Special-shaped hole workpiece outer circle machining tool
By designing an outer circular machining worker for the workpiece of the alien holes, using the combined structure of the expansion head and the blockage to achieve coaxial fixation of the workpiece, solve the problem of difficulty in the central positioning of the alien pores on the machine tool, improve the processing accuracy and accuracy and accuracy and the processing accuracy and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421149303.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-23
AI Technical Summary
It is difficult to achieve central positioning and clamping on the machine tool, resulting in low machining accuracy and efficiency.
Design an alien holes workpiece machining workflow, including expansion heads, blockers, and nuts. The inner cone surface is fixed with the coaxial fixation of the workpiece and the workpiece.
Achieve the central fast benchmark positioning of alien pores on the machine tool, ensure the high -precision processing of the workpiece, simplify the structure and operation of the workpiece, and reduce the processing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN222403531U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of workpiece clamping devices for operating and transporting machine tools, and in particular relates to a tool for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole. Background Art
[0002] At present, with the rapid development of the machinery industry, the precision requirements for machining parts are getting higher and higher. The proportion of grinding, milling and other processes used to machine the outer circle of workpieces in the production process is increasing year by year. However, it is necessary to use the center hole of the workpiece for reference positioning to obtain a part surface with extremely high dimensional accuracy, position accuracy and surface roughness. However, this processing technology requires that the workpiece 4 to be machined has a reliable center hole and machining allowance. For machining such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 When the workpiece 4 is to be processed by the special-shaped hole 401 whose one end face or both end faces are strip-shaped holes or D-shaped holes, it is difficult to achieve the center positioning of the workpiece 4 on the machine tool. In this regard, the following technical solution is proposed. Utility Model Content
[0003] The utility model solves the technical problem that a tooling for processing the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole is provided to solve the technical problem that the workpiece with the special-shaped hole is difficult to be centrally clamped and positioned on a machine tool.
[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: a tool for processing the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole, which is composed of an expansion head, a plug and a nut; the expansion head includes a coaxially integrally formed expansion sleeve and a shaft sleeve; the plug is composed of a cone, a pull rod and a screw that are coaxially integrally formed from back to front; the outer portion of the expansion sleeve body is coaxially gap-adapted with the special-shaped hole of the workpiece to be processed; the expansion sleeve body is axially provided with an expansion seam; the plug is coaxially inserted into the expansion sleeve and the shaft sleeve of the expansion head, and the screw of the plug extends out of the front end of the expansion head; the cone outer surface of the plug has the same taper as the inner surface of the expansion sleeve and fits snugly; the screw is screwed to fit the nut; as the nut is continuously screwed, the plug is axially displaced, and the cone outer surface of the plug is continuously squeezed to expand the inner surface of the expansion sleeve by the cone outer surface of the plug, and the expanded expansion sleeve is used to expand the special-shaped hole of the workpiece through interference fit, so as to realize the coaxial fixation of the workpiece and the tooling, and the tooling center is the workpiece center, and the tooling center is used to realize the centering clamping of the workpiece.
[0005] In the above technical solution, as an application of the utility model: the shape of the special-shaped hole is a bar or a D-shape; the shape of the expansion sleeve body is a bar or a D-shape.
[0006] Among the above technical solutions, as the preferred technical solution of the utility model: at least four expansion joints are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the expansion sleeve body.
[0007] In the above technical solution, as a further improvement of the utility model: a screw center hole is formed in the center of the front end of the screw.
[0008] Among the above technical solutions, as the preferred technical solution of the utility model: the axial length of the expansion sleeve is greater than or equal to the axial length of the special-shaped hole of the workpiece.
[0009] In the above technical solution, as a further improvement of the utility model: a positioning boss is provided between the expansion sleeve of the expansion head and the shaft sleeve; the inner vertical end surface of the positioning boss is used for positioning and fitting with the outer vertical end surface of the workpiece.
[0010] Among the above technical solutions, as the preferred technical solution of the utility model, the positioning boss, the expansion sleeve and the shaft sleeve are coaxially integrally formed.
[0011] Among the above technical solutions, as the preferred technical solution of the utility model: the sizes of the nut and the screw are both standard sizes.
[0012] The advantages of this utility model compared with the prior art:
[0013] 1. The utility model inserts a plug into an expansion head, pre-installs a nut at the thread extending from the plug, and then inserts the expansion head into the special-shaped hole of the workpiece. By continuously screwing the nut, the inner cone surface of the expansion head is continuously squeezed by the outer cone surface of the plug. After the expansion head is expanded, the expansion head and the special-shaped hole of the workpiece are expanded through interference fit, thereby realizing coaxial fixation of the workpiece on the tooling. At this time, the center of the tooling is the center of the workpiece, thereby solving the technical problem that the center of the workpiece cannot be aligned and cannot be clamped and fixed.
[0014] 2. The tooling of the utility model can be clamped concentrically with the workpiece with special-shaped holes, and the workpiece axis is extended to achieve centering clamping of the workpiece with special-shaped holes on the machine tool, thereby solving the problem of center alignment and clamping of workpieces with special-shaped holes that have no available center hole. After the workpiece is processed, the tooling is removed, the workpiece structure is intact, and the processing efficiency is improved.
[0015] 3. The utility model can realize the rapid center reference positioning of the workpiece for cylindrical grinding or milling of special-shaped holes on the machine tool, and complete the high-precision processing requirements of the workpiece on the basis of ensuring the integrity of the workpiece.
[0016] 4. The tooling structure is simple to assemble, has low manufacturing cost, is easy and quick to operate, can be disassembled and used repeatedly, and is easy to maintain. From a production perspective, it reduces the processing difficulty and product processing cost, and is suitable for promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a front view of the structure of a workpiece to be processed with a strip-shaped hole;
[0018] Figure 2 It is a front view of the structure of a workpiece to be processed with a D-shaped hole;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the expansion head of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 This is the front view of the plug of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 It is a side view of the expansion head with a strip expansion sleeve of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the expansion head with a strip expansion sleeve of the utility model;
[0023] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the expansion head with a D-shaped expansion sleeve of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the plug of the utility model;
[0025] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the tooling and workpiece of the utility model are assembled;
[0026] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Right view of;
[0027] In the figure: 1-expansion head, 101-expansion sleeve, 1011-expansion joint, 102-positioning boss, 103-sleeve, 2-plug, 201-vertebral body, 202-pull rod, 203-screw, 2031-screw center hole, 3-nut, 4-workpiece, 401-special-shaped hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the utility model Figure 3-10 , clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0029] A tool for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole (such as Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the expansion head 1, the plug 2 and the nut 3 are composed. That is, the tooling of the utility model has only three parts, the structure is simple, and it helps to reduce the cost.
[0030] The expansion head 1 includes a coaxially integrally formed expansion sleeve 101 and a shaft sleeve 103; the expansion sleeve and the shaft sleeve are coaxially arranged to ensure the concentricity of the tooling and the workpiece; the expansion sleeve 101 and the shaft sleeve 103 are integrally formed, and the coaxiality is higher than that of the split structure expansion sleeve 101 and the shaft sleeve 103, ensuring the concentricity and coaxiality of the tooling and the workpiece 4 during the later clamping, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy.
[0031] The plug 2 is composed of a cone 201, a pull rod 202, and a screw 203 which are coaxially integrally formed from back to front; similarly, the coaxial integrally formed structure has a more guaranteed coaxiality than a split structure, and has a high clamping concentricity, thereby ensuring processing accuracy.
[0032] The outer part of the expansion sleeve 101 is coaxially spaced to fit the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 to be processed, that is, concentric clamping of the tooling and the workpiece 4 is achieved, so that the center of the workpiece 4 can be extended by the tooling, thereby achieving the centering clamping of the workpiece 4 through the centering clamping of the tooling.
[0033] The expansion sleeve 101 is provided with an expansion joint 1011 in the axial direction; the expansion joint 1011 is used to realize the gradual expansion and tightening function between the expansion sleeve 101 and the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 .
[0034] When the utility model tool is assembled and used with a workpiece 4: (such as Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the plug 2 is coaxially inserted into the expansion sleeve 101 and the shaft sleeve 103 of the expansion head 1, and the screw 203 of the plug 2 extends out of the front end of the expansion head 1. The outer conical surface of the cone 201 of the plug 2 has the same taper as the inner conical surface of the expansion sleeve 101 and fits snugly; that is, the gradual tightening function of the tooling and the workpiece 4 described later is realized through the conical surface structure.
[0035] The tightening process is as follows: the screw rod 203 is screwed to fit the nut 3; (e.g. Fig. 9 As the nut 3 is continuously screwed, the plug 2 is axially displaced to the right. The plug displaced to the right continuously squeezes the inner conical surface of the expansion sleeve 101 through the outer conical surface of the cone 201 of the plug 2, thereby expanding the expansion sleeve 101. The expanded expansion sleeve 101 is used to transform the clearance fit with the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 into an expansion interference fit, thereby realizing the coaxial fixed connection between the workpiece 4 and the tooling. At this time, the center of the tooling is the center of the workpiece 4, and the centering clamping of the workpiece 4 is realized through the center of the tooling. Thus, the problem of Figure 1 , Figure 2 The technical problem is that the center of the workpiece 4 cannot be aligned and cannot be clamped and fixed.
[0036] Therefore, the tooling of the utility model can be clamped concentrically with the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401, and the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401 can be clamped on the machine tool by extending the axis of the workpiece 4, thereby solving the problem of center alignment and clamping of the special-shaped hole workpiece 4 without a center hole. After the workpiece 4 is processed, the tooling is removed. When removing, the expansion head 1 can be withdrawn from the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 by simply loosening the nut 3. The workpiece 4 has a complete structure, is easy to disassemble and assemble, and is easy to operate, which effectively improves the processing efficiency and ensures the processing accuracy.
[0037] In the above embodiments, as the application of the utility model: (such as Figure 1 , Figure 2The shape of the special-shaped hole 401 is a bar or D-shaped; the shape of the expansion sleeve 101 is a bar or D-shaped (as shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 ). Solve the problem of centering, aligning and clamping the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401 as shown in the figure.
[0038] In the above embodiment, as a further improvement of the utility model: a screw center hole 2031 is formed at the center of the front end of the screw 203. The screw center hole 2031 is used to facilitate the centering clamping of the tooling on the top. Specifically: after the double-end special-shaped holes 401 of the workpiece 4 are respectively installed with the tooling, the top can support the double-end screw center hole 2031 to achieve the centering clamping of the tooling and the workpiece 4. In addition, clamping can also be achieved by the shaft sleeve 103 extended from the tooling with the workpiece 4.
[0039] In the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment of the utility model: the expansion joints 1011 are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the expansion sleeve 101, and at least four expansion joints 1011 are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the expansion sleeve 101, ensuring that the expansion force is evenly distributed and the clamping force is evenly distributed. At least four expansion joints 1011 ensure the deformation effect of the expansion sleeve 101.
[0040] In the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the axial length of the expansion sleeve 101 is greater than or equal to the axial length of the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4, so as to ensure that the expansion sleeve 101 can fully contact the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 and ensure the reliability of the clamping connection between the workpiece 4 and the tooling.
[0041] In the above embodiment, as a further improvement of the present invention: a positioning boss 102 is provided between the expansion sleeve 101 and the shaft sleeve 103 of the expansion head 1; (such as Fig. 9 (As shown in the figure) when the axial length of the expansion sleeve 101 is equal to the axial length of the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4, the inner vertical end face of the positioning boss 102 is used to position and fit with the outer vertical end face of the workpiece 4, thereby facilitating the precise positioning and assembly of the expansion head 1 in the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4, thereby ensuring the assembly reliability of the expansion head 1 and the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4.
[0042] In the above embodiment, as the preferred technical solution of the utility model, the positioning boss 102 is coaxially integrally formed with the expansion sleeve 101 and the shaft sleeve 103. The integrally formed structure ensures coaxiality and concentricity of clamping.
[0043] In the above embodiment, as the preferred technical solution of the utility model: the sizes of the nut 3 and the screw rod 203 are all standard sizes. The nut 3 can be directly used as an existing standard part, which helps to reduce the overall production cost of the tooling.
[0044] The working principle of the utility model is: (such as Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the plug 2 is coaxially inserted into the expansion sleeve 101 and the shaft sleeve 103 of the expansion head 1, and the screw 203 of the plug 2 extends out of the front end of the expansion head 1. The outer cone surface of the cone 201 of the plug 2 has the same taper as the inner cone surface of the expansion sleeve 101 and fits snugly; the screw 203 is screwed to fit the nut 3. The tightening process is: as the nut 3 is continuously screwed, the plug 2 is tightened as shown in the figure. Fig. 9 As shown, the plug 2 that is displaced axially to the right continuously squeezes the inner conical surface of the expansion sleeve 101 through the outer conical surface of the cone 201 of the plug 2, thereby gradually expanding the expansion sleeve 101. The gradually expanded expansion sleeve 101 is used to change the clearance fit with the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 to an expansion interference fit, thereby realizing the coaxial fixed connection between the workpiece 4 and the tooling. At this time, the center of the tooling is the center of the workpiece 4, and the centering clamping of the workpiece 4 is indirectly realized through the extension effect of the center line of the workpiece 4 by the center of the tooling. That is, the clamping is finally realized through the shaft sleeve 103 of the tooling, or the centering clamping of the workpiece 4 is realized through the center hole 2031 of the screw of the tooling. It should be noted that: in the process of the expansion head 1 and the workpiece 4 gradually locking, the outer circle runout of the workpiece 4 can be adjusted by dialing, and after the runout of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 4 is aligned, the nut 3 is tightened to the expansion head 1 and the special-shaped hole 401 of the workpiece 4 until the interference is achieved, and the workpiece 4 is clamped. The axis of the workpiece 4 is extended to realize the centering clamping of the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401 on the machine tool, solving the problem of centering and clamping the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401 without an available center hole. The axis of the workpiece 4 is extended by the tooling structure, and the problems of aligning the parts of the workpiece 4 and the lack of an available center hole are solved at the same time. After the processing is completed, the structure is removed, and the workpiece 4 structure is complete.
[0045] Through the above description, it can be found that: the utility model can be specifically implemented as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 The outer cylindrical grinding or milling of the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401 shown in the figure can realize the rapid reference positioning of the center of the workpiece 4 with the special-shaped hole 401, and complete the high-efficiency and high-precision processing requirements of the workpiece 4 on the basis of ensuring the integrity of the workpiece 4. It is particularly suitable for the workpiece 4 with high appearance requirements and one or both end faces without a reference axis.
[0046] It can be seen that the utility model can lead out the center line and extend the central axis; the runout can be adjusted to ensure the integrity of the workpiece; the tooling structure is simple and easy to disassemble; it has a wide applicability and is also applicable to milling, flat grinding, external cylindrical grinding, planing, etc.
[0047] In addition, the tooling structure is simple to assemble, has low manufacturing cost, is easy and quick to operate, can be disassembled and used repeatedly, is easy to maintain, can quickly adapt and align workpieces 4 with different special-shaped holes 401 or end face blind holes that are difficult to align, and can reduce the preparation time of the processing process during production preparation, thereby reducing the processing difficulty from a production perspective, objectively reducing the product processing cost, and is suitable for promotion.
[0048] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification and equivalent replacement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tool for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole, characterized in that: The invention is composed of an expansion head (1), a plug (2) and a nut (3); the expansion head (1) comprises a coaxially integrally formed expansion sleeve (101) and a shaft sleeve (103); the plug (2) comprises a cone (201), a pull rod (202) and a screw (203) which are coaxially integrally formed from back to front; the outer part of the expansion sleeve (101) is coaxially gap-matched with the special-shaped hole (401) of the workpiece (4) to be processed; the expansion sleeve (101) is axially provided with an expansion joint (1011); the plug (2) is coaxially inserted into the expansion sleeve (101) and the shaft sleeve (103) of the expansion head (1), and the screw (203) of the plug (2) extends out of the expansion head (1) front end; the outer conical surface of the cone (201) of the plug (2) and the inner conical surface of the expansion sleeve (101) have the same taper and fit snugly; the screw (203) is screwed to fit the nut (3); as the nut (3) is continuously screwed, the plug (2) is axially displaced, and the outer conical surface of the cone (201) of the plug (2) continuously presses the inner conical surface of the expansion sleeve (101) to expand the expansion sleeve (101), and the expanded expansion sleeve (101) is used to expand and interfere with the special-shaped hole (401) of the workpiece (4), so as to achieve coaxial fixation of the workpiece (4) and the tooling, the center of the tooling is the center of the workpiece (4), and the center of the tooling is used to achieve centering clamping of the workpiece (4).
2. According to the tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole as described in claim 1, it is characterized by: The special-shaped hole (401) is in a strip shape or a D shape; the expansion sleeve (101) is in a strip shape or a D shape.
3. The tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least four expansion joints (1011) are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the expansion sleeve (101).
4. The tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: A screw center hole (2031) is formed at the center of the front end of the screw (203).
5. The tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial length of the expansion sleeve (101) is greater than or equal to the axial length of the special-shaped hole (401) of the workpiece (4).
6. The tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning boss (102) is provided between the expansion sleeve (101) and the shaft sleeve (103) of the expansion head (1); the inner vertical end surface of the positioning boss (102) is used for positioning and fitting with the outer vertical end surface of the workpiece (4).
7. The tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning boss (102), the expansion sleeve (101) and the shaft sleeve (103) are coaxially integrally formed.
8. The tooling for machining the outer circle of a workpiece with a special-shaped hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sizes of the nut (3) and the screw rod (203) are both standard sizes.