3D printing device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a 3D printing device, and relates to the technical field of building construction, the 3D printing device comprises a translation mechanism, an extrusion mechanism, a heating temperature control mechanism, a laser distance adjusting mechanism and a controllable spray head, the translation mechanism comprises a sliding guide rail and a sliding seat, the sliding guide rail is connected with the sliding seat in a sliding mode, and the sliding seat is provided with the extrusion mechanism; the extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion pipe, the laser distance adjusting mechanism is arranged on the sliding seat and used for driving the extrusion pipe to move up and down, a heating temperature control mechanism is arranged on the side wall of the extrusion pipe, and a controllable spray head is connected to the bottom of the extrusion pipe. The 3D printing device has the function of adjusting based on the actual engineering printing environment, when the side wall is blocked, the controllable spray head can achieve angle rotating printing, the diameter of the spray opening can be adjusted according to the machining requirement, the extrusion amount can be accurately controlled, and the purpose of saving printing consumables is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of building construction, and more specifically, to a 3D printing device. Background Art

[0002] Compared with traditional casting molding technology, 3D printing technology has the advantages of no mold, high degree of automation, labor saving, and construction time saving. Especially in the context of an aging global population and increasing labor costs, architectural 3D printing technology will play an increasingly important role in the development of building industrialization and intelligence.

[0003] Although the development of architectural 3D printing technology is progressing steadily, there is still huge room for optimization of 3D printing technology in complex printing environments. For example, vertical printing cannot be performed due to lateral space limitations at the printing location, and subsequent supplementary printing cannot be performed based on the completed printing layer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve 3D printing equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model proposes a 3D printing device, which has the function of making adjustments based on the actual engineering printing environment. When the side wall is obstructed, the controllable nozzle can realize angle rotation printing, and the nozzle diameter can be adjusted according to processing requirements, and the extrusion amount can be accurately controlled to achieve the purpose of saving printing consumables.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model provides a 3D printing device, comprising a translation mechanism, an extrusion mechanism, a heating and temperature control mechanism, a laser distance adjustment mechanism and a controllable nozzle, wherein the translation mechanism comprises a sliding guide rail and a sliding seat, the sliding guide rail is slidably connected with the sliding seat, the sliding seat is provided with an extrusion mechanism, the extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion tube, the laser distance adjustment mechanism is arranged on the sliding seat and is used to drive the extrusion tube to move up and down, a heating and temperature control mechanism is arranged on the side wall of the extrusion tube, the bottom of the extrusion tube is connected with the controllable nozzle, the controllable nozzle comprises a rotary driver, a rotary connection cassette, a pipe section and a nozzle size adjustment member, more than two pipe sections are provided, adjacent pipe sections are rotationally connected by a rotary connection cassette, a rotary driver meshed with the rotary driver is arranged on the same side of each rotary connection cassette, and the rotary driver is connected to one of the pipe sections, the free end of the pipe section at the top is connected to the bottom outlet of the extrusion tube, and the free end of the pipe section at the bottom is connected with the nozzle size adjustment member.

[0007] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the nozzle size adjustment part includes a contraction drive, a sleeve, a push-pull rod, a tension spring, an internal nozzle piece and an external nozzle piece. The sleeve is sleeved on the pipe section located at the bottom end, the contraction drive is fixed on the pipe section located at the bottom end, and the output end of the contraction drive is connected to the sleeve. The free end of the pipe section located at the bottom end is also provided with more than two internal nozzle pieces and external nozzle pieces arranged in a ring and hinged to the end face of the pipe section. One end of the tension spring is connected to the internal nozzle piece, and the other end of the tension spring is connected to the outer wall of the pipe section located at the bottom end. One end of the push-pull rod is hinged to the external nozzle piece, and the other end of the push-pull rod is hinged to the sleeve.

[0008] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, a fixed gear is rotatably connected to the pipe section at the bottom, and the fixed gear is meshed with a rack on the sleeve.

[0009] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the extrusion mechanism also includes a lifting seat, an extrusion screw, an extrusion driver and a crawler belt. The lifting seat is fixedly arranged on the top of the sliding seat. One end of the lifting seat is vertically rotatably connected to the extrusion screw, and the bottom end of the extrusion screw extends into the extrusion tube. The other end of the lifting seat is provided with an extrusion driver, and the output end of the extrusion driver is transmission-connected to the extrusion screw through the crawler belt.

[0010] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the heating temperature control mechanism includes a temperature control module, a heater and a thermal insulation layer. The outer wall of the extruded tube is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer, a heater is arranged between the extruded tube and the thermal insulation layer, a temperature control module is arranged on the outer wall of the thermal insulation layer, and the temperature control module is electrically connected to the heater.

[0011] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the laser distance adjustment mechanism includes a vertical drive, a fixed sawtooth and a laser rangefinder, a slide groove is provided on one side of the sliding seat, the thermal insulation layer is slidably connected to the slide groove, a fixed sawtooth is provided on the thermal insulation layer, the vertical drive is fixed in the slide groove, and the output end of the vertical drive is engaged with the fixed sawtooth, the laser rangefinder is provided at the bottom of the extrusion tube, and the vertical drive and the laser rangefinder are electrically connected.

[0012] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, an annular rotating track is further provided at the bottom of the extrusion tube, a rotating seat is slidably connected to the annular rotating track, and the laser rangefinder is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotating seat.

[0013] In a preferred technical solution of the utility model, a sawtooth track is further provided on the side wall of the slideway, and the sawtooth track is engaged with the fixed saw teeth.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0015] The utility model proposes a 3D printing device, which has the function of making adjustments based on the actual engineering printing environment. When the side wall is obstructed, the controllable nozzle can realize angle rotation printing, and the nozzle diameter can be adjusted according to the processing requirements to accurately control the extrusion amount, so as to save printing consumables. The laser distance adjustment mechanism is set to adjust the nozzle height of the controllable nozzle in real time through the information feedback of the laser rangefinder, so as to avoid the situation that the distance between the nozzle and the upper printing surface is too large due to the deformation of the bottom printing layer, resulting in the breakage of the extruded printing strip. The set heating temperature control mechanism can be used for printing that requires heating materials, and can control the constant printing temperature through the temperature control module. It is suitable for printing in normal environment and for printing and constructing structures using hot melt materials in the absence of conventional building materials. Overall, this device can adapt to printing in a variety of environments and broaden the application channels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a 3D printing device provided by a specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Half section view in the central main viewing direction;

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle translation mechanism;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local structure in the middle and rear view direction;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the controllable nozzle rotates;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the controllable nozzle is not rotating.

[0022] In the figure:

[0023] 1. Translation mechanism; 11. Sliding guide rail; 12. Sliding seat; 13. Slide; 2. Extrusion mechanism; 21. Extrusion tube; 22. Lifting seat; 23. Extrusion screw; 24. Extrusion driver; 25. Track; 3. Heating and temperature control mechanism; 31. Temperature control module; 32. Heater; 33. Insulation layer; 4. Laser distance adjustment mechanism; 41. Vertical drive; 42. Fixed sawtooth; 43. Laser rangefinder; 44. Annular rotating track; 45. Rotating seat; 46. Sawtooth track; 5. Controllable nozzle; 51. Rotating drive; 52. Rotating connecting cassette; 53. Pipe section; 54. Nozzle size adjustment member; 541. Contraction drive; 542. Sleeve; 543. Push-pull rod; 544. Tension spring; 545. Built-in nozzle piece; 546. External nozzle piece; 547. Fixed gear; 548. Rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the utility model is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0025] like Figure 1-6As shown, a 3D printing device is provided in the embodiment, including a translation mechanism 1, an extrusion mechanism 2, a heating and temperature control mechanism 3, a laser distance adjustment mechanism 4 and a controllable nozzle 5. The translation mechanism 1 includes a sliding guide rail 11 and a sliding seat 12. The sliding guide rail 11 is slidably connected with the sliding seat 12. The sliding seat 12 is provided with an extrusion mechanism 2. The extrusion mechanism 2 includes an extrusion tube 21. The laser distance adjustment mechanism 4 is provided on the sliding seat 12 and is used to drive the extrusion tube 21 to move up and down. The side wall of the extrusion tube 21 is provided with a heating and temperature control mechanism 3. The bottom of the extrusion tube 21 is connected with a controllable nozzle 5. The controllable nozzle 5 includes a rotary driver 51, a rotary connection cassette 52, a pipe section 53 and a nozzle size adjustment member 54. There are more than two pipe sections 53, and adjacent pipe sections 53 are rotatably connected by the rotary connection cassette 52. The same side of each rotary connection cassette 52 is provided with a rotary driver 51 that meshes with it, and the rotary driver 51 is connected to one of the pipe sections 53. The free end of the pipe section 53 at the top is connected to the bottom outlet of the extrusion tube 21, and the free end of the pipe section 53 at the bottom is connected to the nozzle size adjustment member 54. In this embodiment, the translation mechanism 1 is used to drive the controllable nozzle 5 to move left and right, thereby changing the printing position area, wherein the sliding guide rail 11 is arranged horizontally, and the sliding seat 12 is equipped with a power driver, which can be any one of a hydraulic push rod, an electric push rod or a jet propeller, so as to drive the sliding seat 12 to move on the sliding guide rail 11. The extrusion mechanism 2 is used to continuously extrude molten material to achieve continuous 3D printing processing and improve processing efficiency, and the extrusion tube 21 is filled with molten material. The laser distance adjustment mechanism 4 is capable of detecting the distance between the nozzle of the controllable nozzle 5 and the measured printing layer, and adjusting the position height of the extrusion tube 21 and the nozzle of the controllable nozzle 5 in real time based on the height of the printed layer, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the height of the printing layer and ensure the printing quality. The heating temperature control mechanism 3 is used to heat the printing material in the extrusion tube 21 to ensure that the printing material is always in a molten state when the device is working, so as to prevent solidification and clogging of the controllable nozzle 5. The nozzle direction of the controllable nozzle 5 can be adjusted to achieve the purpose of multi-angle printing, wherein the rotary driver 51 can drive the rotating connection cassette 52 to rotate, thereby driving the pipe section 53 to rotate synchronously, and more than two rotary drivers 51, the rotating connection cassette 52 and the pipe section 53 cooperate with each other to achieve the adjustment and control of the outlet direction of the bottom pipe section 53, so that the nozzle forms a rotation angle of 0° to 90° with the vertical, thereby achieving the purpose of multi-angle printing; the nozzle size adjustment member 54 is used to adjust the discharge amount of the outlet of the bottom pipe section 53 to meet the printing requirements of different parts of the workpiece. In addition, a control center is also provided on the sliding seat 12, which is used to control the coordinated work between the translation mechanism 1, the extrusion mechanism 2, the heating temperature control mechanism 3, the laser distance adjustment mechanism 4 and the controllable nozzle 5.

[0026] Specifically, the nozzle size adjustment member 54 includes a contraction driver 541, a sleeve 542, a push-pull rod 543, a tension spring 544, a built-in nozzle piece 545 and an external nozzle piece 546. The sleeve 542 is sleeved on the pipe section 53 at the bottom end, the contraction driver 541 is fixedly mounted on the pipe section 53 at the bottom end, and the output end of the contraction driver 541 is connected to the sleeve 542. The free end of the pipe section 53 at the bottom end is also provided with more than two built-in nozzle pieces 545 and external nozzle pieces 546 arranged in a ring and hinged to the end face of the pipe section 53. One end of the tension spring 544 is connected to the built-in nozzle piece 545, and the other end of the tension spring 544 is connected to the outer wall of the pipe section 53 at the bottom end. One end of the push-pull rod 543 is hinged to the external nozzle piece 546, and the other end of the push-pull rod 543 is hinged to the sleeve 542. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the sleeve 542 should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pipe section 53, and the set contraction driver 541 can drive the sleeve 542 to slide on the bottommost pipe section 53. The ring formed by the built-in nozzle piece 545 is located on the inner side of the ring formed by the external nozzle piece 546, and the built-in nozzle piece 545 and the external nozzle piece 546 are arranged in an alternating manner. The two are overlapped, and the push-pull rod 543 can be used to achieve inward and outward expansion to change the nozzle diameter. The tension spring 544 is in a stretched state in the initial state, and the set tension spring 544 can pull the built-in nozzle piece 545 to generate an outward expansion force, so that the built-in nozzle piece 545 and the external nozzle piece 546 fit tightly.

[0027] Specifically, the pipe section 53 at the bottom is also rotatably connected with a fixed gear 547, and the fixed gear 547 is meshed with a rack 548 on the sleeve 542. In this embodiment, more than two fixed gears 547 are provided, and the rack 548 is provided on one side of the sleeve 542 close to the fixed gear 547, and the number of fixed gears 547 and racks 548 corresponds to each other. Through the mutual cooperation of the fixed gear 547 and the rack 548, the movement of the sleeve 542 is more coordinated.

[0028] Specifically, the extrusion mechanism 2 also includes a lifting seat 22, an extrusion screw 23, an extrusion driver 24 and a crawler 25. The lifting seat 22 is fixed on the top of the sliding seat 12. One end of the lifting seat 22 is vertically rotatably connected to the extrusion screw 23, and the bottom end of the extrusion screw 23 extends into the extrusion tube 21. The other end of the lifting seat 22 is provided with an extrusion driver 24, and the output end of the extrusion driver 24 is connected to the extrusion screw 23 through the crawler 25. In this embodiment, the lifting seat 22 is a lifting structure that can drive the extrusion screw 23 and the extrusion tube 21 to rise and fall synchronously to ensure the extrusion capacity of the 3D printing device. The extrusion driver 24 is set to drive the crawler 25 to rotate, and then drive the extrusion screw 23 to rotate synchronously, so that the printing material is extruded from the controllable nozzle 5 below to achieve printing, and when the extrusion screw 23 rotates, continuous and uniform material discharge can be achieved to ensure processing quality.

[0029] Specifically, the heating temperature control mechanism 3 includes a temperature control module 31, a heater 32 and a heat insulation layer 33. The outer wall of the extrusion tube 21 is wrapped with a heat insulation layer 33. A heater 32 is arranged between the extrusion tube 21 and the heat insulation layer 33. The temperature control module 31 is arranged on the outer wall of the heat insulation layer 33, and the temperature control module 31 is electrically connected to the heater 32. In this embodiment, the set temperature control module 31 can monitor the temperature of the printed material in the extrusion tube 21 in real time, and the staff can also manually adjust the working temperature range of the temperature control module 31. The set heater 32 can receive instructions from the temperature control module 31, heat the printed material in the extrusion tube 21, and dynamically control the temperature of the material. The set heat insulation layer 33 can isolate the heat dissipation of the extrusion tube 21, reduce the energy consumption of the device, and prevent the staff from being scalded.

[0030] Specifically, the laser distance adjustment mechanism 4 includes a vertical drive 41, a fixed sawtooth 42 and a laser rangefinder 43. A slide groove 13 is provided on one side of the sliding seat 12. The heat insulation layer 33 is slidably connected to the slide groove 13. The heat insulation layer 33 is provided with a fixed sawtooth 42. The vertical drive 41 is fixed in the slide groove 13, and the output end of the vertical drive 41 is meshed with the fixed sawtooth 42. The laser rangefinder 43 is provided at the bottom of the extrusion tube 21, and the vertical drive 41 and the laser rangefinder 43 are electrically connected. In this embodiment, two fixed sawtooths 42 are provided, and the fixed sawtooths 42 are provided in the vertical direction. The vertical drive 41 can drive the fixed sawtooth 42 to move up and down, thereby driving the heat insulation layer 33 to move up and down synchronously. The laser rangefinder 43 is used to measure the distance between the printing layer and the nozzle of the controllable nozzle 5, thereby controlling the coordinated work of the vertical drive 41 and the lifting seat 22. The vertical drive 41 can adjust the height of the controllable nozzle 5 based on the information feedback of the laser rangefinder 43, so as to achieve accurate stacking after the bottom printing layer is deformed and recalculated.

[0031] Specifically, an annular rotating track 44 is further provided at the bottom of the extrusion tube 21, and a rotating seat 45 is slidably connected to the annular rotating track 44, and the laser rangefinder 43 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotating seat 45. In this embodiment, the rotating seat 45 is also provided with a power driver, which can drive the rotating seat 45 to slide circumferentially on the annular rotating track 44 to achieve the purpose of adjusting the position of the laser rangefinder 43, and the rotating seat 45 can also drive the laser rangefinder 43 to rotate, so as to change the direction of the laser beam of the laser rangefinder 43, thereby achieving the purpose of measuring the distance of the inclined surface.

[0032] Specifically, a sawtooth track 46 is further provided on the side wall of the chute 13, and the sawtooth track 46 is meshed with the fixed sawtooth 42. In this embodiment, the sawtooth track 46 cooperates with the fixed sawtooth 42, so that the vertical movement adjustment is more coordinated.

[0033] Working principle: First, a printing model is established based on the construction structure, and parameters such as nozzle steering and nozzle diameter are set according to the existing environmental characteristics, and the corresponding code is derived. The code is used to guide the printing device to complete the printing. Then the prepared printing material or the original printing material is placed in the extrusion tube 21, and the corresponding temperature is set through the temperature control module 31. During normal printing, it only needs to be set at room temperature. When the temperature is at the set value, printing can be performed based on the code. During the printing process, the laser rangefinder 43 will drive the laser rangefinder 43 to rotate according to the established printing model path and through the rotating seat 45, so as to measure the distance between the laser rangefinder 43 and the printing platform or the top surface of the printed layer in advance, and then adjust the nozzle height of the controllable nozzle 5 and the height of the extrusion screw 23 through information feedback to the vertical movement driver 41 and the lifting seat 22 until the printing is completed.

[0034] When lateral obstruction occurs, the direction of the outlet of the bottommost tube section 53 can be adjusted and controlled by the cooperation of more than two rotating drivers 51, the rotating connecting cassette 52 and the tube section 53, so that the nozzle can rotate at an angle of 0° to 90° with the vertical direction to avoid obstacles. At the same time, the contraction driver 541 can drive the sleeve 542 to slide, and then drive the external nozzle piece 546 to expand or gather through the push-pull rod 543, and drive the internal nozzle piece 545 to move synchronously, thereby changing the diameter of the nozzle to meet the printing requirements of different parts of the workpiece.

[0035] The present invention is described by preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments falling within the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D printing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a translation mechanism (1), an extrusion mechanism (2), a heating and temperature control mechanism (3), a laser distance adjustment mechanism (4) and a controllable nozzle (5); the translation mechanism (1) comprises a sliding guide rail (11) and a sliding seat (12); the sliding guide rail (11) is slidably connected to the sliding seat (12); the sliding seat (12) is provided with an extrusion mechanism (2); the extrusion mechanism (2) comprises an extrusion tube (21); the laser distance adjustment mechanism (4) is provided on the sliding seat (12) and is used for driving the extrusion tube (21) to move up and down; the heating and temperature control mechanism (3) is provided on the side wall of the extrusion tube (21); the bottom of the extrusion tube (21) is connected with a controllable nozzle (5); The controllable nozzle (5) comprises a rotary driver (51), a rotary connection cassette (52), a pipe section (53) and a nozzle size adjustment member (54). More than two pipe sections (53) are provided, and adjacent pipe sections (53) are rotatably connected via the rotary connection cassette (52). A rotary driver (51) meshing with the rotary connection cassette (52) is provided on the same side of each rotary connection cassette (52), and the rotary driver (51) is connected to one of the pipe sections (53). The free end of the pipe section (53) at the top is connected to the bottom outlet of the extrusion tube (21), and the free end of the pipe section (53) at the bottom is connected to the nozzle size adjustment member (54).

2. A 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle size adjusting member (54) comprises a contraction driver (541), a sleeve (542), a push-pull rod (543), a tension spring (544), an internal nozzle piece (545) and an external nozzle piece (546); the sleeve (542) is sleeved on the pipe section (53) at the bottom end; the contraction driver (541) is fixedly mounted on the pipe section (53) at the bottom end; and the output end of the contraction driver (541) is connected to the sleeve (542); the pipe section (53) at the bottom end is The free end of the pipe section (53) is also provided with more than two internal nozzle pieces (545) and external nozzle pieces (546) arranged in a ring shape and hinged to the end face of the pipe section (53); one end of the tension spring (544) is connected to the internal nozzle piece (545); the other end of the tension spring (544) is connected to the outer wall of the pipe section (53) at the bottom; one end of the push-pull rod (543) is hinged to the external nozzle piece (546); the other end of the push-pull rod (543) is hinged to the sleeve (542).

3. A 3D printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pipe section (53) at the bottom is also rotatably connected to a fixed gear (547), and the fixed gear (547) is meshed with a rack (548) on the sleeve (542).

4. A 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion mechanism (2) further comprises a lifting seat (22), an extrusion screw (23), an extrusion driver (24) and a crawler belt (25); the lifting seat (22) is fixedly arranged on the top of the sliding seat (12); one end of the lifting seat (22) is vertically rotatably connected to the extrusion screw (23), and the bottom end of the extrusion screw (23) extends into the extrusion tube (21); the other end of the lifting seat (22) is provided with an extrusion driver (24); the output end of the extrusion driver (24) is transmission-connected to the extrusion screw (23) via the crawler belt (25).

5. A 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature control mechanism (3) comprises a temperature control module (31), a heater (32) and a heat insulation layer (33); the outer wall of the extruded tube (21) is wrapped with the heat insulation layer (33); the heater (32) is arranged between the extruded tube (21) and the heat insulation layer (33); the temperature control module (31) is arranged on the outer wall of the heat insulation layer (33); and the temperature control module (31) is electrically connected to the heater (32).

6. A 3D printing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The laser distance adjustment mechanism (4) comprises a vertical drive (41), a fixed sawtooth (42) and a laser rangefinder (43); a slide groove (13) is provided on one side of the sliding seat (12); the heat insulation layer (33) is slidably connected to the slide groove (13); a fixed sawtooth (42) is provided on the heat insulation layer (33); the vertical drive (41) is fixedly arranged in the slide groove (13); and the output end of the vertical drive (41) is meshed with the fixed sawtooth (42); the laser rangefinder (43) is arranged at the bottom of the extrusion tube (21); and the vertical drive (41) and the laser rangefinder (43) are electrically connected.

7. A 3D printing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the extrusion tube (21) is also provided with an annular rotating track (44), a rotating seat (45) is slidably connected to the annular rotating track (44), and the laser rangefinder (43) is fixedly arranged at the output end of the rotating seat (45).

8. A 3D printing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A sawtooth track (46) is also provided on the side wall of the slide groove (13), and the sawtooth track (46) is meshed with the fixed saw teeth (42).

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