Complex stratum exploration adit supporting structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a complex stratum exploration adit supporting structure, relates to the technical field of adit body supporting, solves the problems in the prior art, and comprises side edge supporting assemblies which are respectively arranged on two side walls of an adit in a supporting mode. The top supporting assembly is arranged on the top wall of the adit, and the two ends of the top supporting assembly are connected with the side edge supporting assemblies correspondingly; the transverse supporting assembly is arranged on the bottom wall of the adit, one end of the transverse supporting assembly is connected with one side supporting assembly, and the other end of the transverse supporting assembly is connected with the other side supporting assembly; and the forepoling assembly is arranged in the top supporting assembly and the top wall of the adit and used for bearing downward pressure generated above the inner top wall of the adit in advance in the tunneling process. Compared with the prior art, the supporting device has the advantages that the supporting is safe and reliable, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of cave support, in particular to a complex stratum exploration flat cave support structure. Background Art

[0002] A flat tunnel is a horizontal passage with a direct exit to the ground that is dug when mining in mines, mine shafts, water conservancy and hydropower surveys, etc. It is used to transport ore, materials, personnel, and for ventilation and drainage. Small flat tunnels can also be dug for prospecting.

[0003] In recent years, as the scope of hydropower development has become wider and wider, the geological conditions have become more complex, and the construction of exploration flat tunnels has been increasingly affected by geological conditions. When constructing in an accumulation body, in order to ensure the safety of the tunnel construction while excavating and prevent the flat tunnel from collapsing, support is generally carried out in the tunnel. However, in many cases, if support is required to be stable and safe, it will take a lot of time, which will lead to slow support progress and ultimately delay the overall construction progress. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to design a complex stratum exploration flat tunnel support structure, which has the advantages of safe and reliable support while improving construction efficiency.

[0005] The utility model is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A complex stratum exploration adit support structure, comprising:

[0007] Side support components, one set is provided on each side wall of the flat hole;

[0008] A top support assembly is arranged on the top wall of the flat hole, and two ends of the top support assembly are respectively connected to a group of the side support assemblies;

[0009] A transverse support assembly is arranged on the bottom wall of the flat hole, and one end of the transverse support assembly is connected to one group of the side support assemblies, and the other end is connected to another group of the side support assemblies;

[0010] The advance support assembly is installed in the top support assembly and the top wall of the horizontal tunnel. It is used to pre-bear the downward pressure generated above the inner top wall of the horizontal tunnel during the excavation process and provide working time for the installation of the support structure.

[0011] Optionally, the side support assembly includes:

[0012] A column, wherein the lower end of the column abuts against the inner bottom wall of the flat hole, and the side surface of the column abuts against the inner side wall of the flat hole, and the column gradually inclines toward the center of the plane of the flat hole from bottom to top;

[0013] The first connecting portion is installed on the top of the column and is used to connect with the top supporting assembly.

[0014] Optionally, the top support assembly includes:

[0015] A top beam, the top beam is transversely arranged above the two groups of top support components, and both ends of the top beam abut against the inner side wall of the flat hole, and the upper side surface abuts against the inner top wall of the flat hole;

[0016] The second connecting portion is installed on the lower side surface of the top beam close to the end portion, and the second connecting portion is used to connect with the first connecting portion.

[0017] Optionally, an offset portion is provided between the second connection portion and the top beam. After the second connection portion is connected to the offset portion, the bottom surface of the second connection portion is inclined toward the inner wall of the flat hole, and the bottom surface of the second connection portion is directly aligned with the top surface of the first connection portion.

[0018] Optionally, the lateral support assembly includes a locking foot ground beam whose two ends are respectively connected to a group of the side support assemblies, the locking foot ground beam is arranged parallel to the top support assembly, and the length of the locking foot ground beam is greater than the length of the top support assembly.

[0019] Optionally, the advance support assembly includes a self-advancing anchor rod, and a plurality of the anchor rods are slidably penetrated along the length direction of the top beam, and the plurality of the anchor rods extend to the inside of the inner top wall of the flat tunnel in the excavation direction of the flat tunnel.

[0020] Optionally, during the process of the anchor rod obliquely drilling upward from the top beam to the inner top wall of the flat hole, the angle formed by the length direction of the anchor rod and the inner top wall surface of the flat hole is 10° to 15°.

[0021] Optionally, a plurality of drilling holes are formed on the top beam along the length direction of the top beam, the drilling holes are used for anchor rods to pass through, and the length direction of the drilling holes is inclined to extend upward; and / or,

[0022] The inner diameter of the drilled hole is greater than the outer diameter of the anchor rod.

[0023] Optionally, a steel mesh is connected between adjacent side support assemblies; and / or,

[0024] A steel mesh is connected between adjacent top support components.

[0025] The utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0026] The practice of a certain flat tunnel exploration project has proved that the support structure and excavation method are simple and effective, with low cost, high safety and convenience, and have improved construction progress. It has effectively avoided accidental injuries to workers in the tunnel due to landslides, falling rocks, etc. during the flat tunnel excavation process. The entire flat tunnel construction process achieved "zero casualties", providing a new safe and convenient construction idea for accumulation exploration flat tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a partial schematic diagram for showing a single supporting structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in .

[0031] The markings in the figure are:

[0032] 100, side support assembly; 110, column; 120, first connection part; 200, top support assembly; 210, top beam; 211, offset part; 212, prefabricated drill hole; 220, second connection part; 300, lateral support assembly; 310, locking foot beam; 400, advance support assembly; 410, anchor rod; 510, steel mesh. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the technical solution of the utility model will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0034] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] A complex stratum exploration adit support structure has the advantages of safe and reliable support and improved construction efficiency, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it is particularly configured as follows:

[0037] It includes a side support assembly 100, a top support assembly 200, a lateral support assembly 300 and an advance support assembly 400; wherein, the side support assembly 100 is provided with two groups, each group is respectively provided at the inner side wall of the flat tunnel, and the side support assembly 100 can support the inner side wall of the flat tunnel, and can effectively prevent the inner side wall of the flat tunnel from collapsing. The top support assembly 200 is provided on the top wall of the flat tunnel, and the two ends of the top support assembly 200 are respectively connected to a group of side support assemblies 100, that is, the top support assembly 200 can support the inner top wall of the flat tunnel and bear the pressure above the flat tunnel. The lateral support assembly 300 is provided on the bottom wall of the flat tunnel, and one end of the lateral support assembly 300 is connected to one group of side support assemblies 100, and the other end is connected to another group of side support assemblies 100. The lateral support assembly 300 can prevent the side support assembly 100 from moving toward the center side of the flat tunnel when the side of the flat tunnel collapses, thereby improving the stability of the flat tunnel support. The advance support assembly 400 is arranged between the top support assembly 200 and the top wall of the flat tunnel. The advance support assembly 400 is used to pre-bear the downward pressure generated above the inner top wall of the flat tunnel during the excavation process of the flat tunnel, thereby playing the role of shed protection and cantilever to prevent landslides, and also enables workers to safely perform support installation operations in the excavation space of the flat tunnel.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the side support assembly 100 includes a column 110 and a first connecting portion 120; wherein the lower end of the column 110 abuts against the inner bottom wall of the flat tunnel, and the side surface is attached to the inner wall of the flat tunnel. Exemplarily, the column 110 is made of I-beam, and the length of the column 110 is determined according to the hole height; and in order to improve the stability of the flat tunnel after excavation, the inner wall of the flat tunnel is excavated into an inclined shape during excavation, that is, the inner wall of the flat tunnel gradually tilts from bottom to top toward the plane center of the flat tunnel, and the cross-section of the flat tunnel is trapezoidal. Similarly, in order to adapt to the shape of the flat tunnel, the column 110 also gradually tilts from bottom to top toward the plane center of the flat tunnel, and the side wall of the column 110 is always in a state of attachment to the inner wall of the flat tunnel. The first connecting portion 120 is installed on the top wall of the column 110, and the first connecting portion 120 is used to connect with the top support assembly 200. Exemplarily, the first connection portion 120 is configured as a steel plate welded to the top of the column 110 , and the plate shape of the steel plate can be rectangular or circular, so as to facilitate connection with other components.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the top support assembly 200 includes a top beam 210 and a second connection portion 220; wherein the top beam 210 is transversely arranged above the two groups of top support assemblies 200. Exemplarily, the axial shape of the top beam 210 can be an arch or a straight line. In order to adapt to the shape of the flat hole in the present application, the top beam 210 in the present embodiment adopts a straight line model, and the top beam 210 is also made of I-beam. The second connection portion 220 is installed on the lower side of the top beam 210 close to its own end, and the second connection portion 220 is used to connect with the first connection portion 120. Exemplarily, the second connection portion 220 is also configured as a steel plate welded to the top beam 210, and the shape of the second connection portion 220 is adapted to the shape of the first connection portion 120.

[0040] In a further technical solution, an offset portion 211 is provided between the second connection portion 220 and the top beam 210. Exemplarily, the offset portion 211 is configured to be welded to a steel plate below the top beam 210 near its own end, and the second connection portion 220 is directly welded to the offset portion 211. Furthermore, in order to allow the second connection portion 220 to face the first connection portion 120, the bottom surface of the second connection portion 220 is tilted toward the inner wall of the flat hole, so that the first connection portion 120 and the second connection portion 220 can be directly aligned with each other. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the first connection portion 120 and the second connection portion 220 are both configured as rectangular steel plates, and pre-formed holes are correspondingly opened on the two steel plates that face each other, and connecting bolts are threadedly penetrated between the pre-formed holes that face each other. In some other embodiments, the first connection portion 120 and the second connection portion 220 can be directly welded together when facing each other.

[0041] like Figure 2 , 3As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the lateral support assembly 300 includes a locking foot beam 310, and the two ends of the locking foot beam 310 are respectively connected to a column 110. Exemplarily, the locking foot beam 310 is made of I-beam or channel steel, and a ground groove with a length matching the locking foot beam 310 is transversely opened on the inner bottom wall of the flat hole, and the locking foot beam 310 is placed in the ground groove, and the end of the locking foot beam 310 is connected to the column foot part of the column 110 by welding or bolting. After such a setting, it can effectively prevent the side collapse of the flat hole from causing the column 110 to move inward, thereby improving the support stability of the flat hole.

[0042] On this basis, during construction, the top beam 210 is first pushed to fit the inner top wall of the flat tunnel by hydraulic supports, and then a foot pit is artificially excavated at the lower end of the inner wall of the flat tunnel for the column 110 to be lowered. After the column 110 is fixed in the foot pit, the column 110 is immediately connected and fixed to the top beam 210 to form a stable "door" shaped arch frame, and finally the hydraulic support is removed.

[0043] In a further technical solution, the advance support assembly 400 includes an anchor rod 410, and a plurality of anchor rods 410 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the top beam 210, and the anchor rod 410 extends to the inner top wall of the flat hole in the excavation direction of the flat hole. Exemplarily, the anchor rod 410 is configured as a self-propelled anchor rod 410, and when installing the anchor rod 410, a disposable drill bit is connected to the end of the anchor rod 410, so that the drill rod part of the handheld rock drill is coaxially connected to the anchor rod 410, and then the anchor rod 410 is drilled into the inner top wall of the flat hole through the top beam 210. It is worth noting that during the process of the anchor rod 410 drilling obliquely upward from the top beam 210 to the inner top wall of the flat hole, the angle formed by the length direction of the anchor rod 410 and the inner top wall surface of the flat hole is 10° to 15°. In this way, when the anchor rod 410 is drilled, the front end of the anchor rod 410 will not be exposed when the flat hole continues to be excavated inward, so that the anchor rod 410 will not fall off. Moreover, after multiple anchor rods 410 are obliquely drilled into the top of the inner top wall of the flat tunnel, when the flat tunnel is excavated or blasted, the anchor rods 410 located above the inner wall of the flat tunnel can play a role of protection and cantilever, which can prevent landslides to a certain extent, allowing workers to have time and safely carry out support installation.

[0044] In this embodiment, a plurality of drilling holes 212 are formed on the top beam 210 along the length direction of the top beam 210, and the drilling holes 212 are used for the anchor rods 410 to pass through. For example, the length direction of the drilling holes 212 is inclined upward, and the inclination angle is also 10° to 15°, so that the anchor rods 410 can be inserted into the drilling holes 212 to meet the installation requirements; and / or, the inner diameter of the drilling holes 212 is larger than the outer diameter of the anchor rods 410, which makes it more convenient for workers to insert the anchor rods 410 into the drilling holes 212. Moreover, since the diameters of the anchor rods 410 on site are often different, setting the inner diameter of the drilling holes 212 larger can facilitate the adaptive insertion of more different types of anchor rods 410.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, a steel mesh 510 is connected between adjacent side support assemblies 100, that is, a steel mesh 510 is connected between two adjacent columns 110 on the same side wall; and / or, a steel mesh 510 is also connected between adjacent top support assemblies 200, that is, a steel mesh 510 is connected between the top outer sides of two adjacent top beams 210. Exemplarily, the steel mesh 510 is made by welding threaded steel bars with a diameter of 15 mm, so as to shield the collapsed rocks on the inner top wall and inner side wall of the flat hole, and prevent the collapsed rocks from falling into the flat hole. At the same time, the steel mesh 510 also provides a visualization window for stratum cataloging.

[0046] On this basis, since the main purpose of exploring the flat tunnel is to check the geological conditions of the rock strata, the rock strata cannot be covered. Therefore, an extra layer of steel mesh with a pore size of about 2 cm is added to the outside of the steel mesh 510 on the inner top wall and inner side wall of the flat tunnel in areas where groundwater is exposed and where the strata are broken into small pieces. The steel mesh can be made of round steel.

[0047] The above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure, characterized in that: include: A set of side support components (100) is provided on both side walls of the flat hole; A top support assembly (200) is arranged on the top wall of the flat hole, and two ends of the top support assembly (200) are respectively connected to a group of the side support assemblies (100); A transverse support component (300) is arranged on the bottom wall of the flat hole, and one end of the transverse support component (300) is connected to one group of the side support components (100), and the other end is connected to another group of the side support components (100); The advance support assembly (400) is arranged inside the top support assembly (200) and the top wall of the flat tunnel, and is used to bear the downward pressure generated above the inner top wall of the flat tunnel in advance during the excavation process, and to provide working time for the installation of the support structure.

2. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side support assembly (100) comprises: A column (110), wherein the lower end of the column (110) is in contact with the inner bottom wall of the flat hole, and the side surface is in contact with the inner side wall of the flat hole, and the column (110) is gradually inclined toward the center of the plane of the flat hole from bottom to top; The first connection portion (120) is installed on the top of the column (110) and is used to be connected to the top support assembly (200).

3. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top support assembly (200) comprises: A top beam (210), the top beam (210) being transversely arranged above the two groups of top support assemblies (200), and both ends of the top beam (210) being in contact with the inner side wall of the flat hole, and the upper side surface being in contact with the inner top wall of the flat hole; The second connecting portion (220) is installed on the lower side surface of the top beam (210) close to the end portion, and the second connecting portion (220) is used to connect with the first connecting portion (120).

4. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: An offset portion (211) is provided between the second connecting portion (220) and the top beam (210); after the second connecting portion (220) is connected to the offset portion (211), the bottom surface of the second connecting portion (220) is inclined toward the inner wall of the flat hole, and the bottom surface of the second connecting portion (220) is aligned with the top surface of the first connecting portion (120).

5. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The lateral support assembly (300) comprises a locking foot beam (310) whose two ends are respectively connected to a group of the side support assemblies (100); the locking foot beam (310) is arranged in parallel with the top support assembly (200), and the length of the locking foot beam (310) is greater than the length of the top support assembly (200).

6. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that: The advanced support assembly (400) comprises anchor rods (410), a plurality of anchor rods (410) are slidably penetrated along the length direction of the top beam (210), and the plurality of anchor rods (410) extend to the inside of the inner top wall of the flat tunnel in the excavation direction of the flat tunnel.

7. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the process of the anchor rod (410) obliquely drilling upward from the top beam (210) to the inner top wall of the flat hole, the angle formed by the length direction of the anchor rod (410) and the inner top wall surface of the flat hole is 10° to 15°.

8. The complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to claim 7 is characterized by: A plurality of drilling holes (212) are formed on the top beam (210) along the length direction of the top beam (210), the drilling holes (212) are used for the anchor rods (410) to pass through, and the length direction of the drilling holes (212) is inclined and extends upward; and / or, The inner diameter of the drilling hole (212) is greater than the outer diameter of the anchor rod (410).

9. A complex stratum exploration adit support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A steel mesh (510) is connected between adjacent side support assemblies (100); and / or, A steel mesh (510) is connected between adjacent top support assemblies (200).

Images