A solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow efficient separation device and method for gas extraction drilling

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of solid-liquid gas multiphase flow high-efficiency separation equipment and method of gas extraction drilling, and relates to the field of coal mine safety engineering and gas extraction technology.Equipment includes: multiple functional cavities are sequentially connected in series along the direction of gas flow, each cavity is sealed and separated and internally connected to form a gas channel, including sequentially connected drainage cavity, condensation cavity and filter residue cavity;Condensation dehumidification device is provided in the drainage cavity;A staged condensation filter assembly is provided in the condensation cavity;Filter residue assembly and waste removal execution assembly are provided in the filter residue cavity;Automatic waste removal control assembly is provided in the drainage cavity and / or filter residue cavity;And control terminal;Automatic waste removal control assembly and control terminal constitute redundant waste removal control link between them.The application realizes the staged efficient separation of water and solid impurities in gas, and reduces manual intervention through automatic waste removal and integrated monitoring, improves the stability and safety of the separation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety engineering and gas extraction technology, specifically to a high-efficiency solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow separation device and method for gas extraction boreholes in coal mines. It is suitable for the simultaneous deep separation of liquid water and solid coal slag / rock slag in the mixed gas flow during the gas extraction process in boreholes, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the subsequent gas transportation system. Background Technology

[0002] Gas drainage is a core component of safe coal mine production. The extracted gas typically contains a large amount of liquid water (borehole water, coal seam fissure water) and solid impurities (coal slag, rock slag). If not effectively separated, this can severely impact the lifespan of subsequent gas transportation, storage, and utilization equipment, and may even lead to safety accidents such as pipeline blockage, equipment corrosion, or gas explosions. Therefore, solid-liquid-gas separation is a critical pretreatment process in gas drainage systems.

[0003] Currently, existing gas separation technologies and equipment mainly fall into the following categories: (1) Single-function separation equipment: such as independent condenser drainers, filter screen filter, etc., multiple devices need to be connected in series to achieve solid-liquid-gas separation, resulting in a large system footprint, complex connection pipelines, poor coordination between devices, and easy occurrence of "front blockage and back overflow" problems (such as water not being discharged in time after the filter screen is blocked, and seeping back into the gas pipeline).

[0004] (2) Insufficient condensation and dehydration efficiency: Existing condensation devices mostly adopt flat plate condensation structures, which have limited contact area with gas and no staged condensation design. Under the high negative pressure and high flow velocity extraction conditions in coal mines, the flat plate structure has high wind resistance and is prone to forming vortex streets on the back, resulting in significant extraction negative pressure loss. At the same time, when the airflow sweeps across the flat plate surface, it is easy to form a stable thermal boundary layer. This boundary layer acts like a "heat insulation pad" to prevent the internal gas from contacting the cold wall surface, causing the heat transfer coefficient to decrease sharply with the process. Existing technology can only remove some free water and cannot completely separate saturated water vapor in the gas. In particular, a large amount of liquid free water mixes with fine coal dust and directly impacts the fine treatment unit. It is easy to form "liquid bridges" in the microporous channels, leading to flooding. This causes the airflow channel to be blocked instantly, and the residual water is easy to combine with impurities to form a paste-like blockage, which aggravates equipment wear.

[0005] (3) Difficulty in cleaning and maintaining filter residue: Most filter residue components are fixed filter screens or filter plates. After impurities accumulate, manual disassembly and cleaning are required, which not only reduces the extraction efficiency but also poses safety hazards for manual operation underground. Under the negative pressure of extraction, coal slag and residual water vapor are prone to "bridging" and agglomeration on the surface of the filter screen, forming a viscoelastic filter cake layer. Some automatic filter residue equipment relies only on a single "slag scraping" or "back-blowing" mechanism, which can only remove floating dust on the surface of the filter screen. It cannot reach the adhesive fine slag deep into the inner wall of the filter hole and the heavy coal slurry deposited in the dead corner of the cavity, resulting in a continuous decrease in the effective filtration area. Usually, manual intervention is required to remove it after a few hours of operation. Incomplete cleaning of adhesive impurities can easily cause filter hole blockage.

[0006] (4) Lack of automation and monitoring: Drainage and slag discharge rely heavily on manual observation of liquid and slag levels, which leads to delayed triggering and can easily cause gas to carry liquid and slag. Due to the lack of real-time perception of the temperature field of the condensing chamber and the micro-pressure difference of the filter slag chamber, operators cannot predict the clogging trend and often only deal with it passively after the pressure difference rises suddenly or the extraction is interrupted. The lack of integrated data monitoring terminals makes it impossible to obtain key parameters such as condensation temperature, separation pressure and impurity accumulation in real time, making it difficult to achieve precise control of the separation process.

[0007] In gas drainage systems, the accumulation of moisture and solid impurities is the core hidden danger causing pipeline blockage, equipment corrosion, and gas explosions. Blocked pipelines can lead to a sudden increase in gas pressure, and corroded equipment is prone to sealing failure, both of which can cause gas leaks. Moreover, existing single-function equipment series systems suffer from poor coordination and frequent downtime for maintenance, typically requiring 2-3 maintenance shutdowns per month, with each maintenance session lasting 4-6 hours, severely impacting drainage efficiency. In summary, existing technologies suffer from incomplete separation, low automation, high maintenance costs, and weak monitoring capabilities. There is an urgent need to develop a gas drainage borehole solid-liquid-gas separation device and method with "multi-mechanism deep separation, full-process automation, and visual status monitoring" to address the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0008] Furthermore, similar defects were found in the relevant patent literature. For example, prior art 1 discloses a "gas-liquid-solid filtration separation device for coal seam gas extraction boreholes," which adopts a combination of cyclone separation, condensation components, and absorption drying components. However, its condensation components are conventional flat or tubular condensation structures. Flat structures have inherent problems such as the formation of a stable thermal boundary layer when airflow passes over the surface and the decrease in heat transfer coefficient with the flow process; tubular structures have problems with negative pressure loss during extraction due to Karman vortex streets. Its filter slag component is a fixed filter screen, which requires manual shutdown for disassembly and cleaning, and lacks an active waste removal mechanism. Prior art 2 designs a solid-liquid separation filter plate and a gas-liquid separation screen, but its slag removal relies on gravity natural sedimentation and manual operation, lacking an active coordinated waste removal mechanism of scraping and pushing slag, and lacking a condensation function, thus failing to separate saturated water vapor in the gas. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address at least one problem existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-mechanism separation device and method for solid-liquid-gas separation in gas extraction boreholes, the objectives of which are respectively: (a) To address the problems of poor coordination and large footprint caused by the series connection of existing single-function equipment, a multi-chamber series equipment that integrates dewatering, filter cake, waste discharge and monitoring is provided. By sequentially setting up a drainage chamber, a condensation chamber and a filter cake chamber along the gas flow direction, the orderly coordination of multiple mechanisms within the same equipment is achieved. (b) To address the problems of high wind resistance, vortex formation on the back side, and heat transfer coefficient decay caused by thermal boundary layer in existing flat plate condensing structures, an elliptical condenser with a streamlined windward surface is provided for preliminary condensation and dehydration, and a condensing filter plate with a honeycomb pore structure is provided for deep condensation and dehydration. The streamlined curved surface of the elliptical body is used to reduce flow resistance and avoid vortex formation, and the honeycomb pores are used to divide the airflow into multiple microchannels to destroy the thermal boundary layer and maintain the heat transfer coefficient. (c) To address the problem that existing single scraping or backflushing mechanisms cannot remove the adhering material on the inner wall of the filter pores and the sediment in the dead corner of the cavity, a two-dimensional synergistic waste removal system consisting of a scraper and a pusher is provided. The scraper moves back and forth in the vertical direction to peel off the adhesive filter cake on the surface of the filter plate, and the pusher moves back and forth in the horizontal direction to remove the bottom sludge. Together, they achieve thorough waste removal. (d) To address the problem that existing wastewater and slag discharge rely on manual observation and lack real-time perception and early warning, an automatic waste discharge control component consisting of a water pressure sensor switch and a gravity sensor switch is provided, as well as a multi-functional data integration terminal that forms a redundant waste discharge control link with it, so as to realize the automatic triggering of the waste discharge process and real-time early warning of abnormal states.

[0010] In other words, in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of existing solid-liquid-gas separation equipment for gas extraction, the core technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to achieve efficient and graded separation of moisture and solid impurities in gas within a single device, and to build an automated waste discharge system to avoid the cascading failure between condensation efficiency decay and filter residue blockage, thereby achieving long-term continuous and stable operation of the separation system under harsh downhole conditions.

[0011] Specifically, in response to the core problems of existing solid-liquid-gas separation technologies for gas extraction, namely "low separation efficiency, poor automation, high maintenance difficulty, and inaccurate monitoring," the present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow separation device and method for gas extraction boreholes, which can achieve efficient separation of moisture and solid impurities in gas in stages. At the same time, through automated waste discharge and integrated monitoring, manual intervention is reduced, and the stability and safety of the separation system are improved.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: According to a first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a high-efficiency solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow separation device for gas extraction boreholes is provided, comprising: Multiple functional chambers are connected in series along the gas flow direction. Each chamber is sealed and separated from the others, but internally connected to form a gas channel. The multiple functional chambers include a drainage chamber, a condensation chamber, and a filter cake chamber connected in series. The drainage chamber is equipped with a condensation and dehumidification device, which is used to perform preliminary condensation and dehydration on the incoming gas mixture to remove most of the free water. The condensation chamber is equipped with a staged condensation and filtration assembly, which is used to perform deep condensation and dehydration on the gas that has undergone preliminary condensation and dehydration and has had most of the free water removed, so as to separate the remaining saturated water vapor. The filter cake chamber is equipped with a filter cake assembly and a waste discharge execution assembly. The filter cake assembly is used to trap solid impurities entrained in the gas, and the waste discharge execution assembly is used to discharge the trapped solid impurities from the filter cake chamber. The drainage chamber and / or the filter cake chamber are equipped with an automatic waste discharge control component, which is used to automatically trigger the waste discharge action according to the accumulation state of liquid water or solid impurities in the chamber. And a control terminal, used to receive and display separation process parameters, and output control signals according to preset conditions to regulate the action of the waste discharge execution component; The automatic waste discharge control component and the control terminal form a redundant waste discharge control link. The automatic waste discharge control component is used to independently trigger the waste discharge action when there is no intervention from the control terminal. The control terminal is used for remote control and abnormal early warning.

[0013] Furthermore, the condensation dehumidification device is an elliptical condenser arranged in the drain cavity along the gas flow direction. The elliptical condenser has a streamlined windward surface, which is used to reduce airflow resistance and prevent the airflow from forming a vortex street on the back of the condenser. The surface temperature of the elliptical condenser is -5℃ to 0℃, which is used to condense the free water in the mixed gas into liquid water droplets under the action of inertial collision and drip them to the bottom of the drain cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the graded condensation filter assembly consists of multi-layer condensation filter plates arranged parallel to each other in the condensation chamber. The plate body of the condensation filter plate has a honeycomb structure, and multiple honeycomb channels are formed inside the honeycomb structure, extending along the thickness direction of the plate body. The honeycomb channels are used to divide the airflow into multiple microchannels to break the airflow thermal boundary layer and thus enhance heat transfer. At the same time, the airflow is forced to be rectified so that the airflow velocity entering the downstream filter cake chamber is evenly distributed. In addition, the inner wall of the honeycomb channels forms a water film under the flushing of condensate water to intercept fine dust entrained in the airflow.

[0015] Furthermore, the filter cake assembly is a filter cake plate disposed in the filter cake chamber. The filter cake plate is made of activated carbon composite filter material with a pore size of 50μm~100μm, which is used to intercept solid impurities with a particle size ≥5μm.

[0016] Furthermore, the waste discharge execution component includes a scraper and a pusher. The scraper is disposed on the inner wall of the filter chamber and is capable of reciprocating motion, used to scrape off solid impurities trapped on the surface of the filter assembly; the pusher is disposed at the bottom of the filter chamber and is capable of reciprocating motion, used to push the scraped solid impurities to the discharge port.

[0017] Furthermore, the automatic waste discharge control component includes a water pressure sensor switch disposed at the drain outlet and / or a gravity sensor switch disposed at the slag discharge outlet. The water pressure sensor switch is used to automatically open the drain outlet when the water pressure in the drain chamber reaches a first preset value, and the gravity sensor switch is used to automatically open the slag discharge outlet when the gravity of solid impurities reaches a second preset value.

[0018] Furthermore, the control terminal is electrically connected to the waste discharge execution component and the automatic waste discharge control component via a data transmitter, and is used to trigger the waste discharge execution component to start at a preset time interval, and to receive the status signal fed back by the automatic waste discharge control component.

[0019] Furthermore, the plurality of functional chambers also include an exhaust chamber located downstream of the filter cake chamber, the exhaust chamber being used to collect the separated pure gas and output it through an exhaust port.

[0020] Furthermore, a drainage pipe is provided at the bottom of the condensation chamber, and the end of the drainage pipe extends into the drainage chamber for draining the liquid water condensed and separated in the condensation chamber into the drainage chamber for centralized discharge.

[0021] Furthermore, the separation process parameters received by the control terminal include water pressure, air pressure, slag weight, and condensation temperature, and the control terminal triggers an alarm when the condensation temperature is higher than 0°C or the water pressure is higher than 0.3 MPa.

[0022] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for efficient separation of solid, liquid, and gas multiphase flow in a gas extraction borehole is provided, operating based on the equipment described in any of the above aspects, the method comprising: The gas mixture extracted from the borehole is sequentially introduced into a drainage chamber, a condensation chamber, and a filter cake chamber that are connected in series along the gas flow direction. In the drainage chamber, the gas mixture undergoes preliminary condensation and dehydration, causing most of the free water to condense into liquid water and be discharged. In the condensation chamber, the gas that has undergone preliminary condensation and dehydration and has had most of its free water removed is subjected to deep condensation and dehydration, so that the remaining saturated water vapor is condensed into liquid water and flows back to the drainage chamber for centralized discharge. The dehydrated gas is adsorbed and filtered in the filter cake chamber to remove solid impurities entrained in the gas. When the accumulation of liquid water in the drainage chamber reaches the first preset condition, the drainage action is automatically triggered; when the accumulation of solid impurities in the filter cake chamber reaches the second preset condition, the slag discharge action is automatically triggered. Pure gas, after removing liquid water and solid impurities, is output to subsequent utilization systems.

[0023] Furthermore, the preliminary condensation and dehydration process employs an elliptical condenser to condense the gas mixture. The surface temperature of the elliptical condenser is -5℃ to 0℃, causing more than 80% of the free water in the gas mixture to condense and precipitate.

[0024] Furthermore, the deep condensation dehydration uses a honeycomb condensation filter plate to perform staged condensation of gas. By dividing the airflow into multiple microchannels to disrupt the thermal boundary layer, heat exchange is enhanced, and the remaining moisture is completely separated.

[0025] Furthermore, the adsorption filtration uses activated carbon composite filter material to trap solid impurities with a particle size ≥5μm.

[0026] Furthermore, the automatic triggering of the drainage action is as follows: when the water pressure in the drainage chamber reaches 0.2MPa, the water pressure sensor switch automatically opens the drainage outlet.

[0027] Furthermore, the automatic triggering of the slag discharge action includes: starting the slag scraper at preset time intervals to scrape the solid impurities trapped on the surface of the filter cake assembly to the bottom of the filter cake chamber; when the air pressure at the bottom of the filter cake chamber rises to 0.15MPa due to the accumulation of impurities, starting the slag pusher to push the impurities to the slag discharge port; when the weight of the impurities at the slag discharge port reaches 5kg, the gravity sensor switch automatically opens the slag discharge port.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes data monitoring and control steps: real-time monitoring of condensation temperature, pressure of each chamber and slag weight, and triggering an audible and visual alarm when the condensation temperature is higher than 0℃ or the water pressure is higher than 0.3MPa.

[0029] Furthermore, the preset time interval is 30 minutes.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (a) Staged condensation structure: elliptical condenser and honeycomb condenser plate The elliptical condenser features a streamlined design, significantly reducing airflow resistance compared to existing flat or cylindrical structures. This avoids negative pressure losses caused by vortex shedding on the back of the flat plate. Its moderate curvature on the windward side allows over 80% of the free water in the mixed gas to condense and precipitate at this stage using the principle of inertial collision. Furthermore, the anisotropic surface of the elliptical body accelerates the convergence and dripping of the condensate film, achieving "instant condensation and dripping." The honeycomb condenser plate divides the large spatial channel into countless tiny parallel channels, each of which reforms a boundary layer, effectively overcoming the inherent defect of heat transfer coefficient decay with flow in flat plate condensers. Simultaneously, the honeycomb channels forcefully rectify the airflow, providing a uniform laminar flow condition for the downstream filter cake chamber. These two components constitute a scientific division of labor: "coarse separation + fine treatment," achieving a total water separation rate of over 99%.

[0031] (II) Activated carbon composite filter material The filter plate uses activated carbon composite filter material, which has both physical interception (retaining solid particles with a diameter ≥5μm) and surface adsorption (adsorbing fine dust and some harmful gas components). Compared with a single filter structure, it significantly improves the purification depth. Moreover, the surface characteristics of the composite filter material reduce the risk of coal slag and residual water vapor combining to form "bridging" agglomerates, so that the solid impurity removal rate reaches more than 98%.

[0032] (III) Dual-coordinated waste removal by slag scraper and slag pusher The intelligent upper and lower scrapers reciprocate vertically, peeling away the adhesive filter cake layer from the surface of the filter plate and the outer edge of the filter holes. The intelligent moving pusher reciprocates horizontally, pushing the heavy coal slag scraped off and deposited at the bottom of the chamber to the discharge port. Together, they form a two-dimensional slag discharge system of "vertical peeling + horizontal cleaning," overcoming the dual shortcomings of a single scraper that can only remove surface dust and cannot reach the dead corners of deposition, and a single pusher that cannot peel off the adhesive filter cake. The scrapers operate at preset time intervals to prevent excessive accumulation of impurities and the formation of a viscoelastic filter cake that is difficult to remove. The pusher is activated when the air pressure at the bottom of the chamber reaches 0.15MPa, precisely triggered based on the amount of impurities accumulated, avoiding "empty push" waste or "delayed push" blockage.

[0033] (iv) Dual-mode automatic waste discharge using water pressure and gravity sensors The water pressure sensor switch triggers drainage based on the water pressure of the liquid water in the drainage chamber, rather than manual visual inspection. When the water pressure reaches 0.2MPa, the drainage port is automatically opened, preventing liquid water from being carried downstream by airflow due to excessively high liquid levels. The gravity sensor switch directly detects the gravity of impurities at the slag discharge port. When the gravity reaches 5kg, the slag discharge port is automatically opened, avoiding the sealing failure or "false slag discharge" problem caused by negative pressure adsorption of traditional rubber doors. This achieves full automation of the drainage and slag discharge process, eliminating the need for manual on-site operation.

[0034] (v) Multifunctional data integration terminal The integrated terminal collects and displays multi-dimensional parameters such as water pressure, air pressure, slag weight, and condensation temperature in real time through a data transmitter, allowing managers to monitor the equipment's operating status without going down into the well. The terminal has preset multi-level alarm thresholds, and when the condensation temperature is higher than 0℃ (indicating a refrigeration system malfunction) or the water pressure is higher than 0.3MPa (indicating a drainage system blockage), it immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm, enabling maintenance personnel to intervene before a malfunction occurs, thus achieving an upgrade from "shutting down for maintenance after a malfunction" to "preventive maintenance before an anomaly occurs."

[0035] It should be noted that the core value of this invention lies in the organic closed loop formed by the step-by-step separation of "gas-liquid-solid" processes, rather than a simple superposition of isolated functions. The elliptical condenser pre-intercepts and discharges over 80% of the free water, ensuring that the gas entering the honeycomb condenser plate carries only saturated water vapor, fundamentally avoiding the "liquid bridge" blockage and flooding phenomena caused by liquid water entering the micropores. During the deep dehydration process, the inner wall of the micropores of the honeycomb condenser plate forms a flowing water film under the scouring of condensate. When dust-laden gas passes through, the dust impacts the water film under inertia and is adhered and discharged with the water, achieving a wet dust removal effect of "washing coal with water." This significantly reduces the dust concentration entering the downstream activated carbon filter plate and significantly extends the effective filtration cycle of the filter plate. After the scraper removes impurities from the surface of the activated carbon filter plate, if the accumulated sludge at the bottom is not cleaned in time, it will be stirred up again by airflow disturbance and re-adhere to the back of the filter plate. The horizontal pushing action of the sludge pusher promptly transfers the accumulated sludge at the bottom to the discharge port for discharge, preventing the secondary pollution cycle of "scraping → re-adsorption". Moreover, the starting threshold of the sludge pusher (0.15MPa at the bottom of the chamber) corresponds precisely to the critical state where the effective filtration area of ​​the filter plate begins to decrease significantly, ensuring that the timing of scraping and pushing is optimally matched. The water pressure sensor switch and the gravity sensor switch form a hardware-level automatically triggered "hard closed loop" to ensure basic waste discharge safety. The multi-functional data integration terminal performs trend analysis and anomaly judgment through the data transmitter and adjusts the scraping frequency as needed, forming a "soft closed loop" to achieve intelligent optimization. The redundant cooperation of the two ensures the long-term continuous operation of the separation system under harsh downhole conditions. The aforementioned synergistic effect enables the water separation rate and solid impurity removal rate to reach over 99% and 98% respectively, which is a significant improvement over existing equipment. The annual maintenance time is reduced by more than 60%, and the equipment size is reduced by 40%, achieving an overall technical effect of 1+1>2. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the prior art, the accompanying drawings below are only schematic diagrams of preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can derive other structural drawings based on the accompanying drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow separation device for gas extraction boreholes according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2This is a top view of the upper and lower condenser filter plates in the condensation chamber of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a right view of the filter plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the elliptical condenser in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Wherein: 1-Gas inlet; 2-Equipment wall; 3-Exhaust port; 4-Multi-functional data integration terminal; 5-Slag discharge port; 6-Drainage port; 7-Insulated anti-slip base; 8-Drainage chamber; 9-Condensation chamber; 10-Slag solidification chamber; 11-Exhaust chamber; 12-Intelligent mobile slag pusher; 13-Intelligent upper and lower slag scraper; 14-Filter plate; 15-Elliptical condenser; 16-Gravity sensor switch; 17-Water pressure sensor switch; 18-Data transmitter.

[0039] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution is fully described below with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention. These embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention. All embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] This invention breaks through the limitations of existing technologies, which rely on "single separation, manual operation, and decentralized monitoring," and constructs a technical paradigm of "graded separation + intelligent execution + integrated monitoring." Its core innovations (such as the graded condensation structure, multi-component linkage automation system, and intrinsically safe integrated terminal) provide replicable technical solutions for the development of similar equipment, promoting the transformation of coal mine gas treatment from "extensive separation" to "precise and intelligent separation." Simultaneously, the equipment is compatible with the gas extraction conditions of different coal mines (adaptable to high / low gas mines through parameter adjustment), possessing broad promotional value. It can drive the technological upgrading of the coal mine safety equipment manufacturing industry and contribute to the green and low-carbon development of the coal industry.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment solves the above problems through an integrated technical solution of "staged condensation + adsorption filter residue + intelligent waste discharge + data integration", as detailed below: 1. Structure of the separation equipment like Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a device wall 2, an insulated and anti-slip base 7, functional cavity components, automated execution components, and a multi-functional data integration terminal 4. These components work together to form a closed separation system. The device has an overall closed shell structure, with multiple functional chambers sequentially formed inside along the gas flow direction.

[0044] Functional cavity assembly: Drainage cavity 8, condensation cavity 9, filter cake cavity 10 and exhaust cavity 11 are arranged in series along the gas flow direction. Each cavity is sealed and separated by the equipment wall 2, and the interior is connected to form a gas channel. Drainage chamber 8: The top is connected to the air inlet 1, and the chamber is equipped with an elliptical condenser 15 (e.g., Figure 4 As shown, the elliptical condenser is elliptical in shape (with its major axis parallel to the gas flow direction), and a drain outlet 6 is connected to the bottom. A water pressure sensor switch 17 is installed at the drain outlet 6. Condensing chamber 9: Internally, there are vertically arranged parallel condensing filter plates 9a and 9b, which have a honeycomb structure (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), a drainage pipe 9c is provided at the bottom, and the end of the drainage pipe 9c extends into the drainage chamber 8; Filter cake chamber 10: Equipped with filter cake plate 14 (activated carbon composite filter media, pore size 50-100μm), and the inner wall of the chamber is equipped with intelligent upper and lower scrapers 13 (e.g., Figure 3 As shown, the scraper moves vertically back and forth along the surface of the filter plate. An intelligent mobile slag pusher 12 is provided at the bottom, and a slag discharge port 5 is connected to one side. A gravity sensor switch 16 is provided at the slag discharge port 5. Exhaust chamber 11: The top is connected to exhaust port 3, serving as a buffer output chamber for the separated pure gas.

[0045] The automated execution components include an intelligent upper and lower scraper 13, an intelligent mobile slag pusher 12, a water pressure sensor switch 17, a gravity sensor switch 16, and a data transmitter 18; the data transmitter 18 is electrically connected to the scraper 13, the slag pusher 12, and each sensor switch.

[0046] Multifunctional data integration terminal 4: Fixed on the outside of the equipment wall 2, it receives separation system parameters (water pressure, air pressure, slag weight, condensation temperature) through data transmitter 18, and can preset the slag scraper start time, while also having an abnormal alarm function.

[0047] 2. Separation Method Steps Air intake and preliminary condensation and dehydration: The gas mixture extracted from the borehole enters the drainage chamber 8 through the gas inlet 1. When it flows through the elliptical condenser 15, under the low temperature of -5℃ to 0℃, more than 80% of the free water in the gas mixture condenses into liquid water droplets and drips to the bottom of the drainage chamber 8. Deep condensation and dehydration: Incompletely dehydrated gas enters the condensation chamber 9, and after secondary condensation and interception by honeycomb condensation filter plates 9a and 9b, the remaining water is completely separated into liquid water, which flows back to the drainage chamber 8 through the drainage pipe 9c; Adsorption filter residue: After dehydration, the gas enters the filter residue chamber 10 and is adsorbed and filtered by the filter residue plate 14. Solid impurities (coal slag, rock slag, etc.) are trapped on the surface of the filter residue plate. Purified exhaust gas: Pure gas with solid and liquid impurities removed enters the exhaust chamber 11 and is transported to the subsequent gas utilization system through the exhaust port 3; 3. Automated waste disposal: Drainage: When the water pressure in the drain chamber 8 reaches 0.2MPa, the water pressure sensor switch 17 automatically opens, and liquid water is discharged through the drain outlet 6; Slag removal: The multi-functional data integration terminal 4 triggers the intelligent upper and lower slag scraper 13 (starting at a preset 30-minute interval) through the data transmitter 18 to scrape impurities from the surface of the filter plate 14 to the bottom of the chamber; when the air pressure at the bottom of the filter chamber 10 rises to 0.15MPa due to the accumulation of impurities, the intelligent mobile slag pusher 12 starts to push the impurities to the slag discharge port 5; when the weight of the impurities reaches 5kg, the gravity sensor switch 16 automatically opens, and the impurities are discharged through the slag discharge port 5; Data monitoring and control: The multi-functional data integration terminal 4 displays parameters such as pressure, condensation temperature, and slag weight of each chamber in real time. If the parameters exceed the preset range (such as condensation temperature above 0℃ or water pressure above 0.3MPa), an audible and visual alarm will be triggered immediately.

[0048] An optimization experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between the equivalent diameter of the honeycomb pores in the honeycomb condenser filter plate within the condensation chamber and its condensation separation performance. This was performed at gas flow rates of 15 to 20 m³ / h. 3 Under the same operating conditions of 25-35℃ airflow rate and relative humidity not less than 95%, when the equivalent diameter of the honeycomb channels is 1mm, the moisture separation rate can reach 99.5%, but the system pressure drop is as high as 680Pa, resulting in a significant increase in energy consumption. When the equivalent diameter is increased to 2mm, the moisture separation rate is 99.2%, the system pressure drop decreases to 520Pa, and the heat transfer coefficient is 162W / m². 2 • K; When the equivalent diameter is 3 mm, the moisture separation rate is 99.0%, the system pressure drop is further reduced to 480 Pa, and the heat transfer coefficient is 148 W / m. 2 • When the equivalent diameter continues to increase to 4 mm, the moisture separation rate drops to 97.5%; at 5 mm, the moisture separation rate is only 95.0%, which can no longer meet the requirements for deep dehydration. Considering the three indicators of separation efficiency, system pressure loss, and heat exchange performance, when the equivalent diameter of the honeycomb channel is 2 mm to 3 mm, the system pressure loss can be controlled within 520 Pa while maintaining a moisture separation rate of not less than 99%, achieving the best balance between separation effect and energy consumption. Based on the above experimental results, this embodiment selects a honeycomb channel equivalent diameter of 3 mm to ensure a moisture separation rate of not less than 99% while controlling the system pressure loss to the lowest level.

[0049] Under the same windward projected area and surface temperature (-5℃ to 0℃), the flow field characteristics and condensation performance of the elliptical condenser with a streamlined windward surface of this invention were compared with those of the commonly used circular tube condenser in the prior art. Observation of the flow field distribution on the back side of the condenser using a particle image velocimetry system revealed that: the drag coefficient of the circular tube condenser was 1.20, and a significant Karman vortex street existed on its back side. Periodic vortex shedding of the airflow caused significant negative pressure loss during extraction, resulting in a water separation rate of only 82%. Furthermore, the condensed water droplets were difficult to quickly converge and drip due to the isotropic curved surface, leading to a high proportion (up to 15%) of water droplets being secondary-entrained downstream by the high-speed airflow. In contrast, the elliptical condenser with a major axis to minor axis ratio of 2:1 had a drag coefficient reduced to 0.45, no vortex street formation on its back side, a water separation rate increased to 88%, and a secondary water droplet entrainment rate decreased to 3%. The elliptical condenser with a major axis to minor axis ratio of 3:1 further reduced the drag coefficient to 0.38, achieved a water separation rate of 90%, and a secondary water droplet entrainment rate of only 2%. Experimental data show that the drag coefficient of the elliptical condenser used in this invention is only 32% to 38% of that of a circular tube, the water separation rate is 6 to 8 percentage points higher than that of a circular tube, and the secondary entrainment rate of water droplets is reduced by more than 80%, which fully verifies the significant advantages of the streamlined elliptical structure in drag reduction and prevention of secondary entrainment.

[0050] At a gas flow rate of 15 to 20 m³ / h 3 / min, solid impurity concentration 5 to 8 g / m 3Under the same operating conditions, a comparative test of the slag discharge efficiency of three slag discharge configuration schemes was conducted after 240 hours of continuous operation. In the scheme with only intelligent upper and lower scrapers but without the intelligent mobile slag pusher, the scraped impurities accumulated in large quantities at the bottom of the filter cake chamber, forming a secondary pollution cycle of "scraping → re-adsorption" under airflow disturbance, resulting in a slag discharge residue rate of over 40%. The system pressure loss gradually increased to over 1200 Pa over operating time, requiring manual shutdown and slag cleaning within 72 hours. In the scheme with only intelligent mobile slag pushers but without the intelligent upper and lower scrapers, a firm viscoelastic filter cake layer formed on the surface of the filter cake plate, which the slag pusher could not peel off, resulting in a slag discharge residue rate of over 60%. In the previous method, the system pressure loss increased to over 1000 Pa, requiring manual removal of the filter cake within 48 hours of operation. Furthermore, the turbulent flow field negatively impacted the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser. However, the present invention, employing a scraper and pusher working in tandem, utilizes a two-dimensional slag removal system. The scraper vertically peels off the filter cake from the filter plate surface, while the pusher horizontally removes the accumulated slag from the bottom. This system achieves a slag residue rate of less than 5%, and after 240 hours of continuous operation, the system pressure loss remains stable below 520 Pa. No manual slag removal is required throughout the entire process. This comparison demonstrates a clear process dependency between the scraper and pusher; the absence of either results in a slag residue rate 8 to 12 times higher than when they work together, causing the system to fail within 2 to 3 days. This proves the irreplaceable nature of the two-dimensional synergistic slag removal system.

[0051] Under simulated downhole operating conditions, the separation equipment of this invention underwent a long-term stability test for 720 consecutive hours. Key performance indicators were sampled and tested every 24 hours during operation. At the 24th hour, the water separation rate was 99.2%, the solid impurity removal rate was 98.5%, and the system pressure loss was 480 Pa; at the 120th hour, the water separation rate was 99.1%, the solid impurity removal rate was 98.3%, and the system pressure loss was 490 Pa; at the 240th hour, the water separation rate was 99.0%, the solid impurity removal rate was 98.2%, and the system pressure loss was 495 Pa; at the 480th hour, the water separation rate was 99.0%, the solid impurity removal rate was 98.0%, and the system pressure loss was 500 Pa; at the 720th hour, the water separation rate remained no less than 98.8%, the solid impurity removal rate remained no less than 97.8%, and the system pressure loss was only 505 Pa. From the 24th hour to the 720th hour, the moisture separation rate decreased by only 0.4 percentage points, the solid impurity removal rate decreased by only 0.7 percentage points, the system pressure loss increased by only 25 Pa, and the overall performance degradation rate was less than 2%. This long-term operational test data fully demonstrates that the staged condensation structure, adsorption filter assembly, and two-dimensional synergistic waste discharge system of this invention maintain high stability during long-term continuous operation, with no cascading failures occurring between the functional chambers, ensuring the continuous and reliable operation of the separation equipment under harsh downhole conditions.

[0052] Working principle: This embodiment achieves solid-liquid-gas separation based on the synergistic mechanism of "staged condensation enhanced dehydration" and "adsorption filter residue + intelligent waste discharge": Specifically, the gas extracted from the borehole enters chamber 8 through 1. First, a portion of the mixed gas, when passing through 15, is affected by the extremely low temperature, causing the water in the gas to condense into liquid water and drip into chamber 8. Another portion of the mixed gas enters chamber 9, where it undergoes condensation filtration through 9a and 9b to separate all the water from the gas. When the gas from the first filtration enters 10, it undergoes adsorption filtration through 14 to separate the solid impurities mixed in with the gas. Finally, the gas from the second filtration is discharged through 3. The liquid water condensed in 9 is guided into chamber 8 through 9c. When the water pressure in chamber 8 reaches a certain level, 17 will automatically open, and the liquid water will be discharged through 6. Solid impurities are adsorbed on 4. 13 is started by the fixed start time set by 18 to scrape off the solid impurities. When the pressure on 15b reaches a certain value, 12 starts to push the solid impurities to the side of 16. When the gravity on 16 reaches a certain value, it will automatically open, and the solid impurities will be discharged through 5.

[0053] Dehydration mechanism: Through a graded structure of "elliptical condenser (point-type rapid condensation) + honeycomb condenser plate (surface-type deep condensation)," the contact area between gas and condensation surface is increased, improving water separation efficiency; at the same time, the drainage pipe is used to realize centralized recovery of condensate, avoiding water residue; Filter cake and waste discharge mechanism: The filter cake plate uses activated carbon composite filter material, which has both filtration and adsorption functions and can intercept solid impurities with a particle size ≥5μm; the intelligent scraper cleans the impurities adhering to the surface of the filter cake plate at regular intervals to avoid clogging of the filter holes; the sludge pusher is linked with the gravity sensor switch to realize the automatic closed loop of impurity "accumulation-pushing-discharge". Intelligent control mechanism: The multi-functional data integration terminal constructs a "monitoring-control-execution" link through a data transmitter, which can not only realize the automatic triggering of the waste discharge process, but also accurately adjust key parameters such as condensation temperature and slag scraping interval through parameter feedback, so as to ensure the stable operation of the separation system.

[0054] The separation equipment used in this embodiment has a horizontal cylindrical structure with a diameter of 600 mm and a total length of 2400 mm. The drainage chamber contains one set of elliptical condensers with a surface temperature of -5℃ to 0℃; the condensation chamber contains two layers of honeycomb-shaped condensation filter plates with an equivalent diameter of 3 mm; the filter cake chamber contains one set of activated carbon composite filter media plates with a pore size of 50 μm to 100 μm. Test conditions: gas flow rate 15~20 m³ / h. 3 / min, inlet air temperature 25~35℃, relative humidity ≥95%, free water content 8~12g / m 3Solid impurity concentration 5~8 g / m 3 .

[0055] Moisture separation rate was determined by gravimetric method, solid impurity removal rate was determined by filtration weighing method, system pressure loss was measured by differential pressure transmitter, and slag residue rate was calculated by weighing method. The test results after 30 days of continuous operation showed that: moisture separation rate ≥99%, solid impurity removal rate ≥98%, system pressure loss ≤500Pa, continuous operation time ≥720 hours, effective filtration cycle of filter cake plate ≥90 days (estimated based on differential pressure method), slag residue rate ≤5%, no manual slag cleaning required throughout the process, and a clear water film with dust collection effect was visible on the inner wall of the honeycomb channels. The above data are summarized in the first column of Table 1.

[0056] Existing technology and equipment To further highlight the overall performance advantages of this invention, the most widely used traditional equipment combination in underground coal mines is selected as the existing technology equipment. This scheme consists of a single-stage flat-plate condenser connected in series with a fixed stainless steel filter screen. It lacks a staged condensation design, and the condensation temperature relies on manual adjustment of the cooling water flow rate. Drainage and slag removal are both manually operated based on periodic inspections and visual assessments, without an integrated monitoring terminal. This scheme represents the actual operating conditions of most coal mines without dedicated separation equipment. Its performance data comes from statistical averages reported in publicly available literature and actual operating parameters of commercially available products, as shown in Table 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 1 (Elliptic condenser removed) The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the elliptical condenser in the drainage chamber is removed, while all other structures (honeycomb condenser plate, filter plate, scraper, pusher, sensor switch, and control terminal) are retained. The gas mixture enters the drainage chamber directly through the gas inlet and then enters the condensation chamber without any condensation treatment; the honeycomb condenser plate undertakes all the condensation and dehydration tasks.

[0058] Analysis and verification showed that after the elliptical condenser was removed, a large amount of liquid free water directly impacted the honeycomb condenser plate without pre-separation, forming "liquid bridges" in the honeycomb microporous channels and causing flooding. The airflow channels were instantly blocked, and the system pressure loss increased sharply from ≤500Pa in Example 1 to ≥1500Pa. The continuous operation time was shortened from ≥720 hours in Example 1 to less than 8 hours, and the water separation rate decreased from ≥99% to ≤70%.

[0059] Comparative Example 2 (The elliptical condenser is replaced with a circular tube) The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the elliptical condenser in the drainage chamber is replaced with a regular circular tube condenser with the same windward area (projected area), while all other structures remain unchanged. The circular tube is arranged along the gas flow direction, and the surface temperature is also controlled at -5℃ to 0℃.

[0060] Analysis and verification showed that the condenser in the circular tube generated a Karman vortex street in the high-speed airflow, and the airflow formed periodic vortices on the back of the circular tube, causing significant negative pressure loss in the extraction (the system pressure loss increased from ≤500Pa in Example 1 to ≥800Pa). The water film condensed on the surface of the circular tube could not quickly converge and drip due to the isotropic curved surface, and a large number of water droplets were suspended at the bottom of the circular tube. Some water droplets were entrained into the downstream by the high-speed airflow, and the water separation rate decreased from ≥99% in Example 1 to ≤85%. Moreover, the increased pressure loss led to a decrease in extraction efficiency.

[0061] Comparative Example 3 (the honeycomb condenser plate was replaced with a flat plate) The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the honeycomb condenser filter plate in the condensation chamber is replaced with a flat plate condenser plate of the same total area, while all other structures remain unchanged.

[0062] Analysis and verification revealed that a stable thermal boundary layer is formed when the airflow passes over the flat plate surface. This boundary layer thickens with the flow, acting like a "heat insulation pad" to prevent the internal gas from contacting the cold wall surface. This causes the heat transfer coefficient to decrease sharply with the flow, resulting in a significant reduction in the deep condensation effect and a decrease in the moisture separation rate from ≥99% in Example 1 to ≤88%. The flat plate structure cannot force the airflow to be rectified, leading to uneven distribution of airflow velocity entering the filter cake cavity. This results in local overload of the filter cake plate, and the solid impurity removal rate decreases from ≥98% in Example 1 to ≤85%. At the same time, a uniform flowing water film cannot be formed on the flat plate surface, and the inherent "water washing coal" wet dust removal effect of the honeycomb plate in Example 1 is not present. Fine dust penetrates directly into the filter cake cavity, increasing the burden on the filter cake plate and reducing the effective filtration cycle of the filter cake plate from ≥90 days in Example 1 to ≤30 days.

[0063] Comparative Example 4 (slag scraper only, slag pusher removed) The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the intelligent moving slag pusher at the bottom of the filter cake chamber is removed, and only the intelligent upper and lower slag scrapers are retained, while all other structures remain unchanged. The scraped-off solid impurities naturally accumulate at the bottom of the filter cake chamber by gravity, without active pushing and discharging.

[0064] It was confirmed that in Comparative Example 4, after the scraper removed impurities from the surface of the filter plate, the impurities accumulated at the bottom of the filter chamber. Under the influence of negative pressure during extraction and airflow disturbance, the accumulated sludge at the bottom was re-raised and re-adhered to the back of the filter plate, forming a secondary pollution cycle of "scraping off → re-adsorption," significantly reducing the effectiveness of a single scraping operation. The sludge continuously accumulated at the bottom of the chamber, reducing the effective volume and ultimately causing blockage of the airflow channel. Although the instantaneous moisture separation rate of the condensation chamber in this comparative example could still reach ≥98% (because the absence of the sludge pusher did not affect the dehydration function of the condensation chamber itself), as the blockage of the filter chamber worsened, the system pressure loss continuously increased from ≤500Pa in Example 1, eventually triggering a false alarm from the water pressure sensor switch (due to the abnormal increase in water pressure in the drainage chamber caused by the increased downstream back pressure). The condensate in the condensation chamber could not be discharged normally through the drainage pipe, resulting in the condensation plate being submerged, and the entire system paralyzed within ≤72 hours. The slag residue rate increased from ≤5% in Example 1 to ≥40%, and the solid impurity removal rate decreased from ≥98% to ≤75%, requiring regular manual shutdown for cleaning.

[0065] Comparative Example 5 (only pusher, no scraper) The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the intelligent upper and lower scrapers on the inner wall of the filter cake chamber are removed, and only the intelligent moving scraper is retained, while all other structures remain unchanged. Solid impurities on the surface of the filter cake plate are naturally detached by airflow and gravity and pushed out by the bottom scraper.

[0066] Analysis and verification showed that in Comparative Example 5, under the negative pressure of extraction, coal slag and residual water vapor undergo a "bridging" agglomeration effect on the surface of the filter cake plate, forming a viscoelastic filter cake layer. This filter cake is firmly attached to the surface of the filter plate and the inner wall of the filter holes. The slag pusher can only push the loose slag that has fallen to the bottom of the cavity, and cannot peel off the filter cake layer that is attached to the surface of the filter plate. Although the instantaneous moisture separation rate of the condenser chamber in this comparative example can still reach ≥98% (because the absence of the scraper does not affect the dehydration function of the condenser chamber itself), as the filter cake layer continues to thicken, the effective filtration area continues to decrease, and the airflow cannot pass evenly through the filter cake plate, resulting in turbulent flow field inside the filter cake chamber. Some dust-laden gas short-circuits into the exhaust chamber from the edge of the filter cake plate without effective filtration, and the solid impurity removal rate drops from ≥98% in Example 1 to ≤70%. At the same time, the airflow pulsation caused by the turbulent flow field is transmitted back to the condenser chamber, destroying the rectification effect of the honeycomb plate outlet, and causing the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser chamber to decrease slightly (the moisture separation rate drops from ≥99% to ≥98%). The residual slag rate increases from ≤5% in Example 1 to ≥60%, the continuous operating time decreases from ≥720 hours to ≤48 hours, and the effective filtration cycle decreases from ≥90 days to ≤10 days, requiring frequent manual removal of the filter cake.

[0067] The performance comparison results of Example 1 and each comparative example are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1 - Performance Comparison of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0069] As can be seen from the table above, Embodiment 1 of the present invention is significantly superior to each comparative example in all key performance indicators.

[0070] Comparative Examples 1-3 primarily focus on the condensation system. Comparative Example 1 demonstrates the crucial role of the elliptical condenser's "pre-defree water removal" in protecting the downstream honeycomb panel and preventing flooding—its removal resulted in a sharp increase in system pressure loss and a reduction in continuous operating time from ≥720 hours in Example 1 to less than 8 hours. Comparative Example 2 demonstrates the hydrodynamic advantages of the elliptical streamlined structure over circular tubes in terms of drag reduction and drainage, with system pressure loss increasing from ≤500Pa to ≥800Pa. Comparative Example 3 demonstrates the irreplaceable role of the honeycomb structure in "cutting the thermal boundary layer to enhance heat transfer" and its "wet dust removal" effect, with the solid impurity removal rate decreasing from ≥98% to ≤85% and the effective filtration cycle of the filter cake plate decreasing from ≥90 days to ≤30 days.

[0071] The comparison of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 is particularly significant. It is worth emphasizing that although the instantaneous moisture separation rate of the condenser chamber in Comparative Example 4 (scraping only, no slag pusher) and Comparative Example 5 (slag pusher only, no scraping) can still reach ≥98% (because the absence of the scraper or pusher does not directly affect the dehydration function of the condenser chamber itself), this precisely reveals the hidden nature and harmfulness of the failure of the waste discharge system. Its destructive effect is not immediately apparent, but is gradually transmitted through a "cascade failure" path: In Comparative Example 4, the absence of the pusher causes the scraped slag to accumulate continuously at the bottom of the chamber, forming a secondary pollution cycle of "scraping → re-adsorption" under the disturbance of airflow. The solid impurity removal rate drops from ≥98% in Example 1 to ≤75%, and the slag residue rate rises to ≥40%. As the slag continues to accumulate, the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow channel decreases, the downstream back pressure increases and is transmitted in reverse to the drainage chamber, interfering with the normal drainage of the drain pipe, resulting in the inability to discharge condensate in time, the condenser plate being submerged, and ultimately the system completely paralyzed within ≤72 hours. In Comparative Example 5, the absence of a scraper caused a firm viscoelastic filter cake layer to form on the surface of the filter cake plate. The sludge pusher could only remove the loose sludge at the bottom and could not peel off the filter cake. The effective filtration area continued to decrease, the solid impurity removal rate dropped to ≤70%, and the residual sludge discharge rate increased to ≥60%. More seriously, the local blockage of the filter cake plate caused turbulence in the flow field inside the filter cake cavity. The airflow pulsation was transmitted in reverse to the outlet of the condensing cavity, which destroyed the rectification effect of the honeycomb plate. As a result, the heat exchange efficiency of the condensing cavity decreased slightly (the moisture separation rate dropped from ≥99% to ≥98%), and the continuous operation time dropped from ≥720 hours to ≤48 hours.

[0072] The results of Comparative Examples 4-5 collectively demonstrate that the technical value of the "vertical stripping + horizontal cleaning" two-dimensional synergistic waste removal system composed of the scraper and pusher is not only reflected in the waste removal process itself—the absence of either would drastically reduce the solid impurity removal rate from ≥98% to ≤75% or ≤70%, and increase the slag residue rate from ≤5% to ≥40% or ≥60%—but also in ensuring that the condensation chamber and filter chamber maintain the high separation efficiency described in the manual for a long period of time, avoiding the collapse of the cascade system caused by waste removal failure. Although the instantaneous moisture separation rate of Comparative Examples 4-5 is not inferior to that of Example 1, their continuous operating time (≤72 hours and ≤48 hours) is much shorter than that of Example 1 (≥720 hours), which precisely proves the core logic that "waste removal capacity determines the reliability of the system throughout its entire life cycle." That is, the waste removal system is a necessary supporting condition for the front-end condensation system to continuously achieve high separation efficiency, and there is a clear process dependency and cascade failure relationship between the two, rather than independent functions or simple superposition.

[0073] Furthermore, based on the teachings of the prior art, those skilled in the art could not reasonably anticipate that combining the elliptical condenser with the honeycomb condenser plate would spontaneously form a water film on the inner wall of the honeycomb channels, achieving a wet dust removal effect of "washing coal with water"; nor could they anticipate that the synergy between the scraper and the pusher would produce a "1+1>2" effect in waste discharge efficiency—the solid impurity removal rate drops significantly from 98% to 75% or 70% when either is absent, while the slag residue rate increases from 5% to 40% or 60%. These technical effects exceed the reasonable expectations of those skilled in the art, constituting unexpected technical effects and further demonstrating the inventiveness of this invention.

[0074] In summary, the present invention has at least the following advantages: High separation efficiency: The staged condensation design enables a water separation rate of ≥99%, and the adsorption filter residue enables a solid impurity removal rate of ≥98%, which is far higher than existing equipment (water separation rate ≤85%, filter residue rate ≤90%), significantly improving gas purity. High degree of automation: It realizes full automation of drainage, slag scraping, slag pushing and slag discharge, eliminating the need for manual on-site operation, reducing the safety risks of underground operations, and reducing downtime maintenance time (annual maintenance time reduced by more than 60%). High operational stability: Intelligent scraping and pushing work together to avoid filter clogging, and water pressure / gravity sensor switches precisely control the timing of waste discharge, effectively solving the frequent failure problem of "clogging-shutdown" in existing equipment; Precise monitoring and control: The integrated terminal collects multi-dimensional parameters in real time, supports abnormal alarms and remote parameter control, making it easy for managers to grasp the separation status and realize "preventive maintenance"; High degree of integration: It integrates dewatering, sludge filtration, waste discharge, and monitoring into a single device, reducing the size by 40% compared to traditional serial systems, and is suitable for installation in narrow underground spaces.

[0075] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow separation device for gas extraction boreholes, characterized in that, include: Multiple functional chambers are connected in series along the gas flow direction. Each chamber is sealed and separated from the others, but internally connected to form a gas channel. The multiple functional chambers include a drainage chamber, a condensation chamber, and a filter cake chamber connected in series. The drainage chamber is equipped with a condensation and dehumidification device, which is used to perform preliminary condensation and dehydration on the incoming gas mixture to remove most of the free water. The condensation chamber is equipped with a staged condensation and filtration assembly, which is used to perform deep condensation and dehydration on the gas that has undergone preliminary condensation and dehydration and has had most of the free water removed, so as to separate the remaining saturated water vapor. The filter cake chamber is equipped with a filter cake assembly and a waste discharge execution assembly. The filter cake assembly is used to trap solid impurities entrained in the gas, and the waste discharge execution assembly is used to discharge the trapped solid impurities from the filter cake chamber. The drainage chamber and / or the filter cake chamber are equipped with an automatic waste discharge control component, which is used to automatically trigger the waste discharge action according to the accumulation state of liquid water or solid impurities in the chamber. And a control terminal, used to receive and display separation process parameters, and output control signals according to preset conditions to regulate the action of the waste discharge execution component; The automatic waste discharge control component and the control terminal form a redundant waste discharge control link. The automatic waste discharge control component is used to independently trigger the waste discharge action when there is no intervention from the control terminal. The control terminal is used for remote control and abnormal early warning.

2. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensation dehumidification device is an elliptical condenser arranged in the drain cavity along the gas flow direction. The elliptical condenser has a streamlined windward surface, which is used to reduce airflow resistance and prevent the airflow from forming a vortex street on the back of the condenser. The surface temperature of the elliptical condenser is -5℃ to 0℃, which is used to condense free water in the mixed gas into liquid water droplets under the action of inertial collision and drip them to the bottom of the drainage cavity.

3. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded condensation filter assembly consists of multi-layer condensation filter plates arranged in parallel vertically within the condensation chamber. The plate body of the condensation filter plate has a honeycomb structure, and multiple honeycomb channels are formed inside the honeycomb structure that penetrate along the thickness direction of the plate body. The honeycomb channels are used to divide the airflow into multiple microchannels to break the thermal boundary layer of the airflow and thus enhance heat transfer. At the same time, the airflow is forced to be rectified so that the airflow velocity entering the downstream filter cake chamber is evenly distributed. Furthermore, the inner wall of the honeycomb channels forms a water film under the flushing of condensate to intercept fine dust entrained in the airflow.

4. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter cake assembly is a filter cake plate disposed in the filter cake chamber. The filter cake plate is made of activated carbon composite filter material with a pore size of 50μm~100μm, and is used to intercept solid impurities with a particle size ≥5μm.

5. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste discharge actuator includes a slag scraper and a slag pusher, wherein: The scraper is disposed on the inner wall of the filter chamber and can reciprocate, and is used to scrape off the solid impurities trapped on the surface of the filter assembly. The slag pusher is located at the bottom of the filter chamber and can reciprocate to push the scraped solid impurities to the slag discharge port.

6. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic waste discharge control component includes a water pressure sensor switch installed at the drain outlet and a gravity sensor switch installed at the slag discharge outlet. The control terminal is electrically connected to the waste discharge execution component and the automatic waste discharge control component through a data transmitter. The water pressure sensor switch is used to automatically open the drain outlet when the water pressure in the drain chamber reaches a first preset value; the gravity sensor switch is used to automatically open the slag discharge outlet when the gravity of solid impurities reaches a second preset value; and the control terminal is used to trigger the waste discharge execution component to start at a preset time interval and receive the status signal fed back by the automatic waste discharge control component.

7. A method for efficient solid-liquid-gas multiphase flow separation in a gas extraction borehole, characterized in that, The separation method is based on the separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the separation method includes: The gas mixture extracted from the borehole is sequentially introduced into a drainage chamber, a condensation chamber, and a filter cake chamber that are connected in series along the gas flow direction. In the drainage chamber, the gas mixture undergoes preliminary condensation and dehydration, causing most of the free water to condense into liquid water and be discharged. In the condensation chamber, the gas that has undergone preliminary condensation and dehydration is further condensed and dehydrated, so that the remaining saturated water vapor is condensed into liquid water and returned to the drainage chamber for centralized discharge; The dehydrated gas is adsorbed and filtered in the filter cake chamber to remove solid impurities entrained in the gas. When the accumulation of liquid water in the drainage chamber reaches the first preset condition, the drainage action is automatically triggered; when the accumulation of solid impurities in the filter cake chamber reaches the second preset condition, the slag discharge action is automatically triggered. Pure gas, after removing liquid water and solid impurities, is output to subsequent utilization systems.

8. The separation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preliminary condensation and dehydration process uses an elliptical condenser to condense the gas mixture. The surface temperature of the elliptical condenser is -5℃ to 0℃, which causes more than 80% of the free water in the gas mixture to condense and precipitate. The deep condensation dehydration uses a honeycomb condensation filter plate to perform staged condensation of gas. By dividing the airflow into multiple microchannels to destroy the thermal boundary layer, heat exchange is enhanced and the remaining moisture is completely separated. The adsorption filtration uses activated carbon composite filter material to trap solid impurities with a particle size ≥5μm.

9. The separation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The automatic triggering of the drainage action is as follows: when the water pressure in the drainage chamber reaches 0.2MPa, the water pressure sensor switch automatically opens the drainage outlet.

10. The separation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The automatic triggering of the slag discharge action includes: starting the slag scraper at preset time intervals to scrape the solid impurities trapped on the surface of the filter cake assembly to the bottom of the filter cake chamber; When the air pressure at the bottom of the filter cake chamber rises to 0.15MPa due to the accumulation of impurities, the ash pusher is activated to push the impurities to the ash discharge port. When the weight of impurities at the slag discharge port reaches 5kg, the gravity sensor switch automatically opens the slag discharge port.

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