Automatic monitoring and alarming device for tunnel vault settlement

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly discloses an automatic monitoring and alarming device for tunnel vault settlement, which comprises a settlement monitor and a warning device connected and controlled by the settlement monitor, the settlement monitor comprises a monitoring alarm module and a measuring module used for measuring the distance between the tunnel section vault and the tunnel bottom, the monitoring alarm module is in communication connection with the measuring module, and the monitoring alarm module is used for receiving monitoring data of the measuring module and controlling the warning device to give an alarm. The tunnel vault settlement automatic monitoring and alarming device can automatically monitor ground settlement in real time, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources and time cost, can perform long-term real-time monitoring after being installed once, and can be repeatedly used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction is an indispensable part of water transfer projects and modern transportation construction. During tunnel construction and operation, the problem of surface subsidence has always been a very important safety hazard. Ground subsidence is an environmental geological phenomenon in which the ground elevation continues to decrease over a certain period of time. The causes of ground subsidence include natural factors and human factors. Ground subsidence can cause many hazards, including damage to buildings and production facilities, affecting construction and operation, and causing seawater backflow in coastal areas. Therefore, how to detect surface subsidence in a timely manner and check for safety risks is a key issue for tunnel construction technicians.

[0003] During tunnel construction, preliminary geological exploration and process monitoring are very important for preventing ground subsidence. Commonly used ground monitoring usually uses a level for manual monitoring. However, the use of a level to read and monitor not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also consumes a lot of time costs, and it is impossible to achieve real-time monitoring. There are also engineering cases that use other stress and strain sensor equipment for monitoring, but this monitoring method cannot provide real-time alarms at the settlement site and cannot accurately monitor the amount of settlement, resulting in misjudgment or overreaction to settlement monitoring.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve real-time monitoring, how to accurately alarm for settlement warnings at settlement locations, how to monitor the exact amount of settlement, and how to make real-time alarms based on settlement warning values ​​to achieve intelligent monitoring and supervision effects have become important technical issues in tunnel construction and operation. Utility Model Content

[0005] At least one of the purposes of the invention of the utility model is to provide an automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement in response to the problem that existing surface settlement monitoring devices and monitoring methods are unable to accurately monitor settlement locations and issue alarms. The device is arranged at intervals along the length of the tunnel, and an infrared laser rangefinder is used to measure the tunnel vault settlement value and connect the alarm device. When the monitored settlement value is greater than the settlement warning value, an alarm electrically connected to the infrared laser rangefinder issues a real-time alarm, thereby achieving the effect of intelligent monitoring and supervision, and facilitating timely and accurate response and processing to settlement.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model includes the following aspects.

[0007] An automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement comprises a settlement monitor and an alarm connected to and controlled by the settlement monitor. The settlement monitor (1) comprises a monitoring and alarm module and a measuring module for measuring the distance between the vault of a tunnel section and the bottom of the tunnel. The monitoring and alarm module is communicatively connected to the measuring module. The monitoring and alarm module is used to receive monitoring data from the measuring module and to control the alarm to sound an alarm. The monitoring and alarm module is installed on a tunnel arch frame.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the alarm device adopts a warning light or an audible and visual alarm light.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the measuring module includes an infrared laser rangefinder installed on the tunnel vault, and a reflective plate implanted between the infrared laser rangefinder and the tunnel floor.

[0010] Furthermore, the reflective plate is implanted on the side arch frame and close to the tunnel floor, or implanted on the tunnel floor. When implanted on the side arch frame, the implantation position is close to the tunnel floor.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the present utility model, the settlement monitor further comprises a communication module, through which the monitoring alarm module is communicatively connected to a central server, and the central server is externally connected to a plurality of personal communication terminals.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the tunnel arch frame includes side arch frames vertically arranged along both sides of the tunnel and a top arch frame connected to the tops of the side arch frames on both sides, the infrared laser rangefinder is installed on the top arch frame, and the tunnel arch frame is fixed to the tunnel section by connecting ribs, one end of the connecting ribs is embedded in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the other end is connected to the tunnel arch frame.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the infrared laser rangefinder is fixedly installed on the convergent fixed marks, including a first convergent fixed mark arranged on the top of the top arch frame, and a second convergent fixed mark (CM2) and a third convergent fixed mark (CM3) arranged at the connection between the side arch frame and the top arch frame.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, and the monitoring section spacing along the length direction of the tunnel is: the spacing for grade III surrounding rock should not be greater than 50m, preferably 20-50m, the spacing for grade IV surrounding rock should not be greater than 40m, preferably 15-40m, and the spacing for grade V surrounding rock should not be greater than 30m, preferably 10-30m.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The distance between the arch and the bottom of the tunnel is measured by the measuring module of the automatic monitoring and alarm device for the settlement of the tunnel arch, and the monitored data is transmitted to the monitoring and alarm module. The monitoring and alarm module makes an instruction on whether to alarm according to the set settlement warning value. When the settlement value exceeds the settlement warning value, the monitoring and alarm module alarms through the connected alarm. The device can automatically monitor the ground settlement in real time, avoiding the large amount of manpower, material resources and time costs required for monitoring by using a level meter. Only one installation is required for long-term real-time monitoring.

[0017] The monitoring alarm module is connected to the central server through the communication module of the settlement monitor, which can not only remotely monitor all monitoring parts, but also centralize all settlement monitoring points to the central server to realize remote monitoring;

[0018] By arranging multiple monitoring points on the top of the top arch and on both sides of the connection between the top arch and the side arch, the interference of external factors on the monitoring and alarm process can be reduced. The consistency of the monitoring convergence change rules can be analyzed based on the monitored data to avoid false alarms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of the automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement.

[0020] Figure 2 The utility model is a structural schematic diagram of an automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement installed in a tunnel.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the measurement modules of an exemplary embodiment of the utility model.

[0022] Markings in the figure: 1- settlement monitor, 11- monitoring and alarm module, 12- measuring module, 121- infrared laser rangefinder, 122- reflector, 13- communication module, 2- alarm, 3- tunnel arch, 31- side arch, 32- top arch, 4- central server, 41- first communication terminal, 42- second communication terminal, 43- third communication terminal, 5- connecting reinforcement, 6- tunnel surrounding rock, 7- tunnel bottom plate, CM1- first convergence fixed punctuation, CM2- second convergence fixed punctuation, CM3- third convergence fixed punctuation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances. Example

[0025] Figure 1 The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement of the exemplary embodiment of the utility model is shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement of this embodiment includes a settlement monitor 1 and an alarm 2 connected and controlled by the settlement monitor 1, the settlement monitor 1 includes a monitoring and alarm module 11 and a measuring module 12 for measuring the distance between the tunnel section vault and the tunnel bottom, the monitoring and alarm module 11 is communicatively connected with the measuring module 12, the monitoring and alarm module 11 is used to receive the monitoring data of the measuring module 12, and is used to control the alarm 2 to alarm, and the monitoring and alarm module is installed on the tunnel arch 3.

[0026] The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement of this embodiment measures the distance between the vault and the bottom of the tunnel through the measuring module 12, and transmits the monitored data to the monitoring and alarm module 11. The monitoring and alarm module 11 makes an instruction on whether to alarm according to the set settlement warning value. When the settlement value exceeds the settlement warning value, the monitoring and alarm module 11 alarms through the connected alarm 2. The device can automatically monitor the ground settlement in real time, avoiding the use of a level meter to read the monitoring which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. Only one installation is required for long-term real-time monitoring, saving a lot of time cost. The monitoring and alarm module 11 and the measuring module 12 can transmit data signals by wire or wirelessly.

[0027] The alarm device 2 uses a warning light or an audible and visual alarm light to give an alarm. The alarm device 2 and the monitoring alarm module 11 can be set separately or in an integrated design. When set separately, the alarm device 2 is arranged at the same tunnel section as the monitoring alarm module 11. When designed in an integrated manner, the alarm device 2 is installed as a whole at the top of the tunnel vault. The warning light or the audible and visual alarm light both emit visible light beams. The alarm device 2 is installed on the annular arch frame and is located on the same section of the tunnel as the monitoring alarm module 11. When the alarm device 2 emits a visible light beam, the settlement position is accurately found according to the alarm position of the emitted light beam or alarm sound (while emitting a visible light beam). When the settlement monitoring value reaches a pre-set warning value, the alarm device realizes real-time alarm. When the settlement value monitored by the measurement module does not exceed the settlement warning value, the monitoring alarm module will not control the alarm device to alarm, effectively avoiding misjudgment or overreaction to settlement monitoring. The settlement or displacement warning value is that the settlement rate is not less than 5mm / d or the cumulative deformation reaches 100mm.

[0028] The measuring module 12 includes an infrared laser rangefinder 121 installed on the tunnel vault. In a specific implementation, infrared laser rangefinders are usually installed on the top and both sides of the tunnel vault. The measuring module 12 also includes a reflector 122 implanted between the infrared laser rangefinder 121 and the tunnel bottom plate 7. The infrared laser rangefinder 121 measures the distance between the tunnel section vault and both sides and the tunnel bottom plate 7 by emitting infrared laser to the reflector 122, thereby realizing the monitoring of tunnel settlement. When the infrared laser rangefinder 121 measures the settlement or displacement value rate reaching 5mm / d or the cumulative deformation reaching 100mm, the settlement warning value of the monitoring alarm module 11 is triggered, and the alarm 2 is controlled by the monitoring alarm module 11 to alarm.

[0029] As one of the preferred implementations, the settlement monitor 1 also includes a communication module 13, and the monitoring alarm module 11 is connected to the central server 4 through the communication module 13. By connecting to the central server 4 through the communication module 13, all monitoring parts can be remotely monitored, and all settlement monitoring points can be concentrated on the central server 4, and remote monitoring can be achieved at the same time. The central server 4 can also be connected to multiple personal communication terminals, including a first communication terminal 41, a second communication terminal 42, a third communication terminal 43..., and the settlement monitoring situation can be transmitted to the personal communication terminal in a timely manner by wireless communication, and on-site verification can be carried out in a timely manner, and the settlement risk can be responded to and processed. The communication mode of the communication module 13 adopts wireless communication or wired communication.

[0030] The tunnel arch 3 adopts an annular arch, including side arches 31 vertically arranged along both sides of the tunnel and a top arch 32 connected to the top of the side arches 31 on both sides. The top arch 32 adopts an arc-shaped arch structure. The monitoring position can select any part of the top arch, or multiple measuring points in the top arch 32 and the side arch 31. In this embodiment, three convergence fixed points are set for fixed installation of the infrared laser rangefinder 121, including a first convergence fixed point (CM1) arranged on the top of the top arch 32, and a first convergence fixed point (CM2) arranged at the connection between the side arch 31 and the top arch 32. The second convergence fixed point (CM2) and the third convergence fixed point (CM3) are selected. According to the experience of the overall distribution of surrounding rock deformation, among the measuring points on the tunnel section, the convergence values ​​on both sides are smaller than the arch settlement value, but the arch settlement is consistent with the convergence change law of the surrounding area. The vertical pressure on the surrounding rock is much greater than the lateral pressure. By arranging monitoring points on the top of the top arch frame and on both sides of the connection between the top arch frame and the side arch frame, the interference of external factors on the monitoring and alarm process can be reduced. The monitoring convergence change laws of CM1, CM2 and CM3 are analyzed based on the monitored data to avoid false alarms.

[0031] The tunnel arch 3 adopts an annular arch, which is fixed on the tunnel section by connecting ribs 5. One end of the connecting rib 5 is embedded in the tunnel surrounding rock 6, and the other end is connected to the annular arch. When settlement occurs, the settlement of the arch top drives the connecting ribs 5 and the annular arch to deform, causing the infrared laser rangefinder 121 to move, so that the settlement or displacement is monitored by the reflector 122. The reflector 122 is fixed between the infrared laser rangefinder 121 and the tunnel floor 7. It can be implanted on the tunnel floor 7 or installed on the side arch 31 and close to the tunnel floor 7.

[0032] The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement in the present embodiment is arranged in sections along the length direction of the tunnel. The interval distance is usually determined according to the preliminary geological exploration results of the tunnel, while taking into account the economy. The national and industry specifications divide the surrounding rock grades into six grades: VI, V, IV, III, II, and I. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement in the present embodiment is suitable for three types of surrounding rock: V, IV, and III. For these three types of surrounding rock, the monitoring section spacing along the length direction of the tunnel is: the spacing for grade III surrounding rock should not be greater than 50m, preferably 20-50m; the spacing for grade IV surrounding rock should not be greater than 40m, preferably 15-40m; the spacing for grade V surrounding rock should not be greater than 30m, preferably 10-30m. End point values ​​can be used. In addition, the monitoring and alarm device can be additionally arranged at key locations for monitoring and alarm.

[0033] The above is only a detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention. Various substitutions, modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the relevant art without departing from the principle and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement, characterized in that: The tunnel arch settlement automatic monitoring and alarm device comprises a settlement monitor (1) and an alarm device (2) connected to and controlled by the settlement monitor (1), the settlement monitor (1) comprising a monitoring and alarm module (11) and a measuring module (12) for measuring the distance between the tunnel section arch and the tunnel bottom, the monitoring and alarm module (11) being communicatively connected to the measuring module (12), the monitoring and alarm module (11) being used to receive monitoring data from the measuring module (12) and to control the alarm device (2) to alarm, and the monitoring and alarm module (11) being installed on a tunnel arch frame (3).

2. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The alarm device (2) adopts a warning light or an audible and visual alarm light.

3. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measuring module (12) comprises an infrared laser rangefinder (121) installed on the tunnel vault, and a reflective plate (122) implanted between the infrared laser rangefinder (121) and the tunnel bottom plate (7).

4. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The settlement monitor (1) further comprises a communication module (13), and the monitoring alarm module (11) is communicatively connected to the central server (4) via the communication module (13).

5. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The central server (4) is externally connected to a plurality of personal communication terminals.

6. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The tunnel arch frame (3) comprises side arch frames (31) vertically arranged along two sides of the tunnel and a top arch frame (32) connected to the tops of the side arch frames (31) on both sides, and the infrared laser rangefinder (121) is mounted on the top arch frame (32).

7. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The infrared laser rangefinder (121) is fixedly mounted on the convergent fixed marks, including a first convergent fixed mark (CM1) arranged on the top of the top arch frame (32), and a second convergent fixed mark (CM2) and a third convergent fixed mark (CM3) arranged at the connection between the side arch frame (31) and the top arch frame (32).

8. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The tunnel arch (3) is fixed to the tunnel section via connecting bars (5); one end of the connecting bar (5) is embedded in the tunnel surrounding rock (6), and the other end is connected to the tunnel arch (3).

9. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The reflective plate (122) is implanted on the side arch frame (31) or on the tunnel bottom plate (7); when implanted on the side arch frame (31), the implantation position is close to the tunnel bottom plate (7).

10. The automatic monitoring and alarm device for tunnel vault settlement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The automatic monitoring and alarm device for the tunnel vault settlement is arranged at intervals along the length of the tunnel. The monitoring section spacing along the length of the tunnel is: 20-50m for grade III surrounding rock, 15-40m for grade IV surrounding rock, and 10-30m for grade V surrounding rock.

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