Gear shifting device and electric tractor

Abstract

The utility model provides a gear shifting device and an electric tractor, and relates to the technical field of electric tractors. The gear shifting device comprises a gearbox, an automatic gear shifting mechanism and a control mechanism. The gearbox comprises an input shaft, an output shaft, a sliding gear, a driven gear and a fixed gear; the sliding gear is in sliding connection with the output shaft, and the sliding gear has a first state meshed with the fixed gear, a second state meshed with the driven gear and a neutral gear state; the automatic gear shifting mechanism comprises a first shifting block and a rotating speed sensor, and the first shifting block is in signal connection with the control mechanism and is in transmission fit with the sliding gear so as to drive the sliding gear to move in the axial direction of the output shaft to be switched among a first state, a second state and a neutral gear state; the rotating speed sensor is used for detecting the rotating speed of the output shaft and is in signal connection with the control mechanism. The gear shifting device solves the technical problem that in the prior art, a small electric tractor cannot achieve automatic gear shifting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electric tractors, in particular to a gear shifting device and an electric tractor. Background Art

[0002] Electric tractors use electric drive technology instead of traditional fuel drive, which can reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption. In addition, electric tractors are pollution-free and have zero emissions, making them the best power machinery for growing organic vegetables and fruits.

[0003] Existing electric tractors rely on adjusting the speed of the drive motor to adjust the speed of the tractor, which has the problem of few speed adjustment gears, so a gearbox is needed. However, the automatic shifting of tractors on large tractors uses power shifting or hydrostatic shifting technology. The power shifting structure is complex and has high manufacturing costs, so it is not suitable for small electric tractors. The hydrostatic shifting technology is not suitable for small electric tractors because of the large power loss of the hydraulic system. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a gear shifting device and an electric tractor, so as to alleviate the technical problem that a small electric tractor in the prior art cannot realize automatic gear shifting.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the utility model is:

[0006] In a first aspect, the shifting device provided by the utility model comprises a gearbox, an automatic shifting mechanism and a control mechanism;

[0007] The gearbox comprises an input shaft, an output shaft, a sliding gear, a driven gear and a fixed gear, wherein the input shaft and the output shaft are arranged in parallel and spaced apart; the driven gear is rotationally matched with the output shaft; the fixed gear is rotationally matched with the input shaft, and the fixed gear is meshed with the driven gear; the sliding gear is slidably connected with the output shaft, and the sliding gear comprises a first state meshed with the fixed gear, a second state meshed with the driven gear and a neutral state;

[0008] The automatic shifting mechanism includes a first shift head and a speed sensor. The first shift head is connected to the control mechanism signal and cooperates with the sliding gear transmission to drive the sliding gear to move axially along the output shaft to switch between the first state, the second state and the neutral state; the speed sensor is used to detect the speed of the output shaft and is connected to the control mechanism signal.

[0009] Furthermore, the automatic shift mechanism further comprises a driving member, a first shift fork and a first shift fork shaft;

[0010] The driving member is connected to the first dial head to drive the first dial head to rotate;

[0011] The first shift fork is connected to the first shift head and fixedly connected to the first shift fork shaft; the first shift fork shaft is connected to the sliding gear.

[0012] Furthermore, a speed sensing gear is rotatably mounted on the output shaft, and a detection end of the speed sensor is arranged opposite to an outer wall of the speed sensing gear.

[0013] Furthermore, the automatic shift mechanism further comprises a shift sensor, and the shift sensor is used to detect the angle of the first shift head.

[0014] Furthermore, the automatic shifting mechanism is provided with a connector, one end of which is connected to the driving member, and the other end of which is connected to the control mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the shifting device further comprises a mechanical shifting gear assembly, wherein the mechanical shifting gear assembly is used to adjust the transmission ratio between the input shaft and the output shaft;

[0016] The automatic shift mechanism further comprises a gear position sensor, and the gear position sensor is used to detect the state of the mechanical shift gear assembly.

[0017] Furthermore, the mechanical shift gear assembly includes a first driving gear, a second driving gear, a gear sleeve, an engagement sleeve and a handle;

[0018] The gear sleeve is connected to the input shaft, the first driving gear and the second driving gear are both rotatably matched with the gear sleeve and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the input shaft; the first driving gear and the second driving gear are both meshed with the driven gear;

[0019] The engagement sleeve is slidably connected to the input shaft and is located between the first driving gear and the second driving gear. The handle is transmission-connected to the engagement sleeve to drive the engagement sleeve to move axially along the input shaft to connect with the first driving gear or the second driving gear.

[0020] Furthermore, the mechanical shift gear assembly further comprises an engagement sleeve, a second shift fork, a second shift fork shaft, a second shift head and a shift fork shaft engaging member;

[0021] The shift fork shaft assembly is fixedly connected to the handle and is rotationally matched with the second shift head;

[0022] The second shift head and the second shift fork are fixedly connected to the second shift fork shaft, the second shift fork is connected to the engagement sleeve, and the engagement sleeve is rotatably matched with the engagement sleeve seat;

[0023] The gear position sensor is mounted on the end of the shift fork shaft assembly.

[0024] Furthermore, the gearbox comprises a box body and a box cover, and the box cover is arranged on the box body;

[0025] The input shaft and the output shaft are rotatably connected to the housing, and the automatic shifting mechanism is mounted on the housing cover.

[0026] In a second aspect, the electric tractor provided by the utility model comprises a shifting device as described in any one of the above items.

[0027] Based on the above technical solutions, the technical effects that can be achieved by the present invention are analyzed as follows:

[0028] The shifting device provided by the utility model comprises a gearbox, an automatic shifting mechanism and a control mechanism; the gearbox comprises an input shaft, an output shaft, a sliding gear, a driven gear and a fixed gear, and the input shaft and the output shaft are arranged in parallel and spaced apart; the driven gear rotates in cooperation with the output shaft; the fixed gear rotates in cooperation with the input shaft, and the fixed gear meshes with the driven gear; the sliding gear is slidably connected with the output shaft, and the sliding gear comprises a first state meshed with the fixed gear, a second state meshed with the driven gear and a neutral state; the automatic shifting mechanism comprises a first shifting head and a speed sensor, the first shifting head is connected with the control mechanism signal, and is matched with the sliding gear transmission to drive the sliding gear to move along the axial direction of the output shaft to switch between the first state, the second state and the neutral state; the speed sensor is used to detect the speed of the output shaft, and is connected with the control mechanism signal.

[0029] The speed sensor detects the speed of the output shaft and transmits the speed information of the output shaft to the control mechanism; the control mechanism controls the driving motor of the electric tractor to enter the speed regulation mode according to the speed of the output shaft, so that the speed of the driving motor is quickly adjusted to the speed corresponding to the target gear, and at the same time controls the first shifter of the automatic shifting mechanism so that the first shifter drives the sliding gear to move, thereby realizing the switching of the sliding gear between the first state, the second state and the neutral state. When the sliding gear is in the first state, the sliding gear is meshed with the fixed gear, the rotation of the input shaft drives the fixed gear to rotate, the rotation of the fixed gear drives the sliding gear to rotate, and the sliding gear drives the output shaft to rotate. When the sliding gear is in the second state, the sliding gear is meshed with the driven gear, and the driven gear is meshed with the fixed gear, the rotation of the input shaft drives the fixed gear to rotate, the fixed gear drives the driven gear to rotate, the driven gear drives the sliding gear to rotate, and the sliding gear drives the output shaft to rotate. When the sliding gear is in the neutral state, the sliding gear is not meshed with the driven gear and the fixed gear. The automatic shifting device adopts electronically controlled mechanical automatic shifting, replacing the original manual operations of the driver to separate and engage the power, shift and engage the gear, and synchronize the speed adjustment of the input shaft, and finally realizes the automation of the shifting process. In the electronically controlled mechanical automatic shifting, the control mechanism replaces the driver's brain, the sensor replaces the driver's sensory nerves, and the electronically controlled actuator replaces the driver's hands and feet. When the electric tractor shifts gears, that is, the speed of the drive motor of the electric tractor enters the speed regulation mode - shifting the old gear to the neutral gear - shifting the new gear - the drive motor returns to the normal mode. The speed and load changes of this closed-loop process are managed by the automatic shifting mechanism and the control mechanism in the shifting device to ensure the correctness of the shifting process and avoid the occurrence of random gears, wrong gears, or the combination of power before the gear is engaged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A structural diagram of an automatic shifting device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0033] Figure 3 The internal structure diagram of the automatic shifting device provided by the embodiment of the utility model (the housing is omitted);

[0034] Figure 4 A top view of an automatic shifting device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the box cover of the automatic shifting device provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the box cover of the automatic shifting device provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 7 A structural diagram of an automatic shifting mechanism in an automatic shifting device provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0038] Figure 8 A structural diagram of a shift fork shaft assembly in an automatic shifting device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0039] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a driven gear in an automatic shifting device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0040] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a fixed gear in an automatic shifting device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0041] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a sliding gear in an automatic shifting device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0042] Fig.12 A control principle diagram of the automatic shifting device provided in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0043] icon:

[0044] 1-shift fork shaft assembly; 2-handle; 3-automatic shift mechanism; 31-first shift head; 32-connector; 33-shift sensor; 4-first shift fork shaft; 5-first shift fork; 6-input shaft; 7-first needle roller bearing; 8-sliding gear; 81-internal gear; 82-external gear; 9-retaining ring; 10-first spacer; 11-fixed gear; 111-first meshing tooth; 112-second meshing tooth; 12-second spacer; 13-driven gear wheel; 133-third meshing tooth; 134-fourth meshing tooth; 14-second needle roller bearing; 15-output shaft; 16-speed sensing gear; 17-flat key; 18-housing; 19-second driving gear; 20-meshing sleeve; 21-gear sleeve; 22-first driving gear; 23-meshing sleeve; 24-second shift fork; 25-second shift fork shaft; 26-second shift head; 27-housing cover; 28-speed sensor; 29-gear position sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0046] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0048] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed when in use, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0052] Embodiment 1

[0053] Farmland operations, especially those in hilly and mountainous areas, are diverse and complex. Electric tractors cannot meet the requirements by adjusting the tractor speed only by the speed of the drive motor. This requires the gearbox to have gears for speed change. At present, the automatic gear shifting of tractors on large tractors adopts power shifting. This technology has a complex structure, high processing precision and high manufacturing cost, and is not suitable for small tractors. The hydrostatic shifting technology is also not suitable for small tractors due to the large power loss of the hydraulic system. On the basis of the existing mechanical shifting of tractors, the study of automatic shifting devices to realize automatic shifting is one of the best ways for small electric tractors to realize automatic shifting and automatic driving.

[0054] In view of this, see Figures 1 to 12 The shifting device provided by the embodiment of the utility model includes a gearbox, an automatic shifting mechanism 3 and a control mechanism; the gearbox includes an input shaft 6, an output shaft 15, a sliding gear 8, a driven gear 13 and a fixed gear 11, and the input shaft 6 and the output shaft 15 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart; the driven gear 13 rotates with the output shaft 15; the fixed gear 11 rotates with the input shaft 6, and the fixed gear 11 meshes with the driven gear 13; the sliding gear 8 is slidably connected with the output shaft 15, and the sliding gear 8 includes a first state meshing with the fixed gear 11, a second state meshing with the driven gear 13 and a neutral state; the automatic shifting mechanism 3 includes a first shifting head 31 and a speed sensor 28, the first shifting head 31 is connected to the control mechanism signal, and is in transmission cooperation with the sliding gear 8 to drive the sliding gear 8 to move along the axial direction of the output shaft 15 to switch between the first state, the second state and the neutral state; the speed sensor 28 is used to detect the speed of the output shaft 15, and is connected to the control mechanism signal.

[0055] Specifically, see Figures 1 to 3 , the sliding gear 8 is slidably connected with the output shaft 15 through a spline. The fixed gear 11 is matched with the input shaft 6 through two first needle bearings 7, and the first spacer 10 is used to axially locate the two first needle bearings 7. The first meshing teeth 111 on the fixed gear 11 are always meshed with the third meshing teeth 133 on the driven gear 13. The first shift head 31 of the automatic shift mechanism 3 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise under the control of the control mechanism, thereby shifting the sliding gear 8 to move; when the first shift head 31 rotates counterclockwise, the sliding gear 8 is shifted to move backward, so that its outer gear 82 is meshed with the second meshing teeth 112 on the fixed gear 11, and the low gear is engaged; the first shift head 31 rotates clockwise, shifting the sliding gear 8 forward, so that its inner gear 81 is meshed with the fourth meshing teeth 134 on the driven gear 13, and the high gear is engaged.

[0056] The speed sensor 28 detects the speed of the output shaft 15 and transmits the speed information of the output shaft 15 to the control mechanism; the control mechanism controls the driving motor of the electric tractor to enter the speed regulation mode according to the speed of the output shaft 15, so that the speed of the driving motor is quickly adjusted to the speed corresponding to the target gear position, and at the same time controls the first shifter 31 of the automatic shifting mechanism 3, so that the first shifter 31 drives the sliding gear 8 to move, thereby realizing the switching of the sliding gear 8 between the first state, the second state and the neutral state. When the sliding gear 8 is in the first state, the sliding gear 8 is meshed with the fixed gear 11, the rotation of the input shaft 6 drives the fixed gear 11 to rotate, the rotation of the fixed gear 11 drives the sliding gear 8 to rotate, and the sliding gear 8 drives the output shaft 15 to rotate. When the sliding gear 8 is in the second state, the sliding gear 8 is meshed with the driven gear 13, and the driven gear 13 is meshed with the fixed gear 11, the rotation of the input shaft 6 drives the fixed gear 11 to rotate, the fixed gear 11 drives the driven gear 13 to rotate, the driven gear 13 drives the sliding gear 8 to rotate, and the sliding gear 8 drives the output shaft 15 to rotate. When the sliding gear 8 is in the neutral state, the sliding gear 8 does not mesh with the driven gear 13 and the fixed gear 11. The automatic shifting device adopts an electronically controlled mechanical automatic shifting device, replacing the original manual operations of the driver to separate and engage the power, shift and engage the gear, and synchronize the speed adjustment of the input shaft 6, and finally realizes the automation of the shifting process. In the electronically controlled mechanical automatic shifting device, the control mechanism replaces the driver's brain, the sensor replaces the driver's sensory nerves, and the electronically controlled actuator replaces the driver's hands and feet. The original mechanical transmission structure of the electronically controlled mechanical automatic shifting device remains basically unchanged, with high transmission efficiency, compact structure, and reliable operation.

[0057] When the electric tractor shifts gears, that is, the speed of the driving motor of the electric tractor enters the speed regulation mode - shifting from the old gear to the neutral gear - shifting to the new gear - the driving motor returns to the normal mode. The speed and load changes of this closed-loop process are managed by the automatic shifting mechanism 3 and the control mechanism in the shifting device to ensure the correct shifting process and avoid the occurrence of random gears, wrong gears, or power engagement before the gear is engaged.

[0058] The structure and shape of the shifting device are described in detail below:

[0059] In an optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, the automatic shift mechanism 3 also includes a driving member, a first shift fork 5 and a first shift fork shaft 4; the driving member is connected to the first shift head 31 to drive the first shift head 31 to rotate; the first shift fork 5 is connected to the first shift head 31 and is fixedly connected to the first shift fork shaft 4; the first shift fork shaft 4 is connected to the sliding gear 8.

[0060] Specifically, see Figures 1 to 3The first shift fork 5 is fixedly connected to the first shift fork shaft 4 , the shift fork opening of the first shift fork shaft 4 is matched with the shift fork groove of the sliding gear 8 , and the first shift head 31 is matched with the shift groove on the first shift fork 5 .

[0061] The first shift head 31 of the automatic shift mechanism 3 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise under the control of the control mechanism, shifting the first shift fork 5 to move forward and backward, and then shifting the sliding gear 8 to move; when the first shift head 31 rotates counterclockwise, the first shift fork is shifted to move backward, pushing the sliding gear 8 to move backward, so that its outer gear 82 is meshed with the second meshing tooth 112 on the fixed gear 11, and the low gear is engaged; the first shift head 31 rotates clockwise, shifting the first shift fork 5 to move forward, pushing the sliding gear 8 to move forward, so that its inner gear 81 is meshed with the fourth meshing tooth 134 on the driven gear 13, and the high gear is engaged. Furthermore, the driving member is set as a shift motor.

[0062] The first shift fork 5 and the first shift fork shaft 4 realize the transmission connection between the first shift head 31 and the sliding gear 8 , thereby realizing that the first shift head 31 pushes the sliding gear 8 to move.

[0063] In the optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, please see Figure 4 The output shaft 15 is rotatably mounted with a speed sensing gear 16 , and the detection end of the speed sensor 28 is arranged opposite to the outer wall of the speed sensing gear 16 .

[0064] Specifically, the speed sensing gear 16 is fixedly connected to the output shaft 15 via a flat key 17 .

[0065] The rotation speed of the output shaft 15 is transmitted to the control mechanism through the rotation speed sensing gear 16 and the rotation speed sensor 28 .

[0066] In the optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, please see Figure 6 The automatic shift mechanism 3 further includes a shift sensor 33 , which is used to detect the angle of the first shift head 31 .

[0067] The shift motor of the automatic shift mechanism 3 rotates, and the mobile shift sensor 33 controls the rotation angle of the first shift head 31 .

[0068] In the optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, see Figure 6 The automatic shift mechanism 3 is provided with a connector 32, one end of the connector 32 is connected to the driving member, and the other end is connected to the control mechanism.

[0069] The connector 32 is used to connect with the control circuit of the control mechanism, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the shift motor and the control mechanism.

[0070] In the optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, see Figure 1 and Figure 6The shifting device also includes a mechanical shifting gear assembly, which is used to adjust the transmission ratio between the input shaft 6 and the output shaft 15; the automatic shifting mechanism 3 also includes a gear position sensor 29, which is used to detect the state of the mechanical shifting gear assembly.

[0071] Specifically, the mechanical shift gear assembly mainly selects the gear position according to the agricultural implements matched with the electric tractor and the soil conditions of the farmland operation, and does not need to shift gears frequently during operation. When the mechanical shift gear assembly controls the transmission ratio between the input shaft 6 and the output shaft 15, that is, when the mechanical shift gear assembly is in the gear-engaging state, the control mechanism controls the sliding gear 8 to be in the neutral state.

[0072] Before the shift device automatically shifts gears, the gear position sensor 29 is used to detect the state of the mechanical shift gear assembly to avoid conflict between the mechanical shift gear assembly and the automatic shift.

[0073] In an optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, the mechanical shift gear assembly includes a first driving gear 22, a second driving gear 19, a gear sleeve 21, an engagement sleeve 20 and a handle 2; the gear sleeve 21 is connected to the input shaft 6, the first driving gear 22 and the second driving gear 19 are both rotatably matched with the gear sleeve 21, and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the input shaft 6; the first driving gear 22 and the second driving gear 19 are both engaged with the driven gear 13; the engagement sleeve 20 is slidably connected to the input shaft 6, and is located between the first driving gear 22 and the second driving gear 19, and the handle 2 is transmission-connected to the engagement sleeve 20 to drive the engagement sleeve 20 to move along the axial direction of the input shaft 6 to connect with the first driving gear 22 or the second driving gear 19.

[0074] Specifically, the two gear sleeves 21 are connected to the input shaft 6 through splines, and the first driving gear 22 and the second driving gear 19 are rotationally matched with the two gear sleeves 21 respectively; the driven gear 13 is rotationally matched with the output shaft 15 through two second needle roller bearings 14, and the two second needle roller bearings 14 are axially positioned by a second spacer sleeve 12, the rear end is fixed by a retaining ring 9, and the front end is fixed by a speed sensing gear 16.

[0075] The handle 2 drives the engagement sleeve 20 to move, and the engagement sleeve 20 moves forward to connect with the first driving gear 22, that is, gear I is engaged; the engagement sleeve 20 moves backward to connect with the second driving gear 19, that is, gear II is engaged.

[0076] In an optional scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, the mechanical shift gear assembly also includes an engagement sleeve 23, a second shift fork 24, a second shift fork shaft 25, a second shift head 26 and a shift fork shaft coupling 1; the shift fork shaft coupling 1 is fixedly connected to the handle 2 and rotatably cooperates with the second shift head 26; the second shift head 26 and the second shift fork 24 are fixedly connected to the second shift fork shaft 25, the second shift fork 24 is connected to the engagement sleeve 23, and the engagement sleeve 23 is rotatably cooperated with the engagement sleeve seat 20; the gear position sensor 29 is installed at the end of the shift fork shaft coupling 1.

[0077] Specifically, see Figure 5 The handle 2 is fixedly connected to the shift fork shaft assembly 1, the shift rod on the shift fork shaft assembly 1 is rotationally matched with the shift groove on the second shift head 26, the second shift head 26 and the second shift fork 24 are both fixedly connected to the second shift fork shaft 25; the fork mouth of the second shift fork is rotationally connected with the fork groove of the engaging sleeve 23, and the engaging sleeve 23 is rotationally matched with the engaging sleeve seat 20 through a spline.

[0078] The operating handle 2 rotates the shift fork shaft assembly 1, and the second shift fork shaft 25 is moved longitudinally by the shift lever, thereby driving the shift fork to move longitudinally and pushing the engagement sleeve 23 to move forward or backward; the engagement sleeve seat 20 moves forward to connect with the first driving gear 22, that is, the I gear is engaged; the engagement sleeve seat 20 moves backward to connect with the second driving gear 19, that is, the II gear is engaged. The gear position sensor 29 is installed at the end of the shift fork shaft assembly 1, and determines whether the I gear or the II gear is in the gear position by detecting the position of the shift fork shaft assembly 1.

[0079] In an optional solution of the embodiment of the utility model, the gearbox includes a case body 18 and a case cover 27 , and the case cover 27 is disposed on the case body 18 ; the input shaft 6 and the output shaft 15 are rotationally connected to the case body 18 , and the automatic shift mechanism 3 is installed on the case cover 27 .

[0080] Specifically, the input shaft 6 is rotatably connected to the housing 18 through a bearing; the output shaft 15 is rotatably connected to the housing 18 through a bearing; the shift fork shaft assembly 1 is rotatably connected to the housing cover 27; the second shift fork shaft 25 is rotatably connected to the housing cover 27; the first shift fork shaft 4 is rotatably connected to the housing 18, and the automatic shift mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the housing cover 27;

[0081] The box body 18 and the box cover 27 provide support for various components.

[0082] The following is a brief description of the use of the shift device:

[0083] Mechanical shifting:

[0084] The operating handle 2 rotates the shift fork shaft coupling 1, and the second shift fork shaft 25 is driven to move longitudinally through the shift rod, thereby driving the first shift fork 5 to move longitudinally, and pushing the engagement sleeve 23 to move forward or backward. The engagement sleeve seat 20 moves forward and is connected to the first driving gear 22, that is, gear I is engaged, and the engagement sleeve seat 20 moves backward and is connected to the second driving gear 19, that is, gear II is engaged.

[0085] Automatic shifting:

[0086] The speed of the output shaft 15 is transmitted to the control mechanism through the speed sensing gear 16 and the speed sensor 28 thereon. When shifting gears, the automatic shift mechanism 3 first detects whether the I gear or II gear is in the gear position through the gear position sensor 29, and then controls the drive motor to enter the speed regulation mode according to the speed of the output shaft 15, so that the speed of the drive motor is quickly adjusted to the speed corresponding to the target gear position, and at the same time controls the shift motor of the automatic shift mechanism 3 to rotate, and controls the rotation angle of the first shift head 31 according to the shift sensor. The first shift head 31 of the automatic shift mechanism 3 rotates counterclockwise, shifts the first shift fork 5 to move backward, pushes the sliding gear 8 to move backward, and makes its outer gear 82-2 mesh with the second meshing tooth 112 on the fixed gear 11, that is, the low gear is engaged; the first shift head 31 of the automatic shift mechanism 3 rotates clockwise, shifts the first shift fork 5 to move forward, pushes the sliding gear 8 to move forward, and makes its inner gear 81-1 mesh with the fourth meshing tooth 134 on the driven gear 13, that is, the high gear is engaged.

[0087] Embodiment 2

[0088] The electric tractor provided in the embodiment of the utility model includes the shifting device described in the first embodiment, and therefore, also has all the beneficial effects in the first embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A gear shifting device, characterized in that: include: Transmission, automatic shift mechanism (3) and control mechanism; The gearbox comprises an input shaft (6), an output shaft (15), a sliding gear (8), a driven gear (13) and a fixed gear (11); the input shaft (6) and the output shaft (15) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart; the driven gear (13) is rotationally matched with the output shaft (15); the fixed gear (11) is rotationally matched with the input shaft (6), and the fixed gear (11) is meshed with the driven gear (13); the sliding gear (8) is slidably connected with the output shaft (15), and the sliding gear (8) comprises a first state of meshing with the fixed gear (11), a second state of meshing with the driven gear (13) and a neutral state; The automatic shift mechanism (3) comprises a first shift head (31) and a rotation speed sensor (28); the first shift head (31) is connected to the control mechanism signal and is in transmission cooperation with the sliding gear (8) to drive the sliding gear (8) to move along the axial direction of the output shaft (15) to switch between the first state, the second state and the neutral state; the rotation speed sensor (28) is used to detect the rotation speed of the output shaft (15) and is connected to the control mechanism signal.

2. The shift device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic shifting mechanism (3) further comprises a driving member, a first shift fork (5) and a first shift fork shaft (4); The driving member is connected to the first dial head (31) to drive the first dial head (31) to rotate; The first shift fork (5) is connected to the first shift head (31) and is fixedly connected to the first shift fork shaft (4); the first shift fork shaft (4) is connected to the sliding gear (8).

3. The shifting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output shaft (15) is rotatably mounted with a speed sensing gear (16), and a detection end of the speed sensor (28) is arranged opposite to an outer wall of the speed sensing gear (16).

4. The shifting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The automatic shift mechanism (3) further comprises a shift sensor (33), wherein the shift sensor (33) is used to detect the angle of the first shift head (31).

5. The shifting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The automatic shifting mechanism (3) is provided with a connector (32), one end of the connector (32) is connected to the driving member, and the other end is connected to the control mechanism.

6. The shift device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shifting device further comprises a mechanical shifting gear assembly, wherein the mechanical shifting gear assembly is used to adjust the transmission ratio between the input shaft (6) and the output shaft (15); The automatic shifting mechanism (3) further comprises a gear position sensor (29), wherein the gear position sensor (29) is used to detect the state of the mechanical shifting gear assembly.

7. The shifting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mechanical shift gear assembly comprises a first driving gear (22), a second driving gear (19), a gear sliding sleeve (21), an engagement sleeve seat (20) and a handle (2); The gear sleeve (21) is connected to the input shaft (6); the first driving gear (22) and the second driving gear (19) are both rotatably matched with the gear sleeve (21) and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the input shaft (6); the first driving gear (22) and the second driving gear (19) are both meshed with the driven gear (13); The engagement sleeve (20) is slidably connected to the input shaft (6) and is located between the first driving gear (22) and the second driving gear (19). The handle (2) is transmission-connected to the engagement sleeve (20) to drive the engagement sleeve (20) to move along the axial direction of the input shaft (6) to connect with the first driving gear (22) or the second driving gear (19).

8. The shift device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mechanical shift gear assembly further comprises a meshing sleeve (23), a second shift fork (24), a second shift fork shaft (25), a second shift head (26) and a shift fork shaft engaging member (1); The shift fork shaft assembly (1) is fixedly connected to the handle (2) and is rotationally matched with the second shift head (26); The second shift head (26) and the second shift fork (24) are fixedly connected to the second shift fork shaft (25); the second shift fork (24) is connected to the engagement sleeve (23); and the engagement sleeve (23) is rotatably matched with the engagement sleeve seat (20); The gear position sensor (29) is mounted on the end of the shift fork shaft assembly (1).

9. The shift device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The gearbox comprises a box body (18) and a box cover (27), wherein the box cover (27) is disposed on the box body (18); The input shaft (6) and the output shaft (15) are rotatably connected to the housing (18), and the automatic shifting mechanism (3) is mounted on the housing cover (27).

10. An electric tractor, characterized in that: Comprising a shifting device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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