Full-automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine

Abstract

According to the full-automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine, only one-time grinding and one-time polishing are carried out, and compared with the superior measures and structural technical characteristics of an original multi-channel grinding and polishing machine, the full-automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine particularly provides the measures of optimizing the preorder process before grinding and polishing and reducing disturbance faults of a metallographic sample core, and then innovative and improved measures are taken for the structural technology of the grinding and polishing machine. And the grinding and polishing technology and the grinding and polishing quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to metallographic equipment in the field of metal material sample preparation. Background Art

[0002] The grinding and polishing of metallographic specimens has evolved from manual to motorized and has now entered the era of automation, but this type of grinding and polishing machine still has many problems.

[0003] 1. The current automatic grinding and polishing machine has only one grinding and polishing disc, and some of them are equipped with two and are also manual. Grinding and polishing a disc of 6 samples requires 4-5 sandpapers. Each sandpaper needs to be stopped in the middle to replace the old and new sandpapers, which is laborious and time-consuming. Some product manuals say that grinding and polishing a disc of 6 samples takes 4999 seconds, nearly one and a half hours. Therefore, most users grind the samples on a manual pre-grinder and then put them on the grinding and polishing machine for polishing. This automatic grinding and polishing machine only plays a polishing role.

[0004] 2. The main component of the automatic grinding and polishing machine is the grinding and polishing head, which has a relatively complex structure and incomplete functions, lacking two major functions. First, the cooling water for grinding and the polishing liquid for polishing cannot be supplied at the center of the sample plate in the grinding and polishing head, but are added from the outside by installing another part on the machine base, which not only wastes water, but also lacks the grinding and polishing effect added from the center, increasing the grinding and polishing time; second, the lifting and lowering of the sample plate during the grinding and polishing process cannot be raised and lowered alone, but the grinding and polishing head is used to rise and fall as a whole. This overall lifting consumes more energy, takes more time and increases the amount of wear.

[0005] 3. The grinding and polishing discs of the machine base still use the old flat grinding and polishing discs, and the sandpaper and polishing cloth on the discs are also mostly glued. The magnetic grinding and polishing discs invented in recent years are time-consuming and laborious to replace and clean, and are not easy to use. The water sandpaper used for grinding and the polishing liquid used for polishing are also mostly the old ones, which are not firmly bonded and are often carried away by the centrifugal force of grinding and polishing, resulting in low grinding and polishing effects. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to simplify the process of the automatic grinding and polishing machine, optimize the structure, update the process flow, and realize full automation. From placing the metallographic sample into the sample tray to the completion of grinding and polishing, workers no longer need to intervene, and everything is completed automatically.

[0007] The grinding and polishing technical features of this fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine are as follows: one grinding and one polishing process are used to automatically complete the entire process of metallographic sample grinding and polishing.

[0008] The present invention must be fully prepared before the start of grinding and polishing, that is, to optimize the pre-process before grinding and polishing, and reduce the disturbance layer of the sample core. The pre-process of metallographic sample grinding and polishing is cutting, inlaying, and flattening. Grinding wheel cutting machines are currently commonly used for cutting. They use high-speed rotating thin-film grinding wheels to produce strong extrusion and friction forces on the cut metal. The cut sample core has a large disturbance layer on the surface, which increases the intensity and time of grinding and polishing. It is a bad process. A metallographic CNC wire cutting machine is used to cut the metallographic sample core with linear spark discharge. There is no extrusion, no friction, and the disturbance layer is tiny, which is very conducive to grinding and polishing.

[0009] Mounting is to cut off the tiny sample core and mount it into a metallographic sample that is easy to hold. A high-precision metallographic mounting machine should be used, and the sample surface should be flat, not eccentric, and highly consistent, which is conducive to grinding and polishing.

[0010] Flattening. Ordinary grinding wheels are currently used, but the effect is not good. A new type of metallographic grinding wheel machine should be designed and manufactured. It is specially used for metallographic grinding. The particle size of the grinding wheel on the left side of the machine is slightly coarse, and the particle size of the grinding wheel on the right side needs to be fine. The sand material can be silicon carbide or aluminum oxide, and diamond is the best. Metallographic specimens with few disturbed faults made by metallographic CNC cutting machines and high-precision inlay machines can be gently ground flat on the fine grinding wheel on the right side of the metallographic grinding wheel machine. If the specimen is cut and inlaid roughly with a grinding wheel cutter, and the sample core has a large disturbed fault, it must be carefully ground flat on the left grinding wheel, and then turned to the right grinding wheel for further grinding and flattening before it can be put on the grinding disc for grinding.

[0011] The utility model metallographic single grinding and polishing machine has the structural technical characteristics and is composed of three major components, namely a fully functional grinding and polishing head, a grinding and polishing disc of a grinding and polishing machine seat, a column cantilever bracket, and gas, electricity, water pipe fittings and switches.

[0012] A. Fully functional grinding and polishing head

[0013] The grinding and polishing head of this fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine has the following structural and technical features: a hollow shaft is the main body, and all functional components in the grinding and polishing head are installed on this shaft. Each component cooperates with each other and works in coordination, and the grinding and polishing head has 5 complete functions.

[0014] The hollow shaft with small ends and large center is vertically suspended on the ball bearing in the bearing seat on the right side of the frame cantilever. The head of the hollow shaft and the upper surface of the cantilever are installed with synchronous pulleys, which are driven by the reduction motor to bear the rotation power of the grinding and polishing head. The hollow shaft at the lower part of the cantilever is installed with a pneumatic slip ring, which supplies air to two groups of cylinders. One group of 6 cylinders is used for pressurization during grinding and polishing of the metallographic specimens on the sample plate; the other group of 3 cylinders is used for the rise and fall of the sample plate. The 9 cylinders are of the same model and are all installed and suspended on two discs with holes. The upper disc is installed at the enlarged part of the hollow shaft at the lower part of the slip ring, and the lower disc is installed at the reduced part of the hollow shaft. After the enlarged section, the center of the hollow shaft is processed with a small inner shaft with the same diameter as the end part where the shaft diameter is reduced. This small inner shaft matches the shaft with a convex groove and can rotate with the shaft. The extended end of the small inner shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the sample plate. The sample plate can rotate with the small inner shaft and move up and down. The grinding water pipe and the polishing liquid pipe are placed in the inner hole of the hollow shaft.

[0015] B. New grinding and polishing disc for grinding and polishing machine seat

[0016] The base of this fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine has two cylinders connected as a whole by rods. There is a disc on each of the two cylinders, the front one is a grinding disc and the back one is a throwing disc. The disc handle is connected to the motor spindle and rotates with the motor. The disc is in the shape of a basin, with a raised circumference and a concave and flat center. A layer of Velcro is glued on the flat surface to form a hook-surface grinding disc and a throwing disc, both of which use flocking tools. The grinding disc uses flocked diamond grinding discs, which are coated on the surface of high-strength film using ultra-precision coating technology. It is evenly coated, firmly bonded, has strong grinding force and long service life. The throwing disc uses flocked polishing cloth, and the polishing liquid is diamond micro-powder with uniform particle size, which has high polishing efficiency. This basin-shaped grinding and throwing disc will not lose the powder with centrifugal force during the grinding and polishing process, and most of it will accumulate in the disc, which will enhance the grinding force and increase the grinding and polishing speed. There is a water collecting basin fixed on the table under the hook surface grinding and polishing disc to collect the waste water from grinding and polishing, which flows into the waste water barrel from the water outlet and is discharged outside the machine.

[0017] C. Cantilever and column bracket supporting the grinding and polishing head

[0018] The structural technical features of the cantilever and column bracket of the fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine are as follows: the cantilever on the column is connected to the left and right bearing sleeves by two plates. The right bearing sleeve uses two ball bearings to hang the shaft system grinding and polishing head, and the left bearing sleeve is also supported on the thrust bearing on the column by two ball bearings. A slow motor is also fixed on the column, and the crossbar connected to the motor shaft is connected to the cantilever, driving the cantilever to rotate around the column, and the rotation angle is limited by the angle plate on the column, keeping the grinding and polishing head in the grinding and polishing disc direction. The column is fixed with a base and connected to the cylinder in the machine base with a rod to form the whole of the fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine. The surface of the machine is neat and beautiful with casting packaging.

[0019] The present invention has the following advantages.

[0020] 1. This machine is fully automatic, and the entire grinding and polishing process only requires single grinding and polishing, which reduces at least 4 steps compared to the existing grinding and polishing machines. The process is simple and can be completed with one button without manual intervention, which not only reduces manual labor but also improves grinding and polishing efficiency and quality.

[0021] 2. The grinding and polishing head has a simple structure and complete functions. The cooling water polishing liquid in the grinding process is added from the center of the sample plate in the grinding head, which not only reduces the waste of water, but also greatly improves the grinding and polishing efficiency. In addition, the lifting and lowering of the sample plate during the grinding and polishing process is automatically adjusted, which changes the defect that the original grinding and polishing head needs to be lifted as a whole.

[0022] 3. The grinding and polishing discs on the grinding and polishing machine base are improved to a basin shape, so that the grinding sand and polishing powder are not easy to be lost and accumulate together, which is more conducive to increasing the grinding and polishing intensity.

[0023] 4. The optimization of the pre-grinding and polishing process and the innovative improvement of the grinding and polishing machine have effectively promoted the simplification of the grinding process. The grinding and polishing process can be completed quickly with only one grinding and one polishing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 AA main section view

[0025] Figure 2 BB top view

[0026] For the sake of clarity, instrument switches, solenoid valves and connecting pipelines are not shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] 1. Implementation of technical structure

[0028] 1. The grinding and polishing technical features of this fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine are: only one grinding and one polishing, and the whole grinding and polishing process of metallographic samples can be completed in two processes.

[0029] The present invention must optimize three pre-processes before grinding and polishing to reduce the disturbed layer of the sample core and keep the sample grinding surface smooth and fine. A metallographic CNC cutting machine is used for cutting, a high-precision inlaying machine is used for inlaying, and a new metallographic grinding wheel machine is used for flattening.

[0030] The grinding and polishing head of this fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine has the following structural and technical features: it is mainly composed of a hollow shaft, on which all the functional components in the grinding and polishing head are installed. Each component cooperates with each other and works in coordination. The grinding and polishing head has 5 complete functions.

[0031] The hollow shaft (1) with small ends and large center is vertically suspended on the ball bearing (3) in the bearing seat (2) on the right side of the frame cantilever. The head of the hollow shaft and the upper surface of the cantilever are installed with a synchronous pulley (4) driven by a reduction motor (5) to bear the rotational power of the grinding and polishing head. The hollow shaft at the lower part of the cantilever is installed with a pneumatic slip ring (6), which supplies air to two groups of cylinders. One group of 6 cylinders (7) is used to pressurize the metallographic sample (16) on the sample plate during grinding and polishing; the other group of 3 cylinders (8) is used to raise and lower the sample plate (13). The 9 cylinders are of the same model and are all suspended on two discs with holes. The hollow shaft at the lower part of the slip ring is installed with an upper disc (9) at the enlarged part, and the hollow shaft is installed with a lower disc (10) at the reduced part. Both are connected to the shaft with a nut (11). A small inner shaft (12) having the same diameter as the end of the reduced part of the shaft diameter is processed at the center of the enlarged section of the hollow shaft. The small inner shaft is matched with the shaft to form a convex groove and can rotate with the shaft. The lower end of the small inner shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the sample plate (13), and the sample plate can rotate with the small inner shaft and move up and down. The inner hole of the hollow shaft is placed with a grinding water supply pipe (15) and a polishing liquid supply pipe (14).

[0032] 2. New grinding and polishing disc for grinding and polishing machine base

[0033] The base of the fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine has two cylinders (21) connected as a whole by rods. There is a disc (22) on each of the two cylinder surfaces, the front one is a grinding disc (22a), and the rear one is a polishing disc (22b). The disc handle is connected to the main shaft (23b) of the motor (23a) and rotates with the rotation of the motor. The disc is in a basin shape, with a protruding circumference and a concave and flat center. A layer of Velcro is glued to the center of the plane to form a hook surface grinding and polishing disc (24), both of which use flocking tools. The grinding disc uses a flocked diamond grinding disc (25), which uses ultra-precision coating technology to coat diamond on the surface of a high-strength film. It is evenly coated, firmly bonded, has a strong grinding force, and has a long service life. The polishing disc uses a flocked polishing cloth (26), and the polishing liquid is diamond micropowder with uniform particle size, which has high polishing efficiency. In the grinding and polishing process of this basin-shaped grinding and polishing disc, the particles of powder will not be lost due to centrifugal force, and most of them are accumulated in the disc, thereby enhancing the grinding force and improving the grinding and polishing speed. There is a water collection basin (27) fixed on the table under the hook surface grinding and polishing disc to collect the waste water from grinding and polishing, which flows from the water outlet (28) to the waste water cylinder and is discharged outside the machine.

[0034] 3. Cantilever and column bracket supporting the grinding and polishing head

[0035] The structural technical features of the cantilever and column support of the fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine are as follows: the cantilever on the column (31) is connected to the left and right bearing sleeves by two plates (32). The right bearing sleeve uses two ball bearings (3) to hang the shaft system grinding and polishing head, and the left bearing sleeve is also supported on the thrust bearing (34) on the column by two ball bearings (33). A slow motor (35) is also fixed on the column cross plate (38), and the cross bar (36) connected to the motor shaft is fixedly connected to the cantilever, driving the cantilever to rotate around the column, and is controlled by the angle plate (37) fixed on the column and consistent with the cantilever rotation angle, so as to keep the grinding and polishing head working on the grinding disc and the polishing disc. The column is fixed by a base (39) and connected to the cylinder in the machine base by a connecting rod (40), forming the whole of the fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine. The surface of the machine is wrapped with blue casting, which is neat and beautiful.

[0036] (II) Implementation of grinding and polishing process

[0037] A color touch screen (A) is installed on the left side of the grinding and polishing machine seat, and a programmable logic controller (PLC) is also placed inside. Now, according to the process flow compiled by the PLC, the operation process of this fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine is explained.

[0038] The starting position of the shaft-type grinding and polishing head stays on the upper part of the hook surface grinding disc (22) of the grinding and polishing machine seat. Before starting grinding and polishing, the flocked diamond grinding disc (25) and the flocked metallographic polishing cloth (26) are placed on the hook surface grinding and polishing disc in sequence, and the metallographic sample to be ground is loaded into the circular hole of the sample (16). Then, the intelligent operation of the grinding and polishing machine is started according to the process compiled by the PLC: touch screen A is clicked to start the air compressor, and the lifting solenoid valve (41a) is opened. The compressed air flows through the lifting air path into the pressure regulating valve (42a). The pressure regulating valve adjusts the air pressure to the lifting pressure set by the PLC. The compressed air after pressure adjustment enters the slip ring (6) along the lifting air path and flows into the lifting cylinder (8). The cylinder piston pushes the sample plate (13) down to the lowest point, and the distance from the hook surface grinding disc (25) is set. After the sample plate sensor senses the position, the PLC sends a command to start the pressure solenoid valve (41b), and the compressed air flow is divided into the pressure air path and enters the pressure regulating valve (42b), and the pressure is adjusted to the grinding plate pressurization pressure set by the PLC. The compressed air flow after pressure adjustment enters the slip ring (6) along the pressure air path, and enters the pressure cylinder (7), pushing the cylinder piston downward, pressing the sample out of the bottom surface of the sample plate at the set pressure, and contacting the surface of the hook surface grinding plate grinding sheet. After the sensor detects that the sample is pressed against the surface of the grinding plate at the set pressure, the PLC opens the water pipe solenoid valve, allowing tap water to flow through the hollow shaft head water pipe (15) into the hook surface grinding sheet (25), and immediately turns on the hook surface grinding plate motor (23), driving the hook surface grinding plate to rotate clockwise at the set shaft speed, and at the same time starts the motor (5) on the cantilever, driving the small inner shaft (12) and the sample plate (13) to rotate counterclockwise at the set speed, so that the grinding head and the grinding plate rotate in opposite directions, and the grinding is tight and uniform with high efficiency. After the two plates rotate in opposite directions for the set time, the PLC issues a command to swap the two plates, that is, the grinding plate changes to reverse rotation and the grinding head changes to forward rotation. After the reversal rotation for the set time, the PLC issues a stop command, the two motors stop, the water valve is closed to stop the water supply, the pressure solenoid valve is closed, the pressure cylinder piston rises, the sample is relieved, and the lifting solenoid valve is closed again. The lifting cylinder piston rises, driving the sample plate upward, returning to its original state, and the grinding ends.

[0039] After the grinding is finished, the PLC starts the slow motor (35) to drive the shaft system grinding and polishing head to rotate to the upper part of the hook surface polishing disc, and polishing is performed after the sensor detects that it is in place. The process of polishing is basically the same as that of grinding. It is just that the grinding water is changed to polishing liquid. It will not be repeated here. After the polishing is finished, the PLC restarts the slow motor (35) to drive the grinding and polishing head back to the upper part of the grinding disc, then takes out the polished metallographic sample, puts it into the sample disc, turns off the main power supply, and the whole metallographic grinding and polishing process is finished.

Claims

1. A fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine, characterized in that: The grinding and polishing head is composed of a shaft system, a grinding and polishing disc of a grinding and polishing machine base, and a column cantilever bracket. The grinding and polishing head is mainly composed of a hollow shaft with small ends and a large middle. All the functional components of the grinding and polishing head are fixed on the hollow shaft and cooperate with each other to work in coordination. The grinding and polishing head is composed of a hollow shaft (1) vertically suspended on a ball bearing (3) of a bearing sleeve (2) inside the cantilever. A synchronous pulley is installed on the head of the hollow shaft and the upper surface of the cantilever. The rotational power of the grinding and polishing head is driven by a reduction motor (5). A pneumatic slip ring (6) is installed at the lower part of the hollow shaft cantilever. This slip ring Two groups of air cylinders are provided for air supply, one group of 6 pressurized air cylinders and one group of 3 lifting air cylinders. The grinding and polishing machine base has two cylinders (21), each of which has a disc (22). The disc handle is connected to the motor spindle (23b) and rotates with the rotation of the motor. The disc is in a basin shape, with a protruding circumference and a concave and flat center. A layer of Velcro is glued to the center of the plane to form a hook surface grinding and polishing disc (24). Both use flocking tools. The grinding disc uses a flocked diamond grinding disc, and the polishing disc uses a flocked polishing cloth (26). The polishing liquid is a diamond micro powder with uniform particle size.

2. According to claim 1, a fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine is characterized in that: The cylinders are all suspended by discs with holes. The upper disc (9) is installed at the increased shaft diameter, and the lower disc (10) is installed at the reduced shaft diameter. The upper and lower discs are installed with lifting cylinders (8) and pressurizing cylinders (7).

3. A fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow shaft diameter enlarged section has a small inner shaft (12) which forms a concave-convex groove with the shaft, and its protruding end is fixed with a sample plate (13), which can rotate with the small inner shaft and move up and down.

4. The fully automatic metallographic single grinding and polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet pipe (15) and a polishing liquid pipe (14) are installed in the hollow shaft hole of the grinding and polishing head, and the water and the liquid both flow out from the central hole of the sample plate.

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