Stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash and friction stir welding machine head

Abstract

The utility model discloses a stirring needle assembly and a friction stir welding machine head capable of eliminating flash, the stirring needle assembly comprises a mounting base, a stirring needle driving shaft, a stirring head shaft shoulder and a stirring needle, the mounting base is provided with a cutter mounting sleeve which extends downwards and an elastic element which is used for enabling the cutter mounting sleeve to have a downward moving trend; the lower part of the cutter mounting sleeve is provided with the flash cutters, and as the flash is generated on the two sides of the stirring head shaft shoulder, the flash formed by a welded part can be cut off on line by arranging one or more static flash cutters in the circumferential direction of the stirring head shaft shoulder and utilizing the relative movement of the stirring head shaft shoulder and the flash cutters, so that the structure is extremely compact; a large amount of installation space is reserved behind the stirring needle assembly for extension of other functions; in addition, all the trimming cutters can conduct follow-up vertical floating adjustment in a self-adaptive mode under the action of the surface of the welded piece and the elastic element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash and a friction stir welding machine head. Background Art

[0002] Friction stir welding uses the heat generated by the friction between the high-speed rotating welding tool and the workpiece to partially melt the material to be welded. When the welding tool moves forward along the welding interface, the plasticized material flows from the front to the back of the welding tool under the action of the rotating friction force of the welding tool, and forms a dense solid phase weld under the extrusion of the welding tool.

[0003] At present, after welding is completed, flash is easily generated on both sides of the shaft shoulder. Therefore, after welding is completed, the flash generated by the welded parts needs to be removed offline, which affects the production efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, please refer to Chinese patent CN215545775U. The applicant in this case has designed a post-weld cleaning tool for friction stir welding, which uses a special cleaning tool arranged behind the stirring head to clean the flash generated by the welded parts online during welding, eliminating the impact on production efficiency.

[0005] However, the applicant found in actual application that due to the size limitation of the stirring head base, after installing the above-mentioned special cleaning tool, there is no space to expand other functions behind the stirring head, such as the post-welding intelligent detection function. At the same time, the lifting and lowering adjustment of the above-mentioned special cleaning tool can only be performed after the machine is stopped, which is not suitable for welded parts with curved surfaces or certain surface changes.

[0006] Solving the above problems has become a top priority. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems that the existing post-stir friction welding cleaning tool occupies a large installation space of the stirring head base, making it difficult to expand other functions on the stirring head base, and the special cleaning tool cannot be adaptively raised and lowered, the utility model provides a stirring needle assembly and a stir friction welding head that can eliminate flash.

[0008] The technical solution is as follows:

[0009] The first aspect of the present application relates to a stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash, comprising a mounting base, a stirring needle drive shaft mounted on the mounting base so as to be relatively rotatable, a stirring head shoulder coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end of the stirring needle drive shaft, and a stirring needle coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end of the stirring head shoulder, the mounting base being provided with a downwardly extending tool mounting sleeve and an elastic element for causing the tool mounting sleeve to have a downward movement tendency, the lower part of the tool mounting sleeve being provided with at least one flash tool arranged circumferentially along the stirring head shoulder, the cutting edge of the outer end of each flash tool extending axially along the stirring head shoulder, and the spacing between the cutting edge and the circumferential outer wall of the stirring head shoulder is less than or equal to 0.2 mm, and the bottom surface of each flash tool is flush with the bottom surface of the stirring head shoulder.

[0010] The above-mentioned stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash is adopted. Since the flash is generated on both sides of the stirring head shoulder, one or more stationary flash tools are arranged in the circumferential direction of the stirring head shoulder. By utilizing the relative movement between the stirring head shoulder and each flash tool, the flash formed on the welded part can be cut off online. The overall structure is completely integrated around the stirring head shoulder. The structure is extremely compact, leaving a large amount of installation space behind the stirring needle assembly for the expansion of other functions. Moreover, each flash tool can adaptively perform follow-up floating adjustment up and down under the action of the welded part surface and the elastic element. It is suitable for welded parts with planar structures as well as welded parts with curved surfaces or certain surface changes, and at the same time improves the effect of flash removal.

[0011] In some embodiments, there are two flash tools, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stirring head shoulder. The cutting edge of one flash tool is the outer edge of the outer end face of the flash tool on the side of the clockwise rotation direction relative to the stirring head shoulder, and the cutting edge of the other flash tool is the outer edge of the outer end face of the flash tool on the side of the counterclockwise rotation direction relative to the stirring head shoulder.

[0012] In some embodiments, the outer edge of the outer end surface of the flash tool away from the cutting edge is rounded.

[0013] The second aspect of the present application relates to a friction stir welding head, including a stirring head base and the above-mentioned stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash, the stirring head base including a mounting base and a mounting plate extending upward from one side of the mounting base, the mounting base is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting base, the stirring needle drive shaft passes through the mounting base upward, and a motor is mounted on the mounting plate, and the motor shaft of the motor drives the stirring needle drive shaft to rotate through a belt.

[0014] The above friction stir welding machine head has a compact structure, is simple and reliable.

[0015] In some embodiments, the mounting base has a tool sleeve mounting hole that is compatible with the tool mounting sleeve, and the hole wall of the tool sleeve mounting hole has an annular groove extending from the middle to the upper end surface, the upper part of the tool mounting sleeve can be inserted into the tool sleeve mounting hole in a lifting manner, and the upper end of the tool mounting sleeve protrudes radially outward to form an annular slide that is compatible with the annular groove, and the annular slide slides along the annular groove, and the elastic element is a reset spring, and the upper and lower ends of the reset spring are elastically supported on the mounting base and the annular slide respectively.

[0016] In some embodiments, the mounting base is locked on the mounting base by a plurality of screws.

[0017] In some embodiments, a front self-tightening mechanism is installed vertically downward on the mounting base and is located directly in front of the stirring needle. The front self-tightening mechanism includes a self-tightening wheel mounting and adjustment assembly installed on the mounting base so as to be able to be raised and lowered, and a self-tightening wheel is rotatably installed at the lower end of the self-tightening wheel mounting and adjustment assembly. The self-tightening wheel is located directly in front of the stirring needle, and the rotation axis of the self-tightening wheel extends to both sides of the stirring needle and is perpendicular to the forward direction of the stirring needle. The middle part of the self-tightening wheel is reduced in diameter to form a process groove with an annular structure. The groove walls on both sides of the process groove are two clamping action surfaces arranged in a mirror image. The two clamping action surfaces are both conical structures or partial spherical structures, and the distance between the two clamping action surfaces gradually increases from the bottom of the process groove to the groove mouth.

[0018] In some embodiments, the self-tensioning wheel mounting and adjustment assembly includes a mounting rod and two adjusting nuts, the mounting rod includes a screw portion and a self-tensioning wheel mounting seat formed at the lower end of the screw portion, the mounting base is provided with a screw mounting hole adapted to the screw portion, the screw portion can be vertically inserted into the screw mounting hole so as to be raised or lowered, the two adjusting nuts are both threadably matched with the screw portion, and are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the screw mounting hole, the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat is an "n"-shaped structure adapted to the self-tensioning wheel, the self-tensioning wheel can be rotatably mounted on the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat, and protrudes downward from the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat.

[0019] In some embodiments, a pre-weld weld detection assembly is provided at the bottom of the mounting base, and the pre-weld weld detection assembly includes a gap detection sensor installed at the bottom of the mounting base through a sensor bracket, and the gap detection sensor is located between the self-tightening wheel and the stirring needle, and the detection direction of the gap detection sensor is downward.

[0020] In some embodiments, a post-weld surface detection assembly is provided at the bottom of the mounting base, and the post-weld surface detection assembly includes a visual detection camera installed at the bottom of the mounting base through a camera bracket, and the visual detection camera is located on the side of the stirring needle away from the self-tightening wheel, and the detection direction of the visual detection camera is downward. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the matching relationship between the friction stir welding head and the welded part;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the friction stir welding machine head;

[0023] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a stirring needle assembly;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool mounting sleeve;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the matching relationship between the two flash tools. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0027] like Figure 2-Figure 5 As shown, a stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash mainly includes a mounting base 24, a stirring needle drive shaft 22, a stirring head shoulder 23 and a stirring needle 21, wherein the stirring needle drive shaft 22 can be relatively rotatably mounted on the mounting base 24, the stirring head shoulder 23 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end of the stirring needle drive shaft 22, and the stirring needle 21 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end of the stirring head shoulder 23.

[0028] In this embodiment, a tool mounting sleeve 25 extending downward and an elastic element 26 for making the tool mounting sleeve 25 have a downward movement tendency are mounted on the mounting base 24, that is, the elastic element 26 acts on the tool mounting sleeve 25, so that the tool mounting sleeve 25 has a downward movement tendency. The lower part of the tool mounting sleeve 25 is provided with at least one flash tool 27 arranged circumferentially along the stirring head shoulder 23, and the cutting edge 271 at the outer end of each flash tool 27 extends axially along the stirring head shoulder 23, and each flash tool 27 is in contact (fitted) with the circumferential outer wall of the stirring head shoulder 23 or maintains a small gap, and the width of the small gap is less than or equal to 0.2mm, so as to ensure the effect of flash removal, and at the same time, the bottom surface of each flash tool 27 is flush with the bottom surface of the stirring head shoulder 23.

[0029] Therefore, since the flash is generated on both sides of the stirring head shoulder 23, by arranging one or more stationary flash cutters 27 in the circumferential direction of the stirring head shoulder 23, the flash formed on the weldment A can be cut off online by utilizing the relative movement between the stirring head shoulder 23 and each flash cutter 27. The overall structure is completely integrated around the stirring head shoulder 23 and is extremely compact, leaving a large amount of installation space behind the stirring needle assembly 2 for expanding other functions; and each flash cutter 27 can adaptively perform follow-up floating adjustment up and down under the action of the surface of the weldment A and the elastic element 26, which is suitable for both the weldment A with a planar structure and the weldment A with a curved surface or a certain surface change, while also improving the effect of flash removal.

[0030] Furthermore, the flash cutters 27 of this embodiment are preferably two, and the two flash cutters 27 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mixing head shoulder 23. The cutting edge 271 of one flash cutter 27 is the outer edge of one side of the outer end face of the flash cutter 27 relative to the clockwise rotation direction of the mixing head shoulder 23, and the cutting edge 271 of the other flash cutter 27 is the outer edge of one side of the outer end face of the flash cutter 27 relative to the counterclockwise rotation direction of the mixing head shoulder 23, that is: the cutting edges 271 of the two flash cutters 27 are respectively located at different side edges of the outer ends, no matter whether the mixing head shoulder 23 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, there is always a cutting edge 271 of the flash cutter 27 that can efficiently remove the flash online.

[0031] Furthermore, the outer edge of the outer end surface of the flash cutter 27 away from the cutting edge is rounded 272 to facilitate efficient chip removal while removing the flash.

[0032] In this embodiment, the flash cutter 27 is preferably made of tool steel, which is easy to process and ensures that the cutting edge 271 remains sharp and durable.

[0033] In this embodiment, the lower end of the tool mounting sleeve 25 has a tool mounting rib 252 which is respectively adapted to the corresponding burr tool 27. Each tool mounting rib 252 extends downward. At the same time, a screw hole 253 is provided at the lower end of each tool mounting rib 252. Each burr tool 27 is locked in the corresponding screw hole 253 by a fastening screw, which is simple and reliable.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 3A friction stir welding machine head includes a stirring head base 1 and the above-mentioned stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash. The stirring head base 1 includes a mounting base 11 and a mounting plate 12 extending upward from one side of the mounting base 11. The mounting base 24 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting base 11. The stirring needle drive shaft 22 passes through the mounting base 11 upward. A motor 6 is mounted on the mounting plate 12. The motor shaft 61 of the motor 6 drives the stirring needle drive shaft 22 to rotate through a belt 7. The structure is compact, simple and reliable. It should be pointed out that the cooperation between the motor shaft 61 and the stirring needle drive shaft 22 can also be achieved by gear transmission.

[0035] The mounting base 24 is provided with a tool sleeve mounting hole 241 which is compatible with the tool mounting sleeve 25. The hole wall of the tool sleeve mounting hole 241 is provided with an annular groove 242 which extends from the middle to the upper end surface. The upper part of the tool mounting sleeve 25 can be inserted into the tool sleeve mounting hole 241 for lifting and lowering, and the upper end of the tool mounting sleeve 25 protrudes radially outward to form an annular slide 251 which is compatible with the annular groove 242. The annular slide 251 slides along the annular groove 242. The elastic element 26 is a reset spring. The upper and lower ends of the reset spring are elastically supported on the mounting base 11 and the annular slide 251 respectively, which not only ensures the smoothness and stability of the lifting and lowering of the tool mounting sleeve 25, but also can reliably limit the lifting and lowering of the tool mounting sleeve 25.

[0036] In this embodiment, the mounting base 24 is locked on the mounting base 11 by a plurality of screws 28, which is simple and reliable.

[0037] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a front self-tightening mechanism 3 is installed on the mounting base 11 and extends vertically downward, and is located directly in front of the stirring needle assembly 2. The front self-tightening mechanism 3 includes a self-tightening wheel installation and adjustment assembly installed on the mounting base 11 so as to be able to be raised and lowered, and a self-tightening wheel 31 is rotatably installed at the lower end of the self-tightening wheel installation and adjustment assembly.

[0038] The self-tightening wheel 31 is located in front of the stirring needle 21 of the stirring needle assembly 2, and the rotation axis of the self-tightening wheel 31 extends to both sides of the stirring needle 21 and is perpendicular to the forward direction of the stirring needle 21, that is, when the overall running direction of the self-tightening and self-checking friction stir welding machine head is taken as the front, the rotation axis of the self-tightening wheel 31 extends to the left and right directions. The middle part of the self-tightening wheel 31 is reduced in diameter to form a process groove 311 with an annular structure. The process groove 311 is adapted to the two process bosses A2 of the welded part A. The groove walls on both sides of the process groove 311 are two clamping action surfaces 311a set in mirror image. The two clamping action surfaces 311a are respectively supported on the side away from the two process bosses A2, and the two clamping action surfaces 311a are both conical structures or partial spherical structures, and the distance between the two clamping action surfaces 311a gradually increases from the bottom of the process groove 311 to the groove mouth.

[0039] Therefore, the two process bosses A2 of the welded part A can be clamped by the two clamping surfaces 311a of the self-tightening wheel 31. Not only is the operation extremely simple, but the two clamping surfaces 311a of the self-tightening wheel 31 only need to be supported on the sides of the two process bosses A2 away from each other at the beginning to achieve clamping, thereby improving welding efficiency. Moreover, since the two clamping surfaces 311a are both conical structures or partial spherical structures, they are suitable for process bosses A2 of different widths and heights, and have good versatility. At the same time, the front self-tightening mechanism has a simple structure and is less expensive than special clamps that usually need to be used in multiple sets at a time, thereby reducing production costs.

[0040] The self-tensioning wheel installation and adjustment assembly includes a mounting rod 32 and two adjusting nuts 33. The mounting rod 32 includes a screw portion 321 and a self-tensioning wheel mounting seat 322 formed at the lower end of the screw portion 321. A screw mounting hole compatible with the screw portion 321 is opened on the mounting base 11. The screw portion 321 can be vertically inserted into the screw mounting hole so as to be lifted or lowered. The two adjusting nuts 33 are both threadedly matched with the screw portion 321 and are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the screw mounting hole. Therefore, by adjusting the positions of the two adjusting nuts 33 on the screw portion 321, the position of the screw portion 321 in the screw mounting hole can be adjusted, thereby driving the lifting and lowering of the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat 322, thereby realizing the adjustment of the installation height of the self-tensioning wheel 31, which is simple and reliable.

[0041] In this embodiment, the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat 322 is an "n"-shaped structure adapted to the self-tensioning wheel 31. The self-tensioning wheel 31 can be rotatably mounted on the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat 322 and protrude downward from the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat 322. The structure is simple, reliable, and easy to assemble.

[0042] Furthermore, the self-tensioning wheel 31 has a connecting shaft 312 coaxial with its rotating axis. Both ends of the connecting shaft 312 are rotatably mounted on the self-tensioning wheel mounting seat 322 through bearings, which not only ensures the reliability of the installation of the self-tensioning wheel 31, but also ensures the smoothness of the rotation of the self-tensioning wheel 31 to avoid the problem of sticking.

[0043] At present, before welding, it is necessary to use a plug gauge to check the width of the weld A1, which is not only inefficient but also has safety issues. Figure 2 The bottom of the stirring head base 1 is provided with a pre-welding weld detection assembly 4, which includes a gap detection sensor 41 installed at the bottom of the stirring head base 1 through a sensor bracket 42. The gap detection sensor 41 is located between the self-tightening wheel 31 and the stirring needle 21, and the detection direction of the gap detection sensor 41 is downward. The gap detection sensor 41 is used to check the width of the weld A1 after the self-tightening wheel 31 is clamped. When an out-of-tolerance value is detected, the system alarms and notifies the operator to adjust the installation parameters of the corresponding self-tightening wheel 31, thereby ensuring the reliability of subsequent welding quality, improving the detection efficiency, and eliminating safety risks.

[0044] Furthermore, the gap detection sensor 41 preferably adopts the Omron laser gap detection sensor ZX-LT010, which has high detection efficiency and high detection accuracy. It should be pointed out that the gap detection sensor 41 can also adopt a visual detection camera.

[0045] At present, after welding is completed, it is necessary to perform offline inspection on the surface quality of the weld A1. In the present embodiment, a post-weld surface inspection component 5 is provided at the bottom of the stirring head base 1. The post-weld surface inspection component 5 includes a visual inspection camera 51 installed at the bottom of the stirring head base 1 through a camera bracket 52. The visual inspection camera 51 is located on the side of the stirring needle 21 away from the self-tightening wheel 31, and the inspection direction of the visual inspection camera 51 is downward. The surface quality of the weld A1 after welding is completed is inspected by visual inspection method, which not only saves a process and improves processing efficiency, but also has high inspection accuracy.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can make a variety of similar expressions without violating the purpose and claims of the present invention, and such changes fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash, comprising a mounting base (24), a stirring needle drive shaft (22) mounted on the mounting base (24) so ​​as to be relatively rotatable, a stirring head shaft shoulder (23) coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end of the stirring needle drive shaft (22), and a stirring needle (21) coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end of the stirring head shaft shoulder (23), characterized in that: The mounting base (24) is provided with a tool mounting sleeve (25) extending downward and an elastic element (26) for causing the tool mounting sleeve (25) to have a downward movement tendency. The lower part of the tool mounting sleeve (25) is provided with at least one flash tool (27) arranged circumferentially along the stirring head shoulder (23). The cutting edge (271) at the outer end of each flash tool (27) extends axially along the stirring head shoulder (23), and the distance between the flash tool (27) and the circumferential outer wall of the stirring head shoulder (23) is less than or equal to 0.2 mm, and the bottom surface of each flash tool (27) is flush with the bottom surface of the stirring head shoulder (23).

2. A stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two flash cutters (27) in total. The two flash cutters (27) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stirring head shaft shoulder (23). The cutting edge (271) of one flash cutter (27) is the outer edge of the outer end face of the flash cutter (27) on one side in the clockwise rotation direction relative to the stirring head shaft shoulder (23), and the cutting edge (271) of the other flash cutter (27) is the outer edge of the outer end face of the flash cutter (27) on one side in the counterclockwise rotation direction relative to the stirring head shaft shoulder (23).

3. A stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer edge of the outer end surface of the flash tool (27) on one side away from the cutting edge is rounded (272).

4. A friction stir welding head, characterized in that: It comprises a stirring head base (1) and a stirring needle assembly capable of eliminating flash according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stirring head base (1) comprises a mounting base (11) and a mounting plate (12) extending upward from one side of the mounting base (11), the mounting base (24) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting base (11), the stirring needle drive shaft (22) passes through the mounting base (11) upward, and a motor (6) is mounted on the mounting plate (12), and the motor shaft (61) of the motor (6) drives the stirring needle drive shaft (22) to rotate via a belt (7).

5. The friction stir welding head according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting base (24) is provided with a tool sleeve mounting hole (241) matched with the tool mounting sleeve (25); the hole wall of the tool sleeve mounting hole (241) is provided with an annular groove (242) extending from the middle to the upper end surface; the upper part of the tool mounting sleeve (25) can be inserted into the tool sleeve mounting hole (241) in a lifting manner; and the upper end of the tool mounting sleeve (25) protrudes radially outward to form an annular slide (251) matched with the annular groove (242); the annular slide (251) slides along the annular groove (242); the elastic element (26) is a reset spring, and the upper and lower ends of the reset spring are elastically supported on the mounting base (11) and the annular slide (251) respectively.

6. The friction stir welding head according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting base (24) is locked on the mounting base (11) by means of a plurality of screws (28).

7. The friction stir welding head according to claim 4, characterized in that: A front self-tightening mechanism (3) located directly in front of the stirring needle (21) is installed on the installation base (11) in a vertically downwardly extending manner. The front self-tightening mechanism (3) includes a self-tightening wheel installation and adjustment component installed on the installation base (11) so as to be able to be raised and lowered, and a self-tightening wheel (31) installed at the lower end of the self-tightening wheel installation and adjustment component so as to be able to be rotatably installed. The self-tightening wheel (31) is located directly in front of the stirring needle (21), and the rotation axis of the self-tightening wheel (31) extends to both sides of the stirring needle (21) and is perpendicular to the forward direction of the stirring needle (21). The middle part of the self-tightening wheel (31) is reduced in diameter to form a process groove (311) with an annular structure. The groove walls on both sides of the process groove (311) are two clamping action surfaces (311a) arranged in a mirror image. The two clamping action surfaces (311a) are both conical structures or partial spherical structures, and the distance between the two clamping action surfaces (311a) gradually increases from the groove bottom of the process groove (311) to the groove mouth.

8. The friction stir welding head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The self-tensioning wheel installation and adjustment assembly comprises a mounting rod (32) and two adjustment nuts (33); the mounting rod (32) comprises a screw portion (321) and a self-tensioning wheel installation seat (322) formed at the lower end of the screw portion (321); a screw mounting hole matched with the screw portion (321) is provided on the mounting base (11); the screw portion (321) can be vertically inserted into the screw mounting hole in a lifting manner; the two adjustment nuts (33) are both threadedly matched with the screw portion (321) and are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the screw mounting hole; the self-tensioning wheel installation seat (322) is an "n"-shaped structure matched with the self-tensioning wheel (31); the self-tensioning wheel (31) can be rotatably mounted on the self-tensioning wheel installation seat (322) and protrude downward from the self-tensioning wheel installation seat (322).

9. The friction stir welding head according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pre-weld weld detection assembly (4) is provided at the bottom of the mounting base (11), and the pre-weld weld detection assembly (4) comprises a gap detection sensor (41) mounted on the bottom of the mounting base (11) via a sensor bracket (42), the gap detection sensor (41) being located between the self-tightening wheel (31) and the stirring needle (21), and the detection direction of the gap detection sensor (41) is downward.

10. The friction stir welding head according to claim 7, characterized in that: A post-weld surface detection assembly (5) is provided at the bottom of the mounting base (11), and the post-weld surface detection assembly (5) comprises a visual detection camera (51) mounted at the bottom of the mounting base (11) via a camera bracket (52), wherein the visual detection camera (51) is located on a side of the stirring needle (21) away from the self-tightening wheel (31), and the detection direction of the visual detection camera (51) faces downward.

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