Environment-friendly rapid-degradation yarn

Abstract

The utility model discloses an environment-friendly rapid degradation yarn which comprises a yarn body composed of a plurality of fiber bodies of a multi-layer hollow porous structure. The utility model provides the environment-friendly rapid degradation yarn, the adopted multi-layer hollow porous structure fiber and the yarn with the fixed end hairiness length have the advantages of being easy to disintegrate and high in degradation speed after being discarded, degradation products are water and carbon dioxide, and the environment is not polluted. Raw materials needed for preparing the fiber are few, and the fiber is light in weight and good in toughness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of yarns, in particular to an environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn. Background Art

[0002] Textiles play an important role in the development of human society and are widely used in production and life. However, chemical fibers are difficult to degrade in the natural environment, and discarded yarns or clothing degrade slowly. The accumulation of waste in water and soil will cause ecological damage and harm animals, plants and human society in the ecosystem.

[0003] There are many types of textiles and they are huge in quantity. Among them, non-degradable fiber materials are widely used. A large number of waste textiles are processed by methods such as incineration and landfill to increase the processing speed, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment, which has brought great obstacles to green development. In order to cope with the crisis of environment and resources, microbial fully degradable materials have become a hot topic of current research. The research and development of fast-degradable fibers is in line with my country's sustainable development strategy and is necessary to achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Fast-degradable fibers not only have less pressure on the environment, but can also be degraded in various ways. They can be used in clothing, home textiles, biomedicine and other fields.

[0004] The degradation modes of fibers mainly include biodegradation, thermal degradation, photodegradation, hydrolysis, mechanical degradation and oxidative degradation. Biodegradable polymer materials can be decomposed by microorganisms and converted into carbon dioxide and water within a few months, thereby degrading into the atmosphere and soil. They are ideal substitutes for traditional chemical fibers. PBAT and PLA are biodegradable materials, and are also the most studied and applied biodegradable materials in the world. Fibers in textiles are prone to produce microplastics during long-term use and degradation, forming new pollution. Microplastics are difficult to degrade, have a strong load effect on pollutants, and can be ingested by animals and plants, seriously threatening the ecological environment and human health. By increasing the degradation rate of degradable yarns and achieving a shorter degradation cycle, it is helpful to reduce the generation of microplastics. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an environmentally friendly and fast-degradable yarn.

[0005] The current patent search for biodegradable yarn is as follows:

[0006] The environmentally friendly and degradable blended yarn with application number 202122913201.9 is composed of multiple thread bodies. Some thread components such as polypropylene and spandex are difficult to degrade. The structural design of the yarn cannot promote degradation, and microplastics are easily produced during the degradation process, polluting the environment.

[0007] An environmentally friendly, degradable blended yarn with application number 202022203778.6 consists of an outer protective cover and an inner yarn body. The protective layer reduces the wearing comfort of the yarn. Most of the yarn material is degradable polyester. Degradable polyester needs to be degraded in a specific environment of microorganisms and degradative enzymes, and the degradation rate is unstable, making it difficult to effectively degrade in a waste environment.

[0008] A degradable yarn with application number 201922125422.2 is composed of multiple layers of fibers. After being discarded, due to the presence of the waterproof layer, the main part of the yarn is difficult to degrade, and the use of hydrophobic agents will pollute the environment. The combined use of multiple fibers fails to improve the degradation effect.

[0009] In summary, the current biodegradable fibers have the following problems:

[0010] 1. The structural design of the yarn affects the degradation rate of the yarn. The use of some filling layers and additives affects the biodegradation process. The superposition of multiple layers of fibers affects the attachment of microorganisms, and the hydrolysis rate and biological assimilation rate decrease during the degradation process.

[0011] 2. The structural design of degradable yarn is complex, which is not conducive to production and processing, and the multi-layer fiber coating affects the flexibility of the yarn and the wearing comfort of the fabric.

[0012] 3. The fiber material of the yarn is not selected properly, and the yarn cannot be completely degraded. The yarn is difficult to disintegrate after being discarded, and the degradation rate is slow. Utility Model Content

[0013] In order to solve the degradation speed problem of yarn in the prior art, the utility model provides an environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn.

[0014] The technical solution of the utility model is: an environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn, comprising a yarn body composed of a plurality of fiber bodies with multi-layered hollow structures.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0016] Preferably, the fiber body comprises a PLA inner core and a PBAT outer shell sleeved outside the PLA inner core.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of sheet-like pores are arranged inside the inner core PLA.

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of triangular pores in a circular array are provided at the junction between the PBAT shell and the PLA core.

[0019] Preferably, the yarn body is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed end hairs.

[0020] Preferably, one end of the end hairiness extends out of the surface of the yarn body, and the rest is rolled into the yarn body.

[0021] Preferably, the length of the end hairiness extending from the surface of the yarn body is ≤3 mm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The multi-layered hollow porous structure fiber and the yarn with fixed end hairiness length adopted by the utility model have the advantages of easy disintegration and fast degradation after being discarded, and the degradation products are water and carbon dioxide, which have the advantages of no pollution to the environment. Less raw materials are needed to prepare the fiber, and the fiber is light in weight and has good toughness.

[0024] 2. The length control and uniform distribution of the yarn end hairiness can improve the feel of the fabric and speed up the disintegration of the yarn after it is discarded. The multi-layered hollow porous structure of the fiber gives the fabric good moisture conduction and breathability, and has good warmth retention properties in a dry state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the end hairiness structure of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fiber main body of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the fiber main body cross section of the utility model.

[0030] Description of the drawings: 1. Yarn body; 2. Fiber body; 3. PLA inner core; 4. PBAT outer shell; 5. Lamellar pores; 6. Triangular pores; 7. End hairiness. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. The technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined, and the technical features in the embodiments can also be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0033] The utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0034] As attached Figure 1 With attached Figure 2 As shown, the end hairiness 7 refers to one end of the fiber body 2 extending out of the surface of the yarn body 1, while the rest is rolled into the yarn body 1. Several fiber bodies 2 are intertwined to form the yarn body 1, and the length of the end hairiness 7 is controlled within 3 mm.

[0035] During the fiber spinning process, the spinning process is controlled so that the end hairiness 7 is evenly distributed on the surface of the yarn body 1. Controlling the length of the end hairiness 7 can effectively reduce the impact on the quality of the yarn. The extension of the fiber on the yarn surface can increase the specific surface area of ​​the yarn and promote the contact between water molecules in the environment and the yarn. The uniform distribution of hairiness on the yarn surface can effectively increase the speed at which water molecules enter the yarn and increase the contact speed between the yarn and water. The hairiness on the yarn surface is easy to break under the action of mechanical external force, and the destruction of the yarn structure leads to the disintegration of the entire yarn, which is conducive to the fragmentation and disintegration of the yarn into dispersed fibers. The rapid disintegration of the yarn accelerates the fragmentation and degradation process of the fiber and can increase the mechanical degradation rate. During the degradation process, the extension of the end hairiness 7 can accelerate the disintegration speed of the yarn and the speed at which the fiber is broken into fragments. And in actual use, the hairiness evenly distributed on the yarn surface can improve the contact comfort of the fabric.

[0036] As attached Figure 3 With attached Figure 4 As shown, the fiber body 2 includes two parts, one part is the outer PBAT shell 4, and the other part is the inner PLA core 3.

[0037] At the same time, by Figure 3 It can be seen that uniformly distributed triangular pores 6 are designed between the PBAT shell 4 and the PLA core 3 to construct water molecule channels to increase the hydrolysis rate of the ester bond and reduce the density of the material. At the same time, the connection area between the PBAT shell 4 and the PLA core 3 is small, and the two are easily separated under the action of mechanical external forces such as water flow. After separation, the corresponding microorganisms can quickly attach to the rough surface of the shell and core layer, decompose the biological enzymes to significantly increase the biodegradation rate, and at the same time, the triangular pore structure design can improve the dimensional stability of the fiber and have better compressive resistance.

[0038] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the sheet-like pores 5 of the PLA inner core 3 can increase the contact area with water, effectively increase the hydrolysis rate of the ester bond, and thus achieve rapid water degradation of the fiber. In dry conditions, the still air in the triangular pores 6 at the junction of the PBAT shell 4 and the PAL inner core can improve the warmth retention of the fabric. The sheet-like porousness of the PLA inner core 3 can reduce heat reflection and further improve the thermal insulation performance of the fiber.

[0039] This technical solution is used to achieve rapid fragmentation and degradation of yarn or fabric after textile waste, realize the function of complete biological degradation, and the final products are carbon dioxide and water, which will not pollute the environment. The length of the end hairiness 7 of the yarn is designed, and the end hairiness 7 of basically the same length is evenly covered on the surface of the yarn, which improves the capillary effect of the yarn and accelerates the penetration of water in the yarn, which is conducive to accelerating the rapid disintegration of the yarn and increasing the mechanical degradation rate.

[0040] PBAT and PLA are selected as fiber raw materials, which can be completely degraded under the action of microorganisms, and no microplastics are produced during the degradation process. Based on the degradation characteristics of the two materials, fibers with a multi-level hollow porous structure are designed to increase the contact area between the fiber material and water, accelerate the breaking of ester bonds and improve the utilization efficiency of raw materials. The easily separable structure of the shell and core layer can increase the mechanical cracking rate, while accelerating the attachment of microorganisms to rough surfaces to achieve rapid biodegradation of single fibers. The structural design of fibers and yarns can accelerate the rates of mechanical degradation, water degradation and biodegradation. Due to the multi-level hollow porous structure design of the fiber and the end hairiness 7 length design of the yarn and the uniform distribution design, the prepared yarn can be quickly degraded after being discarded, and has good warmth retention, moisture permeability and wearing comfort during use, which can effectively expand the application scenarios of the yarn.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn, characterized by: A yarn body (1) comprising a plurality of fiber bodies (2) having a multi-layer hollow structure; The fiber body (2) comprises a PLA inner core (3) and a PBAT outer shell (4) sleeved outside the PLA inner core (3); The inner core PLA is provided with a plurality of sheet-like pores (5); A plurality of triangular pores (6) in a circular array are provided at the junction between the PBAT outer shell (4) and the PLA inner core (3).

2. The environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yarn body (1) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed end feathers (7).

3. The environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the end hairiness (7) extends out of the surface of the yarn body (1), and the rest is rolled into the yarn body (1).

4. The environmentally friendly fast-degradable yarn according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the end hairiness (7) protruding from the surface of the yarn body (1) is ≤3 mm.

Images