Folding structure and folding bed
By designing a folding unit and a support bar that can be folded in the width direction in the folding structure of the folding bed, the problem of large volume of the existing folding bed is solved, and a smaller folding volume and more convenient carrying and storage are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420935800.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-30
AI Technical Summary
The existing folding bed cannot be folded in the width direction, resulting in a large volume after folding and inconvenient carrying and storage.
A folding structure is designed, including two supporting crossbars and at least two folding units, the folding unit consisting of a first folding seat, a folding assembly and a support crossbar, the folding assembly being rotatable in a first direction to close or expand the support crossbar and to fold the support bar section in a second direction.
The folding and closing of the folding structure in two directions is realized, which significantly reduces the folded volume and facilitates users to carry, carry and store.
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Figure CN222656649U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of outdoor products, and in particular to a folding structure and a folding bed. Background Art
[0002] A folding bed is a simple bed designed using the principle of joints. It can be folded and stored in various ways for convenience and space saving. Due to its advantages of being easy to use and carry, folding beds can usually play an extraordinary role in outings or outdoor projects. People can take folding beds with them when they go out, so that they can enjoy the most comfortable home experience in the smallest space. In addition, the folding bed can be unfolded and folded for storage, so that when the folding bed needs to be transported or stored, it can be folded, effectively reducing the volume of the folding bed, thereby reducing the space occupied by the folding bed for transportation or storage, and making it convenient for users to carry and store.
[0003] However, among the folding beds in the prior art, most of them can only be folded in the length direction of the bed body, but cannot be folded in the width direction of the bed body, resulting in that the folding bed is still large in size after folding, and requires more space. It is difficult for users to carry and transport it, and it is also very inconvenient to store it, resulting in a poor user experience. Summary of the invention
[0004] One purpose of the present application is to provide a folding structure that is easy to fold and has good stability. The folding structure has a small volume after being folded and stored, and is very convenient to carry and store.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the present application is: a folding structure, comprising two supporting cross bars arranged side by side and spaced apart along a first direction and at least two folding units arranged spaced apart along a second direction, the folding unit comprising a first folding seat and two folding components, one end of the folding component is rotatably connected to the first folding seat, and the other end of the folding component is connected to the supporting cross bar, and the two folding components can rotate in the first direction relative to the first folding seat to drive the two supporting cross bars to fold or unfold.
[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the folding component includes a first rotating rod, a second rotating rod and a second folding seat, two ends of the first rotating rod are hinged to the first folding seat and the second folding seat respectively, one end of the second rotating rod is hinged to the second folding seat, and the other end of the second rotating rod is connected to the supporting cross bar, the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod can be rotated in a first direction to be folded or unfolded, when the folding unit is in an unfolded state, the two first rotating rods are connected end to end, the first rotating rod, the second rotating rod and the supporting cross bar form a trapezoidal structure in the second direction, when the folding unit is in a folded state, the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod overlap with each other, the first rotating rod, the second rotating rod and the supporting cross bar form an M-shaped structure in the second direction, the folding unit is an M-shaped structure, and the two supporting cross bars are close together.
[0007] As another preferred embodiment, the first folding seat includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the first connecting part is hinged to the second connecting part, the first connecting part is connected to the first rotating rod in the folding component, the second connecting part is connected to the first rotating rod in another folding component, and the end of the first connecting part extends toward one side of the second connecting part to form a limiting part, and the limiting part is suitable for limiting the maximum unfolding angle of the second connecting part.
[0008] Further preferably, a locking piece is also provided on the first rotating rod connected to the second connecting part, and a limiting groove cooperating with the locking piece is provided on the limiting part, and the locking piece is suitable for being detachably embedded in the limiting groove, so as to keep the first rotating rod in the unfolded state when the external force does not exceed a preset value.
[0009] Further preferably, an unlocking button is further provided on the limiting portion, one end of the unlocking button is located in the limiting groove, and the unlocking button is suitable for being pressed to push the locking member out of the limiting groove.
[0010] Further preferably, the length of the first rotating rod is not greater than the length of the second rotating rod.
[0011] Further preferably, the supporting cross bar includes two supporting rod sections and a first connecting seat, the two supporting rod sections are respectively hinged at two ends of the first connecting seat, the supporting rod sections include a first support rod, a second support rod and a second connecting seat, one end of the first support rod is hinged to the second connecting seat, the other end of the first support rod is connected to the third connecting seat, and the two ends of the second support rod are respectively hinged to the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, so that the first support rod and the second support rod can be folded inward in sequence in the second direction.
[0012] Further preferably, each of the folding units is arranged between the two supporting cross bars by being connected to each connecting seat, the folding unit is connected to the first connecting seat or the second connecting seat to form a fixed folding unit, and the folding unit is connected to the third connecting seat to form a movable folding unit, the fixed folding unit is vertically arranged to the first connecting seat or the second connecting seat, and the fixed folding unit cannot rotate in the second direction relative to the first connecting seat or the second connecting seat, the movable folding unit can rotate in the second direction relative to the third connecting seat, and the movable folding unit can be flipped to be perpendicular to the first support rod, or flipped to be arranged parallel to the first support rod.
[0013] Further preferably, the length of the first support rod is smaller than the length of the second support rod, and the distance between the hinge points of the two second support rods on the first connecting seat is larger than the distance between the hinge point of the first support rod and the hinge point of the second support rod on the second connecting seat.
[0014] Another object of the present application is to provide a folding bed, which includes the folding structure mentioned above.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:
[0016] The folding structure of the present application is provided with a folding unit between the supporting cross bars. The folding component in the folding unit is hinged by a first folding seat. The folding component can be rotated and folded in a first direction to bring the two supporting cross bars together. After the supporting cross bars are folded, the first support bar and the second support bar can be further folded inward in sequence, so that the folding structure can also be folded in the second direction. The folding structure can be folded and gathered in the first direction and the second direction at the same time, reducing the size of the folding structure in the first direction and the second direction, thereby reducing the volume of the folded structure, which is convenient for users to carry, transport and store. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the folding structure of the present application when it is in an unfolded state;
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the folding unit in the folding structure of the present application when it is unfolded;
[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the folding unit in the folding structure of the present application when it is folded;
[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the first folding seat in the folding structure of the present application;
[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a first rotating rod and a locking member in the folding structure of the present application;
[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the folding process of the folding structure of this application Figure 1 ;
[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the folding process of the folding structure of this application Figure 2 ;
[0024] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the folding process of the folding structure of this application Figure 3 ;
[0025] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the folding process of the folding structure of this application Figure 4 ;
[0026] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the folding structure of the present application in a folded state.
[0027] In the figure: 100, supporting cross bar; 110, supporting rod section; 111, first support rod; 112, second support rod; 113, second connecting seat; 114, third connecting seat; 120, first connecting seat; 200, folding unit; 200a, movable folding unit; 200b, fixed folding unit; 210, folding assembly; 211, first rotating rod; 212, second rotating rod; 213, second folding seat; 220, first folding seat; 221, first connecting part; 222, second connecting part; 223, limiting part; 224, limiting groove; 225, unlocking button; 230, locking member; 231, elastic locking sheet; 232, limiting protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Below, the present application is further described in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.
[0029] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that directional words, such as the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating directions and positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of narrating the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and cannot be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present application.
[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.
[0031] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.
[0032] like Figure 1-10 As shown, in one embodiment provided in the present application, the folding structure specifically includes two supporting cross bars 100 and five folding units 200 .
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the two support crossbars 100 are arranged side by side in a first direction, and the five folding units 200 are connected between the two support crossbars 100. The two ends of each folding unit 200 are respectively connected to the two support crossbars 100, and the five folding units 200 are arranged side by side in a second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the first direction is the width direction of the folding structure in the left and right directions, and the second direction is the length direction of the folding structure. Each folding unit 200 can be folded or unfolded in the first direction, so that the two support crossbars 100 are folded close to each other or unfolded away from each other.
[0034] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the folding unit 200 includes two folding components 210, a first folding seat 220 is connected between the two folding components 210, and the two folding components 210 are rotatably connected to the two ends of the first folding seat 220, so that the two folding components 210 can be rotated in the first direction relative to the first folding seat 220 to be folded or unfolded. The folding component 210 further includes a first rotating rod 211, a second rotating rod 212 and a second folding seat 213. The length of the first rotating rod 211 is not greater than the length of the second rotating rod 212. The two ends of the first rotating rod 211 are rotatably connected to the first folding seat 220 and the second folding seat 213, respectively. One end of the second rotating rod 212 is rotatably connected to the second folding seat 213, and the other end of the second rotating rod 212 is connected to the supporting cross bar 100. The first rotating rod 211 and the second rotating rod 212 can be rotated in the first direction relative to the first folding seat 220 and the second folding seat 213 to be folded or unfolded. When the folding unit 200 is unfolded, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the first rotating rod 211, the second rotating rod 212 and the second folding seat 213 in the two folding components 210 are in a trapezoidal structure, the two supporting cross bars 100 are spread apart from each other, the two first rotating rods 211 are connected end to end through the first folding seat 220, and the first rotating rod 211 and the second rotating rod 212 play a supporting role for the supporting cross bar 100; when the folding unit 200 is folded, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the first rotating rod 211 and the second rotating rod 212 are rotated and folded in the first direction, the first rotating rod 211, the second rotating rod 212 and the second folding seat 213 in the two folding components 210 are in an M-shaped structure, and the two supporting cross bars 100 are folded close to each other.
[0035] That is, the user can fold the folding structure in the first direction by folding the folding unit 200, thereby reducing the size of the folding structure in the first direction after being folded, making it convenient for the user to store and carry the folded folding structure.
[0036] Furthermore, if Figure 4-5 As shown, the first folding seat 220 includes a first connecting portion 221 and a second connecting portion 222, the first connecting portion 221 is hinged to the second connecting portion 222, the first connecting portion 221 is connected to the first rotating rod 211 in the folding component 210, and the second connecting portion 222 is connected to the first rotating rod 211 in another adjacent folding component 210. At the same time, one end of the first connecting portion 221 extends toward one side of the second connecting portion 222 to form a limiting portion 223, and the limiting portion 223 is suitable for limiting the maximum unfolding angle of the second connecting portion 222 and the first rotating rod 211. In the embodiment shown, the maximum unfolding angle of the second connecting portion 222 and the first rotating rod 211 is limited to 180°.
[0037] A locking member 230 is also provided on the first rotating rod 211 connected to the second connecting portion 222, and a limiting groove 224 cooperating with the locking member 230 is provided on the limiting portion 223. The locking member 230 is suitable for being detachably embedded in the limiting groove 224, so as to keep the two first rotating rods 211 in the unfolded state when the external force does not exceed the preset value. The specific structure of the locking member 230 can be implemented as an elastic locking piece 231, on which a limiting protrusion 232 is provided. The elastic locking piece 231 is arranged in the first rotating rod 211, and the limiting protrusion 232 can pass through the opening on the first rotating rod 211 and protrude from the surface of the first rotating rod 211. When the two first rotating rods 211 are maintained in the unfolded state, the limiting protrusion 232 on the elastic locking piece 231 is embedded in the limiting groove 224 to limit the rotation of the two first rotating rods 211. When the user wants to fold the folding unit 200, the user can press the unlocking button 225 on the limiting portion 223, and the unlocking button 225 is connected to the limiting groove 224, so that the unlocking button 225 can be pressed to push the limiting protrusion 232 to the outside of the limiting groove 224, thereby unlocking the first rotating rod 211.
[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the support cross bar 100 is also configured to be foldable, and the support cross bar 100 can be turned over and folded in the second direction, so that the volume of the folded structure is further reduced. Figure 1 and Figure 6-10As shown, the supporting cross bar 100 includes two supporting rod segments 110, and two adjacent supporting rod segments 110 are connected by a first connecting seat 120. The two supporting rod segments 110 are rotatably connected to the two ends of the first connecting seat 120 respectively. The supporting rod segment 110 includes a first support rod 111 and a second support rod 112. The length of the first support rod 111 is less than the length of the second support rod 112. The first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are connected by a second connecting seat 113. The first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are rotatably connected to the two ends of the second connecting seat 113 respectively. The first support rod 111 is also provided with a third connecting seat 114. In other words, one end of the first support rod 111 is rotatably connected to the second connecting seat 113, and the other end of the first support rod 111 is provided with the third connecting seat 114. The two ends of the second support rod 112 are rotatably connected to the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113 respectively. When the support cross bar 100 is unfolded for use, the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 in the support rod segment 110 are connected end to end via the second connecting seat 113, and the two second support rods 112 of two adjacent support rod segments 110 are connected end to end via the first connecting seat 120; when the user wants to fold the support cross bar 100, the user can fold the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 in the two support rod segments 110 inward in the second direction in sequence, as shown in the steps below. Figure 6-10 As shown, finally, the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113 are arranged in parallel, the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are arranged side by side between the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113, and the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are both arranged perpendicular to the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113.
[0039] Preferably, the distance d between the hinge points of the two second support rods 112 on the first connecting seat 120 is greater than the distance s between the hinge points of the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 on the second connecting seat 113. Preferably, the distance d between the hinge points of the two second support rods 112 on the first connecting seat 120 is greater than twice the distance s between the hinge points of the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 on the second connecting seat 113, that is, d>2s. Therefore, when the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are folded to be perpendicular to the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113, there is enough space between the two second support rods 112 to accommodate the first support rod 111, so that the folded support cross bar 100 can be rectangular, which is convenient for users to store and carry.
[0040] Further, for the foldable support crossbar 100, each folding unit 200 is connected to the support crossbar 100 by connecting to each connection seat on the support crossbar 100, and the two second rotating rods 212 in each folding unit 200 are respectively connected to one of the first connection seat 120, the second connection seat 113, and the third connection seat 114 on the two support crossbars 100 and are arranged between the two support crossbars 100. In addition, the folding unit 200 is connected to the first connection seat 120 and the second connection seat 113 to form a fixed folding unit 200b, and the folding unit 200 is connected to the third connection seat 114 to form a movable folding unit 200a. The second rotating rods 212 at both ends of the fixed folding unit 200b are fixedly connected to the first connecting seat 120 or the second connecting seat 113, the fixed folding unit 200b is vertically arranged with the first connecting seat 120 or the second connecting seat 113, and the fixed folding unit 200b cannot be turned over in the second direction relative to the first connecting seat 120 or the second connecting seat 113; the second rotating rods 212 at both ends of the movable folding unit 200a are rotatably connected to the third connecting seat 114, and the movable folding unit 200a can be turned over in the second direction relative to the third connecting seat 114, such as Figure 6 As shown, the movable folding unit 200a can be turned over to be consistent with the fixed folding unit 200b and vertically arranged between the two supporting cross bars 100, as shown in FIG. Figure 7-10 As shown, the movable folding unit 200a can also be turned over to be arranged side by side with the first support rod 111. At this time, the user can fold the first support rod 111 and the movable folding unit 200a inwardly in the second direction to fold the supporting cross bar 100. It is worth noting that the movable folding unit 200a can only be rotated, folded or unfolded relative to the third connecting seat 114 in the second direction, and cannot be rotated, folded or unfolded relative to the third connecting seat 114 in the first direction.
[0041] The present application also provides a folding bed, which includes the above-mentioned folding structure and a bed cloth, wherein the bed cloth is connected between two supporting cross bars 100. When the user unfolds and uses the folding bed, the bed cloth is stretched out by the folding structure, and the user can lie on the bed cloth to rest. When the user folds and folds the folding bed, the folding bed can be folded and folded in a first direction and a second direction at the same time, so that the folded folding bed is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, thereby reducing the volume of the folding bed and making it convenient for the user to carry and store it.
[0042] Specifically, when the folding bed is unfolded for use, the supporting crossbar 100 and the folding unit 200 are in an unfolded state. Figure 1As shown, the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are connected end to end through the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113, and the two first rotating rods 211 in the folding unit 200 are connected end to end through the first folding seat 220, and the locking member 230 cooperates with the limiting groove 224 to keep the two first rotating rods 211 in the unfolded state. The entire folding unit 200 has a trapezoidal structure to support the supporting cross bar 100, so as to spread out the bed cloth for the user to lie down and rest. When the user folds and folds the folding bed, the user first presses the unlocking button 225 to release the limiting of the first rotating rod 211 by the locking member 230, and then rotates and folds the first rotating rod 211 and the second rotating rod 212 in the first direction, so that the folding unit 200 has an M-shaped structure as a whole, and the two supporting cross bars 100 are folded close together, and the folding bed is folded in the first direction. Figure 6 Then, the user can flip the movable folding unit 200 connected to the third connecting seat 114 to be arranged in parallel with the first support rod 111, and then fold the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 inward in the second direction in sequence, so that the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113 are arranged in parallel, the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 are arranged vertically between the first connecting seat 120 and the second connecting seat 113, and each folding unit 200 is arranged between the first support rod 111 and the second support rod 112 or between two first support rods 111, and the folding bed is folded in the second direction, as shown in FIG. Figure 7-10 shown.
[0043] To sum up, the folding bed in the present embodiment can be folded in the first direction and the second direction of the bed body, and the dimensions of the folding bed in the first direction and the second direction can be reduced, so that the folded folding bed is rectangular in shape as a whole. Under the premise of ensuring the stability and reliability of the structure of the folding bed, it is convenient for users to carry, transport and store it. When in use, the user only needs to rotate the folding unit 200 to the unfolded state, and the locking member 230 will automatically lock the folding unit 200 to keep it in the unfolded state. When folding, the user only needs to press the unlocking button 225 to release the locking member 230 from limiting the folding unit 200 to fold the folding bed. The operation is simple and convenient, which can enhance the user experience.
[0044] The above describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and the specification only describe the principles of the present application. The present application may have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present application for which protection is sought. The scope of protection claimed by the present application is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A folding structure, characterized in that: It includes two supporting cross bars arranged side by side and spaced apart along a first direction and at least two folding units arranged spaced apart along a second direction, the folding unit includes a first folding seat and two folding components, one end of the folding component is rotatably connected to the first folding seat, and the other end of the folding component is connected to the supporting cross bar, and the two folding components can be rotated in the first direction relative to the first folding seat to drive the two supporting cross bars to fold or unfold.
2. The folding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folding assembly includes a first rotating rod, a second rotating rod and a second folding seat, two ends of the first rotating rod are hinged to the first folding seat and the second folding seat respectively, one end of the second rotating rod is hinged to the second folding seat, and the other end of the second rotating rod is connected to the supporting cross bar, the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod can be rotated in a first direction to be folded or unfolded, when the folding unit is in an unfolded state, the two first rotating rods are connected end to end, the first rotating rod, the second rotating rod and the supporting cross bar form a trapezoidal structure in the second direction, when the folding unit is in a folded state, the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod overlap with each other, the first rotating rod, the second rotating rod and the supporting cross bar form an M-shaped structure in the second direction, the folding unit is an M-shaped structure, and the two supporting cross bars are close together.
3. The folding structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first folding seat includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the first connecting part is hinged to the second connecting part, the first connecting part is connected to the first rotating rod in the folding component, the second connecting part is connected to the first rotating rod in another folding component, and the end of the first connecting part extends toward one side of the second connecting part to form a limiting part, and the limiting part is suitable for limiting the maximum unfolding angle of the second connecting part.
4. The folding structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A locking piece is also provided on the first rotating rod connected to the second connecting part, and a limiting groove cooperating with the locking piece is provided on the limiting part, and the locking piece is suitable for being detachably embedded in the limiting groove, so as to keep the first rotating rod in the unfolded state when the external force does not exceed a preset value.
5. The folding structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting portion is also provided with an unlocking button, one end of which is located in the limiting groove, and the unlocking button is suitable for being pressed to push the locking member out of the limiting groove.
6. The folding structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the first rotating rod is not greater than the length of the second rotating rod.
7. The folding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The supporting cross bar includes two supporting rod sections and a first connecting seat, the two supporting rod sections are respectively hinged at the two ends of the first connecting seat, the supporting rod section includes a first support rod, a second support rod and a second connecting seat, one end of the first support rod is hinged to the second connecting seat, the other end of the first support rod is connected to the third connecting seat, the two ends of the second support rod are respectively hinged to the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, so that the first support rod and the second support rod can be folded inward in sequence in the second direction.
8. The folding structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the folding units is arranged between the two supporting cross bars by being connected to each connecting seat. The folding unit is connected to the first connecting seat or the second connecting seat to form a fixed folding unit. The folding unit is connected to the third connecting seat to form a movable folding unit. The fixed folding unit is vertically arranged to the first connecting seat or the second connecting seat, and the fixed folding unit cannot rotate in the second direction relative to the first connecting seat or the second connecting seat. The movable folding unit can rotate in the second direction relative to the third connecting seat. The movable folding unit can be flipped to be perpendicular to the first support rod, or flipped to be arranged in parallel with the first support rod.
9. The folding structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The length of the first support rod is smaller than that of the second support rod, and the distance between the hinge points of the two second support rods on the first connecting seat is larger than the distance between the hinge point of the first support rod and the hinge point of the second support rod on the second connecting seat.
10. A folding bed, characterized in that: It comprises the folding structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.