Garbage incinerator control system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a garbage incinerator control system which comprises a combustion unit and a temperature control unit, the combustion unit comprises a combustion chamber and a burnout chamber which is arranged above the combustion chamber and communicated with the combustion chamber, the burnout chamber is connected with a burnout channel, and the tail end of the burnout channel is connected with an air preheater. The air preheater is further provided with an air supply pipe connected with the combustion chamber, the burnout chamber and the burnout channel, and a first combustor and a second combustor are arranged in the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber respectively. The temperature control unit comprises a differential pressure transmitter and a thermocouple which are arranged in the combustion chamber, and the first combustor, the second combustor, the differential pressure transmitter and the thermocouple are electrically connected with the PLC control circuit. The combustion condition of a material layer is judged through the differential pressure transmitter, garbage fuel is supplemented in time to enable sufficient garbage to be stably combusted in the combustion chamber, fuel waste is reduced, the temperature in the combustion chamber and the temperature in the burnout chamber are detected through the thermocouple, the combustor is controlled to be started and stopped, and sufficient combustion in the furnace is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage incineration, in particular to a garbage incinerator control system. Background Art

[0002] Small-scale waste incinerators mainly operate combustible waste in a fully enclosed manner, using technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification mixed incineration, and primary and secondary staged combustion treatment to keep exhaust smoke and dust content below the prescribed emission standards and avoid secondary pollution.

[0003] However, the existing small-scale garbage incinerators have a low degree of centralized control, and the requirements for garbage incineration treatment are that when the fuel is burned for the second time, the high-temperature flue gas must stay at a temperature of not less than 850°C for more than 2 seconds to achieve the effect of no odor, no stench, and no smoke, and to achieve the requirements of incineration efficiency and destruction removal rate of 99%. The overall requirements for the professionalism of the operating personnel are very high. However, this type of garbage incinerator is almost used for the harmless treatment of domestic garbage in towns and villages. There are very few professional operators, and the burner fuel consumption is generally large, especially the fuel consumption of the secondary burner. If the operator is not professional enough and cannot judge whether the garbage in the combustion chamber is burned out and whether the temperature is controlled within a reasonable range, it will cause the incinerator to burn unstable and a large amount of combustion aid (diesel) will be consumed, resulting in energy consumption waste. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a garbage incinerator control system to solve the above problems.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A waste incinerator control system includes a combustion unit and a temperature control unit, wherein the combustion unit includes a combustion chamber and a burnout chamber arranged above the combustion chamber and connected to the combustion chamber, the burnout chamber is connected to a burnout channel, the tail end of the burnout channel is connected to an air preheater, the air preheater is connected to a blower and a flue gas purifier, and the air preheater is also provided with an air supply pipe respectively connected to the combustion chamber, the burnout chamber and the burnout channel, the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber are respectively provided with a first burner and a second burner; the temperature control unit includes a differential pressure transmitter arranged in the combustion chamber and thermocouples evenly distributed in the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber for detecting internal temperature, the differential pressure transmitter is a differential pressure transmitter for detecting the pressure difference between the upper and lower ends of the combustion chamber, and the first burner, the second burner, the differential pressure transmitter and the thermocouple are electrically connected to a PLC control circuit.

[0007] In the above utility model, further, a flame detector and a material inlet are also provided in the combustion chamber.

[0008] In the above utility model, further, the first burner is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber.

[0009] In the above utility model, further, the burnout channel is an L-shaped bending structure.

[0010] In the above utility model, further, a protruding buffer structure is provided at the bend of the burnout channel.

[0011] In the above utility model, further, the output end of the flue gas purifier is connected to an induced draft fan and a chimney.

[0012] In the above utility model, further, one end of the air supply pipe connected to the combustion chamber extends into the bottom and middle of the combustion chamber respectively, and thermocouples are provided in the air preheater and the air supply pipe.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0014] The utility model detects the pressure difference between the upper and lower layers of the material through a differential pressure transmitter in the combustion chamber and calculates the thickness of the material layer in the combustion chamber through a PLC control circuit, judges the combustion status of the material layer, and then replenishes garbage fuel in time, so that sufficient garbage can be stably burned in the combustion chamber, reducing fuel waste; secondly, the temperature in the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber is detected by a thermocouple, and when it is lower than or higher than the set temperature, the burner is automatically started and stopped according to a preset program through the PLC control circuit to ensure sufficient combustion in the furnace. At the same time, the operating personnel do not need to pay attention to the combustion status all the time, saving manpower; thirdly, the hot air heated by the air preheater can not only provide sufficient oxygen for the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber, but also heat the garbage layer to make it easier to thermally decompose and make the combustion more stable, while also saving energy loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0016] In the figure, 1-combustion chamber, 2-burnout chamber, 3-burnout channel, 4-first burner, 5-second burner, 6-differential pressure transmitter, 7-thermocouple, 8-flame detector, 9-air preheater, 10-flue gas purifier, 11-induced draft fan, 12-air supply pipe, 13-feeding port, 14-air supply fan, 15-chimney. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementations. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0018] Please see attached Figure 1 As shown, a waste incinerator control system includes a combustion unit and a temperature control unit, wherein the combustion unit includes a combustion chamber 1 and a burnout chamber 2 arranged above the combustion chamber 1 and connected to the combustion chamber 1, the burnout chamber 2 is connected to a burnout channel 3, the tail end of the burnout channel 3 is connected to an air preheater 9, the air preheater 9 is connected to a blower 14 and a flue gas purifier 10, the combustion chamber 1 and the burnout chamber 2 are respectively provided with a first burner 4 and a second burner 5, wherein, preferably, the first burner 4 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 to heat the combustion chamber 1 and the waste so that the waste can be fully burned in the furnace;

[0019] The temperature control unit includes a differential pressure transmitter 6 arranged in the combustion chamber 1 and thermocouples 7 evenly distributed in the combustion chamber 1 and the burnout chamber 2 for detecting the internal temperature. The differential pressure transmitter 6 is used to detect the pressure difference between the upper and lower ends of the combustion chamber 1, and then the thickness of the garbage layer in the combustion chamber 1 can be determined, and the garbage fuel can be replenished in time to ensure that there is sufficient garbage to burn stably in the combustion chamber 1, thereby reducing fuel waste. The first burner 4, the second burner 5, the differential pressure transmitter 6 and the thermocouple 7 are electrically connected to the PLC control circuit.

[0020] The combustion chamber 1 is also provided with a flame detector 8 and a material inlet 13. The flame detector 8 can timely detect the combustion situation in the furnace to determine whether the combustion in the furnace is good. When the combustion in the furnace is poor, a combustion alarm signal is issued to remind the operating personnel to strengthen the inspection of the combustion situation in the furnace. When necessary, the feeding equipment and the burner as well as the induced draft fan 11 are manually operated through the human-machine interface of the control system to increase the draft intensity so that the furnace garbage can burn stably.

[0021] Specifically, during the use process, the operator sets the system operating parameters through the control circuit human-computer interaction interface before the system is operated. During operation, the system automatically controls the operation of each device by comparing the temperature and pressure detection with the system pre-set values.

[0022] The thermocouple 7 in the combustion chamber 1 is used to detect the temperature of the combustion chamber 1; when the temperature of the combustion chamber 1 is lower than the ignition temperature of the garbage (generally set at 350 degrees Celsius), the auxiliary fuel diesel heats the combustion chamber 1 and the garbage through the first burner 4 so that the garbage can be fully burned in the furnace; when the temperature is higher than 450 degrees Celsius, the first burner 4 stops supporting combustion. At this time, the heat generated by the pyrolysis and combustion of the garbage in the furnace can reach the auto-ignition temperature of the garbage, so that the garbage can burn stably without the consumption of auxiliary fuel. According to the requirements of national standards for waste incineration treatment, during secondary combustion, the high-temperature flue gas shall not be lower than 850 degrees Celsius. Therefore, when the thermocouple 7 of the burnout chamber 2 detects that the flue gas temperature in the burnout chamber 2 is lower than 850 degrees Celsius, the PLC control circuit controls the second burner 5 to start and uses the second burner 5 to provide heat to make the unburned gas in the flue gas fully burn again, and at the same time heats the flue gas to above 850 degrees Celsius to completely decompose the main harmful substance dioxin in the flue gas; when the smoke temperature in the burnout chamber 2 reaches 900 degrees Celsius, in order to reduce energy loss, the PLC control circuit controls the second burner 5 to close according to a pre-set program.

[0023] In order to enable better pyrolysis and gasification of the garbage and stably burn, the air preheater 9 is also provided with an air supply pipe 12 which is respectively connected to the combustion chamber 1, the burnout chamber 2 and the burnout channel 3. The blower 14 sends cold air into the air preheater 9 for heat exchange with the flue gas and then transports it to the combustion chamber 1, the burnout chamber 2 and the burnout channel through the air supply pipe 12 to provide sufficient oxygen for combustion. At the same time, the heated hot air heats the garbage layer to make it easier to thermally decompose, making the combustion more stable and saving energy loss.

[0024] The output end of the flue gas purifier 10 is connected to an induced draft fan 11 and a chimney 15. The flue gas enters the flue gas evolver after heat exchange in the air preheater 9. After reaching the emission standard, the flue gas is sent to the chimney 15 through the induced draft fan 11 and then discharged.

[0025] One end of the air supply pipe 12 connected to the combustion chamber 1 extends into the bottom and middle of the combustion chamber 1 respectively, and thermocouples 7 are provided in the air preheater 9 and the air supply pipe 12.

[0026] In the above embodiment, it is preferred to ensure that the smoke stays in the burnout channel 3 for no less than 2 seconds, so that the burnout channel 3 has an L-shaped bending structure, thereby extending the smoke stay time in the burnout channel 3. In particular, a protruding buffer structure is provided at the bending portion of the burnout channel 3 to further increase the smoke stay time in the burnout channel 3, thereby ensuring that the harmful substance dioxin can be fully decomposed.

[0027] Through the above scheme, the domestic waste incinerator control system not only improves the combustion stability of the domestic waste incinerator, but also greatly saves manpower input and auxiliary fuel consumption.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation methods of the utility model, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the utility model, which all belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A waste incinerator control system, characterized in that: It includes a combustion unit and a temperature control unit, the combustion unit includes a combustion chamber and a burnout chamber arranged above the combustion chamber and connected to the combustion chamber, the burnout chamber is connected to a burnout channel, the tail end of the burnout channel is connected to an air preheater, the air preheater is connected to a blower and a flue gas purifier, and the air preheater is also provided with an air supply pipe connected to the combustion chamber, the burnout chamber and the burnout channel respectively, the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber are respectively provided with a first burner and a second burner; the temperature control unit includes a differential pressure transmitter arranged in the combustion chamber and thermocouples evenly distributed in the combustion chamber and the burnout chamber for detecting the internal temperature, the differential pressure transmitter is a differential pressure transmitter used to detect the pressure difference between the upper and lower ends of the combustion chamber, the first burner, the second burner, the differential pressure transmitter and the thermocouple poly PLC control circuit are electrically connected.

2. A waste incinerator control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber is also provided with a flame detector and a material inlet.

3. A waste incinerator control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first burner is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber.

4. A waste incinerator control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burnout channel is in an L-shaped bending structure.

5. A waste incinerator control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A protruding buffer structure is also provided at the bend of the burnout channel.

6. A waste incinerator control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the flue gas purifier is connected with an induced draft fan and a chimney.

7. A waste incinerator control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the air supply pipe connected to the combustion chamber extends into the bottom and the middle of the combustion chamber respectively, and thermocouples are arranged in the air preheater and the air supply pipe.

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