Power distribution equipment online monitoring device and fault early warning method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an online monitoring device based on power distribution equipment and a fault early warning method thereof and relates to the field of power distribution equipment fault early warning. The online monitoring device based on power distribution equipment and the fault early warning method thereof comprise a box body, a mounting seat is arranged on the inner wall of the box body, and a knocking unit is arranged between the relay and the mounting groove. The threshold value adjustment module is used for adaptively adjusting the threshold value on site to set, effectively overcoming the false alarm problem caused by the difference in different environmental background noises; the knocking unit and the sound detection unit are used for diagnosing the relay, early warning of different faults is realized, and the multimeter module is used for realizing the accurate distinction of different fault modes of the contact, the coil and the short-circuit ring; the channel number of the sound sensor, the positioning of the indicator light and the network connection module are matched to realize remote communication, and the fault troubleshooting time is greatly shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution equipment fault early warning technology, specifically to a power distribution equipment online monitoring device and its fault early warning method. Background Technology

[0002] Power distribution equipment refers to key power facilities in a power distribution network used to receive and distribute electrical energy, and to control, protect, and monitor the operation of circuits. It typically covers voltage levels of 20 kV and below and is a core component connecting high-voltage transmission networks and end users. Among these, circuit breakers, as crucial components ensuring the safe operation of the system, directly affect the stability and continuity of the power distribution system.

[0003] Currently, online monitoring devices for circuit breakers and their associated relays generally focus on the collection and analysis of conventional electrical parameters such as voltage and current. However, such monitoring methods have significant limitations when dealing with mechanical or structural faults within the relays (such as contact erosion, coil open circuits, and short-circuit ring fractures): on the one hand, changes in electrical parameters often lag behind the occurrence of actual physical damage; on the other hand, different fault modes may exhibit similar electrical characteristics, making it difficult for the system to accurately identify the specific fault type and issue timely and effective warnings in the early stages of a fault, thus missing the opportunity for intervention and easily leading to the expansion of the fault or even equipment damage.

[0004] Furthermore, some online monitoring solutions attempt to incorporate sound signals to assist in the diagnosis of relay operation status, judging their health condition by identifying abnormal noise. However, the alarm thresholds used in acoustic monitoring methods are usually set uniformly before the equipment leaves the factory, failing to fully consider the diversity of actual deployment environments of power distribution equipment. For example, in different application scenarios such as indoor substations and industrial workshops, background noise levels, spectral characteristics, and interference sources vary significantly. If fixed thresholds are still used for judgment, false alarms are easily triggered due to fluctuations in environmental noise, which not only reduces the reliability of the system but may also interfere with normal production scheduling and even lead to unnecessary downtime for maintenance.

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and a fault early warning method thereon to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and a fault early warning method thereof. This solves the problem that the alarm thresholds used in acoustic monitoring methods are usually set uniformly before the equipment leaves the factory, without fully considering the diversity of the actual deployment environment of the power distribution equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and a fault early warning method thereof, comprising: Box; The mounting base is provided on the inner wall of the housing; The relay is mounted on the mounting base; A striking unit is disposed between the relay and the mounting slot, so that the striking unit vibrates with the relay and strikes to produce sound. A sound detection unit is disposed inside the mounting base for monitoring the sound emitted by the sound striking unit; The controller is mounted on the enclosure and electrically connected to the sound detection unit; The threshold adjustment module, located within the controller, is used to adjust the fault judgment threshold of the relay on-site, so that the controller can determine whether the relay has failed based on the signal transmitted by the sound detection unit and the threshold value.

[0008] Preferably, the front of the enclosure is hinged with a door panel, the controller is located inside the door panel, and sound insulation rings are installed on the four sides of the door panel to fill the gap between the enclosure and the door panel.

[0009] Preferably, the relay terminals are provided with a receiving cavity, the inner wall of the receiving cavity is fixedly connected to a metal base plate, the clamping plate is inserted into the receiving cavity and placed on the metal base plate, the top of the receiving cavity is threadedly connected to a second threaded rod, and the end of the second threaded rod is rotatably connected to a pressure plate, so that the second threaded rod rotates and pushes the pressure plate downward.

[0010] Preferably, the card plate is disposed at the contact end of the relay, the card plate has a locking groove inside, the front end of the locking groove has a groove for inserting the sheath of the wire, a pressing plate is slidably connected inside the locking groove, a first threaded rod is rotatably connected to the center of the pressing plate, the surface of the first threaded rod is threadedly connected to the card plate, and a rotating cap is fixedly connected to one end of the first threaded rod that passes through the card plate.

[0011] Preferably, a display screen is fixedly connected to the front of the controller. The controller has a main control chip inside, which is electrically connected to a transistor, the display screen, and a sound detection unit. The controller also has a multimeter module inside, which is connected to the terminals of a relay via a wire. A transistor is connected in series with the circuit between the wire and the multimeter, allowing the controller to read the multimeter value indicating whether the relay contacts or coil are malfunctioning.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the mounting base is provided with a mounting groove, a relay is installed in the mounting groove, a number of indicator lights are fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting base, an indicator light is installed on one side of each mounting groove, and a number of monitoring cavities are opened inside the mounting base, and the sound detection unit is placed in the monitoring cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the sound striking unit includes a mounting plate installed at the bottom of the relay, an arc-shaped metal sheet installed on the mounting groove, a striking rod slidably installed on the mounting base, and a striking plate installed in the monitoring cavity. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the arc-shaped metal sheet, the bottom of the arc-shaped metal sheet is fixedly connected to the striking rod, and the other end of the striking rod is positioned above the striking plate.

[0014] Preferably, the sound detection unit includes a sound sensor and a bracket installed on the inner wall of the monitoring cavity. The bracket is positioned at the center of the two striking plates. The surface of the sound sensor is provided with a threaded section. The sound sensor is threadedly connected to the bracket, so that the sound sensor passes through the bracket and the striking plates on the same horizontal line. A sound insulation plate is installed inside the monitoring cavity, so that the sound sensor forms a monitoring channel for the plate.

[0015] Preferably, both the mounting groove and the mounting plate have through holes inside, and the two through holes are aligned and aligned with the sound sensor so that the sound sensor can directly detect the normal operation of the relay. A sound insulation plate is inserted into the inside of the mounting groove to seal the through holes on the mounting groove.

[0016] Preferably, the fault early warning method based on the online monitoring device for power distribution equipment includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the relay on the mounting plate in the mounting slot so that the sound sensor can monitor the sound emitted by the tapping plate, and number the sound sensor in each monitoring chamber on the main control chip. At the installation site, the fault alarm threshold is set via the threshold adjustment module. Total fault alarm threshold Background noise warning threshold ; Step 2: When the relay vibrates, it pushes the mounting plate to compress the arc-shaped metal plate. The arc-shaped metal plate then pushes the striking rod to vibrate and strike the striking plate. This causes the sound sensor to receive the sound emitted by the striking plate in a separate channel. Simultaneously, the sound signal is transmitted to the controller. The controller uses a sound recognition and positioning algorithm to map the time-domain sound signal to the frequency domain, extracts feature vectors, and calculates the total energy in the high-frequency range (Hz-Hz). , > This helps determine if there is a problem with the relay contacts; Step 3: Calculate the total energy in the Hz-Hz low-frequency band. and pure coil energy , ≫ ,and < When it is determined that the short-circuit loop is faulty, when > When a coil fault occurs, it is determined that a fault has occurred. Step 4: When the main control chip identifies the fault type as a coil fault, it sets the multimeter module to the voltage range and closes the transistor, allowing the multimeter module to detect the coil on the relay through the wire. The multimeter module displays a voltage across the two ends, indicating that the coil may be short-circuited. The voltage at both ends is normal, but the relay does not engage: This indicates that the coil is open-circuited (broken circuit). If the voltage is much lower than the rated voltage, it indicates a problem with the drive circuit or poor wiring contact. Then the main control chip combines the problem with the coil and the current sound sensor channel number to output the final diagnostic result, which is displayed on the screen and sent a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. Step 5: When the main control chip identifies a contact fault, it sets the multimeter module to the voltage range and closes the transistor, allowing the multimeter module to detect the contacts on the relay via wires. When the multimeter module displays a voltage close to 0V at both ends, it indicates normal operation. The main control chip performs three remeasurements. When the voltage at both ends is again close to 0V, the main control chip combines the current sound sensor channel number with the output of the final diagnostic result. Sound monitoring indicates a contact failure. If the multimeter module detects a normal contact, it will be displayed on the screen and a fault alarm signal will be sent to the remote monitoring terminal via the network terminal. Please have the staff conduct a detailed inspection. If there is a voltage of several volts or even tens of volts, it indicates that the contact is extremely poor and that the contact is faulty. The main control chip will combine the contact fault and the current sound sensor channel number to output the final diagnostic result, display it on the screen, and send a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. Step Six: The main control chip combines the fault in the short-circuit loop with the current sound sensor channel number, outputs the final diagnostic result, displays it on the screen, and sends a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal via the network terminal. The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and its fault early warning method effectively overcomes the false alarm problem caused by differences in background noise in different environments by using a threshold adjustment module to adaptively adjust the threshold on-site. It uses a tapping unit and a sound detection unit to diagnose relays and achieve early fault warning. It also uses the channel number of the sound sensor and indicator lights to locate the position of the relay and realizes remote communication through a network connection module, thus achieving early warning of faults in the relay contacts, coils, and short-circuit loops.

[0017] This online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and its fault early warning method, through a multimeter module, can accurately distinguish contacts, coils, and different fault modes, and locate the relay position by using the channel number of the sound sensor and indicator lights. It also enables remote communication through a network connection module, which greatly shortens the fault diagnosis time and provides technical support for predictive maintenance and high-reliability operation of power distribution equipment.

[0018] This online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and its fault early warning method achieves rapid connection of the wires by installing the wires inside a card plate, inserting the card plate into a relay, and then pushing the pressure plate through the second threaded rod of the relay to lock the card plate and the relay together. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the relay terminal of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting base of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting base of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Door panel; 3. Mounting base; 31. Mounting groove; 32. Monitoring chamber; 33. Mounting plate; 34. Curved metal sheet; 35. Striking rod; 36. Striking plate; 37. Through hole; 38. Sound insulation plate; 4. Relay; 5. Sound sensor; 6. Card plate; 7. Metal base plate; 8. Wire; 9. Extrusion plate; 10. First threaded rod; 11. Rotating cap; 12. Pressure plate; 13. Second threaded rod; 14. Controller; 141. Display screen. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] This embodiment discloses an online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and a fault early warning method thereof, according to the appendix. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 9 As shown, the enclosure includes a box 1, a door panel 2 is hinged to the front of the box 1, and sound insulation rings are fixedly installed on the four sides of the inner side of the door panel 2 so that the sound insulation rings fill the gap between the box 1 and the door panel 2 to prevent external sound from being transmitted into the box 1. At the same time, the box 1, the door panel 2, and the sound insulation rings are all made of sound insulation materials. A mounting base 3 is fixedly installed at the center of the housing 1 by bolts. Several mounting slots 31 and a monitoring cavity 32 are provided on the mounting base 3. A striking unit is set between the monitoring cavity 32 and the mounting slots 31. The striking unit consists of a mounting plate 33, an arc-shaped metal sheet 34, a striking rod 35, and a striking plate 36. The mounting plate 33 is set on the mounting slots 31, and the relay 4 is also installed on the mounting plate 33. Then, the arc-shaped metal sheet 34 is installed between the mounting slots 31 and the mounting plate 33 so that the arc-shaped metal sheet 34 can conduct the vibration generated by the relay 4. Then, the striking rod 35 is fixedly installed at the center of the arc-shaped metal sheet 34. The striking rod 35 is slidably installed inside the mounting base 3, and a striking plate 36 is set at one end of the striking rod 35 that is inserted into the monitoring cavity 32. The striking plate 36 is installed on the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 32 so that the striking rod 35 strikes the striking plate 36. The arc-shaped metal sheet 34 has a certain degree of elasticity so that it can follow the vibration of the relay 4; A sound detection unit is installed in each monitoring cavity 32 to monitor the sound emitted by the striking rod 35 striking the striking plate 36. The sound detection unit consists of a sound sensor 5 and a bracket. The bracket is fixedly installed at the center position between the two striking plates 36. Then, the threaded end of the surface of the sound sensor 5 is threadedly connected to the bracket, so that the sound sensor 5 is on the same horizontal line as the two striking plates 36, so that the sound sensor 5 can monitor the sound emitted by the striking plates 36. Then, a sound insulation plate made of sound insulation material is installed on the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 32, so that the sound sensor 5 forms an independent monitoring channel in the monitoring cavity 32. When the relay 4 vibrates abnormally, the relay 4 pushes the striking rod 35 to strike the striking plate 36 through the arc-shaped metal piece 34 to emit a sound signal. The sound signal is transmitted to the main control chip by the sound sensor 5 through the independent channel. Both the mounting slot 31 and the mounting plate 33 have through holes 37 inside. The two through holes 37 are aligned and aligned with the sound sensor 5, so that the sound sensor 5 can directly detect the normal operation of the relay 4. A sound insulation plate 38 is inserted into the mounting slot 31, so that the sound insulation plate 38 seals the through holes 37 on the mounting slot 31, and the sound insulation plate 38 is made of sound insulation material. A receiving cavity is arranged on the terminal of the relay 4, and a metal base plate 7 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the receiving cavity. Then, the clamping plate 6 is inserted into the receiving cavity. Then, a second threaded rod 13 is provided on the top of the clamping plate 6. The second threaded rod 13 is threadedly connected to the relay 4. A pressure plate 12 is fixedly installed on one end of the second threaded rod 13 that passes through the relay 4. The second threaded rod 13 rotates, causing the pressure plate 12 to rotate, so that the pressure plate 12 moves downward and pushes the clamping plate 6 to press against the metal base plate 7, thus completing the locking between the clamping plate 6 and the metal base plate 7. Two locking grooves are arranged inside the clamping plate 6. Each locking groove has a groove at the front end for the sheath of the wire 8 to be inserted. An extrusion plate 9 is slidably installed inside the locking groove. A first threaded rod 10 is rotatably installed on one side of the extrusion plate 9 and is threadedly connected to the clamping plate 6. A rotating cap 11 is fixedly installed on one end of the first threaded rod 10 through the clamping plate 6. The rotating cap 11 drives the first threaded rod 10 to rotate. The first threaded rod 10 moves while rotating, pushing the extrusion plate 9 along the locking groove, so that the extrusion plate 9 presses the core of the wire 8. One locking slot has a wire 8 connected to the device, and another locking slot has a wire 8 connected to the multimeter module of the controller 14. A transistor is connected in series in the circuit between the multimeter module and the relay 4 to control the switch of the circuit between the multimeter and the relay 4. The controller 14 is embedded inside the housing 1. The controller 14 also has a main control chip, a network connection module, and a threshold adjustment module inside. A display screen 141 is installed on the front of the controller 14. When the multimeter module detects the coil on relay 4 through wire 8, the multimeter module displays a voltage of 0 across its terminals, indicating that the coil may be short-circuited. The voltage at both ends is normal, but the relay does not engage: This indicates that the coil is open-circuited (broken circuit). If the voltage is much lower than the rated voltage, it indicates a problem with the drive circuit or poor wiring contact. Set the multimeter module to voltage mode and close the transistor to allow the multimeter module to detect the contacts on relay 4 via wire 8. If the multimeter module displays a voltage close to 0V, it indicates normal operation. The main control chip performs three remeasurements. When the voltage again approaches 0V, the main control chip combines the current channel number of the sound sensor 5 with the final diagnostic result. Sound detection indicates a contact fault, while the multimeter module's detection of the contact is normal. Several indicator lights are fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting base 3. One indicator light is installed on one side of each mounting slot 31, so that the main control chip is electrically connected to the network connection module, the main control chip is electrically connected to the display screen 141, the main control chip is electrically connected to the sound sensor 5, the main control chip is electrically connected to the indicator light, and the main control chip is electrically connected to the threshold adjustment module. The threshold adjustment module enables staff to adaptively adjust threshold settings on-site, effectively overcoming false alarms caused by differences in background noise in different environments. The fault early warning process of online monitoring devices for power distribution equipment: The relay 4 is installed on the mounting plate 33 in the mounting slot 31, so that the sound sensor 5 monitors the sound emitted by the striking plate 36, and the sound sensor 5 in each monitoring cavity 32 is numbered on the main control chip. Before using the equipment, pull the sound insulation panel 38 out of the through hole 37 so that the sound sensor 5 can receive the sound emitted by the relay 4 during normal operation through the through hole 37. On-site, set the fault alarm threshold through the threshold adjustment module in the controller 14. Total fault alarm threshold Background noise warning threshold This causes relay 4 to engage normally. The sound sensor 5 transmits the noise from the normal operation of relay 4 to the main control chip within controller 14. The main control chip then processes the noise using the following formula: ; : Amplitude of the spectrum; The square of the amplitude represents the energy density; : represents the number of times; Calculate the energy of high frequencies 2000Hz-10000Hz and After 10 normal engagements of relay 4; Through formula , For the number of times, This is the average value of the total energy. The formula for calculating the fault alarm threshold; 3 is a multiple of the normal average value; This allows for the determination of the total fault alarm threshold for high frequencies. ; Meanwhile, when relay 4 is normally engaged 10 times, the calculation formula is used:

[0024] : Amplitude of the spectrum; The square of the amplitude represents the energy density; : for number of times Calculate the energy of low frequencies 50Hz-500Hz and Then through the formula

[0025] This represents the average value of the total energy. : represents the number of times; 1.5 is a multiple of the normal average value; After calculating the total fault alarm threshold

[0026] The background noise alarm threshold also needs to be calculated. ; When relay 4 performs 10 normal engagements... Through the formula:

[0027] Calculate the pure background energy:

[0028]

[0029] This represents the average energy level. : represents the number of times; Standard deviation; : Sampling point; Total number of sampling times: Calculate the background noise alarm threshold , When relay 4 vibrates, relay 4 pushes mounting plate 33 to compress arc-shaped metal sheet 34. Arc-shaped metal sheet 34 pushes striking rod 35 to vibrate and strike striking plate 36, so that sound sensor 5 receives the sound emitted by striking plate 36 in a separate channel. At the same time, the sound signal is transmitted to the main control chip in controller 14. The main control chip uses a sound recognition and positioning algorithm. The algorithm converts the collected time domain signal into a frequency domain signal through fast Fourier transform in order to observe the energy distribution of different frequency components. The algorithm sums on the spectrum according to the physical fault mechanism to calculate the characteristic energy value. Extracting the total energy between 2000Hz and 10000Hz , > The problem was determined to be with the contacts of relay 4. In the low-frequency range of 50Hz-500Hz, the formula is used:

[0030] Calculate the total energy Then, using the formula:

[0031] Calculate the energy of the pure coil ; when ≫ ,and < It was determined that the short-circuit loop of relay 4 was faulty; when ≫ , > When the coil of relay 4 is faulty, it is determined that a fault has occurred. When the control chip identifies the fault type as a coil fault, it sets the multimeter module to the voltage range and closes the transistor, allowing the multimeter module to detect the coil on the relay 4 through wire 8. The multimeter module displays a voltage of 0 at both ends, indicating that the coil may be short-circuited. The voltage at both ends is normal, but the relay does not engage: This indicates that the coil is open-circuited (broken circuit). If the voltage is much lower than the rated voltage, it indicates a problem with the drive circuit or poor wiring contact. Then the main control chip combines the problem with the coil and the current channel number of the sound sensor 5 to output the final diagnostic result, which is displayed on the display screen 141. It also sends a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. At the same time, the indicator light next to the corresponding relay 4 lights up to indicate which relay 4 is malfunctioning. If the coil is not faulty, the main control chip will combine the coil diagnosis results with the current sound sensor channel 5 number to output the final diagnosis result. Sound monitoring indicates that the coil is faulty. If the multimeter module detects that the coil is normal, it will be displayed on the display screen 141 and a fault alarm signal will be sent to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. At the same time, the indicator light next to the corresponding relay 4 will light up to indicate which relay 4 is faulty. When the main control chip identifies the fault type as a contact fault, it sets the multimeter module to the voltage range and closes the transistor, allowing the multimeter module to detect the contacts on the relay 4 through wire 8. When the multimeter module displays a voltage close to 0V at both ends, it indicates normal operation. The main control chip performs three remeasurements. When the voltage at both ends is again close to 0V, the main control chip combines the current sound sensor channel number 5 with the output of the final diagnostic result. Sound monitoring indicates a contact failure. If the multimeter module detects a normal contact, it will be displayed on the display screen 141 and a fault alarm signal will be sent to the remote monitoring terminal via the network terminal, requesting staff to conduct detailed testing. At the same time, the indicator light next to the corresponding relay 4 will light up, indicating which relay 4 is malfunctioning. If there is a voltage of several volts or even tens of volts, it indicates that the contact is extremely poor and that the contact is faulty. The main control chip combines the contact fault and the current channel number of the sound sensor 5 to output the final diagnostic result, which is displayed on the display screen 141. At the same time, a fault alarm signal is sent to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. Simultaneously, the indicator light next to the corresponding relay 4 lights up, indicating which relay 4 is faulty. The main control chip combines the fault of the short-circuit loop with the current channel number of the sound sensor 5, outputs the final diagnostic result, displays it on the display screen 141, and sends a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal via the network terminal. At the same time, the indicator light next to the corresponding relay 4 lights up, indicating which relay 4 is faulty. The field adaptive threshold setting effectively overcomes the false alarm problem caused by the difference in background noise in different environments (such as indoors and workshops). Utilizing the sound-electric fusion diagnostic mechanism, it not only realizes early warning of faults, but also accurately distinguishes different fault modes such as contacts, coils, and short-circuit loops. With the combination of channel numbering, indicator light positioning, and remote communication, the fault diagnosis time is greatly shortened, providing technical support for predictive maintenance and high-reliability operation of power distribution equipment, and truly realizing the intelligent operation and maintenance goal of "being able to hear, identify, report accurately, and repair quickly".

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power distribution equipment online monitoring device, characterized in that, include: Box (1); Mounting base (3) is provided on the inner wall of the housing (1); The relay (4) is mounted on the mounting base (3); A striking unit is disposed between the relay (4) and the mounting slot (31), so that the striking unit vibrates with the relay (4) and strikes to produce sound; A sound detection unit is installed inside the mounting base (3) to monitor the sound emitted by the sound striking unit; The controller (14) is mounted on the housing (1) and electrically connected to the sound detection unit; The threshold adjustment module is set in the controller (14) and is used to adjust the fault judgment threshold of the relay (4) on site, so that the controller (14) can judge the fault of the relay (4) by the signal transmitted by the sound detection unit through the threshold.

2. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front of the enclosure (1) is hinged with a door panel (2), the controller (14) is located inside the door panel (2), and sound insulation rings are installed on the four sides of the door panel (2) so that the sound insulation rings fill the gap between the enclosure (1) and the door panel (2).

3. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment and its fault early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay (4) has a receiving cavity at its terminal. A metal base plate (7) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity. The card plate (6) is inserted into the receiving cavity and placed on the metal base plate (7). A second threaded rod (13) is threadedly connected to the top of the receiving cavity. A pressure plate (12) is rotatably connected to the end of the second threaded rod (13), so that the second threaded rod (13) rotates and pushes the pressure plate (12) downward.

4. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The card plate (6) is located at the contact end of the relay (4). A locking groove is provided inside the card plate (6). A groove for inserting the sheath of the wire (8) is provided at the front end of the locking groove. A pressing plate (9) is slidably connected inside the locking groove. A first threaded rod (10) is rotatably connected to the center of the pressing plate (9). The surface of the first threaded rod (10) is threadedly connected to the card plate (6). A rotating cap (11) is fixedly connected to one end of the first threaded rod (10) that passes through the card plate (6).

5. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (14) has a display screen (141) fixedly connected to its front side. The controller (14) has a main control chip inside, which is electrically connected to a transistor, the display screen (141), and the sound detection unit. The controller (14) also has a multimeter module inside, which is connected to the terminal of the relay (4) via a wire (8). A transistor is connected in series between the wire (8) and the multimeter, so that the controller (14) can read the value of the multimeter to measure whether the contacts or coil of the relay (4) are faulty.

6. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base (3) has a mounting groove (31) on its surface. A relay (4) is installed in the mounting groove (31). Several indicator lights are fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting base (3). An indicator light is installed on one side of each mounting groove (31). Several monitoring cavities (32) are opened inside the mounting base (3). The sound detection unit is set in the monitoring cavity (32).

7. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sound striking unit includes a mounting plate (33) installed at the bottom of the relay (4), an arc-shaped metal sheet (34) installed on the mounting groove (31), a striking rod (35) slidably installed on the mounting base (3), and a striking plate (36) installed in the monitoring cavity (32). The mounting plate (33) is fixedly connected to the top of the arc-shaped metal sheet (34), the bottom of the arc-shaped metal sheet (34) is fixedly connected to the striking rod (35), and the other end of the striking rod (35) is positioned above the striking plate (36).

8. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sound detection unit includes a sound sensor (5) and a bracket installed on the inner wall of the monitoring cavity (32). The bracket is located at the center of the two striking plates (36). The surface of the sound sensor (5) is provided with a threaded section. The sound sensor (5) is threadedly connected to the bracket, so that the sound sensor (5) passes through the bracket and the striking plate (36) on the same horizontal line. A sound insulation plate is installed inside the monitoring cavity (32) so that the sound sensor (5) forms a monitoring channel for the card plate (6).

9. The online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the mounting groove (31) and the mounting plate (33) have through holes (37) inside. The two through holes (37) are aligned and aligned with the sound sensor (5) so that the sound sensor (5) can directly detect the normal operation of the relay (4). A sound insulation plate (38) is inserted into the inside of the mounting groove (31) so that the sound insulation plate (38) seals the through holes (37) on the mounting groove (31).

10. The fault early warning method based on an online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to claim 1, utilizing the online monitoring device for power distribution equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the relay (4) on the mounting plate (33) on the mounting slot (31), so that the sound sensor (5) monitors the sound emitted by the striking plate (36), and number the sound sensor (5) in each monitoring cavity (32) on the main control chip; At the installation site, the fault alarm threshold is set via the threshold adjustment module. Total fault alarm threshold Background noise warning threshold ; Step 2: When the relay (4) vibrates, the relay (4) pushes the mounting plate (33) to compress the arc-shaped metal sheet (34). The arc-shaped metal sheet (34) pushes the striking rod (35) to vibrate and strike the striking plate (36), so that the sound sensor (5) receives the sound emitted by the striking plate (36) in a separate channel. At the same time, the sound signal is transmitted to the controller (14). The controller (14) uses a sound recognition and positioning algorithm to map the time-domain sound signal to the frequency domain, extracts the feature vector, and calculates the total energy in the high-frequency band between 2000Hz and 10000Hz. , > To determine if there is a problem with the contacts of relay (4); Step 3: Calculate the total energy in the 50Hz-500Hz low-frequency range. and pure coil energy , ≫ ,and < When it is determined that the short-circuit loop is faulty, when > When a coil fault occurs, it is determined that a fault has occurred. Step 4: When the main control chip identifies the fault type as a coil fault, it sets the multimeter module to the voltage range and closes the transistor, so that the multimeter module can detect the coil on the relay (4) through the wire (8). The multimeter module displays a voltage of 0 at both ends, indicating that the coil may be short-circuited. The voltage at both ends is normal, but the relay does not engage: This indicates that the coil is open-circuited (broken circuit). If the voltage is much lower than the rated voltage, it indicates a problem with the drive circuit or poor wiring contact. Then the main control chip combines the problem of the coil with the current channel number of the sound sensor (5) to output the final diagnosis result, which is displayed on the display screen (141), and sends a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal; Step 5: When the main control chip identifies a contact fault, it sets the multimeter module to the voltage range and closes the transistor, allowing the multimeter module to detect the contacts on the relay (4) via wire (8). When the multimeter module shows that the voltage at both ends is close to 0V, it indicates that it is normal. The main control chip performs three remeasurements. When the voltage at both ends is close to 0V again, the main control chip combines the current sound sensor (5) channel number with the output of the final diagnostic result. Sound monitoring indicates that the contact is faulty. The multimeter module detects that the contact is normal and displays it on the display screen (141). It also sends a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. Please have the staff perform a detailed test. If there is a voltage of several volts or even tens of volts, it indicates that the contact is extremely poor and that the contact is faulty. The main control chip will combine the contact fault and the current sound sensor (5) channel number to output the final diagnosis result, display it on the display screen (141), and send a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal. Step 6: The main control chip combines the fault of the short-circuit loop with the current channel number of the sound sensor (5), outputs the final diagnosis result, displays it on the display screen (141), and sends a fault alarm signal to the remote monitoring terminal through the network terminal.

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