Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The utility model provides a photovoltaic assembly and a photovoltaic system, and relates to the field of photovoltaic technology. The photovoltaic module comprises a battery string array; the battery string array comprises a plurality of battery strings arranged in an array; the battery string comprises a plurality of battery pieces which are electrically connected; the reflectivity of the battery piece is 2.4% to 2.9%; the glass cover plate is positioned on the first side of the battery string array; the first surface, away from the battery string array, of the glass cover plate is provided with a plurality of concave-convex structures, and the flatness of the second surface, close to the battery string array, of the glass cover plate is smaller than that of the first surface; the back plate is positioned on the second side of the battery string array; the first side and the second side are opposite. According to the utility model, specular reflection is greatly reduced, reflected light spots are dispersed, the brightness is small, the anti-dazzle effect is good, the light trapping effect is good, and the appearance of the photovoltaic assembly is black almost without chromatic aberration and is more beautiful. And the appearance of the battery piece is black almost without color difference, so that the photovoltaic module is more attractive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] Solar cells can convert solar energy into electrical energy. They use clean energy and therefore have a wide range of application prospects. Since the output voltage of a single solar cell is low and unpackaged solar cells are easily affected by the environment, a certain number of solar cells are usually connected in series or parallel to form a photovoltaic module to expand its application scenarios.

[0003] Photovoltaic modules usually include solar cells, and cover plates and back plates located on opposite sides of the solar cells. However, existing photovoltaic modules have problems such as severe glare and uneven color. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic system, aiming to solve the problems of severe glare and uneven color of the existing photovoltaic components.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic module is provided, comprising:

[0006] The photovoltaic laminate comprises:

[0007] A battery string array; the battery string array comprises: a plurality of battery strings arranged in an array; the battery string comprises: a plurality of battery cells electrically connected; the reflectivity of the battery cells is 2.4% to 2.9%;

[0008] A glass cover plate is located at a first side of the battery string array; a first surface of the glass cover plate away from the battery string array has a plurality of concave and convex structures, and a second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array has a flatness less than that of the first surface;

[0009] and a back plate located at a second side of the battery string array; the first side and the second side are opposite to each other.

[0010] In the present invention, the first surface of the glass cover away from the battery string array has a plurality of concave-convex structures. The first surface of the glass cover away from the battery string array is the surface of the glass cover mainly facing the light. The above-mentioned concave-convex structure surface can form a velvet reflection or diffuse reflection effect, which greatly reduces the mirror reflection, and the reflected light spot is more dispersed, and the brightness is small, and the anti-glare effect is excellent. At the same time, the surface of the concave-convex structure reflects each other, which will increase the transmitted light, reduce the reflection, and enhance the light trapping effect, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module is almost black with no color difference, which is more beautiful. In addition, the reflectivity of the battery cell is 2.4 to 2.9, and the reflectivity of the battery cell is relatively low, which further enhances the anti-glare effect, and the appearance of the battery cell is almost black with no color difference; the combination of the glass cover and the battery cell further enhances the anti-glare effect of the photovoltaic module, and the color is more uniform and beautiful.

[0011] Optionally, the plurality of concave-convex structures have wave crests that are distributed in an array or irregularly.

[0012] Optionally, the aspect ratio of the concave-convex structure is 0.6 to 1.8, the height direction of the concave-convex structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, and the width direction of the concave-convex structure is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate.

[0013] Optionally, the height of the concave-convex structure is 1.5 μm to 2.5 um, and the width is 1.5 μm to 2.5 um.

[0014] Optionally, the glass cover is patterned glass;

[0015] The second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array is a smooth surface.

[0016] Optionally, the reflectivity of the cell is 0.23% to 24%.

[0017] Optionally, the cell comprises: a silicon substrate, the surface of the silicon substrate has a velvet structure, the velvet structure comprises: a plurality of pyramid-like structures; the pyramid-like structure comprises a cone surface and a cone top; the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure comprises: a first sub-cone surface away from the cone top, and a second sub-cone surface, the second sub-cone surface being the remaining part of the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure except the first sub-cone surface;

[0018] In the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, the surface morphology of the first sub-cone surface is different from that of the second sub-cone surface;

[0019] Or, the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure has a branched texture, and the number of the branched texture in the second sub-cone surface is greater than the number of the branched texture in the first sub-cone surface;

[0020] Alternatively, the pyramid-like structure includes: a cone top, a cone surface and at least two side edges; the side edges include: a lower section away from the cone top, and a first section, and the bending degree of the lower section is smaller than that of the first section.

[0021] Optionally, the undulation of the first sub-conical surface is smaller than the undulation of the second sub-conical surface;

[0022] Or, the roughness of the first sub-conical surface is smaller than the roughness of the second sub-conical surface.

[0023] Optionally, the cell further comprises: a passivation anti-reflection layer located on the silicon substrate; the passivation anti-reflection layer comprises: a first portion located on the first sub-conical surface, and a second portion located on the second sub-conical surface; in the passivation anti-reflection layer, the thickness of the first portion along the same direction close to the cone top is greater than the thickness of the second portion;

[0024] And / or, the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer is 60 nm to 70 nm.

[0025] Optionally, the battery cell is a back contact battery cell, and the battery string array further comprises: a plurality of bus bars respectively located at the first end, the second end and the middle; the first end and the second end are opposite to each other in the extension direction of the battery string, and the middle is located between the first end and the second end;

[0026] A black insulating gasket is bonded to a side of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate, the black insulating gasket completely covers the surface of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate, and the bus bar and the adjacent battery cells are fixed by a black tape;

[0027] Alternatively, a black shielding material is provided on the second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array at a position corresponding to the bus bar; along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shielding material covers the projection of the bus bar; the black shielding material includes: at least one of black glaze, black adhesive film and black adhesive tape.

[0028] Optionally, the battery cell is a back contact battery cell, and the battery string array further comprises: a conductive interconnector located between adjacent battery cells;

[0029] A black tape is bonded to a side of the conductive interconnection member between the adjacent battery cells close to the glass cover plate, and the black tape completely covers a surface of the conductive interconnection member between the adjacent battery cells close to the glass cover plate;

[0030] Alternatively, a black shielding material is provided on the second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array at a position corresponding to the conductive interconnection member; along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shielding material covers the projection of the conductive interconnection member; the black shielding material includes: at least one of black glaze, black adhesive film and black adhesive tape.

[0031] Optionally, the material of the black tape is selected from: polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide;

[0032] And / or, the black glaze is selected from at least one of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and barium oxide.

[0033] Optionally, the backplane is a composite backplane, and the color of the surface of the composite backplane close to the battery string array is black;

[0034] Alternatively, the backplane is glass, and black shielding is provided on the surface of the backplane close to the battery string array at positions corresponding to the string gaps and the cell gaps; the black shielding includes: at least one of black glaze, black film and black tape.

[0035] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly further comprises: a plurality of black frames located around the photovoltaic laminate, wherein the A surface of the black frames is provided with a first wave pattern,

[0036] And / or, each corner of the photovoltaic module is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer;

[0037] And / or, the photovoltaic assembly further comprises: a junction box located on a side of the back plate away from the battery string array, the junction box being provided with a black cable tie.

[0038] Optionally, a black sealant is provided between the photovoltaic laminate and the black frame;

[0039] and / or, the black cable tie is a black removable cable tie;

[0040] And / or, a second wave pattern matching the first wave pattern is provided on a pressing block matched with the black frame; or, at least one of the four frames around the photovoltaic laminate is: a frame without an A-side dust accumulation prevention frame;

[0041] And / or, the B side and / or the C side of the black frame are provided with a laser nameplate;

[0042] And / or, each of the battery strings is formed by 9 battery cells connected in series, and the battery string array is a 6×2 battery string array;

[0043] And / or, the photovoltaic module has a width of 1127 mm to 1138 mm and a length of 1716 mm to 2400 mm.

[0044] Optionally, the back panel is made of glass, a through hole is formed on the back panel, the black shielding is arranged on the surface of the back panel close to the battery string array and around the through hole, the black shielding around the through hole is spaced apart from the through hole by 0 to 2.3 mm, and the shape of the black shielding around the through hole is close to the through hole and consistent with the shape of the through hole.

[0045] A second aspect of the present invention provides a photovoltaic system, comprising: a plurality of photovoltaic components as described above arranged in an array.

[0046] The above-mentioned photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic systems have the same or similar beneficial effects, and will not be described in detail here to avoid repetition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of light reflection of an existing glass cover plate is shown;

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the optical path of a light beam on a glass cover plate in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0050] Figure 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of a solar cell or a cell in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0051] Figure 4 A scanning electron microscope image of the first silicon substrate in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0052] Figure 5 A scanning electron microscope image of a second silicon substrate in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0053] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a backlight side of a photovoltaic laminate in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0054] Figure 7 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of a backlight side of a photovoltaic laminate in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0055] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing a second surface of a glass cover plate in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0056] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a frame in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0057] Fig.10 A schematic diagram showing another frame in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0058] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a backlight side of a photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0059] Fig.12 A schematic side view of a photovoltaic assembly in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0060] Fig.13 A partial schematic diagram of a back plate close to the surface of a battery string array in an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0061] Fig.14 A comparison chart of the reflectivity of the battery cell in the embodiment of the utility model and the battery cell in the prior art is shown.

[0062] Description of reference numerals:

[0063] 1-glass cover, 11-first surface, 12-concave-convex structure, 13-second surface, 121-wave crest, 2-silicon substrate, 21-cone top, 22-branched texture, 23-quasi-annular texture, 24-bottom contour line, 25-various pyramid-like structures integrated into one, 3-passivation anti-reflection layer, 4-battery cell, 41-short frame, 411-A side of the short frame, 42-long frame, 421-A side of the long frame, 5-junction box, 6-black cable tie, 422-laser nameplate, 7-back plate, 71-through hole, 8-black shielding, 9-black insulating gasket, 10-conductive interconnect, 14-black tape, 15-bus bar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0065] The glare mentioned in this application refers to the phenomenon that when a strong light source is irradiated, the surface of an object forms a strong specular reflection, which interferes with the human visual system. Figure 1The main reason for the serious glare of the existing photovoltaic modules is that the first surface 11 of the glass cover plate 1 away from the battery string array is relatively smooth and has a strong specular reflection under the irradiation of light, and the reflected light spot is relatively concentrated and bright. Figure 2 The glass cover plate 1 has a first surface 11 away from the battery string array and has a plurality of concave-convex structures 12 . Figure 2 Only the concave-convex structure is shown schematically. The actual concave-convex structure 12 on the glass cover plate 1 may be irregular, and the concave-convex structure 12 may have the same structure or different structures. The first surface 11 of the glass cover plate 1 away from the battery string array is the surface of the glass cover plate 1 that is mainly facing the light. The surface of the concave-convex structure 12 can form a velvet reflection or diffuse reflection effect, which greatly reduces the mirror reflection. The reflected light spot is more dispersed, and the brightness is small, and the anti-glare effect is excellent. At the same time, the surface of the concave-convex structure 12 reflects each other, which will increase the transmitted light, reduce the reflection, and enhance the light trapping effect, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module is almost black with no color difference, which is more beautiful. In addition, the reflectivity of the battery cell is 2.4 to 2.9, and the reflectivity of the battery cell is relatively appropriate, which further enhances the anti-glare effect. The appearance of the battery cell is black with almost no color difference; the combination of the glass cover plate and the battery cell further enhances the anti-glare effect of the photovoltaic module, and the color is more uniform and beautiful. Figure 1 , Figure 2 The longer arrows in the figure are indicative of light.

[0066] The utility model provides a photovoltaic module, including: a photovoltaic laminate. The photovoltaic laminate includes: a battery string array. The battery string array includes: a plurality of battery strings arranged in an array. The number and arrangement of the battery strings in the battery string array are not specifically limited. Figure 6 The battery string includes: a plurality of electrically connected battery cells 4. The number and arrangement of the battery cells in the battery string are not specifically limited. Fig.14 The reflectivity of the cell is 2.4% to 2.9%, and the reflectivity of the cell can be measured by a reflectivity tester. The reflectivity of the cell refers to the reflectivity of the surface of the cell close to the glass cover, and the reflectivity is a weighted average, which is not specifically limited.

[0067] For example, the reflectivity of the cell may be 2.4%, or 2.42%, or 2.45%, or 2.49%, or 2.5%, or 2.53%, or 2.55%, or 2.58%, or 2.6%, or 2.62%, or 2.65%, or 2.69%, or 2.7%, or 2.73%, or 2.8%, or 2.82%, or 2.9%.

[0068] The photovoltaic laminate may further include: a glass cover plate 1, located on the first side of the battery string array. Figure 2 , the first surface 11 of the glass cover plate 1 away from the battery string array has a plurality of concave-convex structures 12, and the flatness of the second surface 13 of the glass cover plate 1 close to the battery string array is less than the flatness of the first surface 11. The first surface 11 and the second surface 13 are opposite. In the first surface or the second surface, the difference between the unevenness and the absolute level is the flatness. The smaller the value, the flatter the surface. The first surface 11 of the glass cover plate 1 away from the battery string array is the surface of the glass cover plate 1 mainly facing the light. The surface of the concave-convex structure 12 can form a velvet reflection or diffuse reflection effect, which greatly reduces the mirror reflection, and the reflected light spot is more dispersed, and the brightness is small, and the anti-glare effect is excellent. At the same time, the surfaces of the concave-convex structure 12 reflect each other, which will increase the transmitted light, reduce reflection, and enhance the light trapping effect, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module presents a black color with almost no color difference, which is more beautiful. In addition, the reflectivity of the battery cell is 2.4 to 2.9. The lower reflectivity of the battery cell further enhances the anti-glare effect, and the appearance of the battery cell is black with almost no color difference. The combination of the glass cover and the battery cell further enhances the anti-glare effect of the photovoltaic module, and the color is more uniform and more beautiful.

[0069] It should be noted that the difference between the flatness of the first surface and the flatness of the second surface is not specifically limited. The flatness of the first surface and the flatness of the second surface can be measured using a flatness tester or other instrument, and the specific measuring instrument or measuring method is not specifically limited.

[0070] The photovoltaic laminate may further include: a back sheet located at the second side of the battery string array. The first side and the second side are opposite to each other, and the first side refers to the side where the battery string array mainly receives light when the photovoltaic laminate is working normally.

[0071] Optionally, the plurality of concave-convex structures 12 have wave crests 121 distributed in an array, or refer to Figure 2 , several concave-convex structures 12 have irregularly distributed crests. The crest 121 is the highest point in the concave-convex structure 12. In the case where the highest part of the concave-convex structure 12 is a plane formed by multiple points of equal height, the crest 121 here can be the geometric center of the plane. That is to say, several concave-convex structures 12 are regularly arranged or irregularly distributed, and the concave-convex structures 12 and the crests 121 can utilize the reflected light from each other, that is, more secondary reflected light is utilized, which further increases the transmitted light and reduces reflection, and the light trapping effect and anti-glare effect are both better, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module presents a black color with almost no color difference, which is more beautiful.

[0072] Optionally, the aspect ratio of the concavo-convex structure 12 is 0.6 to 1.8, the direction where the height h1 of the concavo-convex structure 12 is located is parallel to the direction where the thickness of the photovoltaic laminate is located, and the direction where the width d1 of the concavo-convex structure 12 is located is perpendicular to the direction where the thickness of the photovoltaic laminate is located. The aspect ratio of the concavo-convex structure 12 is relatively suitable, the velvet reflection or diffuse reflection effect formed on the surface of the concavo-convex structure 12 is better, the specular reflection is further reduced, the anti-glare effect and the light trapping effect are better, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module presents a black color with almost no color difference, which is more beautiful. At the same time, the aspect ratio of the concavo-convex structure 12 is relatively suitable, and the first surface 11 of the glass cover plate 1 is not easy to accumulate dust.

[0073] For example, the aspect ratio of the concavo-convex structure 12 is 0.8 to 1.5. For another example, the aspect ratio of the concavo-convex structure 12 can be: 0.6, or 0.63, or 0.7, or 0.76, or 0.83, or 0.91, or 0.97, or 1.0, or 1.03, or 1.07, or 1.1, or 1.15, or 1.2, or 1.3, or 1.34, or 1.4, or 1.5, or 1.53, or 1.6, or 1.67, or 1.77, or 1.8.

[0074] Optionally, the height h1 of the concavo-convex structure 12 is 1.5 μm to 2.5 μm, and the width d1 of the concavo-convex structure 12 is 1.5 μm to 2.5 μm. The height and width of the concavo-convex structure 12 are relatively suitable, and the suede reflection or diffuse reflection effect formed on the surface of the concavo-convex structure 12 is better, further reducing the mirror reflection, and the anti-glare effect and light trapping effect are better, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module presents almost no color difference in black, which is more beautiful. At the same time, the height and width of the concavo-convex structure 12 are relatively suitable, and the first surface 11 of the glass cover plate 1 is not easy to accumulate dust.

[0075] For example, the height h1 of the concave-convex structure 12 can be: 1.5μm, or 1.53μm, or 1.67μm, or 1.69μm, or 1.73μm, or 1.77μm, or 1.81μm, or 1.93μm, or 1.99μm, or 2μm, or 2.03μm, or 2.07μm, or 2.1μm, or 2.15μm, or 2.2μm, or 2.31μm, or 2.34μm, or 2.4μm, or 2.5μm.

[0076] For example, the width d1 of the concave-convex structure 12 can be: 1.5μm, or 1.6μm, or 1.67μm, or 1.69μm, or 1.73μm, or 1.77μm, or 1.8μm, or 1.93μm, or 1.99μm, or 2μm, or 2.03μm, or 2.07μm, or 2.1μm, or 2.15μm, or 2.2μm, or 2.31μm, or 2.34μm, or 2.4μm, or 2.5μm.

[0077] Optionally, the glass cover plate 1 is embossed glass, one surface of the embossed glass may be a smooth surface, and the other opposite surface may have a concave-convex structure. The surface of the embossed glass with the pattern is the aforementioned first surface, and the first surface is uneven, so diffuse reflection is generated when light passes through, which not only has good light trapping and anti-glare effects, but is also easy to obtain. The second surface 13 of the glass cover plate 1 close to the battery string array is a smooth surface, so the glass cover plate 1 is more compatible with the common embossed glass shape and is easy to obtain.

[0078] Optionally, the reflectivity of the cell is in the range of 0.23% to 24%. This reflectivity range is the reflectivity range of the side of the cell facing the glass cover 1. The lower the reflectivity of the cell, the better the light trapping effect, making the appearance of the photovoltaic module appear almost black with no color difference, which is more beautiful. Fig.14 In the figure, the horizontal axis is the wavelength of the light irradiating on the battery cell (Wavelength), the unit is nm, and the vertical axis is the reflectance (Reflectance). Fig.14 The blue curve is used to characterize the reflectivity corresponding to the battery cell of the utility model, and the red curve is used to characterize the reflectivity corresponding to the battery cell in the prior art. It can be concluded that within most wavelength ranges that can be used by the battery cell of the utility model, the reflectivity of the front side of the battery cell in the embodiment is lower.

[0079] For example, the reflectivity of the battery cell can be 0.23%, 0.24%, or 0.25%, or 0.27%, or 0.29%, or 0.28%, or 0.3%, or 0.32%, or 0.34%, or 0.34%, or 0.37%, or 0.41%, or 0.45%, or 0.46%, or 0.5%, or 0.54%, or 0.58%, or 0.63%, or 0.67%, or 1.03%, or 1.58%, or 3.26%, or 4.29%, or 5.84%, or 12.12%, or 14.26%, or 19.25%, or 23.81%, or 24%.

[0080] Optional, see Figure 3, the cell comprises: a silicon substrate 2, the surface of the silicon substrate 2 has a velvet structure, and the velvet structure comprises: a plurality of pyramid-like structures. The silicon substrate 2 may be doped or intrinsic, which is not specifically limited. The silicon substrate may be a single crystal silicon substrate, etc., which is also not specifically limited. The pyramid-like structure comprises a cone surface and a cone top 21. The cone top 21 is the highest point in the pyramid-like structure. In the case where the highest part of the pyramid-like structure is a plane formed by a plurality of points of equal height, the cone top here may be the geometric center of the plane. In the pyramid-like structure, the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure is the set of all side surfaces of the pyramid-like structure, that is, all surfaces of the pyramid-like structure except the bottom surface and the cone top. The cone surface of the pyramid-like structure connects the cone top and the bottom contour line, and the bottom contour line is the bottom contour line of the pyramid-like structure. The cone surface of the pyramid-like structure comprises: a first sub-cone surface away from the cone top, and a second sub-cone surface, and the second sub-cone surface is the remaining part of the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure except the first sub-cone surface. That is, the first sub-conical surface is the portion of the cone surface farthest from the cone top 21, that is, the portion of the cone surface close to the silicon substrate, and the second sub-conical surface is the remaining portion of the cone surface except the first sub-conical surface. Figure 3 In the figure, the dotted lines L1 to L6 do not actually exist in the cell, but are only used to distinguish the first sub-conical surface from the second sub-conical surface. Figure 3 In the figure, for the leftmost pyramid-like structure, the portion of the cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L1, on the left side of the apex of the leftmost pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L2, on the right side of the apex of the leftmost pyramid-like structure is the second sub-cone surface, and the portion located on the left side of L1 and on the right side of L2 is the first sub-cone surface. For the middle pyramid-like structure, the portion of the cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L3, on the left side of the apex of the middle pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L4, on the right side of the apex of the middle pyramid-like structure is the second sub-cone surface, and the portion located on the left side of L3 and on the right side of L4 is the first sub-cone surface. For the rightmost pyramid-like structure, the portion of the cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L5, on the left side of the apex of the rightmost pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L6, on the right side of the apex of the rightmost pyramid-like structure is the second sub-cone surface, and the portion located on the left side of L5 and on the right side of L6 is the first sub-cone surface.

[0081] The surface morphology of the sub-cone surface may include: the undulation of the sub-cone surface, or the roughness of the sub-cone surface, etc. The undulation mainly refers to the degree of undulation caused by relatively large high and low structures on the surface, and the roughness refers to the degree of unevenness caused by micro-protrusions / micro-depressions on the surface. Figure 3In the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, the surface morphology of the first sub-cone surface is different from that of the second sub-cone surface. That is, the undulation, or roughness, etc. of the first sub-cone surface is different from that of the second sub-cone surface. In one case, the number of protrusions and / or depressions of the second sub-cone surface may be greater than that of the first sub-cone surface; in another case, the degree of protrusions and / or depressions of the second sub-cone surface may be greater than that of the first sub-cone surface; in another case, the arrangement of protrusions and / or depressions of the second sub-cone surface may be greater than that of the first sub-cone surface. More messy; in another case, the height of the protrusion and / or the depth of the depression of the second sub-cone surface may be greater than the height of the protrusion and / or the depth of the depression of the first sub-cone surface; and further, the cone surface shape of the pyramid-like structure is more irregular, so that the velvet structure has a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, and better light trapping effect, which can increase the short-circuit current and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell, and the appearance of the battery cell is uniform black, which is more beautiful, thereby making the appearance of the photovoltaic module appear almost color-free black, which is more beautiful.

[0082] Figure 4 The scanning electron microscope image is mainly obtained by scanning from the front side of the velvet structure. Figure 5 The scanning electron microscope image is mainly obtained by scanning from the top of the pyramid-like structure of the velvet structure to the bottom contour line.

[0083] Optional, see Figure 4 The cone surface of the pyramid-like structure has a branched texture 22, and the shape of the branched texture 22 is similar to the shape of a branch, that is, the branched texture 22 is a forked pattern on the trunk. In the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, the number of branched textures 22 in the second sub-cone surface is greater than the number of branched textures 22 in the first sub-cone surface away from the cone top in the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure. There is a corresponding relationship between the branch-like texture 22 and the protrusions or depressions on the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure. The branch-like texture 22 is usually located at the junction of the protrusions and depressions on the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, that is, the more the number of branch-like textures 22, the more the number of protrusions and depressions on the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure. Therefore, the more textures there are, the larger the specific surface area of ​​the velvet structure. The more irregular the distribution position of the branch-like texture is, the velvet structure can have a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, better light trapping effect, can increase short-circuit current, and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniform black, which is more beautiful, and the appearance of the photovoltaic module is almost black with no color difference, which is more beautiful. For example, Figure 4 In the rightmost pyramid-like structure, there is basically no branched texture in the first sub-cone surface away from the top of the cone, and there are more branched textures in the second sub-cone surface.

[0084] Optionally, the pyramid-like structure includes: a cone top 11, a cone surface and at least two side edges. The side edges of the pyramid-like structure are the common edges of adjacent side surfaces in the pyramid-like structure. The side edges include: a lower segment away from the cone top 11, and a first segment, wherein the bending degree of the lower segment is less than that of the first segment, and the bending degree of the sub-segment refers to the bending degree of the sub-segment. The shape of each side edge is irregular, so that the velvet structure has a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, and better light trapping effect, which can increase the short-circuit current and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell, and the appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful. For example, Figure 3 In the left side edge of the leftmost pyramid-like structure: the bending degree of the lower segment on the left side of L1 is smaller than the bending degree of the first segment on the right side of L1. In the right side edge of the leftmost pyramid-like structure: the bending degree of the lower segment on the right side of L2 is smaller than the bending degree of the first segment on the left side of L2.

[0085] Optional, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the undulation of the first sub-cone surface is less than the undulation of the second sub-cone surface; or, the roughness of the first sub-cone surface is less than the roughness of the second sub-cone surface. The undulation and roughness here can refer to the corresponding records above. The cone shape of the pyramid-like structure is more irregular, so that the velvet structure has a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, and better light trapping effect, which can increase the short-circuit current and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniform black, which is more beautiful, thereby making the appearance of the photovoltaic module appear almost color-free black, which is more beautiful. Figure 3In the figure, for the leftmost pyramid-like structure, the undulation of the first sub-cone surface located on the left side of the dotted line L1 and on the right side of the dotted line L2 is smaller than the undulation of the second sub-cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L1, on the left side of the apex of the leftmost pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L2, on the right side of the apex of the leftmost pyramid-like structure; or, the roughness of the first sub-cone surface located on the left side of the dotted line L1 and on the right side of the dotted line L2 is smaller than the roughness of the second sub-cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L1, on the left side of the apex of the leftmost pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L2, on the right side of the apex of the leftmost pyramid-like structure. For the middle pyramid-like structure, the undulation of the first sub-cone surface located on the left side of the dotted line L3 and on the right side of the dotted line L4 in the cone surface is smaller than the undulation of the second sub-cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L3, on the left side of the cone apex of the middle pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L4, on the right side of the cone apex of the middle pyramid-like structure, or the roughness of the first sub-cone surface located on the left side of the dotted line L3 and on the right side of the dotted line L4 is smaller than the roughness of the second sub-cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L3, on the left side of the cone apex of the middle pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L4, on the right side of the cone apex of the middle pyramid-like structure. For the rightmost pyramid-like structure, the undulation of the first sub-cone surface located on the left side of the dotted line L5 and on the right side of the dotted line L6 in the cone surface is smaller than the undulation of the second sub-cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L5, on the left side of the cone apex of the rightmost pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L6, on the right side of the cone apex of the rightmost pyramid-like structure; or, the roughness of the first sub-cone surface located on the left side of the dotted line L5 and on the right side of the dotted line L6 is smaller than the roughness of the second sub-cone surface located on the right side of the dotted line L5, on the left side of the cone apex of the rightmost pyramid-like structure, and on the left side of the dotted line L6, on the right side of the cone apex of the rightmost pyramid-like structure.

[0086] Optional, see Figure 3, the cell also includes: a passivation anti-reflection layer 3 on the silicon substrate 2. The passivation anti-reflection layer 3 here can play a passivation role and can also play an anti-reflection role. The material of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 can be selected from: silicon oxide and / or silicon oxynitride, and the specific material of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is not limited. The passivation anti-reflection layer 3 can be prepared by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) and other methods, and the specific preparation method of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is not specifically limited. The passivation anti-reflection layer 3 includes: a first part located on the first sub-conical surface, and a second part located on the second sub-conical surface. In the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness of the first part along the same direction close to the cone top 21 is greater than the thickness of the second part, that is, here, the thickness of the first part is compared with the thickness of the second part, and the first part and the second part are limited to the same direction along the cone top 21. Throughout the text, the first part and the second part along the same direction close to the cone top 21 can be understood as: the first part and the second part are arranged in sequence from the bottom or bottom contour line of the pyramid-like structure to the direction of the cone top 21. The direction of the thickness here is perpendicular to the tangent line at the corresponding position of the outer surface of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. Specifically, in the silicon substrate 2, the part adjacent to the pyramid-like structure is more complicated, and usually has more gaps. The position where the adjacent pyramid-like structures are adjacent is also more complicated, and usually has more gaps. Therefore, these positions require a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, the first sub-cone surface adjacent to these positions also requires a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect. The gaps at the top of the cone are usually fewer, and only a thinner passivation anti-reflection layer is required to achieve a better passivation effect. The second sub-cone surface adjacent to the top of the cone also requires a relatively thin passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, in the present application, the thickness of the first part along the same direction close to the top of the cone is greater than the thickness of the second part. On the one hand, it can ensure that each position has an excellent passivation effect. In addition, the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer is set according to the passivation requirements in the present application to reduce waste. At the same time, in this application, after the light enters the passivation anti-reflection layer of different thicknesses, the light path of the light will change more times, which can increase the optical path. With the velvet structure of this application, the absorption of light can be further increased, the light trapping effect is better, the short-circuit current can be further increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell can be further improved. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black and more beautiful. In summary, this application not only ensures the excellent passivation effect of the battery cell, but also greatly improves the anti-reflection effect, while reducing waste.

[0087] like Figure 3In the figure, for the leftmost pyramid-like structure, in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the portion between the dotted line L1 and the dotted line L2, except for the cone top 21, is the second portion, the portion on the left side of L1 and on the right side of L2 is the first portion, and for the first portion and the second portion along the same direction L7 close to the cone top 21, the thickness of the first portion is greater than the thickness of the second portion, and for the first portion and the second portion along the same direction L8 close to the cone top 21, the thickness of the first portion is greater than the thickness of the second portion. For the middle pyramid-like structure, in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the portion between the dotted line L3 and the dotted line L4, except for the cone top 21, is the second portion, the portion on the left side of L3 and on the right side of L4 is the first portion, and for the first portion and the second portion along the same direction L9 close to the cone top, the thickness of the first portion is greater than the thickness of the second portion, and for the first portion and the second portion along the same direction L10 close to the cone top, the thickness of the first portion is greater than the thickness of the second portion. For the pyramid-like structure on the far right, in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the part between the dotted line L5 and the dotted line L6 except the top of the cone is the second part, the part on the left side of L5 and the part on the right side of L6 is the first part, and for the first part and the second part along the same direction L11 close to the top of the cone, the thickness of the first part is greater than the thickness of the second part, and for the first part and the second part along the same direction L12 close to the top of the cone, the thickness of the first part is greater than the thickness of the second part.

[0088] It should be noted that the thickness of a certain part of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 can be measured by an instrument such as a transmission electron microscope. The thickness of a certain part can be the average thickness of the part measured directly. The thickness of a certain part can also be the average thickness measured at multiple points selected in the part, etc. The selection is based on the measurability of the actual measurement target and is not specifically limited to this.

[0089] Optional, see Figure 3In the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness of the first part is greater than the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located at the cone top 21. Specifically, in the silicon substrate 2, the part adjacent to the pyramid-like structure is more complicated and usually has more gaps. The position adjacent to the adjacent pyramid-like structures is also more complicated and usually has more gaps. Therefore, these positions require a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, the first sub-cone surface adjacent to these positions also requires a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect. There are usually fewer gaps at the cone top, and only a thinner passivation anti-reflection layer is required to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, in the present application, the thickness of the first part of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is greater than the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located at the cone top 21. On the one hand, it can ensure that each position has an excellent passivation effect, and the present application sets the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer according to the passivation requirements, which can reduce waste. At the same time, in the present application, after the light enters the passivation anti-reflection layer with different thicknesses, the optical path of the light will change more times, which can increase the optical distance. Combined with the velvet structure of the present application, the absorption of light can be further increased, and the light trapping effect is better, which can further increase the short-circuit current and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful.

[0090] For example, Figure 3 In the figure, for the pyramid-like structure on the far left, the thickness of the first part located on the left side of the dotted line L1 and on the right side of the dotted line L2 in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is greater than the thickness of the cone top 21 part of the pyramid-like structure on the far left in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. For the pyramid-like structure in the middle, the thickness of the first part located on the left side of the dotted line L3 and on the right side of the dotted line L4 in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is greater than the thickness of the cone top 21 part of the pyramid-like structure in the middle in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. For the pyramid-like structure on the far right, the thickness of the first part located on the left side of the dotted line L5 and on the right side of the dotted line L6 in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is greater than the thickness of the cone top 21 part of the pyramid-like structure on the far right in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3.

[0091] Reference Figure 3 The portion between the dotted line L2 and the dotted line L3 is where the leftmost pyramid-like structure and the middle pyramid-like structure are adjacent, and the portion between the dotted line L4 and the dotted line L5 is where the rightmost pyramid-like structure and the middle pyramid-like structure are adjacent. Figure 3In the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness of the portion located at the position where the adjacent pyramid-like structures are adjacent is greater than the thickness of the portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located at the cone top 21. Specifically, in the silicon substrate 2, the position where the adjacent pyramid-like structures are adjacent is relatively complicated and usually has more gaps. Therefore, these positions require a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect, while the gaps at the cone top are usually fewer, and only a thinner passivation anti-reflection layer is required to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, in the present application, the thickness of the portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located at the position where the adjacent pyramid-like structures are adjacent is greater than the thickness of the portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located at the cone top 21. On the one hand, it can ensure that each position has an excellent passivation effect, and the present application sets the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer according to the passivation requirements, which can reduce waste. At the same time, in the present application, after the light enters the passivation anti-reflection layer with different thicknesses, the light path of the light will change more times, which can increase the optical distance. With the velvet structure of the present application, the light absorption can be further increased, the light trapping effect is better, the short-circuit current can be further increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell can be further improved. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful. For example, Figure 3 In the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness of the portion between the dotted line L2 and the dotted line L3 is greater than the thickness of the cone top 21 of the pyramid-like structure located at the far left in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, and is also greater than the thickness of the cone top 21 of the pyramid-like structure located in the middle in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. Figure 3 In the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness of the portion between the dotted line L4 and the dotted line L5 is greater than the thickness of the cone top portion of the pyramid-like structure located on the far right in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, and is also greater than the thickness of the cone top portion of the pyramid-like structure located in the middle in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3.

[0092] Optional, see Figure 3, in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness of the portion located at the position adjacent to the adjacent pyramid-like structures is greater than the thickness of the second portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. Specifically, in the silicon substrate 2, the position where the adjacent pyramid-like structures are adjacent is relatively complicated, and usually has more gaps. Therefore, these positions require a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect, while the gaps at the top of the cone are usually fewer, and only a thinner passivation anti-reflection layer is required to achieve a better passivation effect. On the second sub-cone surface adjacent to the top of the cone, a relatively thin passivation anti-reflection layer is also required to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, in the present application, the thickness of the portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located at the position adjacent to the adjacent pyramid-like structures is greater than the thickness of the second portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. On the one hand, it can be ensured that each position has an excellent passivation effect, and the present application sets the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer according to the passivation requirements, which can reduce waste. At the same time, in the present application, after the light enters the passivation anti-reflection layer with different thicknesses, the optical path of the light will change more times, which can increase the optical distance. Combined with the velvet structure of the present application, the absorption of light can be further increased, and the light trapping effect is better, which can further increase the short-circuit current and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful.

[0093] like, Figure 3 In the embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located between the dotted line L2 and the dotted line L3 is greater than the thickness of the second portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located between the dotted line L1 and the dotted line L2 excluding the cone top, and is also greater than the thickness of the second portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located between the dotted line L3 and the dotted line L4 excluding the cone top. Figure 3 In the embodiment, the thickness of the portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located between the dotted line L4 and the dotted line L5 is greater than the thickness of the second portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located between the dotted line L5 and the dotted line L6 excluding the cone top, and is also greater than the thickness of the second portion of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 located between the dotted line L3 and the dotted line L4 excluding the cone top.

[0094] Optionally, in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness non-uniformity between the first part and the second part is greater than 4%, and the thickness non-uniformity is: the absolute value of the difference between the first thickness at the first position in the first part and the second thickness at the second position in the second part in the same direction close to the top of the cone, divided by the sum of the first thickness and the second thickness, where the first position in the first part is any position in the first part, and the second position in the second part is any position in the second part. That is to say, here the first part and the second part are limited to be in the same direction near the cone top 21. In the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness unevenness between the first part and the second part is greater than 4%. Specifically, in the silicon substrate 2, the adjacent positions of the adjacent pyramid-like structures are more complicated and usually have more gaps. Therefore, these positions require a thicker passivation anti-reflection layer to achieve a better passivation effect. The gaps at the cone top are usually less, and only a thinner passivation anti-reflection layer is required to achieve a better passivation effect. On the second sub-cone surface adjacent to the cone top, a relatively thin passivation anti-reflection layer is also required to achieve a better passivation effect. Therefore, in the present application, the thickness unevenness between the first part and the second part of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is greater than 4%. On the one hand, it can be ensured that each position has an excellent passivation effect, and the present application sets the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer according to the passivation requirements, which can reduce waste. At the same time, in the present application, after the light enters the passivation anti-reflection layer with different thicknesses, the optical path of the light will change more times, which can increase the optical distance. Combined with the velvet structure of the present application, the absorption of light can be further increased, and the light trapping effect is better, which can further increase the short-circuit current and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful.

[0095] For example, in the passivation anti-reflection layer 3, the thickness unevenness of the first part and the second part along the same direction close to the top of the cone can be: 4.001%, or 4.03%, or 4.09%, or 4.2%, or 4.31%, or 4.5%, or 4.9%, or 5%, or 5.2%, or 6%, or 7.23%, or 8%, or 9.2%, or 10.3%, or 11.2%, or 13.46%, or 15%, or 18%, or 20%, or 22%, or 25%.

[0096] Optionally, the cell may further include: an aluminum oxide layer (not shown in the figure) located between the silicon substrate 2 and the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. The fluctuation of the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer is less than the fluctuation of the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3. The thickness fluctuation here refers to the degree of thickness change. The fluctuation of the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer can be specifically the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer at the fifth position and the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer at the sixth position. The fluctuation of the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 can be specifically the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 at the seventh position and the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 at the eighth position. Among them, in the thickness direction of the silicon substrate, the projections of the fifth position and the seventh position coincide, and the projections of the sixth position and the eighth position coincide. The fifth position and the sixth position are both two different positions in the aluminum oxide layer. Specifically, the aluminum oxide layer is usually deposited by atomic layer deposition, the surface morphology has little effect on atomic layer deposition, the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer is relatively uniform, and the passivation performance of the aluminum oxide layer is better.

[0097] It should be noted that the thickness of the aluminum oxide layer may be 3 nm (nanometers) to 7 nm. The thickness of the aluminum oxide layer may also be measured by a transmission electron microscope, etc., and is not specifically limited thereto. For example, the thickness fluctuation of the aluminum oxide layer can be 0.0001nm-3nm, for example, it can be 0.001nm, 0.005nm, 0.008nm, 0.01nm, 0.02nm, 0.03nm, 0.04nm, 0.05nm, 0.06nm, 0.07nm, 0.08nm, 0.1nm, 0.2nm, 0.3nm, 0.4nm, 0.5nm, 0.6nm, 0.7nm, 0.8nm, 1nm, 2nm, 2.3nm, 3nm, and the thickness fluctuation of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 can be 3.5nm-50nm, for example, it can be 3.5nm, 4nm, 4.8nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 12nm, 12.5nm, 13nm 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 36nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm.

[0098] Optionally, the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is 60nm to 70nm. The thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 is relatively suitable. On the one hand, it can ensure that each position has an excellent passivation effect, and the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer is set according to the passivation requirements, which can reduce waste. At the same time, in the present application, after the light enters the passivation anti-reflection layer of different thicknesses, the light path of the light will change more times, which can increase the optical path. With the velvet structure of the present application, the absorption of light can be further increased, the light trapping effect is better, the short-circuit current can be further increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell can be further improved. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful.

[0099] Here, the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer 3 may be the thickness of the front passivation anti-reflection layer located on the light-facing side of the silicon substrate 2, and / or the thickness of the back passivation anti-reflection layer located on the backlight side of the silicon substrate 2. For example, the thickness of the front passivation anti-reflection layer may be: 60 nm, or 60.3 nm, or 60.9 nm, or 61.4 nm, or 61.94 nm, or 62.6 nm, or 63.9 nm, or 64.92 nm, or 65.7 nm, or 66.9 nm, or 67.5 nm, or 68.34 nm, or 70 nm.

[0100] Optional, see Figure 5 The pyramid-like structure has a cluster of nested ring-like textures 23 in the top 21 of the pyramid-like structure and the second sub-cone surface of the pyramid-like structure. The ring-like textures 23 may be open-shaped, ring-like textures, and / or closed-shaped, ring-like textures. For example, Figure 5 In the cluster of nested quasi-annular textures 23 marked 23 in the middle position, both open-shaped and closed-shaped patterns exist. In a cluster of nested quasi-annular textures 23, the number of quasi-annular textures 23 is not specifically limited, and each quasi-annular texture 23 is nested with each other. There is basically no quasi-annular texture in the first sub-cone surface of the quasi-pyramid structure. There is a corresponding relationship between the quasi-annular texture 23 and the protrusions or depressions on the conical surface of the quasi-pyramid structure. The quasi-annular texture 23 is usually located at the junction of the protrusions and depressions on the conical surface of the quasi-pyramid structure, that is, the more quasi-annular textures 23 there are, the more protrusions and depressions there are on the conical surface of the quasi-pyramid structure. Therefore, the more textures there are, the larger the specific surface area of ​​the velvet structure can be. The more irregular the distribution position of the quasi-annular texture is, the velvet structure can have a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, better light trapping effect, and can increase the short-circuit current, and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black and more beautiful.

[0101] Reference Figure 5 The quasi-annular texture 23 here can be a skirt-like texture, that is, an irregularly stacked texture like a skirt shape can be seen under electron microscope detection, and / or a rose flower-like texture, that is, an irregularly stacked texture like a multi-layer rose petal stacked shape in a rose flower can be seen under electron microscope detection. The quasi-annular texture 23 has a beautiful shape, lower reflectivity, and better light trapping effect.

[0102] Optional, see Figure 5In a cluster of quasi-annular textures 23, along the height direction of the quasi-pyramid structure, the closer to the cone top 21, the smaller the outline of the quasi-annular texture 23, and the farther away from the cone top 21, the larger the outline of the quasi-annular texture 23. The distribution position of the above-mentioned quasi-annular textures 23 is irregular. At the same time, the quasi-annular textures 23 can increase the specific surface area, so that the velvet structure has a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, better light trapping effect, can increase the short-circuit current, and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell, and the appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful.

[0103] Optional, see Figures 3 to 5 , the part of the pyramid-like structure far from the cone top 21 is the lower part of the pyramid-like structure, and the height of the lower part is at least 1 / 10 of the height of the pyramid-like structure. In the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, the first sub-cone surface far from the cone top 21 is: the area corresponding to the lower part in the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, and the second sub-cone surface is: the area closer to the cone top 21 than the first sub-cone surface in the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure. Specifically, the division of the second sub-cone surface and the first sub-cone surface here is more accurate, which is not only conducive to the preparation of the velvet structure, but also has lower reflectivity and better light trapping effect, which can increase the short-circuit current and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell, and the appearance of the battery cell is uniformly black, which is more beautiful.

[0104] For example, the portion of the pyramid-like structure far from the apex 21 is the lower portion of the pyramid-like structure, and the height of the lower portion is 1 / 10, 2 / 15, 3 / 20, 1 / 9, 1 / 8, 1 / 7, 1 / 6, 1 / 5, or 1 / 4 of the height of the pyramid-like structure. In the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, the first sub-cone surface far from the apex 21 is: the area corresponding to the lower portion in the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, and the second sub-cone surface is: the area in the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure that is closer to the apex 21 than the first sub-cone surface.

[0105] Optional, see Figure 5 In the velvet structure, at least two pyramid-like structures are at least far away from the lower part of the cone top 21, and are integrated into one. The cone tops of the integrated pyramid-like structures 25 are separated. The shape of the velvet structure is flexible and diverse, and it is easy to prepare. The cone tops of the integrated pyramid-like structures 25 are separated. The velvet structure has a larger specific surface area, lower reflectivity, and better light trapping effect, which can increase the short-circuit current and ultimately improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell. The appearance of the battery cell is uniform black, which is more beautiful. For example, Figure 5 In the velvet structure, the two pyramid-like structures enclosed in the left bracket are at least far away from the lower part of the cone top 21, and are integrated into one, and the cone tops of the integrated pyramid-like structures 25 are separated.

[0106] Optional, see Figure 6 , Figure 7, the battery cell 4 is a back contact battery cell 15, and the battery string array also includes: a plurality of bus bars 15 located at the first end, the second end and the middle, respectively. The bus bars 15 mainly serve as electrical connections between battery strings, and their specific materials are not specifically limited. The first end and the second end are opposite in the extension direction of the battery string, and the middle is located between the first end and the second end. A black insulating gasket 9 is bonded to the side of the bus bar 15 close to the glass cover plate 1, and the black insulating gasket 9 completely covers the surface of the bus bar 15 close to the glass cover plate; or, refer to Figure 8 A black shielding material 8 is disposed on the second surface 13 of the glass cover plate 1 close to the battery string array, at a position corresponding to the bus bar 15. Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shielding material covers the projection of the bus bar. The black shielding material includes: at least one of black glaze, black film and black tape. Specifically, for the back-contact cell, its metal electrodes are all disposed on the backlight side, and there is no metal electrode shielding on the light-facing side. Therefore, the light-facing side of the light back-contact cell is basically uniformly black, and is more beautiful in appearance. From the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, along the extension direction of the battery string, the first end, the second end and several bus bars in the middle can be seen. The color of the bus bar is usually silver-white. The surface of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate 1 is the light-facing side of the bus bar. Therefore, a black insulating gasket is directly bonded to the side of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate 1. The black insulating gasket completely covers the surface of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate 1, or the second surface 13 of the glass cover plate 1 close to the battery string array is provided at a position corresponding to the bus bar. There is a black shielding object. Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shielding object covers the projection of the busbar. The black insulating gasket or black shielding object here will completely cover the surface of the busbar close to the glass cover 1. Therefore, from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, only the black insulating gasket or black shielding object can be seen, and the silver-white busbar cannot be seen. From the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate presents a uniform black color, which is more beautiful in appearance and can also improve the glare problem. At the same time, the metal electrodes of the back contact cell are all set on the backlight side, and there is no metal electrode shielding on the light-facing side, which maximizes the use of incident light, reduces optical losses, brings more effective power generation area, and has higher conversion efficiency. Figure 8 The color of the black shielding object 8 is still black, and the pink color in the figure is only to highlight the black shielding object 8. It should be noted that Figures 1 to 13 In the diagram, colored lines other than black are only used to highlight the components, and the actual colors are mainly recorded in the text.

[0107] It should be noted that the black insulating gasket here completely covers the surface of the busbar close to the glass cover 1, or along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, and the projection of the black obstruction covers the projection of the busbar. It can be understood that, from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, only the black insulating gasket or the black obstruction can be seen, but the busbar cannot be seen.

[0108] The black insulating gasket here has an insulating effect and will not have a negative impact on the electrical properties of the photovoltaic module or the photovoltaic laminate. The black shielding material here includes: at least one of black glaze, black film and black tape, the above materials also have an insulating effect and will not have a negative impact on the electrical properties of the photovoltaic module or the photovoltaic laminate. At the same time, the above materials have good aging resistance and are easy to obtain.

[0109] Optionally, the busbar and the adjacent solar cells are fixed by black tape, so that the busbar will not deviate, and it is convenient to accurately locate and firmly fix the busbar. Moreover, the black tape matches the overall color tone of the photovoltaic module, making the photovoltaic module more beautiful.

[0110] Optional, see Figure 6 and Figure 7, the cell 4 is a back contact cell, and the cell string array further includes: a conductive interconnector 10 located between adjacent cells 4. The function of the conductive interconnector is mainly to electrically connect adjacent cells 4. For example, the conductive interconnector 10 can be a welding strip, etc., and its specific material is not specifically limited. A black tape 14 is bonded on the side of the conductive interconnector between adjacent cells close to the glass cover plate 1, and the black tape 14 completely covers the surface of the conductive interconnector between adjacent cells close to the glass cover plate 1. Or, a black shield is provided on the second surface of the glass cover plate close to the cell string array at a position corresponding to the conductive interconnector. Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shield covers the projection of the conductive interconnector. The black shield includes: at least one of black glaze, black film and black tape. Specifically, for the back contact cell, its metal electrodes are all arranged on the backlight side, and there is no metal electrode shielding on the light-facing side. Therefore, the light-facing side of the light back contact cell is basically uniformly black, and the appearance is more beautiful. Most of the conductive interconnects are located on the backlight side of the back contact cell. When viewed from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, only the conductive interconnects located between adjacent cells can be seen. The color of the conductive interconnects is usually not black. The surface of the conductive interconnects between adjacent cells close to the glass cover 1 is the light-facing side of the conductive interconnects between adjacent cells. Therefore, a black tape is directly bonded to the side of the conductive interconnects between adjacent cells close to the glass cover 1, and the black tape completely covers the surface of the conductive interconnects between adjacent cells close to the glass cover 1, or the second surface 13 of the glass cover 1 close to the battery string array. , a black shield is arranged at the position corresponding to the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells. Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shield covers the projection of the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells. The black tape or black shield here will completely cover the surface of the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells close to the glass cover 1. Therefore, from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, only the black tape or black shield can be seen, but the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells cannot be seen. From the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate presents a uniform black color, which is more beautiful in appearance. At the same time, the metal electrodes of the back contact cells are all arranged on the backlight side, and there is no metal electrode shielding on the light-facing side, which maximizes the use of incident light, reduces optical losses, brings more effective power generation area, and has higher conversion efficiency.

[0111] It should be noted that the black tape here completely covers the surface of the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells close to the glass cover plate 1, or along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate. The projection of the black shielding covers the projection of the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells. It can be understood that from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, only the black tape or black shielding can be seen, and the conductive interconnection between adjacent cells cannot be seen. The black tape here also has an insulating effect and will not have a negative impact on the electrical properties of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate. The black shielding here includes: at least one of black glaze, black film and black tape. The above materials also have an insulating effect and will not have a negative impact on the electrical properties of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, and the above materials are easy to obtain. The black tape 14 here also bonds the conductive interconnection 10 between adjacent cells 4 to the adjacent cells 4, and slightly fuses after lamination. The black tape 14 will not deviate and play a shielding role.

[0112] Optionally, the material of the black tape may be selected from: polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyimide (PI). And / or, the glaze of the black glaze is selected from: at least one of titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and barium oxide (BaO). The above materials have good insulation properties and are easy to obtain.

[0113] Optionally, the backplane is a composite backplane, and the color of the surface of the composite backplane close to the battery string array is black. Specifically, when the backplane is a composite backplane, from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, it can be seen that the position on the surface of the composite backplane close to the battery string array corresponding to the sheet gap and the string gap is black, and from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the position on the surface of the composite backplane close to the battery string array corresponding to the sheet gap and the string gap is also black, and from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate is uniformly black, which is more beautiful in appearance. Or, the backplane is glass, and a black shielding is provided on the surface of the backplane close to the battery string array at the position corresponding to the string gap and the sheet gap. The black shielding includes: at least one of black glaze, black adhesive film and black tape. Specifically, when the backplane is glass, when viewed from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the position on the surface of the glass close to the battery string array corresponding to the sheet gap and the string gap is black. When viewed from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the position on the surface of the glass close to the battery string array corresponding to the sheet gap and the string gap is also black. When viewed from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate, the photovoltaic module or photovoltaic laminate is uniformly black, which is more beautiful in appearance. The color of the surface of the composite backplane away from the battery string array is not specifically limited. For example, the color of the surface of the composite backplane away from the battery string array can be white, etc.

[0114] It should be noted that the black glaze, black film and black tape here can all refer to the aforementioned related records and have the same or similar beneficial effects. In order to avoid repetition, they will not be described here.

[0115] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes: a plurality of black frames located around the photovoltaic laminate, then the photovoltaic laminate and the frames are both black, and when viewed from the light-facing side of the photovoltaic module or the photovoltaic laminate, the photovoltaic module is uniformly black, and the appearance is more beautiful. The black frame here can be a black aluminum alloy frame, a black steel frame, a black composite material frame, etc., and the material thereof is not specifically limited. It should be noted that the number of black frames here is not specifically limited. For example, the number of black frames around the photovoltaic laminate can be 4.

[0116] Optional, see Fig. 9 , Fig.10, the A side of the black frame is provided with a first wavy pattern. Starting from the top, the black frame is divided into A side, B side and C side in a counterclockwise direction. Specifically, the black frame may include a black short frame 41 and / or a black long frame 42, where the A side of the black short frame 41 may be provided with a first wavy pattern and / or the A side of the black long frame 42 may be provided with a first wavy pattern. The A side of the black frame will subsequently cooperate with the pressing block, and the A side of the black frame is provided with a first wavy pattern, which can increase the friction between the pressing block, thereby making its assembly with the pressing block more firm and reliable.

[0117] Optionally, each corner of the photovoltaic module is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer. The arc-shaped chamfer is more rounded and can avoid stress concentration and can avoid cutting people.

[0118] Optional, see Fig.11 The photovoltaic module may also include: a junction box 5 located on the side of the back plate away from the battery string array, and the junction box 5 is provided with a black tie 6, which matches the overall color of the photovoltaic module, thereby making the appearance of the photovoltaic module more beautiful. The aforementioned busbars will converge into the junction box 5 here. The main function of the black tie 6 is to tie up the junction box 5 and the more wires around it.

[0119] Optionally, a black sealant is provided between the photovoltaic laminate and the black frame, and the black sealant mainly serves to fill the gap between the photovoltaic laminate and the black frame. The color of the sealant is also black, which matches the overall color of the photovoltaic module, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic module is uniformly black and more beautiful.

[0120] Optionally, the black cable tie 6 is a black detachable cable tie, and the snap-fit ​​cable tie is easy to disassemble, which can solve the problem of being difficult to disassemble during on-site installation, and can be used repeatedly.

[0121] Optionally, a second wave pattern matching the aforementioned first wave pattern is provided on the pressing block that cooperates with the black frame. The first wave pattern cooperates with the second wave pattern to increase the friction between the black frame and the pressing block, thereby making the assembly with the pressing block more firm and reliable.

[0122] Optionally, at least one of the four frames around the photovoltaic laminate is: a frame without anti-dust accumulation on the A side, which can reduce dust accumulation. Among the four frames around the photovoltaic laminate, several frames are frames without anti-dust accumulation on the A side, without limitation. For example, a short frame among the four frames can be a frame without anti-dust accumulation on the A side. After the photovoltaic module is installed, the frame without anti-dust accumulation on the A side is closer to the center of the earth, which plays a good role in preventing dust accumulation. Alternatively, all four frames can be frames without anti-dust accumulation on the A side, and the four frames are more consistent and more beautiful.

[0123] Optional, see Fig.12The B and / or C surfaces of the black frame are provided with a laser nameplate 422. The B and / or C surfaces of the black frame are described above. The laser nameplate 422 may record identification information such as a frame barcode. The B and / or C surfaces of the black frame are relatively hidden relative to the A surface. The laser nameplate 422 is provided on the B and / or C surfaces of the black frame to achieve spatial reuse.

[0124] Optional, see Figure 6 Each battery string is formed by 9 battery cells 4 connected in series, and the battery string array is a 6×2 battery string array, or in other words, the format of the photovoltaic module is a 54 format. The battery string array can effectively utilize the internal space of the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module has excellent electrical performance.

[0125] Optionally, the width d2 of the photovoltaic module is 1127 mm to 1138 mm, and the length d3 is 1716 mm to 2400 mm. The length of the photovoltaic module is perpendicular to the extension direction of the battery string, and the width of the photovoltaic module is parallel to the extension direction of the battery string. The size of the photovoltaic module is relatively appropriate and the electrical performance is excellent.

[0126] For example, the width d2 of the photovoltaic module can be 1127 mm, or 1127.11 mm, or 1127.5 mm, or 1128 mm, or 1128.5 mm, or 1128.97 mm, or 1129 mm, or 1129.5 mm, or 1129.9 mm, or 1130 mm, or 1130.5 mm, or 1131 mm, or 1131.5 mm, or 1132 mm, or 1132.5 mm, or 1133 mm, or 1133.5 mm, or 1134 mm, or 1134.5 mm, or 1135 mm, or 1135.5 mm, or 1136 mm, or 1136.5 mm, or 1137 mm, or 1137.5 mm, or 1138 mm.

[0127] For another example, the length d3 of the photovoltaic module can be 1716 mm, or 1718 mm, or 1719 mm, or 1720 mm, or 1720.5 mm, or 1725 mm, or 1730 mm, or 1735.5 mm, or 1740 mm, or 1745.5 mm, or 1750 mm, or 1760.5 mm, or 1780 mm, or 1781.5 mm, or 1792 mm, or 1796.5mm, or 1799mm, or 1800mm, or 1802mm, or 1803.5mm, or 1804mm, or 1820mm, or 1849mm, or 1890mm, or 1900mm, or 1924mm, or 1948mm, or 1960mm, or 2002mm, or 2180mm, or 2300mm, or 2324mm, or 2400mm.

[0128] Optional, see Fig.13 The back plate 7 is made of glass, and only part of the back plate is shown here. A through hole 71 is provided on the back plate 7, and a black shielding material 8 is provided on the surface of the back plate 71 close to the battery string array and around the through hole 71. The junction box 5 located on the side of the back plate 7 away from the battery string array has a slight color difference with the light-facing surface of the photovoltaic module. The black shielding material 8 here can play a role in shielding the exposed part of the junction box 5, so that when viewed from the light-facing surface of the photovoltaic module or the photovoltaic laminate, the photovoltaic module is uniformly black, and the appearance is more beautiful.

[0129] It should be noted that Fig.13 The pink color is only used to highlight the black shielding 8, and it is not the actual color of the black shielding 8, which is still black. The shape and aperture d4 of the through hole 71 are not specifically limited. For example, the through hole 71 may be a circular through hole or an elliptical through hole, etc. The shape and aperture d4 of the through hole 71 are mainly for the convenience of the installation of the busbar. The interval d5 between the black shielding 8 around the through hole 71 and the through hole 71 may be 0 to 2.3 mm. The interval d5 between the black shielding 8 around the through hole 71 and the through hole 71 is 0, which means that the black shielding 8 is set to the edge of the through hole 71. The interval d5 between the black shielding 8 around the through hole 71 and the through hole 71 is 0 to 2.3 mm. The setting of d5 is more appropriate, which can not only completely cover the exposed part of the junction box 5, but also avoid waste. The shape of the black shielding 8 around the through hole 71 is close to that of the through hole 71, which is consistent with the shape of the through hole 71 and has better aesthetics. For example, Fig.13 In the figure, the through hole 71 is a circular hole with an aperture of d4, the shape of the black shielding object 8 near the through hole 71 is also circular with an aperture of d6, and the difference between d6 and d4 is d5.

[0130] For example, the interval d5 between the black shield 8 around the through hole 71 and the through hole 71 can be 0, or 0.11 mm, or 0.27 mm, or 0.69 mm, or 0.73 mm, or 0.97 mm, or 1 mm, or 1.13 mm, or 1.29 mm, or 1.33 mm, or 1.47 mm, or 1.51 mm, or 1.65 mm, or 1.72 mm, or 1.83 mm, or 1.94 mm, or 2 mm, or 2.1 mm, or 2.2 mm, or 2.26 mm, or 2.3 mm.

[0131] The present application also provides a photovoltaic system, which includes: a plurality of array-arranged photovoltaic modules such as any of the aforementioned photovoltaic modules, and the arrangement mode and location of the photovoltaic system are not specifically limited. The photovoltaic system has the same or similar beneficial effects as any of the aforementioned photovoltaic modules, and the relevant parts can be referenced to each other. In order to avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0132] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0133] The embodiments of the utility model are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the utility model, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the utility model and the claims, which all fall within the protection of the utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Photovoltaic laminates; The photovoltaic laminate comprises: A battery string array; the battery string array comprises: a plurality of battery strings arranged in an array; the battery string comprises: a plurality of battery cells electrically connected; the reflectivity of the battery cells is 2.4% to 2.9%; A glass cover plate is located at a first side of the battery string array; a first surface of the glass cover plate away from the battery string array has a plurality of concave and convex structures, and a second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array has a flatness less than that of the first surface; and a back plate located at a second side of the battery string array; the first side and the second side are opposite to each other.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of concave-convex structures have wave crests that are distributed in an array or irregularly.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aspect ratio of the concavo-convex structure is 0.6 to 1.8, the height direction of the concavo-convex structure is parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, and the width direction of the concavo-convex structure is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height of the concave-convex structure is 1.5 μm to 2.5 um, and the width is 1.5 μm to 2.5 um.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glass cover plate is patterned glass; and the second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array is a smooth surface.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflectivity of the cell is in the range of 0.23% to 24%.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cell comprises: a silicon substrate, the surface of the silicon substrate has a velvet structure, the velvet structure comprises: a plurality of pyramid-like structures; the pyramid-like structure comprises a cone surface and a cone top; the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure comprises: a first sub-cone surface away from the cone top, and a second sub-cone surface, the second sub-cone surface being the remaining part of the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure except the first sub-cone surface; In the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure, the surface morphology of the first sub-cone surface is different from that of the second sub-cone surface; Or, the cone surface of the pyramid-like structure has a branched texture, and the number of the branched texture in the second sub-cone surface is greater than the number of the branched texture in the first sub-cone surface; Alternatively, the pyramid-like structure includes: a cone top, a cone surface and at least two side edges; the side edges include: a lower section away from the cone top, and a first section, and the bending degree of the lower section is smaller than that of the first section.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The undulation of the first sub-conical surface is smaller than the undulation of the second sub-conical surface; Or, the roughness of the first sub-conical surface is smaller than the roughness of the second sub-conical surface.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The cell further comprises: a passivation anti-reflection layer located on the silicon substrate; the passivation anti-reflection layer comprises: a first portion located on the first sub-conical surface, and a second portion located on the second sub-conical surface; in the passivation anti-reflection layer, the thickness of the first portion along the same direction close to the cone top is greater than the thickness of the second portion; And / or, the thickness of the passivation anti-reflection layer is 60 nm to 70 nm.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The battery cell is a back contact battery cell, and the battery string array further comprises: a plurality of bus bars respectively located at a first end, a second end and a middle; the first end and the second end are opposite to each other in the extension direction of the battery string, and the middle is located between the first end and the second end; A black insulating gasket is bonded to a side of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate, the black insulating gasket completely covers the surface of the bus bar close to the glass cover plate, and the bus bar and the adjacent battery cells are fixed by a black tape; Alternatively, a black shielding material is provided on the second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array at a position corresponding to the bus bar; along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shielding material covers the projection of the bus bar; the black shielding material includes: at least one of black glaze, black adhesive film and black adhesive tape.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The cell sheets are back-contact cell sheets, and the cell string array further comprises: conductive interconnectors located between adjacent cell sheets; A black tape is bonded to a side of the conductive interconnection member between the adjacent battery cells close to the glass cover plate, and the black tape completely covers a surface of the conductive interconnection member between the adjacent battery cells close to the glass cover plate; Alternatively, a black shielding material is provided on the second surface of the glass cover plate close to the battery string array at a position corresponding to the conductive interconnection member; along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic laminate, the projection of the black shielding material covers the projection of the conductive interconnection member; the black shielding material includes: at least one of black glaze, black adhesive film and black adhesive tape.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that: The material of the black tape is selected from: polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide; And / or, the black glaze is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and barium oxide.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The material of the black tape is selected from: polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide; And / or, the black glaze is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and barium oxide.

14. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The backplane is a composite backplane, and the color of the surface of the composite backplane close to the battery string array is black; Alternatively, the backplane is glass, and black shielding is provided on the surface of the backplane close to the battery string array at positions corresponding to the string gaps and the cell gaps; the black shielding includes: at least one of black glaze, black film and black tape.

15. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The photovoltaic assembly further comprises: a plurality of black frames located around the photovoltaic laminate, wherein the A surface of the black frames is provided with a first wave pattern, And / or, each corner of the photovoltaic module is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer; And / or, the photovoltaic assembly further comprises: a junction box located on a side of the back plate away from the battery string array, the junction box being provided with a black cable tie.

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 15, characterized in that: A black sealant is provided between the photovoltaic laminate and the black frame; and / or, the black cable tie is a black removable cable tie; And / or, a second wave pattern matching the first wave pattern is provided on a pressing block matched with the black frame; or, at least one of the four frames around the photovoltaic laminate is: a frame without an A-side dust accumulation prevention frame; And / or, the B side and / or the C side of the black frame are provided with a laser nameplate; And / or, each of the battery strings is formed by 9 battery cells connected in series, and the battery string array is a 6×2 battery string array; And / or, the photovoltaic module has a width of 1127 mm to 1138 mm and a length of 1716 mm to 2400 mm.

17. The photovoltaic module according to claim 14, characterized in that: The back panel is made of glass and is provided with a through hole. The black shielding is arranged on the surface of the back panel close to the battery string array and around the through hole. The interval between the black shielding around the through hole and the through hole is 0 to 2.3 mm. The shape of the black shielding around the through hole is close to the through hole and is consistent with the shape of the through hole.

18. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: include: A plurality of photovoltaic modules as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 arranged in an array.

Images