A multifunctional fuel cell combined heat and power system for on-grid and off-grid use

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, and discloses an off-grid multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system, wherein one end of a hydrogen comprehensive treatment device is connected to a hydrogen supply and purification device, and the other end is connected to an exhaust gas treatment device through three branches, one of which is a loop, and one branch is provided with a pressure sensor A and a protective solenoid valve; the other end of a water tank is connected to a main water pump, a heat exchanger, a radiator and an exhaust gas treatment device in sequence, and the heat exchanger and the radiator are provided with a manual regulating valve B, a pressure sensor D and a solenoid valve respectively, one end of a heat exchanger is connected to a heat exchange temperature control device, and a temperature sensor G is provided in the hot water outflow direction of the heat exchange temperature control device, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to a cold water inlet pipeline, and a temperature sensor F, a water pump and a water flow sensor are provided on the cold water inlet pipeline. The system has the characteristics of high reliability, high efficiency and environmental friendliness, and provides strong support for sustainable development and energy transformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cells and relates to an on-grid and off-grid multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system. Background Art

[0002] As energy demand continues to increase, the supply of traditional fossil energy can no longer meet the growing energy demand. In order to solve this problem, the combined heat and power system, as an efficient and environmentally friendly way of energy utilization, has gradually attracted attention. The combined heat and power system combines the production and utilization of heat and electricity, which can improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce energy waste, and also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] Traditional cogeneration systems usually consist of multiple components, such as thermal generators, heat recovery systems, power and heat regulation systems, etc. The collaborative work between these components enables the system to make full use of various forms of energy and improve energy utilization.

[0004] However, there are still some problems in the existing cogeneration system, such as low system integration, high maintenance cost, poor system stability, etc. These problems limit the widespread application of cogeneration system. Therefore, it has become an urgent need to develop a new type of cogeneration system to improve the system integration, stability and efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] In recent years, with the development of information technology and artificial intelligence technology, the application of artificial intelligence in the energy field has gradually increased. Using artificial intelligence technology, the combined heat and power system can be comprehensively optimized and monitored to improve the operating efficiency and stability of the system. Therefore, applying artificial intelligence technology to the optimization and integration of combined heat and power systems is expected to provide new solutions for the widespread application of combined heat and power systems.

[0006] The utility model aims to provide an on-grid and off-grid multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system, which can efficiently utilize the electric energy and thermal energy generated by the fuel cell, realize efficient utilization of energy and reduce pollution to the environment.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the fuel cell cogeneration system provided by the utility model includes a fuel cell, a heat exchanger, a heat accumulator heat recovery device and an electric energy conversion device. The fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and thermal energy through chemical reactions. The electrical energy is converted into alternating current through the electric energy conversion device and supplied to the external power grid or peripheral equipment for use; the thermal energy is exchanged and stored through the heat exchanger and the heat accumulator for heating, heat supply or other application needs.

[0008] The above-mentioned purpose of the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system for connecting to and disconnecting the grid, wherein one end of a hydrogen comprehensive treatment device is connected to a hydrogen supply and purification device, and the other end is connected to an exhaust gas treatment device through three branches, one of which is a loop, and one branch is provided with a pressure sensor A and a protective solenoid valve; a temperature sensor B, a pressure sensor E, a temperature sensor C, a pressure sensor B and an opening regulating valve are provided in sequence on the pipeline connecting the air supply and purification device and the exhaust gas treatment device; a temperature sensor D is provided on the pipeline connecting the air supply and purification device and the water tank, and the other end of the water tank is connected in sequence It is connected to the main water pump, heat exchanger, radiator and exhaust gas treatment device. The heat exchanger and radiator are respectively provided with a manual regulating valve B, a pressure sensor D and a solenoid valve. The branch line connecting the heat exchanger and the exhaust gas treatment device is also provided with a pressure sensor C and a temperature sensor E. The branch line connecting the radiator and the exhaust gas treatment device is also provided with a manual regulating valve A. One end of the heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange temperature control device. A temperature sensor G is provided in the hot water outflow direction of the heat exchange temperature control device. The other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the cold water inlet pipeline. The cold water inlet pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor F, a water pump and a water flow sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen comprehensive treatment device includes an ejector, a water separator, a temperature and pressure sensor and a safety valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the air supply and purification device includes an air compressor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a gas cooling device, and a gas humidifier.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0013] 1. Efficient energy utilization: This system fully utilizes the electrical energy and thermal energy generated by the fuel cell, improves energy utilization efficiency and reduces energy waste.

[0014] 2. Reduce environmental pollution: Compared with traditional energy generation methods, this system uses renewable energy hydrogen and oxygen as fuel, achieves zero-emission energy utilization, and reduces environmental pollution.

[0015] 3. Flexibility and scalability: This system can be designed and adjusted according to actual needs and scale. It is suitable for home, industrial and commercial fields and has good flexibility and scalability.

[0016] 4. High reliability and stability: This system adopts advanced fuel cell technology, has high reliability and stability, can operate stably for a long time, and provide continuous supply of electricity and heat energy.

[0017] Through the above technical features and advantages, the fuel cell cogeneration system of the utility model provides strong support for sustainable development and energy transformation, and has broad application prospects and economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a heat and power cogeneration system of the utility model.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Hydrogen supply and purification device; 2. Hydrogen comprehensive treatment device; 3. Pressure sensor A; 4. Protection solenoid valve; 5. Exhaust gas treatment device; 6. Air supply and purification device; 7. Temperature sensor B; 8. Pressure sensor E; 9. Temperature sensor C; 10. Pressure sensor B; 11. Opening regulating valve; 12. Water tank; 13. Temperature sensor D; 14. Temperature sensor E; 15. Pressure sensor C; 16. Radiator; 17. Manual regulating valve A; 18. Solenoid valve; 19. Automatic opening valve; 20. Pressure sensor D; 21. Main water pump; 22. Manual regulating valve B; 23. Heat exchanger; 24. Water flow sensor; 25. Water pump; 26. Temperature sensor F; 27. Heat exchange temperature control device; 28. Temperature sensor G. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] The working process of the PEM fuel cell system is as follows:

[0023] 1. Hydrogen supply: The system supplies hydrogen to the negative electrode of the PEM fuel cell through the hydrogen supply system. The hydrogen can come from a hydrogen storage tank or other hydrogen production equipment.

[0024] 2. Oxygen supply: The system supplies oxygen in the air to the positive electrode of the PEM fuel cell through the air supply system. The positive electrode is usually ventilated and can obtain oxygen directly from the air.

[0025] 3. Chemical reaction: In the electrolyte membrane of the PEM fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen undergo a chemical reaction to produce electrons and positive ions.

[0026] 4. Separation of electrons and positive ions: The electrons produced by the chemical reaction flow to the negative electrode through the external circuit, and the positive ions flow to the positive electrode through the electrolyte membrane.

[0027] 5. Power output: In the external circuit, the flow of electrons generates electrical energy, which can be supplied to external loads such as household appliances, industrial equipment, etc.

[0028] 6. Waste heat recovery: During the operation of PEM fuel cells, a large amount of waste heat is generated. The system recovers the waste heat through heat exchangers and heat accumulators for heating, heating or other application needs.

[0029] 7. System control: The PEM fuel cell system is also equipped with a control system to monitor and control the operating status of each component to ensure safe and stable operation of the system.

[0030] One end of the hydrogen comprehensive treatment device 2 is connected to the hydrogen supply and purification device 1, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device 5 through three branches, one of which is a loop, and one branch is provided with a pressure sensor A3 and a protection solenoid valve 4; the pipeline connecting the air supply and purification device 6 and the exhaust gas treatment device 5 is provided with a temperature sensor B7, a pressure sensor E8, a temperature sensor C9, a pressure sensor B10 and an opening regulating valve 11 in sequence; the pipeline connecting the air supply and purification device 6 and the water tank 12 is provided with a temperature sensor D13, and the other end of the water tank 12 is connected to the main water pump 21, the heat exchanger 23, the radiator 16 and the exhaust gas in sequence. Treatment device 5, heat exchanger 23 and radiator 16 are respectively provided with manual regulating valve B22, pressure sensor D20 and solenoid valve 18, the branch connecting heat exchanger 23 and exhaust gas treatment device 5 is also provided with pressure sensor C15 and temperature sensor E14, the branch connecting radiator 16 and exhaust gas treatment device 5 is also provided with manual regulating valve A17; one end of heat exchanger 23 is connected to heat exchange temperature control device 27, the hot water outflow direction of heat exchange temperature control device 27 is provided with temperature sensor G28, the other end of heat exchanger 23 is connected to cold water inlet pipeline, the cold water inlet pipeline is provided with temperature sensor F26, water pump 25 and water flow sensor 24.

[0031] Practical implementation:

[0032] Hydrogen supply: The hydrogen supply and purification device 1 pre-treats the hydrogen and detects whether the hydrogen pressure meets the prerequisite for continued operation. The hydrogen comprehensive treatment device 2 performs secondary decompression on the hydrogen to ensure that the gas entering the fuel cell is at a stable pressure and flow rate that meets the working conditions. The hydrogen comprehensive treatment device 2 includes an ejector, a water separator, a temperature and pressure sensor, and a safety valve. The gas entering the fuel cell is processed in all directions. The pressure sensor A3 mainly detects the pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell hydrogen path, and detects the inlet and outlet pressure difference in real time. After passing through the pressure sensor A3, the hydrogen comprehensive treatment device 2 separates the residual usable hydrogen once and then performs secondary pressure boosting and re-injects it into the fuel cell inlet. The protective solenoid valve 4 is a normally open valve. After the equipment is shut down or abnormally shut down, the residual hydrogen in the hydrogen pipeline can be released to the tail gas treatment device 5. The tail gas treatment device 5 has the function of separating water and reacting the residual hydrogen into water, so that the tail exhaust of the equipment only discharges air and liquid water.

[0033] Oxygen supply: The air supply and purification device 6 includes an air compressor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a gas cooling device, and a gas humidifier. The air processed by the air supply and purification device 6 can meet the working condition requirements of the fuel cell. The temperature sensor B7 and the pressure sensor E8 are used as the final detection of the air entering the fuel cell to protect the fuel cell from abnormal gas inlet and trigger an alarm or emergency shutdown. The temperature sensor C9 is an auxiliary detection point, and the pressure sensor B10 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the air side inlet and outlet to control the real-time opening of the opening regulating valve 11 to adjust the overall air flow.

[0034] Main circulation: The water tank 12 performs real-time liquid level control on the entire circulating water circuit, which includes a liquid level sensor to detect the liquid level under the water tank and remind the replenishment of coolant. The main water pump 21 is controlled by the PWM signal to output the real-time temperature of the temperature sensor E14. The manual regulating valve B22 is used to distribute the water flow between the main circulation and the auxiliary circulation to ensure the normal operation of the auxiliary devices of the equipment. The pressure sensor D20 detects the real-time pressure of the main circulation water circuit to ensure the normal flow of the auxiliary water circuit. The automatic opening valve 19, the solenoid valve 18, and the radiator 16 jointly control the ratio of active heat dissipation and no heat dissipation, so as to make micro-adjustments when the water pump 21 does not adjust the temperature enough. The pressure sensor C15 detects the real-time pressure of the circulating water inlet of the fuel cell.

[0035] External hot water supply: The temperature sensor 26F, the temperature sensor 28 and the water flow sensor 24 work together to complete the statistics of the thermal power, which can more efficiently and intuitively display the overall efficiency in real time. The water pump 25 and the water flow sensor 24 can adjust the hot water flow in real time. The heat exchanger 23 is a key component for the external output of heat energy in the system, and its efficiency can reach 95%. When the heat exchange capacity of the system cannot meet the user's demand, the heat exchange temperature control device 27 can compensate for the hot water according to the power consumption.

[0036] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes made to the present invention without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system for off-grid heating and power generation, characterized in that hydrogen One end of the comprehensive treatment device (2) is connected to the hydrogen supply and purification device (1), and the other end is connected to the tail gas treatment device (5) through three branches, one of which is a loop, and one branch is provided with a pressure sensor A (3) and a protection solenoid valve (4); the pipeline connecting the air supply and purification device (6) and the tail gas treatment device (5) is provided with a temperature sensor B (7), a pressure sensor E (8), a temperature sensor C (9), a pressure sensor B (10) and an opening regulating valve (11) in sequence; the pipeline connecting the air supply and purification device (6) and the water tank (12) is provided with a temperature sensor D (13), and the other end of the water tank (12) is connected to the main water pump (21), the heat exchanger (23), the radiator (16) and the tail gas treatment device in sequence. The heat exchanger (23) and the radiator (16) are respectively provided with a manual regulating valve B (22), a pressure sensor D (20) and a solenoid valve (18); a branch line connecting the heat exchanger (23) and the exhaust gas treatment device (5) is also provided with a pressure sensor C (15) and a temperature sensor E (14); a branch line connecting the radiator (16) and the exhaust gas treatment device (5) is also provided with a manual regulating valve A (17); one end of the heat exchanger (23) is connected to a heat exchange temperature control device (27); a temperature sensor G (28) is provided in the hot water outflow direction of the heat exchange temperature control device (27); the other end of the heat exchanger (23) is connected to a cold water inlet pipeline; a temperature sensor F (26), a water pump (25) and a water flow sensor (24) are provided on the cold water inlet pipeline.

2. The off-grid multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen comprehensive treatment device (2) comprises an ejector, a water separator, temperature and pressure sensors and a safety valve.

3. The off-grid multifunctional fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air supply and purification device (6) comprises an air compressor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a gas cooling device, and a gas humidifier.

Images