Fireproof flame-retardant protection structure of battery module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fireproof flame-retardant protective structure of a battery module, the battery module is fixed in a module box body and is packaged by a battery pack upper cover, and battery monomers of the battery module are arranged at intervals through flame-retardant plates; a fireproof cover covers the battery module, fire extinguishing sheets capable of automatically releasing a fire extinguishing agent according to high temperature generated by combustion are arranged on the inner wall of the fireproof cover, and the fire extinguishing sheets are correspondingly distributed in a projection area of the battery monomers on the fireproof cover. According to the utility model, the flame-retardant plate and the fireproof cover are designed to the battery module packaging structure, so that the technical scheme is simpler and more convenient, the maintainability is higher, the overall safety and the performance stability of a battery system are improved, and the risk of battery explosion and combustion is effectively restrained in the initial stage by combining the active fireproof function of the fire extinguishing sheet; the problems of complexity, high maintenance cost and negative influence on battery performance of a traditional fireproof mode are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a fire-proof and flame-retardant protective structure for a battery module, belonging to a packaging protective structure for a new energy battery. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries under abnormal working conditions such as overcharge, over discharge, and low temperature may cause abnormalities in the battery system, release extremely high temperatures, and then cause fires. External fire extinguishing agents can only extinguish the fire outside the battery shell, and cannot enter the battery shell to block thermal runaway. Combustible gases can still be released from the battery shell, and the risk of re-ignition is high.

[0003] At present, the main effective ways to solve the fire inside the battery pack are:

[0004] 1. Use a water sprinkler system to extinguish fires. When the temperature sensor detects that the battery temperature exceeds the set safety threshold, the control system triggers the water pump to transport water to the sprinkler through the pipe to form a uniform water mist to cool and extinguish the fire. This method will have a negative impact on the overall performance and safety of the battery system while extinguishing the fire, affecting the performance and life of the battery. This method is very destructive to the battery and has gradually been eliminated by the new energy battery industry.

[0005] 2. Pipeline transport of fire extinguishing agents. By laying a complex infusion pipeline system in the battery pack, connecting to the vicinity of each battery cell and passing through the entire battery pack area, and combining with a temperature sensor to detect the battery temperature, once the temperature is detected to exceed the set threshold, the electronic control system will transport perfluorohexanone or aerosol and other fire extinguishing agents to the over-temperature area through the corresponding pipeline to extinguish potential fire sources, such as a perfluorohexanone electric bus power lithium-ion battery box fire prevention and control device disclosed in the Chinese patent application number CN201921065220.7. This method can solve the problem of internal fire in the battery, but the laying of a complex infusion pipeline system increases the complexity and maintenance cost of the system, and the pipeline system is easily affected by the external environment, mechanical damage or chemical corrosion, which may lead to aging failure and reduce the reliability of the system.

[0006] 3. Use heat dissipation structure or add heat dissipation materials to control the temperature of the battery cell to effectively reduce the overall temperature of the battery, thereby reducing the risk of fire. For example, a heat dissipation structure, such as a thermal conductive sheet, heat sink or heat pipe, is set around the battery cell to increase the heat conduction and heat dissipation efficiency, such as the high heat dissipation and fireproof lithium battery pack disclosed in the Chinese patent application number CN202222120400.9. At the same time, high thermal conductivity materials, such as aluminum or copper, are introduced for the manufacture of heat dissipation structures to improve the overall heat dissipation performance. However, in a high temperature environment, the heat dissipation structure or material may fail to effectively eliminate the dangerous temperature of the battery cell in a timely manner, increasing the potential risk of fire. However, this method has no way to control the burning fire once a fire occurs.

[0007] In summary, the above methods can extinguish fires in battery packs to a certain extent, but they are also accompanied by problems such as increased complexity and maintenance costs of the battery PACK, decreased battery performance and safety hazards. Moreover, these methods are all passive fire protection and need to rely on control systems. Utility Model Content

[0008] The technical problem solved by the utility model is: to provide an improved fire-proof and flame-retardant protection structure for battery modules in view of the limitations of the internal fire-proof structure of the existing new energy battery pack.

[0009] The utility model is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0010] The battery module fireproof and flame-retardant protection structure, the battery module 1 is fixed in the module box 3 and encapsulated by the battery pack upper cover 4, and the battery cells 11 of the battery module 1 are spaced apart by flame-retardant plates 12; a fireproof cover 2 is installed on the battery module 1, and the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2 is provided with a fire extinguishing sheet 21 which automatically releases a fire extinguishing agent according to the high temperature generated by combustion, and the fire extinguishing sheet 21 is distributed correspondingly in the projection area of ​​the battery cell 11 on the fireproof cover.

[0011] In the battery module fire-retardant protection structure of the present invention, further, the flame-retardant plate 12 is clamped between the battery cells 11 to separate the battery cells, and the battery module 1 is provided with an end plate 15 on the outer side of the outermost battery cell, and protective plates 16 are provided on both sides of the battery module 1 to fix the end plates at both ends to form a frame that covers the battery module from the side.

[0012] In the battery module fire-retardant protection structure of the present invention, preferably, the flame-retardant board 12 is made of rock wool board, ceramic fiber board or graphene composite material board.

[0013] In the battery module fire-retardant protection structure of the utility model, preferably, the fireproof cover 2 is spliced ​​or integrally formed by aluminum alloy plates, rock wool boards, ceramic fiber boards or graphene composite materials boards.

[0014] In the battery module fire-retardant protection structure of the utility model, further, the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 of the battery module 1 are fixed together by a battery module bracket, and the battery module bracket includes a battery module upper bracket 13 and a battery module lower bracket 14, and the battery module lower bracket 14 is alternately provided with battery card slots 141 and flame retardant plate card slots 142, and the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 are alternately overlapped and fixed in the battery card slots 141 and the flame retardant plate card slots 142 by inserting the bottoms respectively, and the battery module upper bracket 13 clamps the top of the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 together after being overlapped, and a thermal conductive silicone sheet 143 is provided at the bottom of the battery module lower bracket 14.

[0015] In the battery module fireproof and flame-retardant protection structure of the present invention, further, the inner top surface and inner side surface of the fireproof cover 2 are both provided with fire extinguishing plates 21, corresponding to the top and two side parts of the battery monomer respectively.

[0016] In the battery module fireproof and flame-retardant protection structure of the present invention, further, the fire extinguishing sheet 21 is a long strip corresponding to the width of the battery cell 11.

[0017] In the battery module fire-retardant protection structure of the present invention, preferably, the fire extinguishing sheet 21 is fixed to the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2 by gluing or magnetic attraction.

[0018] In the battery module fire retardant protection structure of the utility model, preferably, the fire extinguishing tablet 21 is a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing tablet, a dry powder fire extinguishing tablet, a carbon dioxide fire extinguishing tablet or a carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishing tablet.

[0019] In the battery module fire retardant protection structure of the utility model, preferably, the battery module 1 adopts a chemical battery, such as a lithium battery, a ternary lithium battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lead-acid battery or a lithium manganese oxide battery.

[0020] The utility model introduces a flame retardant plate between battery cells and adds a fireproof cover on the battery module to form a two-level fireproof and flame-retardant space for battery cells and battery modules. First, the rock wool board is embedded between the battery cells. As a high-temperature resistant and flame-retardant insulating material, the rock wool board can effectively block the high temperature and fire source transmission between the battery cells, thereby reducing the risk of combustion spreading to the entire battery module. Secondly, a fireproof cover is added above the battery module as a whole to effectively prevent the explosion and combustion inside the battery module from spreading to adjacent modules, avoiding damage to the entire equipment due to the explosion and combustion of a single battery cell or battery module.

[0021] In addition, the utility model also sets a fire extinguishing sheet on the inner wall of the fireproof cover. The fire extinguishing sheet adopts perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing sheet, which has the characteristics of spontaneous fire extinguishing. It can quickly release perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent after sensing the high temperature when the battery monomer explodes and burns, and actively extinguish the fire point in the initial stage of the battery monomer explosion and combustion, and can control the fire in the shortest time. The combination of the fireproof cover and the fire extinguishing sheet makes the fire retardant protection structure of the battery module more active, without the need for pipeline system and control startup, and without the need to modify the high temperature monitoring and control of the battery application equipment, thereby improving the reliability of the overall system.

[0022] In summary, the utility model designs flame retardant plates and fireproof covers into the battery module packaging structure, which has a simpler technical solution and higher maintainability, while improving the overall safety and performance stability of the battery system. Combined with the active fire prevention function of the fire extinguishing sheet, the risk of battery explosion and combustion is effectively curbed in the initial stage, solving the problems of complexity, high maintenance cost and negative impact on battery performance of traditional fire prevention methods.

[0023] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded view of the fire retardant protection structure of the battery module in the embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the combination of a battery cell and a flame retardant plate in an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the distribution of fire extinguishing sheets inside the fireproof cover in the embodiment.

[0027] Numbers in the figure: 1-battery module, 11-battery cell, 12-flame retardant board, 13-battery module upper bracket, 14-battery module lower bracket, 141-battery slot, 142-flame retardant board slot, 143-thermal conductive silicone sheet, 15-end plate, 16-protective plate, 2-fireproof cover, 21-fire extinguishing sheet, 201-high-voltage wire harness collection outlet, 3-module box, 301-collection and BMS serial port, 4-battery pack cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Example

[0029] See also Figure 1-3 The battery pack shown in the figure is a specific implementation scheme of the fire-retardant protection structure of the battery module of the utility model. The battery module packaged in the battery pack is a lithium battery module for an energy storage cabinet. The battery module 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 connected in parallel. The plurality of battery cells 11 are fixed in a module box 3 by overlapping. The top is packaged by a battery pack cover 4 to form a battery pack. One side of the module box 3 is provided with a collection and BMS serial port 301 for connecting the battery to an external system.

[0030] The battery module fireproof and flame-retardant structure adopted in this embodiment includes flame-retardant plates 12 spaced between battery cells 11 of the battery module 1 , a fireproof cover 2 mounted on the battery module 1 , and a fire extinguishing sheet 21 arranged on the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2 .

[0031] Specific as Figure 2As shown, the battery cells 11 of the battery module 1 are separated by flame retardant plates 12, and each battery cell 11 is placed in the first-level flame retardant space separated by the flame retardant plates 12. When a battery cell burns and explodes, it can avoid damage to the adjacent battery cells to a certain extent. At the same time, this embodiment also covers the battery module 1 with a fireproof cover 2 as the second-level fireproof and flame retardant space of a single battery module. Fire extinguishing plates 21 are arranged on the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2 corresponding to the distribution area of ​​the battery cells of the internally encapsulated battery module. The fire extinguishing plates 21 can automatically release fire extinguishing agents according to the high temperature generated by nearby combustion. When a battery cell burns and explodes, it can trigger the corresponding fire extinguishing plate or the adjacent fire extinguishing plate to accurately release the fire extinguishing agent to the battery cell that is burning and exploding, and combine with the flame retardant plate 12 to quickly and accurately extinguish the exploding and burning battery cell within the minimum loss range.

[0032] In addition, because both the energy storage cabinet and the electric vehicle battery adopt multi-module parallel packaging to increase the battery capacity, the present embodiment sets the above fire-proof and flame-retardant structure for multiple battery modules of the electrical equipment. Even if a large-scale combustion and explosion occurs in a packaged battery module, the combustion and explosion will be limited to the second-level fire-proof and flame-retardant space where the fireproof cover 1 is located, delaying the module from causing damage to other battery modules in the energy storage cabinet or multi-module, providing buffer time for the high-temperature monitoring system of the equipment to detect the fire and deal with it, thereby reducing the degree of damage to the entire energy storage cabinet and other packaged battery modules.

[0033] The flame retardant plate 12 is made of rock wool board, ceramic fiber board or graphene composite material board, and its size is equivalent to the overlapping side of the battery cell. The flame retardant plate 12 is clamped between the battery cells 11 to separate the battery cells. The battery module 1 is also provided with an end plate 15 on the outer side of the outermost battery cell. If the outermost side is the flame retardant plate 12, the end plate is set on the outer side of the flame retardant plate. The protective plates 16 are set on both sides of the battery module 1 to fix the end plates at both ends to form a frame that covers the battery module from the side. The end plate 15 is made of a material similar to the flame retardant plate, which can prevent the side surface of the outermost battery cell from being damaged due to collision or friction during handling or transportation. The protective plate 16 is close to the edge of the battery from the side of the battery module 1, and a hole for inserting the protective plate 16 is provided on the side of the end plate 15 to achieve splicing and fixing between the end plate 15 and the protective plate 16. The heat dissipation holes are set on the protective plate 16 to prevent heat from accumulating inside the battery module.

[0034] The battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 of the battery module 1 are fixed together by a battery module bracket, which includes a battery module upper bracket 13 and a battery module lower bracket 14. The battery module lower bracket 14 is alternately provided with a battery card slot 141 and a flame retardant plate card slot 142. The bottom of the battery cell 11 is inserted into the battery card slot 141, and the bottom of the flame retardant plate 12 is inserted into the flame retardant plate card slot 142. The battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 are alternately overlapped and positioned as a whole through the limit of the card slot. The battery module upper bracket 13 includes a square groove corresponding to the overlapped whole of the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12. The battery module upper bracket 13 is used to hoop the top of the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 after the overlap, and the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12 are overlapped and fixed to form a battery module 1. The battery module upper bracket 13 and the battery module lower bracket 14 are both made of the same insulating, flame-retardant, and high-temperature resistant material as the flame retardant plate 12.

[0035] A thermally conductive silicone sheet 143 is also provided at the bottom of the battery module lower bracket 14. While the heat generated by the battery module is transferred to the battery modules, the heat received by the thermally conductive silicone sheet 143 can be effectively dissipated to prevent the battery module bracket from overheating.

[0036] See also Figure 3 , the fireproof cover 2 is spliced ​​or integrally formed by aluminum alloy plate, rock wool board, ceramic fiber board or graphene composite material board. The fireproof cover made of aluminum alloy is durable and strong, easy to process, can be directly integrally formed by stamping, or can be made of the same material as the flame retardant board. The rock wool board fireproof cover has good fire resistance, and the maximum fire resistance limit can reach 4 hours; the ceramic fiber board fireproof cover has excellent high temperature stability and can maintain stable chemical properties at high temperatures. Graphene can be used to improve the flame retardant properties and thermal stability of the material. Adding graphene to the composite material can enhance the fireproof performance of the fireproof cover. Several folded edges are set at the bottom of the fireproof cover 2 to form a flange structure, and the fireproof cover 2 is fixed to the bottom plate of the module box 3 by bolt connectors. A high-voltage wire harness collection outlet 201 is left on the side of the fireproof cover 2 close to the acquisition and BMS serial port, which is used for the wire harness entry and exit channel of the internal cover-mounted battery module.

[0037] In this embodiment, fire extinguishing sheets 21 are provided on the inner top surface and inner side surface of the fireproof cover 2, corresponding to the top and two sides of the battery cell, respectively. The inner side surface here refers to the side parallel to the overlapping direction of the battery cell 11 and the flame retardant plate 12. The fire extinguishing sheets 21 are arranged along the top surface and side surface of the battery cell 11 in the vertical projection area of ​​the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2. The fire extinguishing sheets 21 are cut into long strips corresponding to the width of the battery cell 11, and the back is fixed to the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2 by gluing or magnetic attraction. Including the fire extinguishing sheet 21 directly attached to the inner wall of the fireproof cover with adhesive, or in order to facilitate the replacement and maintenance of the fire extinguishing sheet, the fire extinguishing sheet is adsorbed and fixed on the inner wall of the fireproof cover by a magnetic attraction layer. The use of magnetic attraction to fix the fire extinguishing sheet requires a metal layer or a magnetic coating to be provided on the inner wall of the fireproof cover 2.

[0038] The fire extinguishing piece 21 in this embodiment adopts perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing piece, such as A-MHT of Changan Wenying, QRR0.02GW / S-ZKSA of Hongxin, etc.

[0039] In this document, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "vertical", and "horizontal" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the clarity of the technical solution and the convenience of description. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0040] In this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion of elements other than those listed and may also include additional elements not expressly listed.

[0041] The above are only specific implementations of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fire-retardant protection structure for a battery module, wherein the battery module (1) is fixed in a module box (3) and encapsulated by a battery pack upper cover (4), and is characterized in that: The battery cells (11) of the battery module (1) are spaced apart by flame retardant plates (12); A fireproof cover (2) is installed on the battery module (1), and the inner wall of the fireproof cover (2) is provided with a fire extinguishing sheet (21) that automatically releases a fire extinguishing agent according to the high temperature generated by combustion. The fire extinguishing sheet (21) is distributed corresponding to the projection area of ​​the battery monomer (11) on the fireproof cover.

2. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant plate (12) is sandwiched between the battery cells (11) to separate the battery cells. The battery module (1) is provided with an end plate (15) on the outer side of the outermost battery cell. Protective plates (16) are provided on both sides of the battery module (1) to fix the end plates at both ends and form a frame that covers the battery module from the side.

3. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flame retardant board (12) is made of rock wool board, ceramic fiber board or graphene composite material board.

4. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof cover (2) is formed by splicing or integrally forming an aluminum alloy plate, a rock wool plate, a ceramic fiber plate or a graphene composite material plate.

5. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cells (11) and the flame retardant plate (12) of the battery module (1) are fixed together by a battery module bracket, the battery module bracket comprising a battery module upper bracket (13) and a battery module lower bracket (14), the battery module lower bracket (14) being alternately provided with battery card slots (141) and flame retardant plate card slots (142), the battery cells (11) and the flame retardant plate (12) being alternately overlapped and fixed by inserting their bottoms into the battery card slots (141) and the flame retardant plate card slots (142), the battery module upper bracket (13) clamping the tops of the battery cells (11) and the flame retardant plate (12) together after being overlapped, and a heat conductive silicone sheet (143) being provided at the bottom of the battery module lower bracket (14).

6. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner top surface and inner side surface of the fireproof cover (2) are both provided with fire extinguishing plates (21), which correspond to the top and two side portions of the battery monomer respectively.

7. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing sheet (21) is a long strip corresponding to the width of the battery cell (11).

8. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing sheet (21) is fixed to the inner wall of the fireproof cover (2) by gluing or magnetic attraction.

9. The fire retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing tablet (21) is a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing tablet, a dry powder fire extinguishing tablet, a carbon dioxide fire extinguishing tablet or a carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishing tablet.

10. The fire-retardant protection structure for battery modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module (1) is a ternary lithium battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lead-acid battery or a lithium manganese oxide battery.

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