 120 is also connected to an exhaust gas treatment device 125, which effectively reduces the pollution of the atmospheric environment by the exhaust gas during the fluidized bed reaction, meets the environmental protection requirements during the experiment, and also avoids the leakage of harmful gases from causing adverse effects on the health of the test personnel and the surrounding environment.

[0061] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method of using a fluidized bed reactor. The method of using the fluidized bed reactor described above includes: The heating device 300 is activated to heat each fluidization chamber 120 separately, so that the same or different temperature environments are formed in each fluidization chamber 120. The air supply device 200 is activated, and sweeping air is introduced into the loosening chamber 110 through the loosening air chamber 112 at the lower end of the loosening chamber 110. Sweeping air is also introduced into each fluidizing chamber 120 through the fluidizing air chamber 124 at the lower end of each fluidizing chamber 120. The sweeping air is specifically an airflow composed of inert gas or rare gas. When the sweeping air is introduced into the fluidizing chamber 120 or the loosening chamber 110, the air or harmful gases in each chamber can be pre-emptied, which can improve the safety and work quality in the subsequent working process of this embodiment.

[0062] Solid material is fed into loosening chamber 110 through feed inlet 111. The solid material falls into loosening chamber 110. When loosening chamber 110 is full of solid material, the working mode of air supply device 200 is switched, and loosening air is introduced into loosening chamber 110 through loosening air chamber 112 at the lower end of loosening chamber 110. The solid material is loosened and conveyed under the blowing action of the upward loosening air, and then moves to each fluidization chamber 120 through the lower end of loosening chamber 110. The loosening air is discharged from exhaust port 121 of loosening chamber 110 after approaching the top of loosening chamber 110. After the solid material enters the fluidization chamber 120, and when the solid material fills the fluidization chamber 120, the working mode of the air supply device 200 is switched, and fluidization air with the same or different composition is introduced into each fluidization chamber 120 through the fluidization air chamber 124 at the lower end of each fluidization chamber 120. Through the pushing action of subsequent solid materials and the upward fluidizing air, the solid materials move upward within the fluidization chamber 120; As the solid material moves upward within the fluidization chamber 120, it undergoes a fluidization reaction with the fluidizing air. The solid material after the reaction is completed is discharged from the discharge port 122 after it approaches the top of the fluidization chamber 120, and the fluidizing air is discharged from the exhaust port 121 after it approaches the top of the fluidization chamber 120.

[0063] By employing the above-described method, different temperature conditions can be maintained in different fluidization chambers 120. Simultaneously, driven by the control module, the air supply device 200 can introduce fluidizing air of different compositions into each fluidization chamber 120, thereby creating different reaction atmospheres within each chamber. A single experiment can simultaneously test the effects of multiple atmospheres and temperature conditions on the same solid material. This not only avoids the tedious process of preparing materials and conducting batch tests for each operating condition but also significantly improves experimental efficiency and the comparability of results between different operating conditions. Furthermore, since the materials in all fluidization chambers 120 originate from the same loosening chamber 110, the material batches are completely consistent, eliminating systematic errors introduced by material differences and improving the accuracy and comparability of experimental data.

[0064] In some embodiments, a fluidized bed reactor is used to perform a fluidized bed reduction reaction on the high-iron red mud. The chemical composition (mass fraction) of the high-iron red mud is: TFe 47.67%, FeO 0.34%, SiO2 1.97%, Al2O3 12.41%, MgO 0.16%, TiO2 5.33%, K2O 0.05%, CaO 0.18%, Na2O 1.02%, P 0.07%, S 0.03%, LOI 11.11%. Phase analysis of iron shows that iron accounts for 97.72% in hematite, only 0.19% in magnetic iron, and 0.86% in ferrosilicon. The iron minerals are mainly hematite and goethite, and the reducibility is good.

[0065] Using the aforementioned fluidized bed reaction equipment and method, it is convenient to simultaneously carry out fluidized bed reduction reactions on the same batch of high-iron red mud under different temperatures, different atmosphere compositions, and different reducing gas concentrations. The experimental results are shown in the table below.

[0066]

[0067] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0068] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fluidized bed reaction apparatus, characterized in that, include: The machine body (100) is provided with a loosening chamber (110) and a plurality of fluidizing chambers (120), the plurality of fluidizing chambers (120) being arranged circumferentially relative to the loosening chamber (110); the upper end of the loosening chamber (110) is provided with a feed inlet (111), and the lower end of the loosening chamber (110) is connected to the lower part of each of the fluidizing chambers (120); the upper ends of the fluidizing chambers (120) and the loosening chambers (110) are both provided with exhaust ports (121), and the upper sidewall of the fluidizing chambers (120) is provided with a discharge port (122). An air supply device (200) is connected to the lower end of the fluidization chamber (120) and the loosening chamber (110), respectively. The air supply device (200) is used to supply fluidizing air to the fluidization chamber (120) and to supply loosening air to the loosening chamber (110). Multiple heating devices (300) are installed in each of the fluidization chambers (120) respectively, corresponding to each of the fluidization chambers (120), for heating their respective fluidization chambers (120); The control module is electrically connected to the gas supply device (200) and the heating device (300), respectively.

2. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The body (100) includes an inner cylinder (130) and an outer cylinder (140), the inner cylinder (130) passing through the outer cylinder (140); the internal cavity of the inner cylinder (130) forms the loosening chamber (110); a fluidizing baffle (150) is provided between the inner cylinder (130) and the outer cylinder (140), and the fluidizing baffle (150) is connected to the inner cylinder (130) and the outer cylinder (140); multiple fluidizing baffles (150) are evenly distributed circumferentially relative to the axis of the inner cylinder (130); the inner cylinder (130), the outer cylinder (140) and two adjacent fluidizing baffles (150) together form the fluidizing chamber (120); the heating device (300) is disposed on the outer side wall of the outer cylinder (140).

3. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner cylinder (130) is provided with a plurality of loosening baffles (160) along the radial direction. The plurality of loosening baffles (160) divide the loosening chamber (110) into a plurality of loosening sub-chambers, and the loosening sub-chambers correspond to the fluidization chamber (120); the lower end of the loosening sub-chamber is connected to the lower end of the corresponding fluidization chamber (120).

4. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fluidized bed reactor further includes a feeding device (400), the feeding port of which is connected to a feeding pipe (410); the end of the feeding pipe (410) away from the feeding device (400) is provided with a uniform feed head (420), and the feeding pipe (410) is connected to the feed inlet (111) of each of the loosening sub-chambers through the uniform feed head (420).

5. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the loosening chamber (110) is provided with a loosening air chamber (112), and the lower end of the fluidizing chamber (120) is provided with a fluidizing air chamber (124); air distribution plates (170) are provided at intervals between the loosening chamber (110) and the loosening air chamber (112), and between the fluidizing chamber (120) and the fluidizing air chamber (124), and air outlets are evenly distributed on the air distribution plates (170); the air supply device (200) is connected to the lower end of the fluidizing air chamber (124) and the lower end of the loosening air chamber (112) respectively.

6. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating device (300) includes a temperature control unit and a temperature sensor. The temperature control unit is installed on the outer wall of the fluidization chamber (120), and the temperature sensor is located inside the fluidization chamber (120). The temperature control unit and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

7. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the fluidization chamber (120) is provided with a material guiding cavity (126), which is curved from bottom to top away from the loosening chamber (110), and the discharge port (122) is provided on the side wall of the material guiding cavity (126) away from the loosening chamber (110).

8. The fluidized bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The discharge port (122) is connected to a guide pipe (180), and a cooling device (181) is installed on the guide pipe (180).

9. The fluidized bed reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The end of the guide tube (180) near the discharge port (122) is provided with a first temperature difference sensor, and the end of the guide tube (180) away from the discharge port (122) is provided with a second temperature difference sensor. The first temperature difference sensor and the second temperature difference sensor are respectively electrically connected to the control module.

10. A method of using a fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that, The method of using the fluidized bed reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: The heating device (300) is started to heat each fluidization chamber (120) separately, so that the same or different temperature environments are formed in each fluidization chamber (120); Start the air supply device (200), and introduce sweeping air into the loosening chamber (110) through the loosening air chamber (112) at the lower end of the loosening chamber (110), and introduce sweeping air into each fluidizing chamber (120) through the fluidizing air chamber (124) at the lower end of each fluidizing chamber (120); Solid material is fed into loosening chamber (110) through feed inlet (111). The solid material falls into loosening chamber (110). When loosening chamber (110) is full of solid material, the working mode of air supply device (200) is switched. Loosening air is introduced into loosening chamber (110) through loosening air chamber (112) at the lower end of loosening chamber (110). The solid material is loosened and conveyed under the blowing action of the upward loosening air. Then it moves to each fluidization chamber (120) through the lower end of loosening chamber (110). The loosening air is discharged from the exhaust port (121) of loosening chamber (110) after approaching the top of loosening chamber (110). After the solid material enters the fluidization chamber (120), and when the solid material fills the fluidization chamber (120), the working mode of the air supply device (200) is switched, and fluidizing air with the same or different composition is introduced into each fluidization chamber (120) through the fluidizing air chamber (124) at the lower end of each fluidization chamber (120); Through the pushing action of subsequent solid materials and the upward fluidizing air, the solid materials move upward in the fluidization chamber (120); As the solid material moves upward within the fluidization chamber (120), it undergoes a fluidization reaction with the fluidizing air. The solid material after the reaction is completed is discharged from the discharge port (122) after it is close to the top of the fluidization chamber (120), and the fluidization air is discharged from the exhaust port (121) after it is close to the top of the fluidization chamber (120).

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