Direct current charging circuit and electric automobile

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a direct current charging circuit and an electric vehicle. The direct current charging circuit comprises a short circuit prevention module; the anode of the charging pile, the anode of the battery pack, the cathode of the battery pack and the cathode of the charging pile form the current loop; the short circuit prevention module is used for disconnecting the current loop when the charging pile is short-circuited and is a semiconductor module. According to the embodiment of the invention, the risk of fusing the fuse of the battery pack can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular to a direct current charging circuit and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, new energy vehicles have developed rapidly, users' recognition of new energy vehicles has gradually increased, and the market share of new energy vehicles has gradually increased. In order to solve the problem of charging time, DC charging technology has become the preferred solution for fast charging of electric vehicles. In order to shorten the charging time, the DC charging power needs to be increased, but under the condition of constant voltage, only the DC charging current can be increased, so the charging current gradually increases.

[0003] During the DC charging process, if a short-circuit-related fault occurs in the DC charging pile, the DC charging contactor is generally disconnected to prevent the high-voltage system of the vehicle from being short-circuited. However, the action response time of the contactor is relatively long. When the short-circuit-related fault of the DC charging pile is detected, the contactor is disconnected. Before the contactor is disconnected, the battery pack has been short-circuited, causing the battery pack to output a large current, which may cause the fuse of the battery pack to melt and the vehicle to break down. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a DC charging circuit and an electric vehicle, which can reduce the risk of a fuse in a battery pack blowing.

[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a DC charging circuit, including an anti-short circuit module; the anti-short circuit module is arranged in a current loop;

[0006] The positive electrode of the charging pile, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack and the negative electrode of the charging pile constitute the current loop; the anti-short circuit module is used to disconnect the current loop when the charging pile is short-circuited.

[0007] Optionally, the DC charging circuit also includes: a first positive contactor and a first negative contactor; the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile through the first positive contactor, and the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected to the negative electrode of the charging pile through the first negative contactor.

[0008] Optionally, the DC charging circuit also includes a second positive contactor and a second negative contactor; the positive electrode of the charging pile, the first positive contactor, the second positive contactor, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack, the first negative contactor, the second negative contactor and the negative electrode of the charging pile form a current loop.

[0009] Optionally, the anti-short circuit module includes a semiconductor module, and a response speed of the anti-short circuit module is greater than a response speed of a contactor.

[0010] Optionally, the short-circuit prevention module includes at least one diode.

[0011] Optionally, when the at least one diode includes at least two diodes, the at least two diodes are connected in parallel or in series.

[0012] Optionally, the diode is a body diode of a semiconductor switch in the motor controller.

[0013] Optionally, the DC charging circuit also includes a bridge arm module and an inductor module, the positive pole of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor, the second end of the first positive contactor is connected to the first end of the bridge arm module, the negative pole of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first negative contactor, the second end of the first negative contactor is connected to the second end of the bridge arm module and the first end of the second negative contactor, the second end of the second negative contactor is connected to the negative pole of the charging pile, the midpoint of the bridge arm of the bridge arm module is connected to the first end of the inductor module, the second end of the inductor module is connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, and the second end of the second positive contactor is connected to the positive pole of the charging pile.

[0014] Optionally, the bridge arm module includes N bridge arm units in parallel, each bridge arm unit includes an upper bridge semiconductor switch and a lower bridge semiconductor switch connected in series; the inductor module includes N inductors; the first ends of the N inductors are connected one-to-one to the bridge arm midpoints of the N bridge arm units, the second ends of the N inductors are connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, the bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm unit is the connection point of the upper bridge semiconductor switch and the lower bridge semiconductor switch of each bridge arm unit, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0015] Optionally, the semiconductor switch includes an insulated gate transistor or a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.

[0016] Optionally, the DC charging circuit also includes a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the pre-charging resistor, and the second end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to the second end of the first positive contactor.

[0017] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electric vehicle, comprising a DC charging circuit as described in any one of the first aspects of the embodiments of the present application.

[0018] The DC charging circuit of the embodiment of the present application includes an anti-short circuit module; the anti-short circuit module is arranged in the current loop; the positive electrode of the charging pile, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack and the negative electrode of the charging pile form the current loop; the anti-short circuit module is used to disconnect the current loop when the charging pile is short-circuited. In the embodiment of the present application, the anti-short circuit module is arranged in the current loop, and when the charging pile is short-circuited, the anti-short circuit module can disconnect the current loop. Compared with the contactor, the anti-short circuit module disconnects the current loop faster, thereby reducing the risk of the fuse of the battery pack blowing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, products or devices.

[0027] Reference to "embodiments" in this application means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments.

[0028] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the DC charging circuit may include an anti-short circuit module; the anti-short circuit module is arranged in the current loop;

[0029] The positive electrode of the charging pile, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack and the negative electrode of the charging pile constitute the current loop; the anti-short circuit module is used to disconnect the current loop when the charging pile is short-circuited.

[0030] The battery pack may be composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in series. The charging pile may be a DC charging pile. The battery pack may be a power battery pack on an electric vehicle.

[0031] The current loop can be a charging current loop (the current loop that the charging pile uses to charge the battery pack) or a discharging current loop (the current loop that the battery pack uses to discharge the battery pack). When the charging pile is charging the battery pack, the anti-short circuit module will not disconnect the charging current loop. When the battery pack is discharging to the charging pile, the anti-short circuit module will disconnect the discharging current loop, thereby quickly disconnecting the discharging current loop when there is a risk of a short circuit in the charging pile, thereby reducing the risk of the battery pack fuse blowing.

[0032] The short-circuit protection module can be set at any position of the current loop between the battery pack and the charging pile. Figure 1 The anti-short circuit module is set between the positive electrode of the battery pack and the positive electrode of the charging pile. The anti-short circuit module can allow the charging pile to charge the battery pack and block the battery pack from discharging to the charging pile. When the charging pile is short-circuited, the anti-short circuit module can disconnect the current loop in time, thereby reducing the risk of the battery pack fuse blowing.

[0033] The short circuit prevention module may include at least one of a diode, an insulate gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and a field effect transistor may include a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). MOSFET may also be called a MOS tube. Both the IGBT and the MOS tube may include a body diode.

[0034] Optionally, the anti-short circuit module includes a semiconductor module, and a response speed of the anti-short circuit module is greater than a response speed of a contactor.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, the short-circuit prevention module is arranged in the current loop. When the charging pile is short-circuited, the short-circuit prevention module can disconnect the current loop. Compared with the contactor, the short-circuit prevention module disconnects the current loop faster, thereby reducing the risk of the fuse of the battery pack blowing. Figure 2 , Figure 2 : is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. The DC charging circuit also includes: a first positive contactor and a first negative contactor; the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile through the first positive contactor, and the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected to the negative electrode of the charging pile through the first negative contactor.

[0036] Figure 2 In the circuit, the positive electrode of the charging pile, the first positive electrode contactor, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack, the first negative electrode contactor and the negative electrode of the charging pile form a current loop.

[0037] Figure 2 The anti-short circuit module is arranged between the first positive contactor and the positive electrode of the charging pile.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the fuse of the battery pack can be connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery pack and the first positive electrode contactor, or can be arranged between each battery cell. The fuse of the battery pack can disconnect the current loop when an overcurrent is detected.

[0039] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 is Figure 2 Based on this, we can further obtain Figure 3As shown, the short-circuit prevention module may include a diode D1. The positive electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the second end of the first positive contactor, and the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor. The diode D1 can prevent the current from flowing from the positive electrode of the battery pack to the positive electrode of the charging pile, thereby disconnecting the current loop in time when the charging pile is short-circuited, thereby reducing the risk of the fuse of the battery pack blowing.

[0040] Optionally, the short-circuit prevention module includes at least one diode.

[0041] Among them, at least one diode tube is a high-power diode. A diode with high voltage resistance and high current carrying capacity can be selected. Exemplarily, if the voltage of the battery pack is 800V and the maximum charging current of the battery pack is 300A, a diode with a voltage resistance greater than 800V and a current carrying capacity greater than 300A can be selected. When the anti-short circuit module includes a diode, a diode with a voltage resistance higher than the voltage of the battery pack (the voltage of the battery pack can be the voltage when the battery pack is fully charged) and a current carrying capacity greater than the maximum charging current of the battery pack can be selected. In the process of charging the battery pack by the charging pile, the diode can be prevented from being damaged due to overcurrent or overvoltage (for example, the diode is broken down due to overcurrent, overvoltage, or overtemperature).

[0042] Optionally, at least one diode is connected in parallel or in series.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present application, when at least one diode includes at least two diodes, at least two diodes can be connected in parallel, which can reduce the current flowing through each diode. Each diode can select a diode with a smaller current carrying capacity, thereby reducing the cost of the diode and further reducing the cost of the entire anti-short circuit module.

[0044] At least two diodes can be connected in series, which can reduce the voltage flowing through each diode. Each diode can be selected with a smaller voltage resistance, thereby reducing the cost of the diode and further reducing the cost of the entire short-circuit protection module.

[0045] When at least one diode includes at least three diodes, the at least three diodes can be connected in series and in parallel, which can reduce the voltage flowing through the parallel diodes. By reducing the voltage flowing through the series diodes, series diodes with lower voltage resistance can be selected, and parallel diodes with lower current resistance can be selected, thereby reducing the cost of the diodes and further reducing the cost of the entire short-circuit protection module.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present application, an anti-short-circuit module is arranged in the current loop. When the charging pile is short-circuited, the anti-short-circuit module can disconnect the current loop. The anti-short-circuit module is a semiconductor module. The response speed of the anti-short-circuit module is greater than the response speed of the contactor. Compared with the contactor, the anti-short-circuit module disconnects the current loop faster, thereby reducing the risk of the battery pack fuse blowing.

[0047] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 is Figure 3 Based on this, we can further obtain Figure 4 As shown, the DC charging circuit also includes a second positive contactor and a second negative contactor; the positive electrode of the charging pile, the first positive contactor, the second positive contactor, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack, the first negative contactor, the second negative contactor and the negative electrode of the charging pile form a current loop.

[0048] Figure 4 In the embodiment, the short circuit prevention module may include a diode D1, the positive electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, the second end of the second positive contactor is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile, the negative electrode of the diode is connected to the second end of the first positive contactor, and the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor.

[0049] Optional, such as Figure 4 As shown, the DC charging circuit also includes a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the pre-charging resistor, and the second end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to the second end of the first positive contactor.

[0050] in, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The diode D1 in the circuit can be a diode newly added to the original DC charging circuit. The diode D1 can be a high-power diode.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the original vehicle hardware design, by adding a high-power diode, it will not affect the normal DC charging process of the whole vehicle, and when a short-circuit related fault occurs in the charging pile (DC charging pile), the unidirectional conductivity of the diode D1 can be used to cut off the short-circuit current loop in time, thereby avoiding the battery pack fuse (main fuse) from melting and causing the whole vehicle to break down.

[0052] Figure 4In the process of starting DC charging in the vehicle OFF gear, the vehicle-side process is as follows: 1) energize the second positive contactor and the second negative contactor; 2) energize the first negative contactor; 3) energize the pre-charge contactor; 4) energize the first positive contactor; 5) disconnect the pre-charge contactor; and then perform normal DC charging. During the DC charging process, if a short-circuit-related fault occurs in the charging pile, since the first positive contactor, the first negative contactor, the second positive contactor, and the second negative contactor are not disconnected in time, the high-power diode D1 uses unidirectional conductivity to prevent the battery pack from being short-circuited, thereby preventing the battery pack fuse from blowing and preventing the vehicle from breaking down.

[0053] Optionally, the diode is a body diode of a semiconductor switch in the motor controller.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the diode can be replaced by the body diode of the semiconductor switch in the motor controller, thereby reducing the cost.

[0055] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another DC charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the DC charging circuit also includes a bridge arm module and an inductor module, the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor through a fuse, the second end of the first positive contactor is connected to the first end of the bridge arm module, the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first negative contactor, the second end of the first negative contactor is connected to the second end of the bridge arm module and the first end of the second negative contactor, the second end of the second negative contactor is connected to the negative electrode of the charging pile, the midpoint of the bridge arm of the bridge arm module is connected to the first end of the inductor module, the second end of the inductor module is connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, and the second end of the second positive contactor is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile. The bridge arm module and the inductor module can be components of the motor controller.

[0056] Optionally, the bridge arm module includes N bridge arm units in parallel, each bridge arm unit includes an upper bridge semiconductor switch and a lower bridge semiconductor switch connected in series; the inductor module includes N inductors; the first ends of the N inductors are connected one-to-one to the bridge arm midpoints of the N bridge arm units, the second ends of the N inductors are connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, the bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm unit is the connection point of the upper bridge semiconductor switch and the lower bridge semiconductor switch of each bridge arm unit, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0057] Figure 5Take N=3 as an example. When starting DC charging, the process on the vehicle side is as follows: 1) energize the second positive contactor and the second negative contactor; 2) control the upper bridge semiconductor switch of each bridge arm unit to be turned on, and the lower bridge semiconductor switch to be turned off; 3) energize the first negative contactor; 4) energize the pre-charge contactor; 5) energize the first positive contactor; 6) disconnect the pre-charge contactor; and then perform normal DC charging. During the DC charging process, if a short-circuit-related fault occurs in the charging pile, since the first positive contactor, the first negative contactor, the second positive contactor, and the second negative contactor are not disconnected in time, the upper bridge semiconductor switch and the lower bridge semiconductor switch of each bridge arm unit are immediately controlled by the motor controller to be turned off. At this time, the body diode of the semiconductor switch uses unidirectional conductivity to prevent the battery pack from being short-circuited, thereby preventing the fuse of the battery pack from blowing and preventing the vehicle from breaking down.

[0058] Optionally, the semiconductor switch includes an insulated gate transistor or a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.

[0059] Among them, an insulate gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) includes a body diode.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the high-power diode can be replaced by an IGBT. During the DC charging process, when a short-circuit-related fault occurs in the DC charging pile, the unidirectional conductivity of the IGBT body diode is used to promptly cut off the short-circuit current loop, thereby preventing the fuse of the battery pack from blowing and preventing the vehicle from breaking down.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, the high-power diode can be replaced by a MOSFET. During the DC charging process, when a short-circuit-related fault occurs in the DC charging pile, the unidirectional conductivity of the MOSFET body diode is used to promptly cut off the short-circuit current loop, thereby preventing the fuse of the battery pack from blowing and preventing the vehicle from breaking down.

[0062] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, the DC charging circuit also includes a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the pre-charging resistor, and the second end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to the second end of the first positive contactor.

[0063] The pre-charge contactor and the pre-charge resistor form a pre-charge charging circuit, which can realize the pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor. Before starting the charging, the capacitor is charged in advance to ensure the smooth conversion of electric energy when starting the charging.

[0064] The DC charging circuit of the embodiment of the present application can protect the power battery pack of the vehicle. It can avoid the main fuse of the power battery pack from melting due to internal short-circuit related faults of the DC charging pile when the vehicle is DC charging, and reduce the damage to the power battery pack caused by the large impact of short-circuit current to a certain extent. When the main fuse of the power battery pack melts, the vehicle breaks down, resulting in a high vehicle failure rate and high after-sales market maintenance costs. The DC charging circuit of the embodiment of the present application can reduce the vehicle breakdown failure rate, thereby saving the vehicle after-sales maintenance costs.

[0065] The embodiment of the present application may also provide an electric vehicle, which includes any one of the above-mentioned DC charging circuits. The DC charging circuit can charge the battery pack of the electric vehicle through a charging pile. If a short-circuit-related fault occurs in the charging pile during the DC charging process, the short-circuit prevention module can prevent the battery pack from being short-circuited, thereby preventing the fuse of the battery pack from blowing and preventing the vehicle from breaking down.

[0066] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0067] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed DC charging circuit and on-board charger can be implemented in other ways. For example, the DC charging circuit embodiments described above are only schematic, and the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

Claims

1. A DC charging circuit, characterized in that: It includes an anti-short circuit module; the anti-short circuit module is arranged in the current loop; The positive electrode of the charging pile, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack and the negative electrode of the charging pile constitute the current loop; the anti-short circuit module is used to disconnect the current loop when the charging pile is short-circuited.

2. The DC charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC charging circuit also includes: a first positive contactor and a first negative contactor; the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile through the first positive contactor, and the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected to the negative electrode of the charging pile through the first negative contactor.

3. The DC charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DC charging circuit also includes a second positive contactor and a second negative contactor; the positive electrode of the charging pile, the first positive contactor, the second positive contactor, the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the battery pack, the first negative contactor, the second negative contactor and the negative electrode of the charging pile form a current loop.

4. The DC charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-short circuit module includes a semiconductor module, and the response speed of the anti-short circuit module is greater than the response speed of the contactor.

5. The DC charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short circuit prevention module includes at least one diode.

6. The DC charging circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the case that the at least one diode includes at least two diodes, the at least two diodes are connected in parallel or in series.

7. The DC charging circuit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The diode is the body diode of a semiconductor switch in the motor controller.

8. The DC charging circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The DC charging circuit also includes a bridge arm module and an inductor module, the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor, the second end of the first positive contactor is connected to the first end of the bridge arm module, the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the first negative contactor, the second end of the first negative contactor is connected to the second end of the bridge arm module and the first end of the second negative contactor, the second end of the second negative contactor is connected to the negative electrode of the charging pile, the midpoint of the bridge arm of the bridge arm module is connected to the first end of the inductor module, the second end of the inductor module is connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, and the second end of the second positive contactor is connected to the positive electrode of the charging pile.

9. The DC charging circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bridge arm module includes N bridge arm units connected in parallel, each bridge arm unit includes an upper bridge semiconductor switch and a lower bridge semiconductor switch connected in series; the inductor module includes N inductors; the first ends of the N inductors are connected to the bridge arm midpoints of the N bridge arm units in a one-to-one correspondence, the second ends of the N inductors are connected to the first end of the second positive contactor, the bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm unit is the connection point of the upper bridge semiconductor switch and the lower bridge semiconductor switch of each bridge arm unit, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

10. The DC charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DC charging circuit also includes a pre-charging contactor and a pre-charging resistor, wherein the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the first positive contactor, the first end of the pre-charging contactor is connected to the first end of the pre-charging resistor, and the second end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to the second end of the first positive contactor.

11. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a DC charging circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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