Ecological purification structure of the outlet into the lake

Abstract

The utility model provides an ecological purification structure for a lake outlet, including a lake outlet and a gravel area, an emergent plant area and an artificial wetland area which are arranged in a diffused manner around the lake outlet. The lake outlet is arranged on the lake shore, a sewage interception net is arranged between the gravel area and the emergent plant area, an inner ecological mesh is arranged between the emergent plant area and the artificial wetland area, an outer ecological mesh is arranged between the artificial wetland and the natural water body, and artificial water grasses and aeration devices are evenly distributed in the artificial wetland area. The gravel area is used to simulate the form of biological films growing on the surface of gravel in a natural riverbed, and the self-purification function of river gravel is used for preliminary purification. It does not need to be configured with complex instruments and automatic control systems, and can operate stably all year round. The ecological planting of emergent plants and the floating wetland of artificial water grasses are combined, and then combined with an aeration device, the ecosystem is effectively balanced and the water ecological environment is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ecological purification technology, and in particular to an ecological purification structure for lake discharge outlets. Background Technology

[0002] Lakes are an important component of global water resources, increasingly valued for their vast natural resources and precious ecological significance. Lakes in and around cities, in particular, have become popular choices for people to connect with and enjoy nature. However, with socio-economic development, urban and surrounding lakes often become pollution dumping grounds. Some combined sewer overflows, and even sewage outlets, directly discharge pollutants into lake areas, carrying various pollutants into the lakes, polluting water quality, damaging lake ecosystems, and leading to frequent eutrophication outbreaks in my country's lakes. As my country's socio-economic development continues, people's demand for a better ecological environment becomes more urgent. A lake with deteriorating water quality and frequent eutrophication is far from meeting the requirements of ecological civilization construction.

[0003] The primary task of water pollution control and ecological restoration of urban lakes is source control and interception of pollutants. However, many urban lakes are located in the core areas of towns, where outdated drainage systems and widespread mixed-flow outlets (combined and incorrectly connected to stormwater and sewage) are common. Furthermore, the presence of thriving commerce and dense residential buildings in the surrounding areas makes the implementation of sewage interception and pipe network management relatively difficult. In addition, the high degree of hardening in the catchment areas of urban lakes means that initial rainwater discharge from stormwater outlets is also a significant contributor to lake pollution. With the nation's vigorous promotion of ecological civilization and increasing efforts in water environment management, various projects are underway, leading to a significant improvement in water quality. However, the problem of water pollution caused by rainwater discharge will become increasingly prominent. Therefore, designing a rainwater outfall purification system that can effectively reduce pollutants entering the lake while also improving the landscape is urgently needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides an ecological purification structure for lake outfalls. To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The ecological purification structure of the lake outfall includes the lake outfall and a gravel area, an emergent plant area, and an artificial wetland area arranged in a diffused pattern around it. The lake outfall is located on the lake shore. A debris-blocking net is installed between the gravel area and the emergent plant area. An inner ecological mesh is installed between the emergent plant area and the artificial wetland area. An outer ecological mesh is installed between the artificial wetland and the natural water body. Artificial aquatic plants and aeration devices are evenly distributed within the artificial wetland area.

[0006] Furthermore, the lake inlet is either a rainwater outlet or a combined rainwater and sewage outlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the gravel in the gravel area is located at the bottom of the water body and is inclined downwards from the lake inlet. The diameter of the gravel is 20-30cm and its depth is 0-0.5m.

[0008] Furthermore, a row of wooden stakes is set between the gravel area and the emergent plant area. The wooden stakes are arranged in a close arrangement to form a fence to prevent the gravel from moving into the water.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned debris-blocking net, inner ecological mesh, and outer ecological mesh are all HPDE debris-blocking nets.

[0010] Furthermore, the emergent plants are either lotus flowers already present in the water body or artificially cultivated lotus flowers, with a planting density of 3 plants per square meter.

[0011] Furthermore, the artificial aquatic plants are carbon fiber plants, and the carbon fiber plants are arranged in a manner of 9 bundles per square meter, with each bundle being 1m long.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. By using a gravel area to simulate the biofilm growing on the surface of gravel in a natural riverbed, the self-purification function of river gravel is utilized for preliminary purification. It has the advantages of low cost and good treatment effect, and does not require the configuration of complex instruments and automatic control systems, and can operate stably all year round.

[0014] 2. The project combines ecological planting of emergent plants with floating wetlands created by artificial aquatic plants. Initially, rainwater has a high content of suspended solids and relatively high pollution levels. Emergent plants, which are highly resistant to pollution and have a high survival rate, are primarily used at the outlet. These plants effectively buffer rainwater runoff, ensuring even distribution within the ecological modification zone. They provide habitats for many other organisms, transporting oxygen to sediments through their roots, improving redox conditions, reducing the release of nutrients such as phosphorus, and providing a favorable root zone environment for microorganisms. This increases microbial activity and biomass, fixes wetland sediments, reduces sediment resuspension, allows direct absorption of nutrients, enhances water purification, and also provides aesthetic appeal, beautifying the wetland. The artificial aquatic plants, made of high-polymer composite materials, mimic the branches and leaves of aquatic plants, allowing them to float freely in the water and forming a three-dimensional structure with a porous structure and high specific surface area. Microorganisms accumulate on the surface of the artificial aquatic plants, forming a microenvironment with an aerobic-facultative anaerobic composite structure, achieving nitrification and denitrification.

[0015] 3. Through the aeration device, the water layer generates accelerated circulation from top to bottom, which fully aerates the water, removes organic matter from the water, eliminates water stratification, and thus reduces BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) values, achieving good phosphorus and nitrogen removal effects. It can effectively prevent non-flowing water from rotting and becoming smelly, eliminate black and smelly phenomena, and the powerful waves generated can cover the entire water surface, so that oxygen can be evenly distributed throughout the lake, increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the water, effectively balancing the ecosystem and greatly improving the aquatic ecological environment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0019] In the above attached diagram: 1. Lake shore; 2. Lake inlet / outlet; 3. Gravel area; 4. Pollution barrier net; 5. Emergent plant area; 6. Inner ecological mesh; 7. Artificial wetland area; 8. Outer ecological mesh; 9. Wooden stakes; 10. Artificial aquatic plants; 11. Aeration device. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the ecological purification structure of the lake outfall includes a lake outfall 2 and a gravel area 3, an emergent plant area 5, and an artificial wetland area 7 arranged in a diffused pattern around the lake outfall 2. The lake outfall 2 is located on the lake shore 1. A debris-blocking net 4 is installed between the gravel area 3 and the emergent plant area 5. An inner ecological net membrane 6 is installed between the emergent plant area 5 and the artificial wetland area 7. An outer ecological net membrane 8 is installed between the artificial wetland and the natural water body. Artificial aquatic plants 10 and aeration devices 11 are evenly distributed within the artificial wetland area 7.

[0022] The essence of ecological gravel purification technology is an artificial imitation and engineering enhancement technology of the biofilm growing on the surface of gravel in natural riverbeds. Rivers have a self-purification function. When river water flows through shallow areas, the relatively fast flow velocity creates natural aeration, increasing dissolved oxygen in the river water. When flowing through deeper waters, suspended solids in the river water settle due to the slower flow velocity. The natural gravel on the riverbed can adsorb and filter pollutants, while the microorganisms attached to and growing between the gravel can degrade pollutants. When rainfall increases river flow, the abundant water volume can flush and dilute the gravel and sludge, allowing the river to restore its original self-purification capacity. It also has a considerable treatment effect on relatively freshwater wastewater; in addition, it has a strong adaptability to large fluctuations in influent water quality; compared with conventional technologies such as activated sludge process and constructed wetland, it greatly reduces the land area required and has high treatment efficiency; it is easy to operate and maintain, as the ecological gravel purification process does not require the configuration of complex instruments and automatic control systems. A well-designed and constructed ecological gravel purification process can operate stably year-round with only a limited amount of daily operation and maintenance work.

[0023] This project combines the ecological planting of emergent plants with floating wetlands using artificial aquatic plants (10). Initially, rainwater has a high suspended solids content and relatively high pollution levels. Emergent plants, known for their strong pollution tolerance and high survival rate, are primarily used at the outlet. These plants effectively buffer rainwater runoff, ensuring even distribution within the ecological modification zone. They provide habitats for many other organisms, transporting oxygen to sediments through their roots, improving redox conditions, reducing the release of nutrients like phosphorus, and providing a favorable root zone environment for microorganisms. This increases microbial activity and biomass, stabilizes wetland sediments, reduces sediment resuspension, allows direct nutrient absorption, enhances water purification, and provides aesthetic appeal, beautifying the wetland. The artificial aquatic plants (10) are composed of high-polymer composite materials, mimicking aquatic plant branches and leaves, and float freely in the water, forming a three-dimensional structure with a porous structure and high specific surface area. Microorganisms accumulate on the surface of the artificial aquatic plants (10), creating an aerobic-facultative anaerobic microenvironment that facilitates nitrification and denitrification.

[0024] Through the aeration device 11, the water layer generates accelerated circulation from top to bottom, which fully aerates the water, removes organic matter from the water, eliminates water stratification, and reduces BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) values, achieving good phosphorus and nitrogen removal effects. It can effectively prevent non-flowing water from rotting and becoming smelly, eliminate black and smelly phenomena, and the powerful waves generated can cover the entire water surface, so that oxygen can be evenly distributed throughout the lake, increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the water, effectively balancing the ecosystem and greatly improving the aquatic ecological environment.

[0025] In this embodiment, the lake outlet 2 is a rainwater outlet or a combined rainwater and sewage outlet to meet urban drainage needs.

[0026] In this embodiment, the gravel in the gravel area 3 is located at the bottom of the water body and is inclined downwards from the lake inlet outlet 2. The diameter of the gravel is 20-30cm and its depth is 0-0.5m.

[0027] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, a row of wooden stakes 9 is set between the gravel area 3 and the emergent plant area 5. The wooden stakes 9 are arranged in a close arrangement to form a fence to prevent the gravel from moving into the water. The wooden stakes 9 are made of pine wood, with a diameter of 100m and a length of 3m.

[0028] In this embodiment, the debris barrier 4, the inner ecological membrane 6, and the outer ecological membrane 8 are all HPDE barrier nets.

[0029] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the emergent plants are either native lotus plants already present in the water body or artificially cultivated lotus plants, with a planting density of 3 plants per square meter. Lotus plants offer both aesthetic appeal and water purification benefits.

[0030] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the artificial aquatic plant 10 is a carbon fiber plant, arranged in a pattern of 9 bundles per square meter, with each bundle measuring 1 meter. The water depth around the outlet area is generally over 2 meters, and the high suspended solids content in the initial rainfall reduces water transparency. Low transparency in deep water is detrimental to the survival of submerged plants; therefore, artificial aquatic plants 10 are used around the outlet area to enhance the purification of the initial rainfall. The artificial aquatic plant 10 is made of a polymer composite material, mimicking the branches and leaves of aquatic plants, allowing it to float freely in the water and forming a three-dimensional structure with a porous structure and high specific surface area. Microorganisms accumulate on the surface of the artificial aquatic plant 10, forming a microenvironment with an "aerobic-facultative anaerobic" composite structure, achieving nitrification and denitrification. Based on its structural morphology, it is mainly divided into three types: ecological substrate, biological filler, and carbon fiber plant.

[0031] In emergency situations, to prevent water bodies from becoming anoxic or even anaerobic due to initial rainwater or overflow sewage pollution, artificial measures are needed to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. Common aeration devices include push-flow aerators, waterwheel aerators, pump-type fountain aerators, micro / nano aeration discs, solar aerators, and nano aerators. The rainwater outfalls of lakes undergoing ecological transformation are mostly located near residential areas, and the transformation areas are also located near the shore. Artificial aeration at these outfalls can appropriately consider certain aesthetic needs. However, aeration methods that generate significant noise and affect nearby residents should be avoided as much as possible. Considering all factors, pump-type fountain aerators are selected for the ecological transformation of lake outfalls.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this utility model, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. The ecological purification structure of the outlet into the lake is characterized by: It includes a drainage outlet into the lake and a gravel area, an emergent plant area and an artificial wetland area which are arranged in a diffuse manner around the drainage outlet into the lake. The drainage outlet into the lake is set on the lake bank. A sewage net is set between the gravel area and the emergent plant area, an inner ecological membrane is set between the emergent plant area and the artificial wetland area, an outer ecological membrane is set between the artificial wetland and the natural water body, and artificial aquatic plants and aeration devices are evenly distributed in the artificial wetland area.

2. The ecological purification structure of the lake outlet according to claim 1 is characterized by: The drainage outlet into the lake is a rainwater outlet or a rainwater mixed with sewage outlet.

3. The ecological purification structure of the lake outlet according to claim 1 is characterized by: The gravel in the gravel area is located at the bottom of the water body and is arranged slanting downward from the lake discharge outlet toward the water body. The diameter of the gravel is 20-30 cm and the depth is 0-0.5 m.

4. The ecological purification structure of the lake outlet according to claim 1 is characterized by: A row of wood piles is arranged between the gravel area and the emergent plant area, and the wood piles are arranged in a densely packed manner to form a fence to prevent the gravel from moving toward the water body.

5. The ecological purification structure of the lake outlet according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pollution-blocking net, the inner ecological net membrane and the outer ecological net membrane are all HPDE nets.

6. The ecological purification structure of the lake outlet according to claim 1 is characterized by: The emergent plants are lotus existing in the water body or artificially planted lotus, and the planting density of the lotus is 3 plants / square meter.

7. The ecological purification structure of the lake outlet according to claim 1 is characterized by: The artificial aquatic grass is carbon fiber grass, and the carbon fiber grass is arranged in 9 bundles per square meter, and each bundle is 1 meter.

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