Reverse connection prevention circuit and power supply circuit
By setting a voltage threshold when the battery or power module is reversed, the MOS tube is prevented from being broken down, which solves the problem of MOS tube damage caused by the reverse connection of the battery or power module, and improves the safety and reliability of the circuit.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202323646028.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-29
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-12-29
AI Technical Summary
During battery assembly or charging and discharging, the charge and discharge MOS tube is easily damaged due to excessive voltage, especially when the battery or power module is reversed, resulting in the MOS tube breakdown.
An anti-reverse circuit is designed, through a special connection method of battery module, power module, discharge module and charging module. When the battery or power module is reversed, the voltage threshold of the charging module and discharge module are Set the voltage less than the MOS tube to prevent the MOS tube from being broken down.
It effectively protects the discharge module and the charging module, prevents excessive voltage damage caused by reverse connection, and improves the safety and reliability of the circuit.
Smart Images
Figure CN222215189U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to an anti-reverse connection circuit and a power supply circuit. Background Art
[0002] As a battery management system, BMS mainly controls the charging and discharging MOS tubes to realize the charging and discharging of the battery. Since the charging and discharging MOS tubes are used as switches, they do not need to withstand high voltages. Generally, the MOS tubes selected have a withstand voltage range greater than the maximum voltage of the battery pack and less than 2 times the rated voltage of the battery pack. When the battery pack is assembled or the charging and discharging wiring is connected, there is a situation where the battery or busbar is reversely connected. At this time, the charging or discharging MOS is subjected to a voltage higher than twice the rated voltage of the battery, causing the charging and discharging MOS to be subjected to excessive electrical stress and damaged. Utility Model Content
[0003] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide an anti-reverse connection circuit and a circuit, which aims to solve the problem of preventing MOS from being broken down and damaged by a discharge module and a charging module when a battery module and a power module are reversely connected.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides an anti-reverse connection circuit, comprising:
[0005] Battery module;
[0006] A power module, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the battery module;
[0007] a discharge module, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the battery module;
[0008] A charging module, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the power module, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the discharge module;
[0009] Among them, when the battery module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the charging module is less than the first threshold voltage of the charging module, thereby preventing the discharge module from being broken down; when the power module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the discharge module is less than the second threshold voltage of the discharge module, thereby preventing the discharge module from being broken down; the first threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the charging module, and the second threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the discharge module.
[0010] As a further solution of the utility model, the two ends of the battery module are respectively the first level and the second level, the first level is the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery module, and the second level is the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery module; wherein the first level and the second level are of opposite sex.
[0011] As a further solution of the utility model, the two ends of the power module are respectively the third level and the fourth level, the third level is the positive pole or negative pole of the power module, and the fourth level is the positive pole or negative pole of the power module; wherein the third level and the fourth level are of opposite sex.
[0012] As a further solution of the utility model, the discharge module is a discharge MOS module, one end of the discharge MOS module is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module, and the other end of the discharge MOS module is connected to the other end of the charging module.
[0013] As a further solution of the utility model, the discharge MOS module includes:
[0014] A first MOS transistor, wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module;
[0015] A second MOS tube, wherein the drain of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the source of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the other end of the charging module.
[0016] As a further solution of the utility model, the charging module is a charging MOS module, one end of the charging MOS module is electrically connected to the third level or the fourth level of the power module, and the other end of the charging MOS module is connected to the other end of the discharge module.
[0017] As a further solution of the utility model, the charging MOS module includes:
[0018] a third MOS tube, wherein a source electrode of the third MOS tube is electrically connected to the other end of the discharge module;
[0019] A fourth MOS tube, wherein the source of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected to the drain of the third MOS tube, and the drain of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected to the third level or the fourth level of the power module.
[0020] As a further solution of the utility model, the discharge MOS module includes:
[0021] A first MOS transistor, wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module;
[0022] A second MOS tube, wherein the drain of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the source of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the third MOS tube.
[0023] The utility model also provides a power supply circuit, which includes any one of the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection circuits.
[0024] The utility model provides a control current circuit for reducing direct current voltage impact, which includes a battery module, a power module, a discharge module and a charging module; one end of the power module is electrically connected to one end of the battery module; one end of the discharge module is electrically connected to the other end of the battery module; one end of the charging module is electrically connected to the other end of the power module, and the other end of the charging module is connected to the other end of the discharge module; wherein, when the battery module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the charging module is less than a first threshold voltage of the charging module, so as to avoid the breakdown of the discharge module; when the power module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the discharge module is less than a second threshold voltage of the discharge module, so as to avoid the breakdown of the discharge module; the first threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the charging module, and the second threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the discharge module; the problem of breakdown damage of the discharge module and the charging module caused by reverse connection of the battery module and the power module is solved, and the discharge module and the charging module are protected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a reverse connection protection circuit structure provided in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0026] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of an anti-reverse connection circuit structure provided in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-reverse connection circuit module in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0028] Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-reverse connection circuit module in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0029] Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-reverse connection circuit module in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of another anti-reverse connection circuit module structure in one embodiment of the utility model.
[0031] Description of Figure Numbers:
[0032] 100, battery module; 200, power module; 300, charging module; 400, discharging module; 1, first MOS tube; 2, second MOS tube; 3, third MOS tube; 4, fourth MOS tube.
[0033] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0035] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless expressly stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said", "above", and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present application refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements, units, modules, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, units, modules, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.
[0036] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless specifically defined as here.
[0037] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 , Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a current control circuit for reducing DC voltage surges provided in one embodiment of the utility model.
[0038] The utility model discloses an anti-reverse connection circuit, which includes a battery module 100, a power module 200, a discharge module 400 and a charging module 300; one end of the power module 200 is electrically connected to one end of the battery module 100; one end of the discharge module 400 is electrically connected to the other end of the battery module 100; one end of the charging module 300 is electrically connected to the other end of the power module 200; wherein, when the battery module 100 is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the charging module 300 is less than the first threshold voltage of the charging module, so as to avoid the breakdown of the charging module 300; when the power module 200 is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the discharge module 400 is less than the second threshold voltage of the discharge module 400, so as to avoid the breakdown of the discharge module 400; the first threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the charging module 300, and the second threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the discharge module.
[0039] In this embodiment, when the power module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the discharge module is lower than the second threshold voltage of the charging module, thereby preventing the discharge module 400 from being broken down. The second threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the discharge module, and the first threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the charging module, thereby protecting the beneficial effects of the discharge module and the charging module.
[0040] Specifically, the anti-reverse connection circuit includes a battery module 100, a power module 200, a discharge module 400 and a charging module 300. One end of the power module 200 is connected to one end of the battery module 100, the discharge module 400 is connected to the other end of the battery module 100, and the charging module 300 is connected to the other end of the power module 200. In the case of reverse connection of the battery module 100, the voltage borne by the charging module 300 will be less than the first threshold voltage of the charging module 300, thereby preventing the charging module 300 from being broken down. Similarly, when the power module 200 is reversely connected, the voltage borne by the discharge module 400 is less than the second threshold voltage of the discharge module 400, which can also prevent the discharge module 400 from being broken down. The anti-reverse connection circuit protects the discharge module and the charging module by adding appropriate voltage threshold detection and limiting devices. The voltage threshold is set to ensure that when the battery or power module 200 is reversely connected, no excessive voltage is generated on the corresponding module. The effect of the reverse connection protection circuit is that, when the battery module 100 or the power module 200 is reversely connected, through appropriate design and protection measures, the discharge module 400 and the charging module 300 are not damaged by excessive voltage. This helps to improve the safety and reliability of the circuit and protect the module and related electrical components from damage.
[0041] In a specific embodiment, the two ends of the battery module 100 are respectively the first level and the second level, the first level is the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery module 100, and the second level is the positive electrode or negative electrode of the battery module 100; wherein the first level and the second level are opposite to each other.
[0042] Specifically, the two ends of the battery module 100 are called the first level and the second level, and the two levels are of opposite sex. The first level can be the positive or negative pole of the battery module 100, and the second level is the opposite polarity of the battery module 100. In the battery module 100, there is a certain potential difference between the positive and negative poles, which is the basic principle that the battery can generate electrical energy. When the battery module 100 is connected to other circuits or devices, it is necessary to ensure that the positive and negative poles are correctly connected to ensure that the current can flow normally. The first and second levels of the battery module 100 are of opposite sex, providing a way to identify the positive and negative poles, ensuring the connection of the correct polarity when connecting the battery module, so as to ensure the normal operation of the circuit and protect the safety of the battery assembly.
[0043] For example, the two ends of the power module 200 are the third level and the fourth level respectively, the third level is the positive pole or negative pole of the power module 200, and the fourth level is the positive pole or negative pole of the power module; wherein the third level and the fourth level are of opposite polarity.
[0044] Specifically, the two ends of the power module 200 are called the third level and the fourth level, and the two levels are also opposite in polarity. The third level can be the positive or negative pole of the power module 200, and the fourth level is the opposite polarity of the power module. In the power module, there is also a certain potential difference between the electrodes, which is the basic principle that the power supply can provide electrical energy. When the power module 200 is connected to other circuits or devices, it is also necessary to ensure that the positive and negative poles are correctly connected to ensure the normal flow of current, and correctly connect the third level (positive pole) with the positive pole or the negative pole with the fourth level (negative pole) to ensure the correct flow of current. In short, the third and fourth levels of the power module 200 are opposite in polarity, providing a way to identify the positive and negative poles, ensuring the connection of the correct polarity when connecting the power module, so as to ensure the normal operation of the circuit and protect the safety of the power supply component. It helps to avoid connecting the power module to other devices by mistake, prevent the current from flowing in reverse, and improve the safety and reliability of the circuit.
[0045] It can be understood that the discharge module 400 is a discharge MOS module, one end of which is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module, and the other end of which is connected to the other end of the charging module.
[0046] Specifically, the discharge module 400 is a discharge MOS module. One end of the discharge MOS module is electrically connected to the first or second stage of the battery module, and the other end is connected to the other end of the charging module 300. The discharge MOS module is generally used to control the discharge process of the battery module 100. By connecting one end of the discharge MOS module to the first or second stage of the battery module 100, the discharge control of the battery module 100 can be achieved. It can be understood that the discharge MOS module can control the discharge behavior of the battery so that the current flows out of the battery as needed. On the other hand, the other end of the discharge MOS module is connected to the other end of the charging module 300. This connection may be to achieve a circuit closure between the charge and discharge modules 400 to ensure that the discharge module does not interfere with the charging process in the charging mode, so as to ensure that the discharge MOS module works normally in the charging mode. Therefore, by connecting one end of the discharge MOS module to the first or second stage of the battery module 100 and connecting the other end thereof to the other end of the charging module 300, the control of the battery discharge process can be achieved, and the discharge module 400 and the charging module 300 can be ensured to work normally during the charging process. Such a design can improve the safety and performance of the battery pack and ensure the stability of the charging and discharging process.
[0047] It can be understood that the discharge MOS module includes:
[0048] A first MOS transistor 1, wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor 1 is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module 100;
[0049] The second MOS transistor 2 , the drain of the second MOS transistor 2 is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS transistor 1 , and the source of the second MOS transistor 2 is electrically connected to the other end of the charging module 300 .
[0050] Specifically, the discharge MOS module includes two MOS tubes: a first MOS tube 1 and a second MOS tube 2. A circuit is formed between these MOS tubes through the connection relationship between the source and the drain. The drain of the first MOS tube 1 is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module 100. The drain of the first MOS tube 1 is connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module 100, thereby establishing an electrical connection with the battery module 100. The drain of the second MOS tube 2 is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube 1. The drain of the second MOS tube 2 is connected to the source of the first MOS tube 1, forming a continuous current path in the circuit. In addition, the source of the second MOS tube 2 is electrically connected to the other end of the charging module 300. The source of the second MOS tube is connected to the other end of the charging module 300, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the discharge MOS module and the charging module 300. The discharge MOS module can establish a circuit connection between the first level or the second level of the battery module and the charging module. This enables the discharge MOS module to control the discharge process of the battery module 100 and to direct the current out of the battery as needed. At the same time, through the connection with the charging module, the normal circuit closure between the discharge MOS module and the charging module is also guaranteed. Therefore, the design of the discharge MOS module can realize the control of the battery discharge process and ensure the normal operation and circuit connection between the battery and the charging module. Such a design helps to improve the performance and safety of the battery assembly and ensure the stability and reliability of the charging and discharging process.
[0051] In addition, the charging module 300 is a charging MOS module, one end of which is electrically connected to the third or fourth stage of the power module 200 , and the other end of which is connected to the other end of the discharging module 400 .
[0052] Specifically, the charging MOS module is often used to control the process of the power module 200 charging the battery module. By connecting one end of the charging MOS module to the third or fourth stage of the power module, the control of the charging process of the power module can be achieved. The charging MOS module can control the behavior of the charging module to provide charging current to the battery module. On the other hand, the other end of the charging MOS module is connected to the other end of the discharge module. This connection may be to achieve circuit closure between the charging and discharging modules to ensure that the discharge module does not interfere with the charging process in the charging mode. Such a connection may involve other circuit elements or controllers to ensure that the charging MOS module works properly in the discharge mode. Therefore, connecting one end of the charging MOS module to the third or fourth stage of the power module and connecting the other end to the other end of the discharge module can achieve control of the battery charging process and ensure that the charging module and the discharge module work normally during the charging process. Such a design can improve the safety and performance of the power supply component and ensure the stability and reliability of the charging and discharging process.
[0053] In a specific embodiment, the charging MOS module includes:
[0054] A third MOS transistor 3, wherein the source of the third MOS transistor 3 is electrically connected to the other end of the discharge module 400;
[0055] A fourth MOS transistor 4 , wherein the source of the fourth MOS transistor 4 is electrically connected to the drain of the third MOS transistor 3 , and the drain of the fourth MOS transistor 4 is electrically connected to the third stage or the fourth stage of the power module 200 .
[0056] Specifically, the charging MOS module includes two MOS tubes: a third MOS tube 3 and a fourth MOS tube 4. These MOS tubes form a circuit through the connection relationship between the source and the drain. The source of the third MOS tube 3 is electrically connected to the other end of the discharge module 400. The source of the third MOS tube 3 is connected to the other end of the discharge module 400 to establish an electrical connection with the discharge module. The source of the fourth MOS tube 4 is electrically connected to the drain of the third MOS tube 3. The source of the fourth MOS tube 4 is connected to the drain of the third MOS tube 3 to form a continuous current path in the circuit. In addition, the drain of the fourth MOS tube 4 is electrically connected to the third or fourth level of the power module. The drain of the fourth MOS tube 4 is connected to the third or fourth level of the power module 200 to achieve the electrical connection between the charging MOS module and the power module. The charging MOS module can establish a circuit connection between the other end of the discharge module 400 and the third or fourth level of the power module 200. This enables the charging MOS module to control the process of the power supply providing charging current to the battery module. At the same time, through the connection with the discharge module 400, the normal circuit closure between the charging MOS module and the discharge module is also guaranteed. The design of the charging MOS module can realize the control of the battery charging process and ensure the normal operation and circuit connectivity between the power module and the discharge module. Such a design helps to improve the performance and safety of the power supply component and ensure the stability and reliability of the charging and discharging process.
[0057] In addition, the discharge MOS module includes:
[0058] A first MOS transistor 1, wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor 1 is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module 100;
[0059] The second MOS tube 2 has a drain electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube 1 , and a source electrically connected to the source of the third MOS tube 3 .
[0060] Specifically, the discharge MOS module includes two MOS tubes: a first MOS tube 1 and a second MOS tube 2. A circuit is formed between these MOS tubes through the connection relationship between the source and the drain. The drain of the first MOS tube 1 is electrically connected to the first or second level of the battery module 100. The drain of the first MOS tube 1 is electrically connected to the battery module by connecting to the first or second level of the battery module. The drain of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube. The drain of the second MOS tube 2 is connected to the source of the first MOS tube 1 to form a continuous current path in the circuit. In addition, according to the third MOS tube 3 mentioned in your previous question, the source of the second MOS tube 2 is electrically connected to the source of the third MOS tube 3. The source of the second MOS tube 2 is connected to the source of the third MOS tube 3 to achieve the electrical connection between the discharge MOS module and the third MOS tube 3. The discharge MOS module can establish a circuit connection between the first or second level of the battery module and the charging module. Such a design enables the discharge MOS module to control the discharge process of the battery and flow current out of the battery as needed. At the same time, through the connection with the third MOS tube 3, the electrical connection between the discharge MOS module and other components is also realized. The design of the discharge MOS module can realize the control of the battery discharge process and ensure the normal operation and circuit connectivity between the battery and other components. It is helpful to improve the performance and safety of the battery components and ensure the stability and reliability of the discharge process.
[0061] The utility model also provides a power supply circuit, which includes any one of the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection circuits.
[0062] Working principle: When the battery module 100 is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the charging module 300 in the anti-reverse connection circuit is less than the first threshold voltage, thereby increasing the voltage resistance of the charging module 300 and preventing the charging module from being broken down when the battery module 100 is in a reverse connection state.
[0063] Similarly, when the power module 200 is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the discharge module 400 in the anti-reverse connection circuit is less than the second threshold voltage, thereby increasing the voltage resistance of the discharge module 400 and preventing the discharge module from being broken down when the power module 200 is in a reverse connection state; in summary, when a MOS tube is added to the charging module 300 or the discharge module 400, the pressure resistance of the charging module 300 or the discharge module 400 can be increased, and the electronic components of the charging module 300 or the discharge module 400 can be effectively protected, wherein the first threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the charging module, and the second threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the discharge module.
[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A reverse connection protection circuit, characterized in that: include: Battery module; A power module, one end of which is electrically connected to one end of the battery module; a discharge module, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the battery module; A charging module, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the power module, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the discharge module; Among them, when the battery module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the charging module is less than the first threshold voltage of the charging module, thereby preventing the discharge module from being broken down; when the power module is in a reverse connection state, the voltage borne by the discharge module is less than the second threshold voltage of the discharge module, thereby preventing the discharge module from being broken down; the first threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the charging module, and the second threshold voltage is the voltage borne by at least two MOS tubes in the discharge module.
2. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the battery module are respectively the first level and the second level, the first level is the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery module, and the second level is the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery module; wherein the first level and the second level are of opposite polarity.
3. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two ends of the power module are respectively the third level and the fourth level, the third level is the positive pole or the negative pole of the power module, and the fourth level is the positive pole or the negative pole of the power module; wherein the third level and the fourth level are of opposite sex.
4. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The discharge module is a discharge MOS module, one end of which is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module, and the other end of which is connected to the other end of the charging module.
5. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The discharge MOS module comprises: A first MOS transistor, wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module; A second MOS tube, wherein the drain of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the source of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the other end of the charging module.
6. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The charging module is a charging MOS module, one end of the charging MOS module is electrically connected to the third level or the fourth level of the power module, and the other end of the charging MOS module is connected to the other end of the discharge module.
7. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The charging MOS module comprises: a third MOS tube, wherein a source electrode of the third MOS tube is electrically connected to the other end of the discharge module; A fourth MOS tube, wherein the source of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected to the drain of the third MOS tube, and the drain of the fourth MOS tube is electrically connected to the third level or the fourth level of the power module.
8. The anti-reverse connection circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The discharge MOS module comprises: A first MOS transistor, wherein a drain of the first MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first level or the second level of the battery module; A second MOS tube, wherein the drain of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the source of the second MOS tube is electrically connected to the source of the third MOS tube.
9. A power supply circuit, characterized in that: The invention comprises the anti-reverse connection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.