Satellite communication test processing method, system and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a satellite communication test processing method, system and electronic equipment. It relates to the technical field of satellite communication. The method comprises the following steps: determining a second number of probe groups from a first number of probes arranged in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber, the second number of probe groups corresponding to a second number of time slices of a satellite base station to be measured within a time window; activating the corresponding probe groups in sequence according to the second number of time slices to simulate the continuous change of the relative position between the satellite base station to be measured and a plurality of terminals; loading the corresponding target channel impulse response data for the activated probe groups; based on the target channel impulse response data, controlling and acquiring the signal interaction between the satellite base station to be measured and the activated probe groups to simulate and test the data communication between the satellite base station to be measured and the corresponding terminals. The application solves the technical problem that the related art cannot simulate the link characteristics between the satellite base station to be measured and the plurality of terminals with high fidelity during the satellite communication test process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and more specifically, to a satellite communication test processing method, system, and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems are rapidly evolving towards multi-beam, multi-user, and on-board processing architectures, urgently requiring high-fidelity reproduction of real-world on-orbit communication scenarios in ground-based laboratory environments. Current testing methods primarily rely on traditional microwave anechoic chambers, whose planar or cylindrical probe layouts are limited by angular coverage, making it difficult to achieve complete testing of the satellite antenna's full-domain beam pointing. Furthermore, these methods are often limited to single-terminal or very limited user access scenarios, failing to simulate the system-level behavior of dozens to hundreds of concurrent accesses, dynamic switching, and spatially heterogeneous distributions during a real LEO satellite overhead pass. In addition, existing technical solutions cannot synchronously couple the large-scale Doppler frequency shift, time delay variations, rain attenuation shadows, and multipath channel time-varying characteristics caused by high-speed satellite motion. Channel simulations are mostly based on static models, lacking the dynamic adaptation capability to the instantaneous channel impulse response during overhead trajectories. Therefore, the relevant technologies cannot achieve high-fidelity testing of the coordination of "multi-terminal concurrency, large-angle dynamics, and real channel time-varying" on the ground, and cannot accurately simulate the link characteristics between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals. This severely restricts the system-level performance verification and R&D iteration efficiency of on-board processing satellite base stations. In summary, the relevant technologies cannot accurately simulate the link characteristics between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals during satellite communication testing, resulting in problems such as low testing efficiency.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a satellite communication test processing method, system, and electronic device to at least solve the technical problem that related technologies cannot accurately simulate the link characteristics between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals during satellite communication testing.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a satellite communication testing processing method is provided, comprising: determining a second number of probe groups from a first number of probes deployed in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber, wherein the second number of probe groups corresponds one-to-one with a second number of time slices of a satellite base station under test within an overhead time window, the overhead time window being a continuous time period during which the signal coverage area of ​​the simulated satellite base station enters the test area where multiple terminals are located and completely leaves the test area, the dome-shaped anechoic chamber is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure, the satellite base station under test is located at the center of the test quiet zone of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber, and the antennas of the first number of probes all point normally to the satellite base station under test; sequentially activating the corresponding probe groups according to the second number of time slices to simulate multiple terminals whose relative positions to the satellite base station under test change continuously; loading corresponding target channel impulse response data for the activated probe groups, wherein the target channel impulse response data matches the spatial position of the activated probe groups in the corresponding time slices; and controlling and acquiring the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe groups based on the target channel impulse response data to simulate and test the data communication between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminals.

[0006] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a satellite communication test processing system is also provided, including: multiple terminals; a dome-shaped anechoic chamber, wherein the dome-shaped anechoic chamber is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure; a first number of probes distributed inside the dome-shaped anechoic chamber; and a channel reconstruction device for performing any of the above-described satellite communication test processing methods.

[0007] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a non-volatile storage medium is also provided, which stores multiple instructions, the instructions being adapted for a satellite communication test processing method to be loaded by a processor and executed at any one of them.

[0008] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is also provided, including one or more processors and a memory, the memory being used to store one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement any one of the satellite communication test processing methods.

[0009] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the satellite communication test processing methods.

[0010] In this embodiment, a second number of probe groups are determined from a first number of probes deployed in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber. Each second number of probe groups corresponds one-to-one with a second number of time slices within a top-over-the-top time window of the satellite base station under test. The top-over-the-top time window is the continuous time period experienced by the signal coverage area of ​​the simulated satellite base station from entering the test area where multiple terminals are located to completely leaving the test area. The dome-shaped anechoic chamber is a spherical or hemispherical electromagnetic anechoic chamber. The satellite base station under test is located at the center of the test quiet zone within the dome-shaped anechoic chamber, and the antennas of the first number of probes all point normally towards the satellite base station under test. According to the second number of time slices, the corresponding probe groups are activated sequentially to simulate multiple terminals whose relative positions to the satellite base station under test continuously change. The activated probe groups are then loaded with corresponding target channel impulse responses. The data includes target channel impulse response data and the spatial position of the activated probe group in the corresponding time slot. Based on the target channel impulse response data, the signal interaction between the tested satellite base station and the activated probe group is controlled and acquired to simulate and test the data communication between the tested satellite base station and the corresponding terminal. This achieves the goal of high-fidelity reproduction of the link between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals by dynamically activating the probe group with spatially matched position according to different time slots within the overhead time window in the spherical dome anechoic chamber and loading the corresponding measured channel impulse response data. This improves the realism of the link simulation between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals, and solves the technical problem that related technologies cannot simulate the link characteristics between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals with high fidelity in satellite communication testing. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0012] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a satellite communication test processing method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional low-orbit satellite communication scenario based on a single satellite base station, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optional triplet method structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optional satellite communication system structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite communication test processing system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an optional satellite communication test processing system architecture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of an optional satellite communication test processing method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication test processing device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] According to an embodiment of this application, a method embodiment for satellite communication test processing is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a satellite communication test processing method according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S102: Determine a second number of probe groups from the first number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The second number of probe groups correspond one-to-one with the second number of time slices of the satellite base station under test within a top-over time window. The top-over time window is the continuous time period experienced by the signal coverage area of ​​the simulated satellite base station from entering the test area where multiple terminals are located to completely leaving the test area. The dome-shaped anechoic chamber is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure. The satellite base station under test is located at the center of the test quiet zone of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The antennas of the first number of probes all point normally to the satellite base station under test.

[0025] In this step, the multiple terminals can be multiple physical terminals or multiple simulated terminals. Based on the second number of time slices within the overhead time window, a second number of probe groups are determined from the first number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The overhead time window is the continuous time period experienced by the simulated signal coverage area of ​​the satellite base station from entering the test area where multiple terminals are located until it completely leaves the test area. It can be understood as the continuous time window during which the satellite base station completes one flight over multiple terminals; that is, the process of the satellite base station flying from far to near and then back to far away, passing multiple terminals, is called one overhead pass, and this time period is called an overhead time window. During the overhead pass, the satellite base station initially can only see one terminal. As time changes, the satellite base station gradually sees more terminals as it moves closer. After passing directly overhead, the satellite base station gradually moves away, and the number of terminals seen by the satellite base station gradually decreases, eventually reaching zero. This step first selects the second number of probe groups from the first number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber and establishes a precise mapping relationship between the probe groups and the time slices. To achieve this mapping, the test environment is defined as a dome-shaped anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure, and the satellite base station under test is deployed at the center of the test quiet zone within the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. Simultaneously, the antennas of the first set of probes are configured to point normally towards the satellite base station under test, and the center of the test quiet zone is a specific location for placing the satellite base station under test. By mapping the spatiotemporal positional relationship between each terminal and the satellite base station under test in each time slice to the spatial distribution of probes within the anechoic chamber, and based on the trajectory characteristics of the relative motion between the satellite base station under test and the terminal, a set of probes that can accurately simulate the spatial geometric relationship between the satellite base station under test and the terminal within the corresponding time slice is selected. This forms a probe group specifically for the terminal observed in the corresponding time slice, achieving precise allocation of probe resources and time-slice isolation in multi-terminal concurrent testing scenarios. Furthermore, the spherical or hemispherical structure of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber ensures that the spatial arrangement of the probes can cover the full-angle changes required during the entire satellite overhead transit.

[0026] It should be noted that the first quantity refers to the total number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber, and the second quantity refers to the total number of time slices divided within the "overhead time window" of a single test mission, which also corresponds to the total number of probe groups that need to be activated. Both the first and second quantities are integers greater than 1. Specifically, when the test scenario requires high spatial resolution and the channel dynamics during satellite overhead are relatively smooth or the test time window is short, a "one-to-one" mapping strategy can be adopted, meaning that only one specific probe is activated for signal interaction in each time slice. When the test scenario requires extremely high spatial resolution, or needs to simulate more complex multipath effects, beamforming gain, and near-field spherical wavefront correction, a "many-to-one" or "group selection" strategy can be adopted, meaning that a "probe group" consisting of multiple probes is activated within a time slice, or, under a finer-grained time slice division, the total number of probes is much greater than the total number of time slices.

[0027] The method described in this embodiment can be applied to satellite communication testing in low-Earth orbit satellite communication scenarios. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional low-Earth orbit satellite communication scenario based on a single satellite base station, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, several user terminals are distributed within the coverage area of ​​the satellite base station. Due to the high-speed motion of low-Earth orbit satellites, the relative positions of different user terminals and the satellite base station are constantly changing as the satellite base station passes overhead (e.g., during...). Figure 2 In the middle, different time slices t0, t n t N The relative positions between the terminal and the satellite base station change dynamically, which in turn causes changes in channel characteristics such as Doppler frequency offset, propagation delay, and path loss between the satellite base station and the user terminal. The channel impulse response between the two also changes continuously as the satellite passes overhead.

[0028] In actual communication, different terminals within the coverage area of ​​a satellite base station access the satellite network and initiate data transmission requests through synchronous and random access procedures according to their own communication needs. The transmitted services cover various types, including voice calls, high-definition video, and emergency data reporting. To adapt to the concurrent access requirements of multiple terminals and multiple services, the satellite system adopts a multi-beam collaborative working mode, with different beams dynamically scanning, switching, or staring transmission within the coverage area. Dynamic scanning is used to achieve terminal detection and signal coverage in wide-area coverage, beam switching ensures continuous communication for high-speed mobile terminals, and staring transmission improves transmission rate and signal quality in areas with high bandwidth service requirements.

[0029] In one optional embodiment, the antenna normals of the first number of probes are all pointed to the center of the test quiet zone in the dome-shaped dark chamber, which is used to simulate the relative spatial position between the satellite base station under test and the terminal; the center of the test quiet zone is used to place the satellite base station under test, and the physical center of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test coincides with the center of the test quiet zone.

[0030] In this embodiment, by pointing the antenna normals of a first number of probes to the center of the test quiet zone in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber, and precisely aligning the physical center of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test with the center of the test quiet zone, the radiation direction of the probes is always kept in a fixed spatial alignment with the center of the satellite base station under test. This creates a geometric configuration in the ground laboratory environment that is consistent with the actual dynamic relative position of the low-orbit satellite during its overhead transit. This achieves high-fidelity simulation of the spatial azimuth, elevation, and distance changes between the satellite base station and the multi-user terminals, effectively overcoming beam pointing deviation and channel characteristic distortion caused by the misalignment of the probes with the base station in space. Ultimately, this achieves the technical effect of accurately reproducing the dynamic channel characteristics of the satellite communication link in a controlled environment, significantly improving the fidelity and verification accuracy of the ground test for the real satellite-to-ground communication scenario.

[0031] Optionally, the satellite base station under test can be deployed at the center of the test quiet zone, with its antenna array physical center coinciding with the center of the test quiet zone. The antenna array normal should point upwards along the dome normal direction to ensure that the beam scanning direction is aligned with the spatial layout of the dome probes. All probes within the test quiet zone are equidistant from the satellite base station under test, forming a spherical distribution centered on the test quiet zone. This ensures consistent path loss for each probe and eliminates non-target channel deviations introduced by distance differences. Multiple terminals can be distributed uniformly, randomly, or in high-density hotspot areas. The activation strategy of the probe group is dynamically adjusted based on the spatial distribution of the terminals to support system-level performance verification under different service load scenarios.

[0032] In one optional embodiment, the included angle between two adjacent probes in the first number of probes is less than or equal to the preset minimum beamwidth of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test, wherein the included angle between two adjacent probes is with the center of the test quiet zone as the vertex, and the center of the test quiet zone is used to place the satellite base station under test.

[0033] In this embodiment, by controlling the included angle between two adjacent probes in the first number of probes in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber to be less than or equal to the preset minimum beamwidth of the satellite base station antenna array under test (for example, when the 3dB beamwidth of the satellite antenna is 5°, the angle between the probes can be set to 2°, 1°, or even lower), and forming the included angle with the center of the test quiet zone as the vertex, it is ensured that the discrete distribution density of the probes in the spherical or hemispherical space can completely cover the minimum angle range of the satellite antenna beam scan. Thus, in the process of dynamically activating the corresponding probe group, loading the matching channel impulse response data and performing signal interaction according to each time slice, it avoids the beam pointing angle blind zone or scanning gap caused by excessive probe spacing. This achieves high-fidelity continuous simulation of the dynamic relative position changes and associated channel characteristics between the satellite base station and multiple terminals, effectively solving the technical defect that the full beam coverage characteristics during the low-orbit satellite overhead process cannot be realistically reproduced due to insufficient probe spatial density. Ultimately, it achieves the effect of accurately reproducing the dynamic characteristics of the satellite-to-ground communication link in a ground laboratory environment.

[0034] In one optional embodiment, determining a second group of probes from a first group of probes deployed in a dome-shaped darkroom includes: determining the relative position of a test terminal between the test terminal and the satellite base station under test at any time slice, wherein the test terminal is the terminal observed by the satellite base station under test at any time slice; determining any probe group from the first group of probes based on the relative position; and obtaining a second group of probes corresponding to the second group of time slices by using the method of obtaining any probe group.

[0035] In this embodiment, the terminals observed by the tested satellite base station differ in different time slots. For a test terminal observed by the tested satellite base station in any time slot, the most matching probe group is dynamically selected from a first number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber based on the spatial relative position of the test terminal and the tested satellite base station within that time slot. This ensures that the selection of each probe group is not simply based on the time sequence, but corresponds to the actual spatial trajectory of the terminal during the satellite's overhead transit. Furthermore, through the one-to-one mapping relationship between multiple probe groups and a second number of time slots, the corresponding probe groups are activated sequentially according to the time sequence, and target channel impulse response data matching their spatial positions is loaded. This achieves high-fidelity simulation of the dynamic communication link between the tested satellite base station and the terminal, enabling high-precision, reproducible, and spatially consistent ground simulation testing of the multi-terminal dynamic communication scenario during the low-Earth orbit satellite overhead transit.

[0036] Step S104: Activate the corresponding probe groups sequentially according to the second number of time slices to simulate multiple terminals whose relative positions to the tested satellite base station change continuously.

[0037] In this step, the corresponding probe groups are dynamically switched and activated sequentially according to a second number of time slices. In each time slice, the corresponding probe group is in an active state, while the other probe groups are in an inactive state, to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals. This process divides the complete cycle of the satellite's overhead transit into several time slices, each time slice corresponding to a specific relative spatial position relationship between the satellite and the terminal. Based on this positional relationship, a set of matching probes is selected and activated to achieve discretized reproduction of the instantaneous angular state in the satellite's motion trajectory. By sequentially switching and activating different probe groups in chronological order, the direction of the terminal signal source sensed by the tested satellite base station continuously evolves over time, thereby dynamically reconstructing the continuous change in the relative position between the satellite and the terminal during the overhead transit of a low-Earth orbit satellite without relying on the actual satellite motion.

[0038] In one optional embodiment, determining any probe group based on relative position includes: determining the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics of the satellite base station under test in any time slice, wherein the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics are used to indicate the electromagnetic wave propagation state between the antenna array of the satellite base station under test and the probe, and the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics include: near-field region and far-field region; determining the number of probes included in any probe group based on the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics; and determining any probe group based on relative position and the number of probes.

[0039] In this embodiment, the near-field region indicates that the distance between the antenna array of the satellite base station under test and the probe is less than or equal to a specified distance. At this time, the electromagnetic wave exhibits spherical wave characteristics. The far-field region indicates that the distance between the antenna array of the satellite base station under test and the probe is greater than the specified distance. The electromagnetic wave is approximately a plane wave with a linear phase distribution, and the radiation fields of each array element can be considered as in-phase superposition in the probe direction. The specified distance can be 2D² / λ, where D is the maximum physical size of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test, and λ is the operating wavelength. The configuration of the probe group is not fixed or a single mode, but dynamically adapted according to the real-time physical state of electromagnetic wave propagation between the antenna of the satellite base station under test and the probe. In low-Earth orbit satellite communication ground testing scenarios, although all probes are deployed on a dome structure centered on the test quiet zone and at a fixed distance from the base station under test, the physical size and operating frequency band of the antenna array under test vary greatly—from small handheld terminal-level antennas (e.g., 0.1m aperture, 10GHz operating frequency) to large spaceborne phased arrays (e.g., 1.5m aperture, 30GHz operating frequency), their far-field distances can range from several meters to hundreds of meters. Due to the limited space of the dome anechoic chamber used in this embodiment (typical radius 5~15m), in most actual test scenarios, the antenna under test and the probe are in the near-field region. At this time, the electromagnetic waves exhibit significant spherical wave characteristics, with uneven energy distribution and nonlinear phase gradient. If the "single probe simulation" under the far-field assumption is still used, it will lead to severe distortion of the excitation wavefront received by the antenna array under test, thereby causing systematic errors such as gain measurement deviation, beam pointing drift, and sidelobe control failure. Therefore, this embodiment introduces the characteristics of the electromagnetic field propagation region as the decision-making basis for probe group selection. By determining the number of probes in each probe group based on regional characteristics and combining a two-layer decision-making mechanism guided by spatial location, this not only solves the problem of near-field simulation distortion, ensuring that the signal wavefront received by the tested satellite base station is consistent with the electromagnetic field emitted by the terminal at different distances and frequency bands in the real field, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of tests for key indicators such as antenna gain, beamwidth, and sidelobe level; it also avoids the test misleading caused by "forced far-field" and no longer sacrifices test authenticity due to the limited space of the anechoic chamber, making the laboratory test results highly correlated with on-orbit performance. This enables a unified test framework for antennas across scales. Whether the terminal is a small mobile phone direct-connect antenna or a large spaceborne phased array, it can automatically switch simulation modes without replacing hardware or reconstructing the anechoic chamber, significantly improving the platform's versatility.

[0040] Optionally, but not limited to, the number of probes in any probe group can be determined based on the characteristics of the electromagnetic field propagation region, using the following methods: If the electromagnetic field propagation region is in the far field, the number of probes in any probe group is determined to be a specified number, where the specified number is one or three; if the electromagnetic field propagation region is in the near field, the number of probes in any probe group is automatically determined based on the ratio of antenna size to distance. Through these methods, this embodiment achieves adaptive scheduling of probe resources based on the physical characteristics of electromagnetic propagation, significantly improving the operating efficiency and resource utilization of the test system while ensuring high-fidelity channel simulation accuracy.

[0041] For example, when the region is determined to be in the far field, the electromagnetic wave approximates a plane wave, and the antenna array can be effectively excited by a single point source. In this case, only one probe with the best spatial angle matching is needed to complete the simulation of the terminal, resulting in high efficiency and low resource consumption. Alternatively, each probe group can include three probes, and the "triplet" method can be used in a multi-probe dome anechoic chamber to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the satellite base station and the user terminal, further effectively simulating the continuous change in the relative position between the satellite and the user terminal when a low-orbit satellite passes overhead in the actual field. When the region is determined to be in the near field, the excitation received by each element of the antenna array has significant spatial distribution differences. In this case, multiple probes can collaboratively synthesize an equivalent plane wavefront. The required number of probes (e.g., 3-7) can be automatically determined based on the ratio of antenna size to distance, and precise amplitude and phase weighting can be applied to these probes through an amplitude-phase network, so that the synthesized field reproduces the near-field wavefront distribution emitted by the real terminal on the plane of the antenna array under test. Based on this, and combined with the actual spatial azimuth and elevation angles of the terminal within the time slice, a group of probes whose spatial position is closest to that direction is selected from the determined number of probes for final assembly.

[0042] In one optional embodiment, determining the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics of the satellite base station under test in any time slice includes: acquiring the physical dimensions of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test, the communication frequency of the antenna of the satellite base station under test, and the distances between a first number of probes and the center of the test quiet zone; and determining the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics based on the physical dimensions, communication frequency, and distance.

[0043] In this embodiment, the determination of the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics does not rely on empirical judgment or fixed thresholds, but is based on scientific calculation and dynamic reasoning using the actual physical parameters of the tested satellite base station. In ground testing of satellite communication, the size of the tested base station antenna, its operating frequency band, and the anechoic chamber structural parameters (the fixed distance from the probe to the center of the quiet zone) jointly determine the spatial evolution of the electromagnetic wave along its propagation path. To accurately determine whether the current test environment belongs to the far-field or near-field region, we can start with three core physical quantities: the maximum physical size of the antenna array, the communication frequency, and the distance between the probe and the center of the test quiet zone. Among them, the maximum physical size D of the antenna array is directly obtained from the antenna design parameters, characterizing its spatial expansion capability of the radiation source; the communication frequency f is input by the test configuration and is used to calculate the operating wavelength λ = c / f (c is the speed of light), determining the spatial periodicity of the electromagnetic wave; as for the distance R between the probe and the center of the test quiet zone, since all probes are uniformly arranged along the sphere, and the distance between their phase centers and the center of the quiet zone was precisely calibrated and fixed as a system constant during the construction of the anechoic chamber, this value is a known structural parameter and does not need to be measured in real time. Based on the above three factors, and according to the far-field criterion in classical electromagnetic field theory and the boundary definition of the near-field region, the electromagnetic wave propagation region characteristics between the antenna under test and the probe can be automatically determined in the current time slice. For example, when the carrier frequency is f=2GHz, the corresponding wavelength is λ=0.15m. If the satellite base station antenna aperture is D=1.5m, then the corresponding far-field distance is R. 远场 =2D 2 / λ=30m. Therefore, when the distance between the probe and the center of the test quiet zone in the anechoic chamber is greater than or equal to 30m, the far-field condition is met; otherwise, the near-field condition is met.

[0044] This embodiment can solve the systematic bias caused by uniformly adopting the assumption of fixed far field or near field. Through automatic discrimination driven by physical parameters, it ensures that the selection of each probe group is based on the understanding of the real electromagnetic environment, so that the activation of the probe group and the loading of channel data form a physical-digital dual closed loop, avoiding the problem of disconnect between digital simulation and physical excitation.

[0045] In one optional embodiment, when each of the second number of probe groups includes multiple probes, the corresponding probe groups are activated sequentially according to the second number of time slices to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals. This includes: taking the second number of time slices as the current time slice in sequence, and repeating the following operations until the last time slice of the second number of time slices is reached; when controlling the activation of the probe group corresponding to the current time slice, controlling the change of the amplitude and phase control coefficients corresponding to the probes included in the activated probe group to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals, wherein the amplitude and phase control coefficients are used to control the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes.

[0046] In this embodiment, a probe group consisting of multiple (e.g., three) probes corresponding to each time slice is used as the basic unit. During the process of activating each probe group in sequence, the amplitude and phase control coefficients of multiple probes in the probe group are dynamically adjusted to coordinately change the direction of the synthetic beam of their radiated signals. This allows for the continuous virtual simulation of the smooth motion trajectory of the terminal relative to the tested satellite base station in three-dimensional space. This avoids the discrete position jumps caused by switching different probe groups, and enables precise matching between the channel impulse response data and the instantaneous virtual position. This achieves high-fidelity simulation of the continuous and smooth relative motion between the terminal and the satellite during the overhead passage of a low-orbit satellite, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of satellite communication system testing.

[0047] Optionally, in order to realize the continuous change of the relative position between the satellite and the user terminal when the low-orbit satellite passes overhead in the actual field, the "triple" method can be used in a multi-probe dome-shaped anechoic chamber to simulate the continuous change of the relative position between the satellite base station and the user terminal. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optional triplet method structure according to an embodiment of this application. The basic principle of the triplet method is: utilizing three probes (such as...) in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber... Figure 3 (As shown in red in the image), by changing the amplitude and phase of each probe, the virtual probe position can be simulated at any location within the triangular area enclosed by the three probes. The triplet method will not be elaborated upon here; please refer to relevant patent applications, such as CN201711169874.X, A system and method for measuring the radiated electromagnetic field of an angle-variable spherical triplet antenna; CN202310712052.0, A robust angle deception method for triplet array cross-eyes; CN201711195604.6, A method for correcting the near-field effect of a triplet target array; CN202110701578.X, A method for determining the triplet feed coefficient in semi-physical RF simulation; and research on triplet antenna array control schemes, etc.

[0048] Step S106: Load the corresponding target channel impulse response data for the activated probe group, wherein the target channel impulse response data matches the spatial position of the activated probe group in the corresponding time slice.

[0049] In this step, by loading target channel impulse response data that matches the spatial position of the currently activated probe group within its corresponding time slot, accurate reproduction of the dynamic channel characteristics between the satellite base station and the terminal is achieved. The activated probe group can be dynamically selected by the channel reconstruction equipment based on the current time slot; that is, the probe group corresponding to the time slot is activated when the appropriate time slot is reached. The spatial position of the activated probe group reflects the relative geometric relationship between the satellite base station and the terminal at that moment. The target channel impulse response data is pre-calculated or measured based on the channel characteristics corresponding to that position, and may include, but is not limited to, time-varying parameters such as path loss, Doppler shift, propagation delay, and multipath components. Its content strictly corresponds to the instantaneous spatial relationship simulated by the probe group. This loading process ensures that the channel response presented by the RF signal output by the probe group after transmission through the anechoic chamber is consistent with the channel state at that spatial position during the actual satellite overhead passage, thus directly constructing a communication link equivalent to the actual dynamic scenario without relying on the on-orbit environment.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the target channel impulse response data is any one of the following: a statistical channel impulse response dynamically calculated based on the satellite channel model parameters in the 3GPP TR38.901 standard; or an instantaneous channel impulse response matrix obtained from measured satellite over-the-top links or high-precision electromagnetic simulation.

[0051] In this embodiment, the target channel impulse response data is limited to statistical channel impulse responses dynamically calculated based on satellite channel model parameters in the 3GPP TR 38.901 standard, or instantaneous channel impulse response matrices obtained from measured satellite overpass links or high-precision electromagnetic simulations. In other words, this embodiment allows the channel simulator to support two input modes: statistical channel parameters (such as parameters from the Channel Model for Delay spread with Line-of-Sight (CDL) or Tapped Delay Line (TDL) models defined by 3GPP) or instantaneous channel impulse response data (such as the original channel propagation matrix obtained from measurements or simulations). When statistical channel parameters are input, the channel simulator can dynamically generate parameters such as path loss, Doppler shift, delay spread, shadow fading, and multipath power delay spectrum (PDP) based on the real-time relative position of the satellite overpass with the terminal, thereby generating channel impulse response data for each terminal user; the channel simulator can also directly input the instantaneous channel impulse response data for each terminal user. In other words, the method in this embodiment supports the input of satellite statistical channel parameters (such as 3GPP statistical channel model) and instantaneous channel impulse response data (such as raw channel data obtained by actual measurement or simulation), and can reproduce satellite channel characteristics such as Doppler, propagation delay, atmospheric attenuation, rain attenuation, shadowing, and multipath with high fidelity.

[0052] Step S108: Based on the target channel impulse response data, control and acquire the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group to simulate and test the data communication between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal.

[0053] Optionally, this signal interaction can be air interface signal interaction. An air interface signal refers to an electromagnetic signal transmitted wirelessly between two wireless devices (such as a satellite base station and a terminal) through free space (air or vacuum) in a wireless communication system, without a wired connection (such as a cable or fiber optic cable). In this step, based on the target channel impulse response data, signal interaction is controlled between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group to simulate the actual communication link between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal. This process uses pre-determined channel impulse response data as the basis for channel characteristics, driving the channel reconstruction device to apply corresponding amplitude and phase control and signal modulation to the activated probe group, causing the probe group to emit radio frequency signals consistent with the target channel in the electromagnetic environment. The satellite base station under test receives these signals and responds, and its transmitted signals are also fed back to the channel reconstruction device via the same probe group, thereby reproducing the bidirectional channel behavior between the satellite and the terminal in a closed loop. This interactive process does not rely on real terminals or satellites in orbit. Based on channel impulse response data and the activation state of the probe group, it constructs an electromagnetic path equivalent to the actual field communication link, so that the transmitting and receiving behavior of the satellite base station under test responds to the input signal that conforms to the characteristics of the target channel, thereby realizing the physical layer simulation of the communication link.

[0054] In one optional embodiment, based on the target channel impulse response data, the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group is controlled to simulate and acquire the data communication between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal. This includes: determining the amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel responses corresponding to each probe within the activated probe group based on the target channel impulse response data, wherein the amplitude and phase control coefficients are used to control the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probe, and the reconstructed channel response is used to indicate the multipath channel response of the activated probe group to the satellite base station under test and the terminal in the corresponding time slice; and controlling and acquiring the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group based on their respective amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel responses to simulate and test the data communication between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal.

[0055] In this embodiment, probe groups corresponding to each time slice are dynamically selected from a first number of probes deployed in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber and activated sequentially in chronological order to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the satellite base station and the terminal. When each probe group is activated, target channel impulse response data matching its spatial position is loaded, and the amplitude and phase control coefficients required for each probe are accurately calculated based on the data to adjust the amplitude and phase of its transmitted signal. At the same time, a reconstructed channel response is generated to characterize the spatial beam characteristics of the probe group, which is equivalent to the real terminal-side multipath channel, formed collaboratively at the corresponding overhead moment. The signals of individual probes are finely controlled by the amplitude and phase control coefficients, and the reconstructed channel response guides the entire probe group to construct a spatial beam configuration that perfectly matches the real channel. Thus, the dynamic response characteristics of the terminal-side multipath channel are reproduced with high fidelity during signal interaction, realizing the real simulation of the communication link between the tested satellite base station and the terminal in a ground laboratory environment. This achieves a high-precision, repeatable, and traceable laboratory simulation effect of the dynamic channel characteristics during the overhead passage of a low-orbit satellite.

[0056] In one optional embodiment, determining the amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel response corresponding to each probe in the activated probe group based on the target channel impulse response data includes: determining the target terminal multipath channel response and the target satellite-side array response based on the target channel impulse response data, wherein the target terminal multipath channel response is used to indicate the channel characteristics formed by terminal-side multipath scattering in the target channel impulse response data, and the target satellite-side array response is used to indicate the array response characteristics of the test terminal relative to the antenna array of the satellite base station under test; determining the channel propagation matrix between the activated probe group and the satellite base station under test, the first transmission loss between each probe in the activated probe group and the channel simulator, and the second transmission loss between the channel simulator and the terminal corresponding to the activated probe group; determining the amplitude and phase control coefficients corresponding to each probe in the activated probe group based on the target satellite-side array response, the channel propagation matrix, and the first transmission loss; and determining the reconstructed channel response in the channel simulator based on the target terminal multipath channel response and the second transmission loss.

[0057] In this embodiment, the target channel impulse response data is decomposed into the target terminal multipath channel response and the target satellite-side array response. These represent the spatial receiving beam characteristics formed by multipath scattering at the terminal side and the spatial transmitting beam characteristics of the satellite base station antenna array, respectively. Combined with the measured channel propagation matrix between the probe group and the satellite base station, the first transmission loss between the probe and the channel simulator, and the second transmission loss between the channel simulator and the terminal, the precise decoupling of the channel characteristics between the satellite side and the terminal side is achieved. The amplitude and phase control coefficients of each probe in the probe group are calculated using the target satellite-side array response, the channel propagation matrix, and the first transmission loss to accurately compensate for the propagation distortion of the satellite-side transmitting beam in the simulated link. Simultaneously, the channel response is independently calculated and reconstructed based on the target terminal multipath channel response and the second transmission loss to realistically restore the beamform of the multipath receiving environment at the terminal side. Thus, in the complex simulation environment of dynamic switching of the probe group and the coexistence of multiple transmission losses, the amplitude and phase control coefficients and the terminal-side array response are accurately and independently calibrated. This significantly improves the ground laboratory's ability to reproduce the dynamic channel characteristics during the low-orbit satellite overhead process with high fidelity and effectively avoids problems such as simulation distortion and calibration deviation.

[0058] Optionally, the channel simulator can be either a first-channel simulator or a second-channel simulator. The first-channel simulator is a more powerful simulator, capable of controlling the switching of a first number of probes through multiple channel switching, and sending corresponding amplitude and phase control coefficients to the corresponding probes through multiple channels to control and adjust the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes. The second-channel simulator is a more basic simulator, requiring the use of a switching matrix and an amplitude and phase network to achieve probe switching and amplitude and phase control functions. For example, the switching matrix controls the switching of the first number of probes based on the probe selection control signal output by the second-channel simulator; the amplitude and phase network controls and adjusts the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probe based on the amplitude and phase control coefficients output by the second-channel simulator.

[0059] The specific implementation and derivation process of the amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel response for each probe in the activated probe group in this embodiment are as follows:

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optional satellite communication system structure according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the satellite coverage area has Each user terminal is equipped with a large-scale array antenna on the satellite, with the number of antennas along the x-axis and y-axis being respectively... and The total number of antennas is The number of antennas on the user terminal side is Taking the downlink as an example, the satellite and the user terminal... Downlink channel impulse response (i.e., target channel impulse response data) between It can be represented as:

[0061] (1)

[0062] in, For the number of multipath paths on the user terminal side, For the first Channel complex gain of the stripe path, For the first Doppler frequency shift of the stripe, For the first The propagation delay of the stripe, Indicates the user terminal side The array response vector of the stripe diameter, For the first The array response vector on the satellite side. A path refers to each independent electromagnetic propagation path formed by the electromagnetic wave emitted by the satellite during its propagation, after reflection, refraction, or diffraction by scattering objects (such as buildings, terrain, atmosphere, raindrops, etc.). Each "path" has independent time delay, amplitude, phase, and Doppler shift, and is the basic physical unit constituting a multipath channel. In a satellite scenario, scattering objects are distributed near the terminal, and the distance between the satellite base station and the terminal is large. The directions of different paths arriving at the satellite side tend to be consistent, and the angular spread is minimal; that is, the satellite-side channel has spatial single-path characteristics. Therefore, the satellite-side array response... It can be represented in the following way:

[0063] (2)

[0064] in, for:

[0065] (3)

[0066] in, , For downlink carrier wavelength, For array along The number of array elements along the axis, For antenna edge The spacing between the axes, and Representing users respectively The direction cosines of the satellite-side antenna array along the x and y axes and Representing users respectively The departure angles along the x and y axes of the satellite-side antenna array. Define the spatial received beam characteristics formed by multipath scattering at the terminal side in the target channel impulse response data, i.e., the target terminal-side multipath channel response. This includes factors such as channel gain, Doppler, propagation delay, shadowing fading, and multipath propagation. Correspondingly, the target channel impulse response data... It can be represented as:

[0067] (4)

[0068] In the test system architecture diagram, the air interface channel propagation matrix between the measurement probe and the payload of the satellite base station under test is used. The loss matrix of the radio frequency and connecting cables between the probe and the channel reconstruction device (i.e., the first transmission loss) The loss matrix (i.e., the second transmission loss) of the radio frequency and connecting cables between the channel reconfiguration equipment and the user terminal. Simultaneously, the channel impulse response (i.e., the reconstructed channel response) in the channel reconstruction device is reconstructed. This makes the channel between the base station under test and the user terminal equivalent to the channel in the actual field.

[0069] Specifically, taking the downlink as an example, for the user terminal Suppose we choose in a dome-shaped darkroom There are one probe, and the channel propagation matrix between the measured satellite base station payload and the probe is as follows: ,in This indicates the distance from the base station antenna under test to the user terminal. The selected number The anechoic chamber air interface channel vector between the probes; The RF link of each probe and the transmission loss between it and the channel simulator are as follows: ,in Indicates user terminal The selected number The RF link and transmission loss coefficients between each probe and the channel simulator; the probe selection coefficient matrix in the channel simulator is as follows: ,in Indicates user terminal The selected number Amplitude and phase control coefficients of each probe; user in the channel simulator The corresponding reconstructed channel impulse response is Channel simulator output and user terminal The transmission loss between them is ,in Indicates the user in the channel simulator No. The radio frequency and transmission loss coefficients between the output terminals and the user terminal. (This refers to the relationship between the base station load under test and the user terminal.) The downlink channel propagation matrix between them is:

[0070] (5)

[0071] in, , , All of these can be obtained through measurement. The goal of channel reconfiguration equipment is to achieve this through design. and This caused the channel impulse response between the satellite base station and the test terminal in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. Approximating the actual channel impulse response in the field According to formula (4), from the expression of the satellite channel, and The design must meet the following requirements:

[0072] (6)

[0073] Furthermore, and The design can be broken down into:

[0074] (7)

[0075] (8)

[0076] Channel reconstruction consists of two parts: reconstructing the array response vector under single-path conditions on the satellite side using an anechoic chamber air interface; and simulating the multipath channel response on the terminal side using channel reconstruction equipment, including large-scale and small-scale fading characteristics. Considering the varying sizes of the satellite antennas under test and the wide range of test bands, the distance between the satellite under test and the dome probe may not meet the requirements for far-field communication in some test scenarios. Therefore, further scenario-based considerations are necessary.

[0077] In one optional embodiment, determining the channel propagation matrix between the activated probe group and the satellite base station under test, the first transmission loss between the probes included in the activated probe group and the channel simulator, and the second transmission loss between the probes included in the activated probe group and the channel simulator, includes: determining a channel modeling strategy between the activated probe group and the satellite base station under test based on the antenna size of the satellite base station under test; and determining the channel propagation matrix, the first transmission loss, and the second transmission loss based on the channel modeling strategy.

[0078] In this embodiment, a channel modeling strategy is dynamically selected based on the antenna size of the satellite base station under test. This allows for the precise determination of the channel propagation matrix between the activated probe group and the satellite base station, the first transmission loss between the probe and the channel simulator, and the second transmission loss between the channel simulator and the terminal. This enables the channel modeling process to distinguish between different electromagnetic environments, such as far-field and near-field, ensuring that the acquired channel propagation matrix and transmission loss parameters accurately reflect the actual antenna characteristics and system connection loss of the satellite base station under test. Based on this, the multipath channel response of the target terminal and the array response of the target satellite side are derived from the target channel impulse response data. The amplitude and phase control coefficients of the probe are calculated using the channel propagation matrix and the first transmission loss as inputs, respectively. The channel response is reconstructed using the multipath channel response of the target terminal and the second transmission loss as inputs. This achieves high-fidelity simulation of the dynamic communication link between the satellite and the terminal, effectively overcoming the problems of amplitude and phase control inaccuracy and array response distortion caused by ignoring the influence of antenna size. This significantly improves the accuracy of restoring the channel characteristics of multi-user terminals during low-orbit satellite overhead passage in a ground laboratory environment.

[0079] In this embodiment, the channel modeling strategy can be determined based on the antenna size. For example, if the size of the satellite base station under test is small (e.g., less than a predetermined size, i.e., far-field scenario), the channel modeling strategy is to perform channel modeling between the base station antenna and the probe based on the far-field plane wave model, and the channel propagation matrix, first transmission loss, and second transmission loss are determined based on this channel. If the size of the satellite base station under test is large (e.g., greater than or equal to a predetermined size, i.e., near-field scenario), the channel modeling strategy is determined based on the near-field spherical wave model, and the channel propagation matrix, first transmission loss, and second transmission loss are determined based on this channel.

[0080] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the method further includes: before the test begins, measuring the full-link RF loss from the probe to the channel reconstruction device to the terminal using a vector network analyzer to obtain calibration coefficients; using a laser locator to verify the angular error of the normal of each probe relative to the center of the test quiet zone, ensuring that the error is no greater than 0.1°; and inputting the calibration coefficients and angular error correction data into the channel reconstruction device to compensate for the non-ideal characteristics of the system.

[0081] In this embodiment, before the test begins, a vector network analyzer is used to accurately measure the full-link RF loss from the probe to the channel reconstruction device to the terminal to obtain calibration coefficients. A laser positioning device is then used to perform high-precision verification of the angular deviation of each probe's normal relative to the center of the test quiet zone, ensuring that the angular error does not exceed 0.1°. The calibration coefficients and angular error correction data are then input into the channel reconstruction device to achieve dynamic compensation for the system's non-ideal characteristics. This effectively eliminates the mismatch between the target channel impulse response data and the actual air interface channel response caused by unknown RF link loss and probe pointing offset. This allows the channel characteristics loaded during the simulation to accurately match the real dynamic spatial relationship and channel evolution law between multiple terminals during the low-Earth orbit satellite overhead passage, significantly improving the ground laboratory's ability to reproduce the dynamic communication link between the satellite and the ground with high fidelity. Ultimately, this achieves high-precision and high-reliability simulation testing of the channel characteristics throughout the entire low-Earth orbit satellite overhead passage process.

[0082] Specifically, within the dome-shaped anechoic chamber, the channel between the satellite base station antenna under test and the probe can be equivalent to a line-of-sight (LOS) channel. For the base station payload with a small antenna size, the far-field condition is met between the base station antenna and the dome probe. In this case, a single probe can be used to simulate the location of a terminal, i.e. ,at this time, Degenerate into vector , Degenerate into loss coefficient , Degenerate into amplitude and phase control coefficients At this point, the channel between the base station antenna and the probe can be modeled using a far-field plane wave model. The probe receives signals from all antennas with the same amplitude and a linear phase change. Based on the user's angle information, a suitable probe is selected such that:

[0083] (9)

[0084] in, , Indicates the relationship between the base station antenna and the user The complex gain between the selected probes. From this, the design results of the channel reconstruction device can be obtained:

[0085] (10)

[0086] (11)

[0087] In a multi-probe dome-shaped anechoic chamber, the probe antennas are discretely arranged on the dome. Therefore, switching the probes can only simulate the discrete relative positions between the satellite base station and the probes.

[0088] When the size of the base station's payload antenna under test is large, the far-field condition between the base station antenna and the dome probe is no longer satisfied. In this case, the channel between the base station antenna and the probe can be modeled using a near-field spherical wave model, and a set of... By controlling the amplitude and phase of each probe and synthesizing the signals from multiple probes, the far-field array response vector in a near-field environment can be simulated. In other words, in near-field testing scenarios, a probe group consisting of multiple probes can be used. A channel reconstruction device dynamically calculates and loads specific amplitude and phase control coefficients, causing the spherical waves emitted by multiple probes to coherently superimpose at the satellite antenna array. This reconstructs an equivalent far-field planar wave characteristic on the satellite side, achieving high-fidelity simulation of near-field testing of large-aperture satellite antennas. The specific implementation process of the near-field conversion method (i.e., the far-field array response simulation mechanism in near-field scenarios) will not be elaborated here. You can refer to relevant patent applications, such as CN202311408359.8, a near-field test method for antenna arrays; CN201810092664.3, a near-field test method for reconstructing the far-field radiation pattern of an antenna array in the radiation near-field region; CN202410103768.5, an ultra-wideband plane wave antenna, a test system with the ultra-wideband plane wave antenna, and a test method; CN202510349081.4, a sparse array large plane wave generator for OTA testing; WirelessCable Testing for MIMO Radios: A Compact and Cost-Effective 5G RadioPerformance Test Solution.

[0089] Through steps S102 to S108, based on the second number of time slices within the overhead transit time window, probe groups corresponding one-to-one with each time slice are precisely determined from the first number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The corresponding probe groups are then activated sequentially according to the time sequence of each time slice, thereby dynamically simulating the continuous spatial position changes between the tested satellite base station and multiple user terminals during the low-Earth orbit satellite overhead transit in a ground-based laboratory environment. Simultaneously, target channel impulse response data that strictly matches the spatial position at the corresponding overhead transit time is loaded onto each activated probe group. Based on this data, the signal interaction between the tested satellite base station and the probe groups is precisely controlled. This study achieves synchronous reproduction of channel characteristics in a real communication link between satellites and terminals. Through the synergistic effect of time-series activation of probe groups and precise loading of channel impulse response data, it fully restores the key physical characteristics such as dynamic relative motion, channel fading, multipath effect, and delay spread during the overhead transit of low-Earth orbit satellites. This effectively overcomes the technical bottleneck that testing methods in related technologies cannot simulate the dynamic spatial relationship and associated channel characteristics between satellites and multiple terminals in a high-fidelity ground environment. Ultimately, it achieves comprehensive, stable, and reproducible laboratory verification of low-Earth orbit satellite communication links in a real overhead transit scenario, significantly improving the accuracy and engineering practicality of satellite communication system testing.

[0090] According to an embodiment of this application, a system embodiment for implementing the above-described satellite communication test processing method is also provided. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite communication test processing system according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the aforementioned satellite communication test processing system includes:

[0091] A dome-shaped anechoic chamber 502, wherein the dome-shaped anechoic chamber 502 is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure;

[0092] The first number of probes 504 are distributed inside the dome-shaped dark room;

[0093] Channel reconstruction device 506 is used in any of the above-mentioned satellite communication test processing methods.

[0094] The multiple terminals 500 used in this system can be simulated using a terminal simulator. Multiple integrated probes are deployed on the top and side walls of a dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The position of a user terminal is simulated by synthesizing the signals from one probe or a first set of probes. The dynamic switching of the probe group simulates the relative positional changes between the satellite and the user terminal when a low-Earth orbit satellite passes overhead. All probes are connected to a channel reconstruction device, which supports dynamic switching of probe groups and channel data generation. The channel reconstruction device is also connected to the terminal simulator. This system achieves high-fidelity reproduction of the link between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals by dynamically activating probe groups matched to spatial positions within each time slice of the overhead time window in the spherical dome anechoic chamber and loading corresponding measured channel impulse response data. This improves the realism of the link simulation between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals, thus solving the technical problem that related technologies cannot accurately simulate the link characteristics between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals during satellite communication testing.

[0095] In one optional embodiment, the antenna normals of the first number of probes are all pointed to the center of the test quiet zone in the dome-shaped dark chamber, which is used to simulate the relative spatial position between the satellite base station under test and the terminal; the center of the test quiet zone is used to place the satellite base station under test, and the physical center of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test coincides with the center of the test quiet zone.

[0096] In this embodiment, by pointing the antenna normals of a first number of probes to the center of the test quiet zone in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber, and precisely aligning the physical center of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test with the center of the test quiet zone, the radiation direction of the probes is always kept in a fixed spatial alignment with the center of the satellite base station under test. This creates a geometric configuration in the ground laboratory environment that is consistent with the actual dynamic relative position of the low-orbit satellite during its overhead transit. This achieves high-fidelity simulation of the spatial azimuth, elevation, and distance changes between the satellite base station and the multi-user terminals, effectively overcoming the beam pointing deviation and channel characteristic distortion caused by the spatial misalignment of the probes and the base station. Ultimately, this achieves the technical effect of accurately reproducing the dynamic channel characteristics of the satellite communication link in a controlled environment, significantly improving the fidelity and verification accuracy of the ground test for the real satellite-to-ground communication scenario.

[0097] In one optional embodiment, the channel reconstruction device may include a first channel simulator, which includes multiple channels, each corresponding to a first number of probes. These channels are used to activate corresponding probe groups by switching between the multiple channels, and to send corresponding amplitude and phase control coefficients to the corresponding probes via the multiple channels to control and adjust the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes. Alternatively, the channel reconstruction device may include a second channel simulator, a switching matrix, and an amplitude and phase network. The switching matrix is ​​used to activate corresponding probe groups based on probe selection control signals output by the second channel simulator, and the amplitude and phase network is used to control and adjust the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes based on the amplitude and phase control coefficients output by the second channel simulator.

[0098] In this embodiment, the channel reconstruction device constructs a complete path for dynamic control and signal modulation of the probe group by introducing a powerful first channel simulator, or simultaneously introducing specific hardware components such as a relatively simple second channel simulator, a switching matrix, and an amplitude-phase network. Specifically, the first channel simulator contains multiple channels, which establish a one-to-one mapping relationship with a first number of probes distributed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. This one-to-one correspondence allows each probe to be independently addressed and controlled. Through its internal channel switching logic, the first channel simulator can accurately select and activate the corresponding probe group, and send specific amplitude-phase control coefficients to the probe through the selected channel, thereby adjusting the amplitude and phase of the transmitted or received signal of the probe in real time to simulate the Doppler frequency shift and signal attenuation caused by the relative high-speed motion between the satellite and the terminal. Alternatively, the probe selection control signal output from the second channel simulator drives a switching matrix, which physically connects or disconnects the circuit connections of corresponding probes to activate the corresponding probe group. Simultaneously, the amplitude and phase control coefficients output from the second channel simulator drive an amplitude and phase network, which precisely adjusts the gain and phase of the signal. This collaborative approach, where the switching matrix handles path switching and the amplitude and phase network handles signal shaping, enables rapid dynamic switching of probe groups and precise control of signal parameters. Through this architecture, in a laboratory environment, without moving physical equipment, and solely through iterative updates of control signals, a highly realistic reconstruction of the multi-user dynamic communication channel during high-speed passage of a low-Earth orbit satellite can be achieved at the center of the test quiet zone. This effectively solves the problem of difficulty in simulating high-speed motion scenarios and the complexity of multi-beam scheduling in related technologies, significantly improving the efficiency and sufficiency of satellite base station system-level testing.

[0099] In one optional embodiment, the first channel simulator is a first type of simulator or a plurality of second type of channel simulators connected in parallel. The number of channels of the first type of simulator is greater than or equal to the number of a first number of probes, and the number of channels of the second type of channel simulator is less than the number of the first number of probes.

[0100] In this embodiment, when the first channel simulator contains multiple channels, it can be flexibly configured as a single first-type simulator or multiple second-type channel simulators connected in parallel, with the number of channels of the first-type simulator being greater than or equal to the total number of probes and the number of channels of the second-type simulator being less than the total number of probes. This supports two deployment methods: a single high-channel-count channel simulator (covering all user terminals) or multiple low-channel-count channel simulators connected in parallel (each corresponding to one or more user terminals), flexibly matching the needs of multi-user testing. Therefore, when the number of probes is large, multiple Type II simulators can be connected in parallel to share the channel load, effectively alleviating the system expansion bottleneck caused by insufficient channel capacity of a single device, while reducing the procurement and deployment costs of high-channel-count simulators. When the number of probes is moderate, a single Type I simulator is used to simplify the architecture and improve control efficiency. Combined with the spatial alignment relationship between the probe and the test quiet zone center, it is ensured that the channel characteristics reconstructed by multiple probes can still simulate the dynamic relative position and channel changes during the low-orbit satellite overhead process with high fidelity. This breaks through the technical limitations of poor scalability and high cost caused by the rigid architecture of the channel simulator, and realizes efficient, flexible, low-cost and high-fidelity reproduction of satellite-terminal dynamic channels in a ground laboratory environment.

[0101] In one alternative embodiment, a first number of probes each integrate a transceiver antenna and a transceiver radio frequency link, wherein each probe supports independently transmitting and receiving signals.

[0102] In this embodiment, each of the first number of probes integrates a transceiver antenna and a transceiver radio frequency link, enabling each probe to independently transmit and receive signals without relying on external transceiver units. Combined with the dome-shaped anechoic chamber's support for the spatial distribution of multiple probes and the channel reconstruction equipment's dynamic collaborative control of the probes, the signal loss, delay accumulation, and collaborative response lag caused by external link cascading are effectively eliminated. This significantly improves the probe's real-time response capability and channel characteristic reconstruction accuracy to the dynamic relative motion of multiple user terminals during the low-orbit satellite's overhead passage. Thus, high-fidelity simulation of dynamic channel changes between satellites and multiple terminals is achieved in a ground laboratory environment, thereby realizing the construction of an efficient, stable, and high-precision satellite communication channel testing environment.

[0103] Optionally, each probe also includes its own front-end processing module. The front-end processing module refers to a digital signal processing unit used to digitally sample, extract channel parameters, and perform amplitude and phase pre-compensation on the analog signals output from the transceiver RF link, so as to realize probe-level localized channel preprocessing and control command response.

[0104] In one optional embodiment, the system further includes a standard gain horn antenna for electromagnetic environment calibration at the center of the test quiet zone to measure the quiet zone reflection level of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber and verify whether it meets the preset electromagnetic purity requirements. The standard gain horn antenna is a calibrated horn antenna with a preset gain value, and the center of the test quiet zone is used to place the satellite base station under test.

[0105] In this embodiment, a calibrated standard gain horn antenna with a preset gain value is set at the center of the test quiet zone to pre-calibrate the electromagnetic environment inside the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The reflection level of the quiet zone is directly measured, and the known gain characteristics of the antenna are used to verify whether the anechoic chamber meets the preset electromagnetic purity requirements. This ensures that there is no significant reflection interference in the test environment before the satellite base station under test is placed, effectively avoiding channel measurement distortion and test result deviation caused by the substandard electromagnetic characteristics of the anechoic chamber, and improving the accuracy, repeatability, and engineering reliability of satellite communication testing.

[0106] The satellite communication test and processing system set up in this embodiment, by deploying multiple integrated transceiver probes in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber and working in conjunction with channel reconstruction equipment and a multi-terminal simulator, can achieve high-fidelity reproduction of multi-user scenarios during the overhead transit of low-Earth orbit satellites. The dome spherical structure, combined with the probe normal pointing to the center of the quiet zone, ensures 180° full-domain airspace coverage in both horizontal and vertical directions, eliminating the test blind spots of traditional planar or cylindrical anechoic chambers. The channel reconstruction equipment dynamically activates the corresponding probe group sequentially according to the second number of time slices within the overhead transit time window, and synchronously loads the matching spatial location channel impulse response data, so that the communication link between the tested satellite base station and multiple terminals accurately matches the actual on-orbit environment in terms of Doppler frequency shift, propagation delay, path loss, and multipath characteristics. The system supports concurrent testing of dozens to thousands of users, with each terminal channel being independently controllable, effectively verifying the satellite base station's multi-beam scheduling, resource allocation, and anti-interference capabilities. At the same time, standardized calibration and a reflection-free test environment ensure the repeatability and consistency of test results, significantly improving the system-level verification efficiency of satellite communication payloads in the research and development stage.

[0107] Based on the above embodiments and optional embodiments, this application proposes an optional implementation method for a satellite communication test processing system. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an optional satellite communication test processing system architecture according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the system deploys multiple integrated probes (such as...) on the top and side walls of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. Figure 6The system uses red and blue markers (red markers indicate the currently active probe group, and yellow markers indicate the radiation range of the satellite base station). Each probe integrates a transceiver antenna, a transceiver RF link, and a front-end processing module. The satellite base station under test is placed in the central area at the bottom of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber (i.e., the center of the test quiet zone). The position of a user terminal is simulated by synthesizing signals from one probe or a first set of probes. The relative position change between the satellite and the user terminal when the low-Earth orbit satellite passes overhead is simulated by dynamically switching the probe group. All probes are connected to a channel reconstruction device, which performs two main functions: dynamic switching of the probe group and generation of channel data. The channel reconstruction device is also connected to a terminal simulator. Specifically, the system mainly includes core components such as a dome-shaped anechoic chamber, a channel reconstruction device, a satellite base station, and a test terminal, among which:

[0108] The dome-shaped anechoic chamber uses a dome-shaped structure as its framework, with its inner walls entirely covered with high-absorption-performance absorbing materials to create a non-reflective or low-reflective electromagnetic testing environment. Numerous probe mounting points are evenly distributed across the dome and side walls of the anechoic chamber. Each mounting point houses an integrated probe, each probe integrating a transceiver antenna, a transceiver RF link, and a front-end processing module. The normals of all probe antennas are precisely pointed to the center of the test quiet zone, ensuring that the radiated signal is focused on the satellite base station under test. A single probe can simulate the location of a terminal, or a set of probes can be combined through a channel to simulate the location of a terminal. The test quiet zone is defined at the center of the bottom of the anechoic chamber, with the center point of the quiet zone equidistant from all probes (i.e., the probes are distributed on the same sphere centered on the quiet zone), ensuring consistent transmission paths from each probe to the device under test. The probe density must at least satisfy the requirement that "the angle between adjacent probes and the center of the quiet zone ≤ the minimum beamwidth of the satellite antenna under test" (for example, when the satellite antenna has a 3dB beamwidth of 5°, the angle between probes can be set to 2°, 1°, or even lower).

[0109] The channel reconstruction equipment is used to dynamically switch probe groups and generate channel data. This equipment has the following functions: It can be implemented using a multi-channel channel simulator, or a combination of a channel simulator, a switching matrix, and an amplitude-phase network. It supports dynamically selecting any group of probes from all probes for activation, and can quickly switch or change the amplitude-phase of the activated probe group according to the test scenario (e.g., satellite overhead, beam switching, user access / departure), while ensuring low loss and high isolation of the RF link. The dynamic switching of probe groups simulates the change in the relative position between the satellite base station and the user terminal when the satellite base station is overhead. Probe selection can be implemented in several ways: a fully digital channel simulator (fully digital, fully connected architecture, one digital channel for each probe) achieves dynamic probe switching through digital signal switching; or probe selection can be achieved through a switching matrix, an amplitude-phase network, or a combination of both, with dynamic probe switching achieved through switch switching and amplitude-phase changes. The channel simulator supports two input modes: 3GPP CDL / TDL parameters or instantaneous channel impulse response data (e.g., the original channel propagation matrix obtained from actual measurement or simulation). When statistical channel parameters are input, the channel simulator can dynamically generate parameters such as path loss, Doppler shift, delay spread, shadowing fading, and multipath power delay spectrum (PDP) based on the real-time relative position of the satellite and the terminal during satellite overhead, thereby generating channel impulse response data for each user. The channel simulator can also directly input instantaneous channel impulse response data for each user. The channel reconstruction equipment supports offline file loading and output, meaning that it pre-calculates and stores the probe group coefficients and channel impulse response data for each time slot according to the test scenario, test mode, parameter configuration, and test time; during testing, it reads the probe group coefficients and channel impulse response data in chronological order and outputs them. This channel reconstruction equipment supports two deployment methods: a single high-channel-count channel simulator (covering all users), or multiple low-channel-count channel simulators connected in parallel (each corresponding to one or more user terminals), flexibly matching multi-user testing needs.

[0110] The satellite base station under test is deployed in the test quiet zone, and the physical center of its antenna array coincides with the center point of the quiet zone. The normal of the antenna array is along the direction of the dome normal (facing upwards).

[0111] The test terminal can be implemented through a terminal simulator and connected to the channel simulator via radio frequency conduction. It can simulate concurrent access scenarios of multiple user terminals. The number of terminals corresponds to the number of user channels in the channel simulator, and it supports simultaneous testing of the communication performance (such as throughput and bit error rate) of multiple users.

[0112] It should be noted that in this application Figure 5 to Figure 6 The specific structure of the satellite communication test processing system shown is merely illustrative. In practical applications, the satellite communication test processing system in this application can be more advanced than... Figure 5 to Figure 6The satellite communication test processing system shown has more or less structure.

[0113] It should be noted that any optional or preferred satellite communication test processing method in the above method embodiments can be executed or implemented in the satellite communication test processing system provided in this embodiment.

[0114] Furthermore, it should be noted that the optional or preferred implementation methods of this embodiment can be found in the relevant descriptions in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0115] Satellite mobile communication is crucial for achieving global coverage and all-scenario mobile information services, and is a significant focus of sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems. In recent years, massive constellation projects in related technologies have driven a new wave of development of low-Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation networks. With the rapid development of satellite internet technology, the new interconnection model of direct satellite connection between terminal devices (such as mobile phones) has gradually become a focus of attention, possessing enormous industrial application prospects. Direct satellite connection allows terminal devices to communicate directly with satellite base stations, providing satellite internet services to a wide range of consumers.

[0116] Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication channels suffer from large transmission delays, significant Doppler shifts, and high dynamic characteristics, posing substantial challenges to the development and application of satellite communication technology. Therefore, conducting comprehensive, high-fidelity satellite communication tests is a crucial step for successful application. Early and most current communication satellites employ a transparent relay architecture, with onboard antennas being a vital and primary component, and satellite payload testing primarily revolving around these antennas. However, in recent years, satellite communication technology has undergone a transformation, with satellite payloads increasingly adopting onboard processing solutions. Currently, a complete testing system for satellite communication payloads with this architecture lacks a comprehensive and systematic testing method to evaluate their performance during research and development and application. While on-orbit testing provides the most realistic testing environment, its high deployment costs and lengthy testing cycles limit its practical application. Therefore, an efficient and high-fidelity testing method is needed to effectively shorten the research and development cycle of satellite products and accelerate the development of my country's satellite internet industry.

[0117] Currently, ground testing of satellite communication systems relies on traditional microwave anechoic chamber testing. This involves covering the chamber with absorbing materials to reduce electromagnetic wave reflection and interference, creating a relatively clean electromagnetic testing environment. Microwave anechoic chambers in related technologies primarily test satellite payload antennas, including performance indicators such as antenna pattern, gain, beamwidth, sidelobe level, and polarization characteristics. However, with the development of satellite communication technology, satellite payloads are increasingly adopting on-board processing solutions, possessing complete base station functions. The microwave anechoic chamber testing methods in related technologies are insufficient for system-level testing of satellites with this architecture; generally, only single or a small number of terminals are tested. This makes it impossible to achieve system-level testing of satellite base stations and multiple user terminals, and it also cannot simulate the dynamic characteristics of low-Earth orbit satellites. Furthermore, the limited quiet zone and angle range within microwave anechoic chambers in related technologies make it difficult to test the complete coverage area of ​​the satellite.

[0118] Furthermore, current field testing of satellite payloads is limited by site conditions, selecting only a small number of beams and terminals for functional verification, covering basic communication functions such as access and transmission, as well as beam scanning and switching functions. Due to insufficient ground testing, more problems are often exposed after the satellite payload is launched into orbit, leading to greater challenges in on-orbit testing. Especially when the satellite base station is operating in a multi-beam configuration, numerous failures are prone to occur during the on-orbit testing phase due to insufficient testing and verification in the ground phase. On-orbit testing of satellite base stations also suffers from problems such as short overhead time, long testing cycles, high technical risks, and difficulty in reproducing fault phenomena, further resulting in extremely low on-orbit testing efficiency.

[0119] To address the aforementioned problems, based on the above embodiments and optional embodiments, this application proposes an optional implementation method. Figure 7 This is a flowchart of an optional satellite communication test processing method according to an embodiment of this application. This method can be applied to, for example... Figure 6 The system architecture shown is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the method includes:

[0120] S1, Test input parameter configuration, including:

[0121] S11, Test configuration: satellite orbital parameters (such as orbital type, orbital altitude, overpass time window), number of test terminals, and test terminal locations;

[0122] S12, System parameters: carrier frequency, test duration, beamwidth of satellite base station antenna, etc.

[0123] S13, Channel Data: Select the input method, input statistical channel parameters (such as 3GPP CDL / TDL satellite channel model) or instantaneous channel impulse response data (such as the original channel propagation matrix obtained by actual measurement / simulation).

[0124] S2, Test system calibration, including:

[0125] S21, RF link loss / gain calibration: At the target carrier frequency, the insertion loss, probe antenna gain, and anechoic chamber absorbing material reflection loss of the entire link "probe → channel reconstruction device → terminal" are measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA), and the calibration coefficients of each link are recorded.

[0126] S22, Probe angle calibration: Use a laser positioning device to verify whether the normal of each probe is accurately pointing to the center of the test quiet zone, and ensure that the angle error between the probe and the quiet zone is ≤0.1° (to avoid beam pointing deviation).

[0127] S23, Quiet Zone Performance Verification: Place a standard gain horn antenna at the center of the test quiet zone and measure the quiet zone reflection level in the anechoic chamber to ensure there is no reflection interference.

[0128] S3, pre-configured test scenarios, including:

[0129] S31, Time Slot Division: Based on the time window of satellite overhead (such as the overhead duration of LEO satellites), time slots are divided according to the time resolution of dynamic channel changes, and a time slot sequence is generated;

[0130] S32, Probe Group Index Allocation: For each time slice, based on the real-time relative position of the satellite and the terminal, select the probe group for the corresponding angle region, generate and store the probe activation index table for each time slice;

[0131] S33, Channel Data Generation: If statistical channel parameters are input, the path loss, Doppler, and time delay parameters are dynamically calculated based on the satellite-terminal position of each time slot to generate the channel propagation matrix of each terminal; if instantaneous channel data is input, the original channel impulse response is mapped to the probe group of the corresponding time slot to generate the channel impulse response data of each terminal, which is synchronously stored in the channel simulator.

[0132] S4, the test execution process, includes:

[0133] S41, Probe Group Dynamic Switching: The channel reconstruction device activates the corresponding probe groups in sequence according to the time slot index table to ensure that the probe pointing in each time slot matches the real-time angle of the satellite-terminal.

[0134] S42, Channel Data Loading: The channel simulator reads the channel data for the corresponding time slice and superimposes channel fading (path loss, multipath, Doppler, etc.) onto the input uplink or downlink signal.

[0135] S43, Air Interface Signal Interaction: The activated probe and the satellite base station antenna in the test quiet zone realize air interface signal transmission and reception, reproducing the actual communication link between the satellite and the terminal;

[0136] S44, Test Data Acquisition: Real-time recording of performance indicators such as the satellite base station's transmit power, the terminal's receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), throughput, and bit error rate, and correlated to the corresponding time slice.

[0137] S5, post-test processing and analysis, including:

[0138] S51, Data Integration: Integrate the performance data of each time slice according to the satellite overpass time axis to form a complete test dataset;

[0139] S52, Results Analysis: Compare the communication performance of the satellite at different overhead phases (such as near the zenith and low elevation angle) to verify whether the functions and performance indicators of the satellite base station meet the design requirements, such as beam and capability, multi-user scheduling, system throughput, etc.

[0140] S53, System Reset: Shuts down the probe RF link, channel simulator, and terminal equipment, completing the restoration of the anechoic chamber environment.

[0141] The method in this embodiment can achieve at least one of the following effects: 1) Full-space angular coverage: Adapting to the large-angle testing requirements of satellite antennas: It achieves deep adaptation between the dome spherical probe array layout and the satellite communication scenario, breaking through the angular coverage limitations of traditional planar / cylindrical anechoic chambers. By making the probes spherically distributed and with their normals pointing to the center of the test quiet zone, it achieves 180° full-space coverage of the device under test in both horizontal and vertical dimensions, and can completely reproduce the communication scenario of all beams pointing to the satellite antenna, avoiding the angular coverage blind spots of traditional planar probe layouts. 2) High-fidelity reproduction of dynamic channels and beam tracking: Through millisecond-level dynamic switching of the probe group, the dynamic scenario of "rapid change of relative angle between satellite and terminal" during the overhead passage of a low-orbit satellite can be accurately simulated; the channel simulator can synchronously follow the satellite overhead trajectory and adjust parameters such as path loss, Doppler frequency shift, and multipath delay in real time to reproduce the time-varying characteristics of the satellite channel (such as the high-speed Doppler effect of LEO satellites and path loss fluctuations caused by elevation angle changes), and the test results are closer to the actual on-orbit communication environment. 3) High flexibility in reproducing user terminal distribution scenarios: By flexibly configuring and activating probe groups, different user terminal distribution methods can be simulated, including uniform distribution, random distribution, and local hotspot distribution. This flexibly adapts to different user distributions and service characteristics in satellite communication, and the channel characteristics of each user are independently controllable. 4) Multi-user terminal concurrent testing capability, supporting system-level performance verification: By simultaneously activating multiple probe groups corresponding to different test terminals, it supports concurrent communication testing of dozens to hundreds of users, directly verifying the system-level performance of satellite base stations such as multi-user scheduling, beamforming, and resource allocation (e.g., multi-user throughput, interference suppression capability). This breaks through the bottleneck of traditional satellite testing being limited to single users or a small number of users, and supports system-level multi-user scheduling and transmission performance verification of satellite base stations. 5) High accuracy of channel simulation, matching satellite communication channel characteristics: It supports the input of satellite statistical channel parameters (such as 3GPP statistical channel models) and instantaneous channel impulse response data (such as raw channel data obtained from actual measurement or simulation), and can reproduce satellite channel characteristics such as Doppler, propagation delay, atmospheric attenuation, rain attenuation, shadowing, and multipath with high fidelity. 6) Dual improvement in testing efficiency and repeatability: The communication scenario of the satellite's full overhead cycle can be reproduced in the laboratory environment without the need for actual satellite on-orbit cooperation, which greatly shortens the testing cycle; at the same time, the non-reflective environment of the anechoic chamber and the standardized calibration process can ensure that the test results of different batches and different times have strong repeatability, which facilitates the iterative optimization and performance comparison of satellite base stations.

[0142] This embodiment also provides a satellite communication test processing apparatus for implementing the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the terms "module" and "apparatus" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0143] According to an embodiment of this application, an apparatus embodiment for implementing the above-described satellite communication test processing method is also provided. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication test processing device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the aforementioned satellite communication test processing device includes: a probe group determination module 800, a probe group dynamic activation module 802, a data loading module 804, and an interactive control module 806, wherein:

[0144] The probe group determination module 800 is used to determine a second number of probe groups from a first number of probes deployed in the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The second number of probe groups correspond one-to-one with a second number of time slices of the satellite base station under test within a top-over time window. The top-over time window is a continuous time period during which the signal coverage area of ​​the simulated satellite base station enters the test area where multiple terminals are located and completely leaves the test area. The dome-shaped anechoic chamber is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure. The satellite base station under test is located at the center of the test quiet zone of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The antennas of the first number of probes all point normally to the satellite base station under test.

[0145] The probe group dynamic activation module 802 is connected to the probe group determination module 800 and is used to activate the corresponding probe group sequentially according to the second number of time slices to simulate multiple terminals whose relative positions with the tested satellite base station change continuously.

[0146] The data loading module 804 is connected to the probe group dynamic activation module 802 and is used to load the corresponding target channel impulse response data for the activated probe group, wherein the target channel impulse response data matches the spatial position of the activated probe group in the corresponding time slice.

[0147] The interactive control module 806, connected to the data loading module 804, is used to control and acquire the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group based on the target channel impulse response data, so as to simulate and test the actual communication link between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal.

[0148] It should be noted that the above modules can be implemented by software or hardware. For example, for the latter, it can be implemented in the following ways: the above modules can be located in the same processor; or the above modules can be located in different processors in any combination.

[0149] It should be noted that the probe group determination module 800, probe group dynamic activation module 802, data loading module 804, and interactive control module 806 mentioned above correspond to steps S102 to S108 in the embodiments. The instances and application scenarios implemented by the above modules and corresponding steps are the same, but are not limited to the content disclosed in the above embodiments. It should be noted that the above modules, as part of the device, can run on a computer terminal.

[0150] It should be noted that the optional or preferred implementation methods of this embodiment can be found in the relevant descriptions in the embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0151] The aforementioned satellite communication test processing device may also include a processor and a memory. The aforementioned probe group determination module 800, probe group dynamic activation module 802, data loading module 804, interactive control module 806, etc., are all stored in the memory as program modules, and the processor executes the aforementioned program modules stored in the memory to realize the corresponding functions.

[0152] The processor contains a core that retrieves the corresponding program modules from memory. One or more cores may be configured. Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0153] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a non-volatile storage medium is also provided. Optionally, in this embodiment, the non-volatile storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is running, it controls the device containing the non-volatile storage medium to execute any of the satellite communication test processing methods described above.

[0154] Optionally, in this embodiment, the non-volatile storage medium may be located in any computer terminal in a group of computer terminals in a computer network, or in any mobile terminal in a group of mobile terminals, and the non-volatile storage medium includes stored programs.

[0155] Optionally, a program that controls the device containing the non-volatile storage medium to execute any of the satellite communication test processing steps described above during program execution.

[0156] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a processor is also provided. Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor is used to run a program, wherein the program executes any of the satellite communication test processing methods described above.

[0157] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a computer program product is also provided, which, when executed on a data processing device, is adapted to execute a program that initializes the satellite communication test processing method steps described above.

[0158] This application provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of any of the above-described satellite communication test processing methods.

[0159] The order of the embodiments described above is merely for illustrative purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0160] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0161] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of modules described above can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between modules, and may be electrical or other forms.

[0162] The modules described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Similarly, the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0163] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0164] If the aforementioned integrated modules are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable non-volatile storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a non-volatile storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned non-volatile storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0165] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A satellite communication test processing method, characterized in that, include: A second number of probe groups are determined from a first number of probes deployed in a dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The second number of probe groups correspond one-to-one with a second number of time slices of the satellite base station under test within a top-over time window. The top-over time window is a continuous time period that simulates the signal coverage area of ​​the satellite base station under test from entering the test area where multiple terminals are located to completely leaving the test area. The dome-shaped anechoic chamber is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure. The satellite base station under test is located at the center of the test quiet zone of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber. The antennas of the first number of probes all point normally to the satellite base station under test. According to the second number of time slices, the corresponding probe groups are activated sequentially to simulate the multiple terminals whose relative positions with the tested satellite base station change continuously; Load the corresponding target channel impulse response data for the activated probe group, wherein the target channel impulse response data matches the spatial position of the activated probe group in the corresponding time slice; Based on the target channel impulse response data, the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group is controlled and acquired to simulate and test the data communication between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first number of probes, the included angle between two adjacent probes is less than or equal to the preset minimum beamwidth of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test, wherein the included angle between two adjacent probes is with the center of the test quiet zone as the vertex.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of a second set of probes from a first set of probes deployed in the dome-shaped darkroom includes: Determine the relative position of the test terminal and the satellite base station under test in any time slot, wherein the test terminal is the terminal observed by the satellite base station under test in any time slot; Based on the relative positions, determine any probe group from the first number of probes; The second number of probe groups corresponding to the second number of time slices are obtained by using the method of obtaining any of the probe groups.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining any probe group based on the relative position includes: The electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics of the satellite base station under test in any time slice are determined, wherein the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics are used to indicate the electromagnetic wave propagation state between the antenna array and the probe of the satellite base station under test, and the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics include: near-field region and far-field region; Based on the characteristics of the electromagnetic field propagation region, determine the number of probes included in any probe group; Based on the relative position and the number of probes, the group of probes is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the electromagnetic field propagation region characteristics of the measured satellite base station in any time slice includes: The physical dimensions of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test, the communication frequency of the antenna of the satellite base station under test, and the distances between the first number of probes and the center of the test quiet zone are obtained. Based on the physical dimensions, the communication frequency, and the distance, the characteristics of the electromagnetic field propagation region are determined.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the case that each of the second number of probe groups includes multiple probes, the step of sequentially activating the corresponding probe groups according to the second number of time slices to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the tested satellite base station and the multiple terminals includes: The second number of time slices are sequentially used as the current time slice, and the following operations are repeated until the last time slice of the second number of time slices is reached: When the probe group corresponding to the current time slice is activated, the amplitude and phase control coefficients of each probe in the activated probe group are changed to simulate the continuous change in the relative position between the satellite base station under test and the multiple terminals. The amplitude and phase control coefficients are used to control the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The step of controlling and acquiring the signal interaction between the tested satellite base station and the activated probe group based on the target channel impulse response data to simulate and test the data communication between the tested satellite base station and the corresponding terminal includes: Based on the target channel impulse response data, the amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel responses of each probe in the activated probe group are determined. The amplitude and phase control coefficients are used to control the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes, and the reconstructed channel responses are used to indicate the multipath channel response between the tested satellite base station and the terminal in the corresponding time slice of the activated probe group. Based on their respective amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel responses, the signal interaction between the satellite base station under test and the activated probe group is controlled and acquired to simulate and test the data communication between the satellite base station under test and the corresponding terminal.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of determining the amplitude and phase control coefficients and reconstructed channel response for each probe within the activated probe group based on the target channel impulse response data includes: Based on the target channel impulse response data, the target terminal multipath channel response and the target satellite-side array response are determined. The target terminal multipath channel response is used to indicate the channel characteristics formed by terminal-side multipath scattering in the target channel impulse response data, and the target satellite-side array response is used to indicate the array response characteristics of the test terminal relative to the antenna array of the tested satellite base station. The channel propagation matrix between the activated probe group and the satellite base station under test is determined, the first transmission loss between the probes included in the activated probe group and the channel simulator, and the second transmission loss between the channel simulator and the terminal corresponding to the activated probe group are determined. Based on the target satellite-side array response, the channel propagation matrix, and the first transmission loss, determine the amplitude and phase control coefficients corresponding to each probe included in the activated probe group; Based on the target terminal multipath channel response and the second transmission loss, the reconstructed channel response in the channel simulator is determined.

9. A satellite communication test processing system, characterized in that, include: A dome-shaped anechoic chamber, wherein the dome-shaped anechoic chamber is an electromagnetic anechoic chamber with a spherical or hemispherical structure; A first number of probes are distributed inside the dome-shaped dark room; A channel reconstruction device, the channel reconstruction device being used to perform the satellite communication test processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The antenna normals of the first number of probes are used to simulate the relative spatial position between the satellite base station under test and the terminal; the test quiet zone center is used to place the satellite base station under test, and the physical center of the antenna array of the satellite base station under test coincides with the test quiet zone center.

11. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The channel reconstruction device includes a first channel simulator, which includes multiple channels, each corresponding to a first number of probes. These channels are used to activate corresponding probe groups through switching control of the multiple channels, and to send corresponding amplitude and phase control coefficients to the corresponding probes through the multiple channels to control and adjust the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probes; or The channel reconstruction device includes a second channel simulator, a switch matrix, and an amplitude-phase network. The switch matrix is ​​used to control the activation of the corresponding probe group according to the probe selection control signal output by the second channel simulator. The amplitude-phase network is used to control and adjust the amplitude and phase of the corresponding probe according to the amplitude-phase control coefficient output by the second channel simulator.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first channel simulator is either a first-type simulator or multiple second-type channel simulators connected in parallel. The number of channels of the first-type simulator is greater than or equal to the number of the first number of probes, and the number of channels of the second-type channel simulator is less than the number of the first number of probes.

13. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes a standard gain horn antenna for electromagnetic environment calibration at the center of the test quiet zone, to measure the quiet zone reflection level of the dome-shaped anechoic chamber and verify whether it meets the preset electromagnetic purity requirements. The standard gain horn antenna is a calibrated horn antenna with a preset gain value, and the center of the test quiet zone is used to place the satellite base station under test.

14. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that, The non-volatile storage medium stores multiple instructions, which are adapted to be loaded by a processor and executed by the satellite communication test processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes one or more processors and a memory, the memory being used to store one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement the satellite communication test processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

16. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the satellite communication test processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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