A carbon dioxide transcritical refrigeration power generation device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of refrigeration technology, and more particularly to a carbon dioxide transcritical refrigeration power generation device, which comprises a terminal evaporator, a compressor, a cooling condensing unit and a throttling pressure reducing component, the outlet of the terminal evaporator is communicated with the air inlet of the compressor, the exhaust port of the compressor is communicated with the inlet of the cooling condensing unit, the liquid outlet of the cooling condensing unit is communicated with the inlet of the throttling pressure reducing component, and the outlet of the throttling pressure reducing component is communicated with the inlet of the terminal evaporator, thus forming a refrigeration cycle loop. The present application integrates the refrigeration cycle with the turbine power generation cycle, directly drives the turbine power generation by using the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium discharged by the compressor, converts the originally directly discarded low-grade waste heat into directly usable electric energy, and supplies the electric equipment of the refrigeration system itself. This mode can reduce the external electric energy consumption of the system to a certain extent, is helpful to optimizing the power utilization efficiency (PUE) index of the data center, and meets the development needs of energy saving and cost reduction of the data center.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of refrigeration technology, and more specifically, to a transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, China's digital economy industry has expanded rapidly, and the construction scale and computing load of data centers have continued to grow. The operating efficiency, energy saving level and working stability of cooling and heat dissipation systems have become one of the core factors determining the operating costs and overall benefits of data centers.

[0003] Currently, data centers generally use conventional vapor compression cooling architecture. The heat released by the electronic equipment in the racks is first collected by air-cooled or liquid-cooled terminal heat exchangers, then conducted to the outdoor cooling system through the cooling unit, and finally dissipated directly into the atmosphere through the cooling tower. This type of solution can only perform basic cooling functions, and a large amount of low-grade waste heat generated during operation is not effectively recovered and utilized, resulting in significant energy waste.

[0004] In this type of architecture, the power consumption of the cooling system accounts for a considerable proportion of the total energy consumption of the data center, making it difficult to further reduce the power usage efficiency (PUE) of the data center and continuously driving up the long-term operating electricity costs. Existing waste heat recovery technologies in the industry mostly involve adding an independent power generation circuit outside the original cooling system, using an intermediate heat exchanger to extract waste heat from the cooling cycle to drive the power generation device. This type of solution requires additional heat exchange equipment and connecting pipelines, which increases the structural complexity of the system and the initial construction cost, and also causes irreversible energy loss during the heat exchange process, ultimately resulting in a relatively limited improvement in the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0005] In addition, traditional refrigeration systems mostly use synthetic refrigerants such as Freon, which have a high greenhouse effect potential and pose certain carbon emission pressures during use and maintenance, making it difficult to match the construction requirements of zero-carbon parks and the industry's development direction of energy conservation and emission reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0007] A transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device includes a terminal evaporator, a compressor, a cooling and condensing unit, and a throttling and pressure-reducing component. The outlet of the terminal evaporator is connected to the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the cooling and condensing unit, the liquid outlet of the cooling and condensing unit is connected to the inlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component, and the outlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component is connected to the inlet of the terminal evaporator, thus forming a refrigeration cycle loop.

[0008] The compressor is a transcritical carbon dioxide compressor, and a carbon dioxide turbine generator set is connected in series in the refrigeration cycle circuit. The exhaust port of the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor is directly connected to the intake side of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set, and the exhaust outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set is connected to the inlet of the cooling and condensing unit. The power output terminal of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set is connected to the power supply circuit of the refrigeration system to supplement the power supply to the electrical equipment of the refrigeration system.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide turbine generator set is a centripetal turbine generator set, including a fixed nozzle, a turbine rotor with a row of blades and a generator; transcritical carbon dioxide vapor is accelerated by the fixed nozzle and injected into the turbine blades, which drives the turbine rotor to rotate and drives the generator to output electrical energy.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling and condensing unit is a gas cooler or a condenser, and the exhaust steam outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set is directly connected to the inlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the throttling and pressure-reducing component is a throttling valve or a high-pressure pump. The throttling and pressure-reducing component is used to throttle and reduce the pressure of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture before it is fed into the terminal evaporator.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the terminal evaporator is a liquid-cooled evaporator. The terminal evaporator is used to absorb the heat dissipation of the object to be cooled, so that the liquid carbon dioxide evaporates into a gaseous state, thereby achieving refrigeration and cooling.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid of the refrigeration cycle loop is carbon dioxide.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high-pressure liquid storage tank is also provided in the refrigeration cycle loop. The high-pressure liquid storage tank is connected between the liquid outlet of the cooling and condensing unit and the inlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component. The high-pressure liquid storage tank is used to store high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide working fluid and stabilize the loop pressure.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a waste heat collection heat exchanger is connected in series between the exhaust port of the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor and the intake side of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set. The waste heat collection heat exchanger is used to absorb external waste heat to further heat the transcritical carbon dioxide working fluid.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid output by the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor is high-temperature and high-pressure superheated carbon dioxide steam in a transcritical state, and the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated carbon dioxide steam in a transcritical state is directly used as the working fluid for the carbon dioxide turbine generator set.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. This invention integrates a refrigeration cycle with a turbine power generation cycle, utilizing the high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid discharged from the compressor to directly drive the turbine for power generation. This converts the previously discarded low-grade waste heat into directly usable electrical energy, which is then supplied back to the electrical equipment within the refrigeration system itself. This method can reduce the system's external power consumption to a certain extent, helping to optimize the power usage efficiency (PUE) of the data center and aligning with the development needs of energy conservation and cost reduction in data centers.

[0019] 2. The present invention adopts a structure in which the compressor exhaust port is directly connected to the intake side of the turbine generator set. The refrigeration circuit and the power generation circuit share the same working fluid system, eliminating the intermediate heat exchange equipment and heat exchange process between the two circuits, and reducing the energy loss and irreversible loss caused by the heat exchange temperature difference.

[0020] 3. This invention uses carbon dioxide as the circulating working fluid throughout the entire process and does not use fluorinated refrigerants, which can reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions related to the refrigeration system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the general architecture of the data center liquid cooling system in Example 1.

[0023] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0024] 110. Terminal evaporator; 120. Compressor; 130. Cooling and condensing unit; 140. Throttling and pressure-reducing component; 150. Carbon dioxide turbine generator set; 160. High-pressure liquid storage tank; 170. Waste heat collection heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

[0026] Example 1, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device, which is mainly used in scenarios such as data center refrigeration where there is a need for waste heat recovery.

[0027] Figure 2This diagram illustrates the general architecture of existing data center liquid cooling systems. The architecture is divided into two parts: a primary-side outdoor cold source and a secondary-side indoor terminal, including core components such as liquid-cooled cabinets, CDU distribution units, and cooling towers. During operation, the heat generated by the servers inside the cabinets is first absorbed by the secondary-side circulating coolant. The high-temperature coolant then exchanges heat through the CDU distribution unit, transferring the heat to the primary-side circulating coolant. Finally, the heat-laden primary-side coolant is transported to the outdoor cooling tower, where it exchanges heat with the air to directly release the waste heat into the atmosphere. This type of architecture only achieves a single cooling function, and a large amount of waste heat generated during cabinet operation is not recovered and utilized, leaving room for improvement in overall energy efficiency. The device in this embodiment optimizes the aforementioned shortcomings of the existing architecture by integrating the cooling cycle with the waste heat power generation cycle. This ensures cooling performance while recovering waste heat resources, improving the overall system energy efficiency.

[0028] This device mainly includes a terminal evaporator 110, a compressor 120, a cooling and condensing unit 130, and a throttling and pressure-reducing component 140. The outlet of the terminal evaporator 110 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 120 via a pipeline, the exhaust port of the compressor 120 is connected to the inlet of the cooling and condensing unit 130 via a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the cooling and condensing unit 130 is connected to the inlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component 140 via a pipeline, and the outlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component 140 is connected to the inlet of the terminal evaporator 110 via a pipeline. The above components are connected in sequence to form a basic refrigeration cycle loop.

[0029] In this embodiment, the compressor 120 is specifically a transcritical carbon dioxide compressor, and a carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150 is connected in series in the refrigeration cycle circuit. The exhaust port of the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor is directly connected to the intake side of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150, and the exhaust outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150 is connected to the inlet of the cooling and condensing unit 130. The power output terminal of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150 is connected to the power supply circuit of the refrigeration system to supplement the power supply to the electrical equipment of the refrigeration system.

[0030] The CO2 turbine generator set 150 adopts a centripetal turbine generator set, which internally includes a fixed nozzle, a turbine rotor with a row of blades, and a generator. Transcritical carbon dioxide vapor is accelerated through the fixed nozzle and injected onto the blades of the turbine rotor, driving the turbine rotor to rotate, and then driving the generator to output electrical energy through a coaxial connection.

[0031] The cooling and condensing unit 130 can be either a gas cooler or a condenser, which can be adapted to different operating conditions of transcritical cooling and subcritical condensation respectively. When the operating conditions meet the refrigeration requirements and no additional cooling and condensing link is needed, the cooling and condensing unit 130 can also be omitted. In this case, the exhaust steam outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150 is directly connected to the inlet of the throttling and pressure reducing component 140, further simplifying the system structure.

[0032] The throttling and pressure-reducing component 140 can be a throttling valve or a high-pressure pump. The throttling and pressure-reducing component 140 is used to throttle and reduce the pressure of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture before it is fed into the terminal evaporator 110, providing a working fluid in the corresponding state for the subsequent evaporation and refrigeration process.

[0033] The terminal evaporator 110 is a liquid-cooled evaporator. The terminal evaporator 110 is used to absorb the heat dissipation of the object to be cooled, so that the liquid carbon dioxide flowing through it is heated and evaporated into gas. Through the process of absorbing latent heat by the phase change of the working fluid, the object to be cooled is cooled down.

[0034] The working fluid in the refrigeration cycle of this device is carbon dioxide. The entire refrigeration and power generation cycle is completed with a single working fluid, eliminating the need for heat exchange circuits with multiple working fluids.

[0035] A high-pressure liquid storage tank 160 is also provided on the refrigeration cycle loop. The high-pressure liquid storage tank 160 is connected between the liquid outlet of the cooling and condensing unit 130 and the inlet of the throttling and pressure reducing component 140. The high-pressure liquid storage tank 160 is used to store high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide working fluid and stabilize the loop pressure. When the system load fluctuates, it buffers the change in working fluid flow and improves the stability of system operation.

[0036] A waste heat collection heat exchanger 170 is connected in series between the exhaust port of the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor and the intake side of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150. The waste heat collection heat exchanger 170 is used to absorb external waste heat to further heat the transcritical carbon dioxide working fluid, increase the enthalpy value of the working fluid at the turbine inlet, and optimize the turbine power generation effect. This structure is suitable for application scenarios with additional waste heat resources.

[0037] The working fluid output by the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor is high-temperature and high-pressure superheated carbon dioxide steam in a transcritical state. This high-temperature and high-pressure superheated carbon dioxide steam in a transcritical state is directly used as the working fluid for the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150, without the need for additional intermediate heat exchange links, thus reducing energy loss in the heat exchange process.

[0038] This device uses carbon dioxide as the circulating working fluid and simultaneously completes the refrigeration and waste heat recovery power generation processes through a closed-loop cycle. The overall cycle consists of five stages: evaporative refrigeration, compression pressurization, turbine power generation, cooling and condensation, and throttling and pressure reduction. Each stage is sequentially connected to form a complete closed loop. The specific workflow is as follows:

[0039] Evaporative refrigeration stage:

[0040] A low-temperature, low-pressure carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture flows into the terminal evaporator 110, where it exchanges heat with the data center server rack awaiting cooling. The heat dissipated by the equipment being cooled is transferred to the working fluid through the heat exchange walls, causing the liquid carbon dioxide in the working fluid to evaporate and gradually transform into low-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide. During this process, the working fluid absorbs a large amount of latent heat through phase change, sustainably and stably removing the heat generated by the equipment being cooled, thus achieving a cooling effect and ensuring that the equipment operates within a suitable temperature range.

[0041] Compression and boost stage:

[0042] Low-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide flowing from the terminal evaporator 110 enters the compressor 120 via a delivery pipeline, where the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor compresses the low-pressure gaseous working fluid to perform work. During the compression process, externally input electrical energy is converted into the internal energy of the working fluid, causing a significant increase in the pressure and temperature of the low-pressure carbon dioxide vapor, ultimately transforming it into high-temperature, high-pressure superheated carbon dioxide vapor in a transcritical state. At this point, the pressure and temperature of the working fluid exceed the critical parameters of carbon dioxide, resulting in a higher working fluid density and improved energy quality, thus possessing the potential to drive the turbine to perform work.

[0043] In application scenarios where external waste heat resources exist, the compressed transcritical carbon dioxide working fluid can first be introduced into the waste heat collection heat exchanger 170 to exchange heat with external waste heat sources such as industrial waste heat and environmental waste heat, absorbing external waste heat to further increase the temperature and enthalpy of the working fluid, and then sent to the turbine power generation stage; this method can expand the sources of waste heat recovery and increase the total amount of energy recovered and power generation efficiency.

[0044] Turbine power generation stage:

[0045] High-temperature, high-pressure transcritical carbon dioxide vapor is directly introduced into the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150 through a pipeline. The refrigeration circuit and the power generation circuit share the same working fluid flow path, eliminating the need for additional intermediate heat exchange equipment. After entering the generator set, the working fluid first flows through a fixed nozzle inside. Within the constriction channel of the nozzle, it expands and depressurizes, gradually converting the pressure potential energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, resulting in a significant increase in flow velocity and the formation of a high-speed jet of air. This high-speed airflow is then injected into the blade row of the turbine rotor along a predetermined direction, generating an impact force on the blades and driving the turbine rotor to rotate at high speed. This process converts the pressure energy and thermal energy carried by the working fluid into the mechanical energy of the rotor's rotation.

[0046] The turbine rotor and generator are coaxially connected via a shaft. When the turbine rotor rotates, it drives the generator rotor to rotate synchronously. Through electromagnetic induction, the mechanical energy of the rotor is converted into electrical energy, completing the energy conversion from heat energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy output from the CO2 turbine generator set 150 is connected to the power supply circuit of the refrigeration system, which can supplement the power supply to the electrical equipment in the refrigeration system, such as the compressor 120, reducing the total amount of electrical energy obtained by the system from the external power grid, thereby reducing the overall operating energy consumption of the system.

[0047] Cooling and condensation stage:

[0048] After completing its work, the pressure and temperature of the working fluid decrease. The low-pressure carbon dioxide exhaust gas discharged from the carbon dioxide turbine generator set 150 enters the cooling and condensing unit 130. Inside the cooling and condensing unit 130, the working fluid exchanges heat with the external environment through air cooling or water cooling, releasing its remaining heat to the external environment. After the cooling process, the temperature of the working fluid further decreases, transforming into a high-pressure liquid state. Under transcritical operating conditions, the working fluid is in a cooled supercritical fluid state, while under subcritical operating conditions, the working fluid is in a condensed liquid carbon dioxide state.

[0049] In scenarios where operating conditions permit and no additional condensation cooling is required, the cooling and condensation unit 130 can be omitted, and the exhaust steam discharged from the turbine can be directly sent to the subsequent throttling and depressurization stage, further simplifying the system's equipment configuration and pipeline structure, and reducing construction and operation and maintenance costs.

[0050] After cooling and condensation, the high-pressure liquid working fluid can be temporarily stored in the high-pressure storage tank 160. The high-pressure storage tank 160 can flexibly adjust the flow rate of the circulating working fluid in the circuit according to the changes in the system operating load, buffer the pressure fluctuations in the pipeline, avoid the impact of sudden load changes on the system's operational stability, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0051] Throttling and blood pressure reduction stage:

[0052] After flowing out of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 160, it enters the throttling and pressure-reducing component 140. Through the throttling action of the throttling valve or the pressure reduction regulation of the high-pressure pump, the pressure of the working fluid drops rapidly, and the corresponding saturation temperature also decreases. Part of the working fluid flashes into gas, eventually transforming into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture. At this time, the temperature of the working fluid drops to the low-temperature range required for evaporative refrigeration, and it regains its evaporative heat absorption refrigeration capacity.

[0053] After the throttling and pressure reduction, the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid is sent back to the terminal evaporator 110 through the delivery pipeline to enter the next cycle. This cycle is repeated, and the device can continuously and stably output a cooling effect while simultaneously recovering waste heat to generate electricity, forming a closed-loop system that integrates cooling and electricity.

[0054] The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device in this embodiment achieves the following beneficial effects through the above-described scheme:

[0055] 1. Addressing the issues of existing data center cooling systems where waste heat from server racks is directly discharged into the atmosphere via cooling towers, resulting in ineffective utilization of waste heat resources and low overall energy efficiency, this embodiment proposes a transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration and power generation device that integrates the refrigeration cycle with the turbine power generation cycle. It utilizes the high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid discharged from the compressor to directly drive the turbine, converting the previously discarded low-grade waste heat into directly usable electrical energy, which is then supplied back to the cooling system's own electrical equipment. This approach can reduce the system's external power consumption to a certain extent, decrease electricity costs in the data center cooling process, and help optimize the data center's Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) index, aligning with the development needs of data center energy conservation and cost reduction.

[0056] 2. Addressing the issues of existing independent waste heat recovery schemes requiring an intermediate heat exchanger between the refrigeration and power generation circuits, resulting in irreversible energy loss and limited overall energy efficiency improvement, this embodiment of the transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration and power generation unit adopts a structure where the compressor exhaust port is directly connected to the turbine generator's intake side. The refrigeration and power generation circuits share the same working fluid system, eliminating the intermediate heat exchange equipment and process between the two circuits, thus reducing energy loss and irreversible losses due to temperature differences. Simultaneously, this direct-connection integrated structure simplifies the system's piping layout and equipment configuration, reduces the procurement and installation costs of additional heat exchange equipment, and lowers subsequent operation and maintenance difficulties and costs, contributing to improved overall system energy efficiency and economy.

[0057] 3. In this embodiment, the transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device uses carbon dioxide as the circulating working fluid throughout the entire process, without using any fluorinated refrigerants, which can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the refrigeration system. As a natural working fluid, carbon dioxide has the characteristics of good environmental protection, stable physicochemical properties, wide availability, and low cost. It has no ozone layer depletion potential, and its greenhouse effect impact is far lower than that of traditional fluorocarbon refrigerants. It is more suitable for the construction direction of zero-carbon parks and the industry development trend of energy conservation and emission reduction, and also meets the requirements of relevant environmental protection policies.

[0058] 4. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration and power generation device in this embodiment can flexibly adjust its component configuration according to actual operating conditions and application scenarios: the cooling and condensing unit can be selected as a gas cooler or condenser based on the system operating pressure and temperature conditions; this unit can also be omitted when the operating conditions are suitable, simplifying the system structure; depending on whether there are external waste heat resources in the application scenario, a waste heat collection heat exchanger can be added or removed to expand the applicable scope and recovery capacity of waste heat recovery. The diverse configuration options enable the device to adapt to refrigeration and waste heat recovery scenarios of different scales, loads, and waste heat conditions, possessing strong scenario adaptability and application flexibility.

[0059] 5. In this embodiment, the transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration and power generation device is equipped with a high-pressure liquid storage tank 160 in the refrigeration cycle loop, which can temporarily store high-pressure liquid working fluid. When the system load changes, the storage and release of working fluid in the storage tank can buffer and regulate the working fluid flow and pipeline pressure in the loop, reduce the impact of sudden load changes on the system's operational stability, ensure the stability of refrigeration output and power generation output, and improve the overall reliability and continuous operation capability of the system.

[0060] In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device, characterized in that: It includes a terminal evaporator (110), a compressor (120), a cooling and condensing unit (130), and a throttling and pressure-reducing component (140). The outlet of the terminal evaporator (110) is connected to the air inlet of the compressor (120), the exhaust port of the compressor (120) is connected to the inlet of the cooling and condensing unit (130), the liquid outlet of the cooling and condensing unit (130) is connected to the inlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component (140), and the outlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component (140) is connected to the inlet of the terminal evaporator (110), thus forming a refrigeration cycle loop. The compressor (120) is a transcritical carbon dioxide compressor, and a carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150) is connected in series in the refrigeration cycle circuit. The exhaust port of the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor is directly connected to the intake side of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150), and the exhaust outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150) is connected to the inlet of the cooling and condensing unit (130). The power output terminal of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150) is connected to the power supply circuit of the refrigeration system to supplement the power supply to the electrical equipment of the refrigeration system.

2. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150) is a centripetal turbine generator set, including a fixed nozzle, a turbine rotor with a row of blades and a generator; transcritical carbon dioxide vapor is accelerated through the fixed nozzle and injected into the turbine blades, which drives the turbine rotor to rotate and drives the generator to output electrical energy.

3. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and condensing unit (130) is a gas cooler or condenser, and the exhaust steam outlet of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150) is directly connected to the inlet of the throttling and pressure-reducing component (140).

4. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The throttling and pressure-reducing component (140) is a throttling valve or a high-pressure pump. The throttling and pressure-reducing component (140) is used to throttle and reduce the pressure of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture before it is fed into the terminal evaporator (110).

5. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal evaporator (110) is a liquid-cooled evaporator. The terminal evaporator (110) is used to absorb the heat dissipation of the object to be cooled, so that the liquid carbon dioxide evaporates into gas, and at the same time achieves refrigeration and cooling.

6. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working fluid in the refrigeration cycle loop is carbon dioxide.

7. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-pressure liquid storage tank (160) is also provided on the refrigeration cycle loop. The high-pressure liquid storage tank (160) is connected between the liquid outlet of the cooling and condensing unit (130) and the inlet of the throttling and pressure reducing component (140). The high-pressure liquid storage tank (160) is used to store high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide working fluid and stabilize the loop pressure.

8. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A waste heat collection heat exchanger (170) is connected in series between the exhaust port of the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor and the intake side of the carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150). The waste heat collection heat exchanger (170) is used to absorb external waste heat to further heat the transcritical carbon dioxide working fluid.

9. The transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working fluid output by the transcritical carbon dioxide compressor is high-temperature and high-pressure superheated carbon dioxide steam in a transcritical state, which is directly used as the working fluid for the carbon dioxide turbine generator set (150).

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