A cement pole production antifreezing raw material stirring device
By employing a servo motor-driven scraper assembly and threaded connection structure in the production of cement poles, the problem of material adhesion was solved, achieving thorough mixing of the raw materials for cement poles and improving the mixing effect and quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611117735.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
AI Technical Summary
When mixing raw materials for cement pole antifreeze in existing dual planetary mixers, the materials tend to stick to the inner wall of the mixing shell, resulting in insufficient mixing and affecting the mixing effect.
A mixing device for antifreeze raw materials used in cement pole production was designed. It uses a servo motor to drive the rotating shaft and scraper assembly. The scraper is in close contact with the inner wall of the mixing shell to remove adhering materials. The threaded connection structure facilitates cleaning of the mixing blades and ensures that the materials are fully mixed.
This process achieves thorough scraping of material from the inner wall of the mixing shell, improving the fullness of material mixing and the mixing effect, and ensuring the uniformity and quality of the raw materials for cement poles.
Smart Images
Figure CN123025397A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of cement pole production technology, and in particular to an antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production. Background Technology
[0002] As fundamental components of power transmission and distribution projects, cement poles are exposed to complex outdoor environments for extended periods. Under harsh climatic conditions such as low temperatures, frost, and snow, they are prone to surface cracking, internal crumbling, and reduced structural strength, severely impacting the safety and stability of the power grid. To improve the low-temperature resistance and freeze-thaw durability of cement poles, a specialized antifreeze raw material system is required in their production. This system involves adding antifreeze agents and freeze-thaw modified fillers to cement, sand, gravel, and fly ash as base materials to form antifreeze concrete raw materials, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the formed poles in low-temperature environments. The uniformity and material integration of the antifreeze raw materials directly determine the dispersion effect of the antifreeze components, making it a crucial process for controlling the freeze-thaw resistance and overall molding quality of cement poles.
[0003] Dual planetary mixers, with their unique planetary mixing trajectory, can achieve all-round, dead-angle-free mixing of materials. Compared with traditional single-shaft mixers, they offer higher mixing uniformity and better material mixing efficiency. They are increasingly being applied in the production of high-precision, high-uniformity cement pole raw materials, effectively meeting the multi-component, refined mixing and proportioning requirements of antifreeze materials. However, existing dual planetary mixers still have technical shortcomings in the actual mixing process of cement pole antifreeze materials. These materials contain various highly viscous materials such as fine cement powder, powdered antifreeze agents, and viscous modifiers. These materials have a narrow moisture tolerance range and strong adhesion. During dual planetary mixing, due to the material's own viscosity, centrifugal force, and the flow characteristics of the material adhering to the mixing shell, a large amount of material adheres to the inner wall of the mixing shell. During the mixing process, it is impossible to simultaneously mix the material adhering to the inner wall of the mixing shell, resulting in insufficient mixing and poor mixing effect. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the following shortcomings in the prior art: In the current use of double planetary mixers, a large amount of material adheres to the inner wall of the mixing shell. During the mixing process, it is impossible to simultaneously mix the material adhering to the inner wall of the mixing shell, resulting in insufficient mixing and poor mixing effect. Therefore, this invention proposes an antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A mixing device for antifreeze raw materials used in cement pole production includes a double planetary mixing shell. A sealing cover is provided on the top of the double planetary mixing shell. A bracket is fixedly installed on the sealing cover. A rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the bracket. A first gear is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. Multiple mounting shafts are rotatably connected to the bracket. A sleeve is fitted on each mounting shaft. Multiple mixing blades are fixedly connected to the sleeve. A fixed sleeve is fixedly connected inside the sealing cover. A rotating assembly is provided on the fixed sleeve. The rotating assembly includes a rotating ring rotatably installed on the fixed sleeve. A toothed ring is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the rotating ring. A second gear is fixedly connected to each mounting shaft. Each second gear meshes with the toothed ring and the first gear. An opening is provided on the rotating ring. Sliding grooves are provided on the inner walls of both sides of the opening. A slider is slidably connected in the sliding grooves. A scraping assembly is provided on the slider. The scraping assembly includes a scraper fixedly installed at the lower end of the slider. A first spring is fixedly connected to the slider. The first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening.
[0007] Preferably, a servo motor is fixedly mounted on the sealing cover, and the drive end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft.
[0008] Preferably, the rotating ring has an annular groove that communicates with the opening. An annular plate is slidably connected inside the annular groove. A hinge rod is hinged to the lower surface of the annular plate and is hinged to the slider. An extrusion rod is slidably connected to the sealing cover, and the lower surface of the extrusion rod is in contact with the upper surface of the annular plate.
[0009] Preferably, each of the mounting shafts is fixedly connected to a fixing block, the fixing block has a threaded groove, each sleeve is threadedly connected to the corresponding threaded groove, and a sealing ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each sleeve, the surface of the sealing ring being in close contact with the surface of the mounting shaft.
[0010] Preferably, mounting blocks are fixedly connected to both sides of the double planetary stirring shell, and positioning holes are provided on the mounting blocks. Two positioning rods are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sealing cover, and a slot is provided on one side of each positioning rod.
[0011] Preferably, each mounting block is slidably connected to a limiting rod, one end of which engages with a corresponding slot, and a second spring is sleeved on the limiting rod. One end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the mounting block, and the other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the limiting rod.
[0012] Preferably, an air bladder is fixedly connected to one side surface of the dual planetary mixing shell, a channel communicating with the air bladder is opened on the dual planetary mixing shell, two diverter pipes are fixedly connected to the dual planetary mixing shell, a sealing cavity communicating with the corresponding diverter pipe is opened on each mounting block, a sealing plate is slidably arranged in each sealing cavity, and the sealing plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding limiting rod.
[0013] Preferably, an L-shaped mounting plate is fixedly connected to one side surface of the double planetary mixer shell. A threaded rod is threadedly connected to the mounting plate, and a pressing plate is rotatably connected to one end of the threaded rod. A round rod is fixedly connected to one side of the pressing plate, and the round rod and the mounting plate are slidably connected.
[0014] Preferably, the lower inner wall of the double planetary mixer shell is provided with a discharge port, and a guide block with a circular cross-section is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the double planetary mixer shell.
[0015] Preferably, a discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the double planetary mixing shell, a solenoid valve is provided on the discharge pipe, and a feed pipe is fixedly installed on the sealing cover.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0017] 1. The servo motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and each sleeve and stirring blade will rotate. During the high-speed rotation of the stirring blade, the material can be dispersed and the mixing effect of the material is good. Under the elastic force of the first spring, the scraper will be in close contact with the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell. As the slider and scraper rotate together with the toothed ring, the elastic force of the first spring is large. During the rotation of the scraper in close contact with the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell, the material adhering to the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell can be scraped off. Thus, the material inside the double planetary mixing shell can be fully and thoroughly mixed, and the mixing effect of the material is good.
[0018] 2. When there is a lot of material adhering to the surface of the mixing blades, the sealing cover can be detached from the double planetary mixing housing. After removing each sleeve and the mixing blades completely from the inside of the double planetary mixing housing, rotate the sleeve and thread it onto the fixing block until the threaded grooves on the sleeve and the fixing block disengage. Then, the sleeve can be pulled off the mounting shaft to separate it from the mounting shaft, so that the material on the mixing blades can be cleaned, which is beneficial to the normal use of the mixing blades in the future. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a front structural diagram of an antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production proposed in this invention.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a side view of the antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production proposed in this invention.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the back of an antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production proposed in this invention.
[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial bottom view of the internal structure of an antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production proposed in this invention;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front internal structure of the movable block in this invention;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the rotating ring and the annular plate in this invention.
[0025] Figure 7 This is a side view of the extrusion plate and airbag in this invention.
[0026] In the diagram: 1. Double planetary mixing shell, 2. Threaded rod, 3. Sealing cap, 4. Mounting block, 5. Diverter pipe, 6. Positioning rod, 7. Airbag, 8. Mounting plate, 9. Round rod, 10. Discharge pipe, 11. Mounting shaft, 12. Scraper, 13. Guide block, 14. Sealing ring, 15. Fixing sleeve, 16. Extrusion rod, 17. Sleeve, 18. Mixing blade, 19. Rotating ring, 20. Gear ring, 21. Second gear, 22. Bracket, 23. First gear, 24. Rotating shaft, 25. Fixing block, 26. Limiting rod, 27. Second spring, 28. First spring, 29. Sealing plate, 30. Annular plate, 31. Hinge rod, 32. Slide groove, 33. Slider, 34. Extrusion plate. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
[0028] Reference Figures 1-7A mixing device for antifreeze raw materials used in cement pole production includes a double planetary mixing shell 1. A sealing cover 3 is provided above the double planetary mixing shell 1. A bracket 22 is fixedly installed on the sealing cover 3. A rotating shaft 24 is rotatably installed on the bracket 22. A first gear 23 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 24. Multiple mounting shafts 11 are rotatably connected to the bracket 22. A sleeve 17 is fitted on each mounting shaft 11. Multiple mixing blades 18 are fixedly connected to the sleeve 17. A fixing sleeve 15 is fixedly connected inside the sealing cover 3. A rotating assembly is provided on the fixing sleeve 15. The rotating assembly includes a rotating ring 19 rotatably installed on the fixing sleeve 15. A toothed ring 20 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the rotating ring 19. A second gear 21 is fixedly connected to each mounting shaft 11. Each second gear 21 meshes with the toothed ring 20 and the first gear 23.
[0029] An opening is provided on the rotating ring 19, and grooves 32 are provided on the inner walls of both sides of the opening. A slider 33 is slidably connected in the grooves 32. A scraping component is provided on the slider 33. The scraping component includes a scraper 12 fixedly installed at the lower end of the slider 33. A first spring 28 is fixedly connected to the slider 33. The first spring 28 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening. A servo motor is fixedly installed on the sealing cover 3. The drive end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 24. When the servo motor is powered on, it drives the rotating shaft 24 to rotate, which in turn drives the first gear 23 to rotate. Each second gear 21 meshing with the first gear 23 rotates simultaneously. Each mounting shaft 11 rotates relative to the bracket 22 simultaneously.
[0030] An annular groove is provided on the rotating ring 19, and the annular groove is connected to the opening. An annular plate 30 is slidably connected in the annular groove. A hinge rod 31 is hinged to the lower surface of the annular plate 30. The hinge rod 31 and the slider 33 are hinged. A pressing rod 16 is slidably connected to the sealing cover 3. The lower surface of the pressing rod 16 is in contact with the upper surface of the annular plate 30. When the pressing rod 16 is pressed down, the pressing rod 16 will move down against the surface of the annular plate 30. The tilt angle of the hinge rod 31 changes. At the same time, the slider 33 slides in the groove 32, and the first spring 28 deforms.
[0031] Each mounting shaft 11 is fixedly connected to a fixing block 25, which has a threaded groove. Each sleeve 17 is threadedly connected to the corresponding threaded groove. A sealing ring 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each sleeve 17. The surface of the sealing ring 14 is in close contact with the surface of the mounting shaft 11. When the sleeve 17 is rotated, it disengages from the threaded groove on the fixing block 25 during the threaded connection process. Afterward, the sleeve 17 can be pulled out from the mounting shaft 11. When the sleeve 17 is threadedly connected to the fixing block 25, the sealing ring 14 is sleeved on the outside of the mounting shaft 11, which can effectively prevent material from seeping into the space between the sleeve 17 and the mounting shaft 11. The sealing ring 14 has good anti-stick and anti-corrosion properties.
[0032] Mounting blocks 4 are fixedly connected to both sides of the double planetary mixing shell 1. Positioning holes are provided on the mounting blocks 4. Two positioning rods 6 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sealing cover 3. A slot is provided on one side of each positioning rod 6. A limiting rod 26 is slidably connected to each mounting block 4. One end of the limiting rod 26 is engaged with the corresponding slot. A second spring 27 is sleeved on the limiting rod 26. One end of the second spring 27 is fixedly connected to the mounting block 4. The other end of the second spring 27 is fixedly connected to the limiting rod 26. An airbag 7 is fixedly connected to one side of the double planetary mixing shell 1. A channel communicating with the airbag 7 is provided on the double planetary mixing shell 1. Two diversion pipes 5 are fixedly connected to the double planetary mixing shell 1. A sealing cavity communicating with the corresponding diversion pipe 5 is provided on each mounting block 4.
[0033] Each sealed cavity is slidably equipped with a sealing plate 29, which is fixedly connected to the corresponding limiting rod 26. One side surface of the double planetary stirring shell 1 is fixedly connected to an mounting plate 8 with an L-shaped cross-section. A threaded rod 2 is threadedly connected to the mounting plate 8, and a pressing plate 34 is rotatably connected to one end of the threaded rod 2. A round rod 9 is fixedly connected to one side of the pressing plate 34, and the round rod 9 is slidably connected to the mounting plate 8. When the threaded rod 2 is rotated and the threaded rod 2 is threadedly connected to the mounting plate 8, the pressing plate 34 will move horizontally and compress the air bladder 7. After the air bladder 7 is compressed, the gas inside it will flow into the channel. Then the gas will be delivered to the interior of the two sealed cavities through two diversion pipes 5. The sealing performance of each sealing plate 29 when connected to the inner wall of the corresponding sealed cavity is good. After the gas enters the interior of the sealed cavity, it will push the sealing plate 29 to move inside the sealed cavity. Each limiting rod 26 simultaneously slides relative to the corresponding mounting block 4, and the second spring 27 deforms. After each limiting rod 26 moves, one end of it will engage with the corresponding slot.
[0034] The lower inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell 1 has a discharge port. A guide block 13 with a circular cross-section is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell 1. A discharge pipe 10 is fixedly connected to the double planetary mixing shell 1. A solenoid valve is installed on the discharge pipe 10. A feed pipe is fixedly installed on the sealing cover 3. Material can be fed into the interior of the double planetary mixing shell 1 through the feed pipe. After the solenoid valve is opened, the material mixed inside the double planetary mixing shell 1 can be discharged through the discharge pipe 10. The surface height of the guide block 13 near the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell 1 is higher, and the surface height near the discharge pipe 10 is lower, so that the material can be discharged through the discharge pipe 10 along the arc surface of the guide block 13 under the action of gravity.
[0035] In this invention, during installation, the extrusion rod 16 is first pressed down, causing it to move downwards against the surface of the annular plate 30. The tilt angle of the hinge rod 31 changes, and the slider 33 slides simultaneously inside the groove 32. The first spring 28 deforms, and the scraper 12 moves closer to the first gear 23. Then, the sealing cover 3 is connected to the upper end of the double planetary mixing shell 1, and the annular fixing sleeve 15 is inserted into the interior of the double planetary mixing shell 1. One end of each positioning rod 6 passes through the corresponding positioning hole. The external force applied to the extrusion rod 16 is removed. Then, the threaded rod 2 is rotated. During the threaded connection between the threaded rod 2 and the mounting plate 8, the round rod 9 will... When relative sliding occurs, the round rod 9 can prevent the extrusion plate 34 from swinging. Since the extrusion plate 34 is rotatably connected to the threaded rod 2 and cannot be disengaged from the threaded rod 2, the extrusion plate 34 will move horizontally and extrude the airbag 7 during the rotation of the threaded rod 2. Only one side of the airbag 7 is fixedly connected to the surface of the double planetary mixing shell 1, and the other surfaces are not fixed to the double planetary mixing shell 1. After the airbag 7 is extruded, the gas inside it will flow into the channel. Since each diversion pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the double planetary mixing shell 1 and communicates with the channel, and each diversion pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the corresponding mounting block 4, the gas will be delivered to the interior of the two sealed cavities through the two diversion pipes 5 respectively.
[0036] Each sealing plate 29 has good sealing performance when connected to the inner wall of the corresponding sealing cavity. After the gas enters the interior of the sealing cavity, it will push the sealing plate 29 to move inside the sealing cavity. Each limiting rod 26 slides relative to the corresponding mounting block 4 at the same time. The second spring 27 deforms. After each limiting rod 26 moves, one end of it will engage with the corresponding slot, which can prevent the positioning rod 6 from moving vertically and prevent the sealing cover 3 from separating from the double planetary mixing shell 1. When there is a lot of material adhering to the surface of the mixing blade 18, the sealing cover 3 can be separated from the double planetary mixing shell 1. Then, the sleeve 17 can be rotated to disengage it from the threaded groove on the fixing block 25. Then, the sleeve 17 can be pulled out from the mounting shaft 11 to separate the sleeve 17 from the mounting shaft 11, so as to clean the material on the mixing blade 18 and facilitate the subsequent use of the mixing blade 18.
[0037] After the external force applied to the extrusion rod 16 is removed, the slider 33 will slide inside the groove 32 under the elastic force of the first spring 28. After the scraper 12 moves, it will be in close contact with the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell 1. The material can be fed into the interior of the double planetary mixing shell 1 through the feed pipe. The servo motor is powered on and drives the rotating shaft 24 to rotate, which in turn drives the first gear 23 to rotate. The second gears 21 that are meshed with the first gear 23 rotate at the same time. The mounting shafts 11 rotate relative to the bracket 22 at the same time. The sleeves 17 and the stirring blades 18 will rotate on their own axis. The stirring blades 18 rotate at high speed. During the rotation, the material can be dispersed, resulting in a good mixing effect. When the second gear 21 rotates, it meshes with the gear ring 20, causing the gear ring 20 to rotate relative to the fixed sleeve 15. As the slider 33 and scraper 12 rotate together with the gear ring 20, the first spring 28 has a large elastic force. When the scraper 12 rotates close to the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell 1, it can scrape off the material adhering to the inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell 1, thereby fully and thoroughly mixing the material inside the double planetary mixing shell 1, resulting in a good mixing effect.
[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A mixing device for antifreeze raw materials used in cement pole production, comprising a double planetary mixing shell (1), characterized in that, A sealing cover (3) is provided above the double planetary stirring shell (1). A bracket (22) is fixedly installed on the sealing cover (3). A rotating shaft (24) is rotatably installed on the bracket (22). A first gear (23) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (24). Multiple mounting shafts (11) are rotatably connected to the bracket (22). A sleeve (17) is fitted on each mounting shaft (11). Multiple stirring blades (18) are fixedly connected to the sleeve (17). A fixed sleeve (15) is fixedly connected inside the sealing cover (3). A rotating assembly is provided on the fixed sleeve (15). The rotating assembly includes a rotating ring (19) rotatably installed on the fixed sleeve (15). A toothed ring (20) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the ring (19). A second gear (21) is fixedly connected to each of the mounting shafts (11). Each second gear (21) meshes with the toothed ring (20) and the first gear (23). An opening is provided on the rotating ring (19). A sliding groove (32) is provided on the inner walls of both sides of the opening. A slider (33) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (32). A scraping component is provided on the slider (33). The scraping component includes a scraper (12) fixedly installed at the lower end of the slider (33). A first spring (28) is fixedly connected to the slider (33). The first spring (28) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening.
2. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, A servo motor is fixedly installed on the sealing cover (3), and the drive end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (24).
3. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating ring (19) has an annular groove, which is connected to the opening. An annular plate (30) is slidably connected in the annular groove. A hinge rod (31) is hinged to the lower surface of the annular plate (30). The hinge rod (31) is hinged to the slider (33). An extrusion rod (16) is slidably connected to the sealing cover (3). The lower surface of the extrusion rod (16) is in contact with the upper surface of the annular plate (30).
4. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the mounting shafts (11) is fixedly connected to a fixing block (25), and the fixing block (25) is provided with a threaded groove. Each of the sleeves (17) is threadedly connected to the corresponding threaded groove. Each of the sleeves (17) is fixedly connected to a sealing ring (14) on its inner wall. The surface of the sealing ring (14) is in close contact with the surface of the mounting shaft (11).
5. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two sides of the double planetary stirring shell (1) are fixedly connected to mounting blocks (4), and the mounting blocks (4) are provided with positioning holes. The lower surface of the sealing cover (3) is fixedly connected to two positioning rods (6), and each positioning rod (6) is provided with a slot on one side.
6. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each mounting block (4) is slidably connected to a limiting rod (26). One end of the limiting rod (26) is engaged with a corresponding slot. A second spring (27) is sleeved on the limiting rod (26). One end of the second spring (27) is fixedly connected to the mounting block (4), and the other end of the second spring (27) is fixedly connected to the limiting rod (26).
7. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 6, characterized in that, An airbag (7) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the double planetary stirring shell (1). A channel communicating with the airbag (7) is opened on the double planetary stirring shell (1). Two diversion pipes (5) are fixedly connected to the double planetary stirring shell (1). Each mounting block (4) is provided with a sealing cavity communicating with the corresponding diversion pipe (5). A sealing plate (29) is slidably arranged in each sealing cavity. The sealing plate (29) is fixedly connected to the corresponding limiting rod (26).
8. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mounting plate (8) with an L-shaped cross-section is fixedly connected to one side surface of the double planetary stirring shell (1). A threaded rod (2) is threadedly connected to the mounting plate (8). A pressing plate (34) is rotatably connected to one end of the threaded rod (2). A round rod (9) is fixedly connected to one side of the pressing plate (34). The round rod (9) and the mounting plate (8) are slidably connected.
9. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell (1) is provided with a discharge port, and a guide block (13) with a circular cross-section is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the double planetary mixing shell (1).
10. The antifreeze raw material mixing device for cement pole production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The double planetary stirring shell (1) is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe (10), the discharge pipe (10) is equipped with a solenoid valve, and the sealing cover (3) is fixedly installed with a feed pipe.