Solar cell, solar cell module and solar cell module
By opening grooves in the functional layer of the solar cell to form conductive channels, the problem of large series resistance inside the solar cell is solved, and the effect of reducing resistance and improving efficiency is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421394657.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-08
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-18
AI Technical Summary
When existing solar cells expand their width to reduce dead zone area, they lead to large internal series resistance, resulting in severe loss of carriers and reduced battery efficiency.
By opening a first groove and a second groove through the functional layer in the solar cell, a new conductive channel is formed to build a complete conductive network throughout the internal area of the solar cell.
The resistance of the solar cell module is reduced, the resistance increase caused by series connection is reduced, and the efficiency of the solar cell module is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222736548U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell, a solar cell module and a solar cell assembly. Background Art
[0002] As a key component of renewable energy, solar energy has become an inevitable trend in the development of global renewable energy. Solar cells mainly include: (1) transparent conductive substrate (TCO), (2) intermediate core layer, generally composed of perovskite layer and electron / hole transport layer; (3) back electrode. In the current process, laser scribing is used to cut and connect solar cells in series. Laser scribing will cause a large dead area, resulting in a small effective area of the cell, which reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Therefore, the method of expanding the width of the solar cell is adopted to reduce the dead area and the proportion of the cell unit, thereby increasing the effective area of the solar cell. However, the expansion of the width will lead to a large series resistance inside the solar cell, resulting in a severe loss of carriers inside the solar cell and a loss of cell efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a solar cell, a solar cell module and a solar cell assembly to solve the problem of high internal resistance of solar cells.
[0004] To achieve the purpose of this application, this application provides the following technical solutions:
[0005] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a solar cell, comprising a functional layer; along the thickness direction of the functional layer, the functional layer is provided with a first groove and a second groove penetrating the functional layer, the first groove is connected to the second groove, the first groove extends along a first direction, and the second groove extends along a second direction; the first direction intersects with the second direction.
[0006] In one embodiment, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
[0007] In one embodiment, the width of the first groove is 0.01 μm-500 μm; and / or the depth of the first groove is 0.05 μm-5.5 μm.
[0008] In one embodiment, the width of the second groove is 100 μm-500 μm; and / or the depth of the second groove is 0.05 μm-5.5 μm.
[0009] In one embodiment, there are multiple second grooves, and the multiple second grooves are sequentially arranged at intervals along the first direction.
[0010] In one embodiment, the minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves is 5 mm-50 mm.
[0011] In one embodiment, the solar cell includes a conductive layer, the conductive layer is connected to the functional layer; the conductive layer includes a first surface, the functional layer is connected to the first surface; the bottom walls of the first groove and the second groove are both the first surface.
[0012] In one embodiment, the solar cell further includes a first metal grid line and a second metal grid line, wherein the first metal grid line is accommodated in the first groove, and the second metal grid line is accommodated in the second groove; along the thickness direction of the functional layer, the thickness of the first metal grid line and the second metal grid line are both less than the thickness of the functional layer.
[0013] In one embodiment, the first groove includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first metal gate line has a first gap with the first side, and the first metal gate line has a second gap with the second side; the second groove includes a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other, the second metal gate line has a third gap with the third side, and the second metal gate line has a fourth gap with the fourth side.
[0014] In one embodiment, the first gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm; and / or, the second gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm; and / or, the third gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm; and / or, the fourth gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm.
[0015] In one embodiment, the width of the first metal line metal gate line and the second metal line metal gate line is 100 μm-500 μm; and / or the thickness of the first metal line metal gate line and the second metal line metal gate line is 0.1 μm-5 μm.
[0016] In one embodiment, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a perovskite functional layer and a second transmission layer; the first transmission layer is connected to the perovskite functional layer, and the second transmission layer is connected to a side of the perovskite functional layer facing away from the first transmission layer; the conductive layer is connected to a side of the second transmission layer facing away from the perovskite functional layer.
[0017] In a second aspect, the utility model provides a solar cell module, wherein the solar cell module comprises the solar cell as described in any one of the first aspect.
[0018] In a third aspect, the utility model provides a solar cell assembly, wherein the solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of solar cell modules as described in the second aspect.
[0019] The utility model provides a solar cell, a solar cell module and a solar cell assembly, wherein the solar cell comprises a functional layer; along the thickness direction of the functional layer, the functional layer is provided with a first groove and a second groove penetrating the functional layer, the first groove is connected to the second groove, the first groove extends along a first direction, and the second groove extends along a second direction; the first direction intersects with the second direction. Through the above arrangement, the first groove and the second groove provide a new conductive channel inside the solar cell, forming a complete conductive network that covers the entire internal area of the solar cell, thereby reducing the resistance of the solar cell assembly and improving the efficiency of the solar cell assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.
[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment;
[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment;
[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell S1 according to an embodiment;
[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell S2 according to an embodiment;
[0025] Explanation of the figure numbers: 1-functional layer, 2-conductive layer, 3-first metal gate line, 4-second metal gate line, 51-first gap, 52-second gap, 53-third gap, 54-fourth gap, A-first groove, B-second groove, D1-first direction, D2-second direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0027] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there can be a central component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there can be a central component at the same time.
[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in this application and in the specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used in this application includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.
[0029] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0030] In one embodiment, the utility model provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising: performing a first etching, cleaning and surface hydrophilic treatment on a transparent conductive glass substrate. Preparing a functional layer on the substrate. Performing a second etching on the prepared functional layer. Preparing an electrode layer on the surface of the functional layer. Performing a third etching after preparing the electrode layer.
[0031] In one embodiment, in the first etching step of the transparent conductive glass substrate, etching is performed according to common means in the industry, and the etching method includes but is not limited to laser etching and chemical etching. The etching pattern is implemented according to the actual device drawing, the first etching distance is 5mm to 50mm, and the width of the groove formed after etching is 0.01μm-20μm.
[0032] In one embodiment, the cleaning and surface hydrophilic treatment step includes cleaning the surface of the transparent conductive glass substrate, and after drying, treating the surface of the transparent conductive glass substrate with ultraviolet-ozone. The cleaning method is to wash with deionized water, isopropanol, and acetone in sequence for 2-4 times, and ultrasonic cleaning can also be performed to improve the cleaning efficiency. The drying method is to blow dry with nitrogen. The hydrophilic treatment is to place it in a UV irradiator and treat it with ultraviolet ozone for 0.5min-30min.
[0033] In one embodiment, the step of preparing a functional layer on a substrate includes: making a hole transport layer / electron transport layer; preparing a modified layer on the hole transport layer / electron transport layer; preparing a perovskite layer on the surface of the modified layer; preparing a modified layer on the surface of the perovskite layer; and preparing an electron transport layer / hole transport layer on the surface of the modified layer.
[0034] In one embodiment, the step of preparing a functional layer on a substrate includes preparing a hole transport layer, using conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, including at least one of vacuum evaporation, slit coating, magnetron sputtering, spraying, spin coating, scraping, screen printing, chemical bath deposition, and self-assembly; the prepared hole transport layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm.
[0035] In one embodiment, the step of preparing a functional layer on a substrate includes preparing an electron transport layer, using conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, including at least one of vacuum evaporation, slit coating, magnetron sputtering, spraying, spin coating, scraping, screen printing, chemical bath deposition, and self-assembly; the thickness of the prepared electron transport layer is 1 nm to 100 nm.
[0036] In one embodiment, the step of preparing a functional layer on a substrate includes preparing a modification layer by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, including at least one of vacuum evaporation, slit coating, magnetron sputtering, spraying, spin coating, scraping, screen printing, chemical bath deposition, and self-assembly; the thickness of the prepared modification layer is 1 nm to 100 nm.
[0037] In one embodiment, the step of preparing a functional layer on a substrate includes preparing a perovskite layer by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, including at least one of slit coating, spin coating, scraper coating, screen printing, spraying, and stamping, and then annealing at 50°C to 150°C for 0.1h to 1h to obtain a perovskite layer with a thickness of 50nm to 5000nm.
[0038] In one embodiment, in the second etching step of the prepared functional layer, all functional layers are etched, and the laser width used to interrupt the perovskite layer is 0.01μm-20μm. The groove width is designed according to the design of the component, the width is between 100μm and 500μm, and the groove distance is between 5mm and 50mm. Optionally, the second etching step is to etch the functional layer at equal distances, and the sub-cell is grid-etched at the same time. The grid etching distance of the sub-cell is between 5mm and 50mm, the etching width is between 100μm and 500μm, and the etching length is from the etching point of the sub-cell to the first etching point of the sub-cell 5μm away. The specific implementation pattern can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The etching width of the sub-cell is 0.01μm-500μm, and the retained width varies according to the processing etching width.
[0039] In one embodiment, in the step of preparing the electrode layer on the surface of the functional layer, a conventional method known to those skilled in the art is used, including at least one of vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, slit coating, and spraying, to prepare an electrode layer with a thickness of 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
[0040] In one embodiment, in the third etching step after preparing the electrode layer, the laser width of the etching is 0.01 μm-20 μm, and the etching position is the electrode layer and the functional layer thereunder.
[0041] In one embodiment, the electron transport layer includes at least one of fullerene C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, lead onium iodide tin oxide, and titanium dioxide.
[0042] In one embodiment, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 1 nm to 100 nm.
[0043] In one embodiment, the perovskite layer includes at least one of lead-based halide perovskite, tin-based halide perovskite, and lead-tin mixed halide perovskite.
[0044] In one embodiment, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 50 nm to 5000 nm.
[0045] In one embodiment, the hole transport layer includes at least one of nickel oxide, copper iodide, poly(2,5-dihexyloxyethylene terephthalate), spirocyclic 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum-diaminobiphenyl, 2-phenylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and its derivatives, and 4-phenylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and its derivatives.
[0046] In one embodiment, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1 nm to 100 nm.
[0047] In one embodiment, the cation of the modified layer is at least one of an amine cation, an amidine cation, a guanidine cation, a hydrazine cation, a carbazole cation, and a pyridine cation, and the anion of the modified layer is at least one of a molecule composed of a halogen ion, SCN-, a formate ion, an acetate ion, a sulfonate ion, and a carbonate ion, and at least one of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-a lt-benzo[3,4-f]thiophene) (PFN) and a brominated derivative of PFN.
[0048] In one embodiment, the thickness of the modified layer is 1 nm to 100 nm.
[0049] In one embodiment, the conductive layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and indium zinc oxide.
[0050] In one embodiment, the thickness of the conductive layer is 100 nm to 1000 nm.
[0051] In one embodiment, the electrode layer includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, copper-based alloys, carbon, indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and indium zinc oxide.
[0052] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 1 The utility model provides a solar cell, which includes a functional layer 1; along the thickness direction of the functional layer 1, the functional layer 1 is provided with a first groove A and a second groove B that penetrate the functional layer 1, the first groove A is connected to the second groove B, the first groove A extends along a first direction D1, and the second groove B extends along a second direction D2; the first direction D1 intersects with the second direction D2.
[0053] In order to reduce the dead zone area of solar cells and increase the effective area of solar cells, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells, it is necessary to expand the width of solar cells. However, the transparent conductive layers commonly used in perovskite modules, such as indium tin oxide and fluorine tin oxide, have a square resistance of about 15Ω. When the width of the solar cell is greater than 6.5mm, the large series resistance brought by the transparent conductive base layer will cause a sharp loss of carriers inside the battery, resulting in a sharp drop in fill factor and loss of battery efficiency.
[0054] The functional layer 1 is provided with a first groove A and a second groove B that penetrate the functional layer 1. The first groove A and the second groove B provide a new conductive channel inside the solar cell to prevent the loss of carriers inside the solar cell, thereby reducing the square resistance of the perovskite battery assembly, reducing the increase in resistance of the perovskite battery assembly due to series connection, and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly. The first groove A is connected to the second groove B, the first groove A extends along the first direction D1, and the second groove B extends along the second direction D2. Optionally, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are perpendicular. Through the above settings, the first groove A and the second groove B form a complete conductive network inside the solar cell that is spread throughout the entire internal area of the solar cell, ensuring that the current distribution inside the entire solar cell is more uniform, thereby improving the performance of the solar cell.
[0055] The utility model provides a solar cell, which includes a functional layer 1; along the thickness direction of the functional layer 1, the functional layer 1 is provided with a first groove A and a second groove B that penetrate the functional layer 1, the first groove A is connected to the second groove B, the first groove A extends along a first direction D1, and the second groove B extends along a second direction D2; the first direction D1 intersects with the second direction D2. Through the above arrangement, the first groove A and the second groove B provide a new conductive channel inside the solar cell, forming a complete conductive network that covers the entire internal area of the solar cell, thereby reducing the square resistance of the solar cell module, reducing the increase in resistance of the solar cell module due to series connection, and improving the efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0056] In one embodiment, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2. The first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2, so that the first groove A and the second groove B are perpendicular, forming a complete conductive network in the functional layer 1 that covers the entire internal area of the solar cell, thereby reducing the square resistance of the solar cell module.
[0057] In one embodiment, the width of the first groove is 0.01 μm-500 μm. Optionally, the width of the first groove may be, but is not limited to, 0.01 μm, 2 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, or 500 μm.
[0058] When the width of the first groove is within this range, it has little effect on the structural integrity of the functional layer, while providing sufficient conductive channels to balance conductivity and structural integrity. When the width of the first groove is less than 0.01 μm, as the width of the groove decreases, the manufacturing precision requirements increase, resulting in increased production difficulty and cost. The conductive channel formed is narrow, and the reduction in conductivity is not obvious. When the width of the first groove is greater than 500 μm, the groove is too wide, which will increase the absorption of incident light and reduce the amount of effective light that can be absorbed, thereby reducing the efficiency of the solar cell module. An overly wide groove will also weaken the structural integrity of the functional layer and affect the durability and reliability of the solar cell module.
[0059] In one embodiment, the depth of the first groove is 0.05 μm-5.5 μm. Optionally, the depth of the first groove may be, but is not limited to, 0.05 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, or 5.5 μm.
[0060] The depth of the first groove is within this range, and the first groove can adapt to the thickness of the functional layer. The appropriate depth of the first groove can ensure that the first groove provides a suitable conductive channel to improve the conductivity of the solar cell module, while minimizing the shielding of the incident light, thereby balancing the conductivity and light absorption efficiency; the impact on the structural integrity of the functional layer is small, which helps to maintain the long-term stability of the battery. When the depth of the first groove is less than 0.05μm, the conductive channel formed cannot provide sufficient conductivity, and the conductivity optimization effect of the solar cell module is poor; when the depth of the first groove is greater than 5.5μm, the excessively deep groove will weaken the structural integrity of the functional layer and affect the durability and reliability of the battery. Increase the absorption of incident light and reduce the effective amount of light reaching the light absorption layer, thereby reducing the efficiency of the battery.
[0061] In one embodiment, the width of the second groove is 100 μm-500 μm. Optionally, the width of the second groove may be, but is not limited to, 100 μm, 120 μm, 140 μm, 160 μm, 180 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, or 500 μm. The reason for setting the width of the second groove is the same as that for setting the width of the first groove, which will not be repeated here.
[0062] In one embodiment, the depth of the second groove is 0.05 μm-5.5 μm. Optionally, the depth of the second groove may be, but is not limited to, 0.05 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm. The reason for setting the depth of the second groove is the same as that for setting the depth of the first groove, which will not be repeated here.
[0063] In one embodiment, there are multiple second grooves, and the multiple second grooves are sequentially arranged at intervals along the first direction.
[0064] A plurality of second grooves are provided, and the plurality of second grooves are sequentially spaced along the first direction. The plurality of second grooves provide additional multiple conductive paths, which helps to improve the conductivity of the entire solar cell, thereby improving the efficiency of the cell. The presence of the plurality of second grooves ensures a uniform distribution of current throughout the solar cell, which helps to improve the overall performance and stability of the cell. By forming a complete conductive network, the series resistance can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing power loss.
[0065] In one embodiment, the minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves is 5 mm to 50 mm. Optionally, the minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves can be, but is not limited to, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, or 50 mm.
[0066] The minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves is within this range. Appropriate spacing can ensure that the conductive channel formed can effectively collect and transmit charge carriers, while avoiding uneven current distribution caused by excessive spacing; it can balance the absorption of incident light by the second groove and the improvement of conductivity, thereby optimizing the overall efficiency of the battery. The structural integrity of the functional layer can be maintained to avoid the formation of structural weaknesses caused by mechanical stress concentration due to too small a spacing. When the minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves is less than 5mm, too small a spacing may result in the conductive channel formed by the second groove not significantly improving the conductivity. Small spacing requires higher manufacturing precision, resulting in increased production difficulty and cost. When the minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves is greater than 50mm, too large a groove spacing may result in uneven current distribution, reduced conductivity, increased resistance, and reduced overall battery performance.
[0067] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 1 The solar cell includes a conductive layer 2, which is connected to the functional layer 1; the conductive layer 2 includes a first surface, and the functional layer 1 is connected to the first surface; the bottom wall of the first groove A and the second groove B is the first surface.
[0068] The conductive layer 2 is set as a transmission channel for charge carriers (electrons or holes) to transmit photogenerated charge carriers from the functional layer 1 to the external circuit, thereby generating current. The bottom wall of the first groove A and the second groove B is the first surface, that is, the first groove A and the second groove B provide an additional conductive channel for the conductive layer 2, thereby reducing the square resistance of the conductive layer 2 of the solar cell module, reducing the series resistance loss, and improving the cell efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0069] In one embodiment, the solar cell further includes a first metal grid line 3 and a second metal grid line 4, the first metal grid line 3 is accommodated in a first groove A, and the second metal grid line 4 is accommodated in a second groove B; along the thickness direction of the functional layer 1, the thickness of the first metal grid line 3 and the second metal grid line 4 are both less than the thickness of the functional layer 1.
[0070] The first metal grid line 3 and the second metal grid line 4 are respectively contained in the first groove A and the second groove B. The first metal grid line 3 and the second metal grid line 4 serve as conductive channels, which can reduce the series resistance between the battery cells, thereby reducing the internal power loss. The conductivity of the solar cell can be significantly improved, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of light energy. The thickness of the first metal grid line 3 and the second metal grid line 4 are both less than the thickness of the functional layer 1. Unnecessary resistance can be avoided in the battery. Thin metal grid lines can provide a lower resistance path, thereby reducing power loss. Using less metal material can reduce costs while providing sufficient conductivity. Too thick metal grid lines not only increase material costs, but also increase manufacturing complexity.
[0071] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 2-Figure 4 The first groove A includes a first side surface and a second side surface opposite to each other, the first metal gate line 3 in the first groove A has a first gap 51 with the first side surface, and the first metal gate line 3 in the first groove A has a second gap 52 with the second side surface; the second groove B includes a third side surface and a fourth side surface opposite to each other, the second metal gate line 4 in the second groove B has a third gap 53 with the third side surface, and the second metal gate line 4 in the second groove B has a fourth gap 54 with the fourth side surface.
[0072] The first metal grid line and the second metal grid line are used to collect photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes). The first gap 51, the second gap 52, the third gap 53 and the fourth gap 54 can prevent the first metal grid line 3 and the second metal grid line 4 from contacting the side of the groove to prevent short circuit.
[0073] In one embodiment, the first gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm. Optionally, the first gap may be, but is not limited to, 0.01 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, or 100 μm.
[0074] The first gap is within this range, which can adapt to the width of the first groove; and effectively prevent the first metal grid line from contacting the side of the first groove, thereby avoiding the occurrence of short circuit. When the first gap is less than 0.01μm, the gap that is too small will cause the first metal grid line to contact the side of the first groove due to various factors (such as temperature changes, vibrations, etc.) during the use of the battery, increasing the risk of short circuit. When the first gap is greater than 100μm, the gap that is too large will affect the structural integrity of the battery module and reduce the effective area of the solar cell.
[0075] In one embodiment, the second gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm. Optionally, the second gap can be, but not limited to, 0.01 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm. The reason for setting the second gap is the same as the reason for setting the first gap, which will not be repeated here.
[0076] In one implementation, the third gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm. Optionally, the third gap may be, but is not limited to, 0.01 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, or 100 μm.
[0077] The third gap is within this range, which can adapt to the width of the second groove; and effectively prevent the second metal grid line from contacting the side of the second groove, thereby avoiding the occurrence of short circuit. When the third gap is less than 0.01μm, the gap that is too small will cause the second metal grid line to contact the side of the second groove due to various factors (such as temperature changes, vibrations, etc.) during the use of the battery, increasing the risk of short circuit. When the third gap is greater than 100μm, the gap that is too large will affect the structural integrity of the battery module and reduce the effective area of the solar cell.
[0078] In one implementation, the fourth gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm. Optionally, the fourth gap may be, but not limited to, 0.01 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, or 100 μm. The reason for setting the fourth gap is the same as the reason for setting the third gap, which will not be repeated here.
[0079] In one embodiment, the width of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is 0.01μm-500μm; optionally, the width of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line can be but is not limited to 0.01μm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 40μm, 60μm, 80μm, 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, 450μm, 500μm.
[0080] The width of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is within this range, and the width of the metal gate line can provide sufficient conductivity while avoiding material waste and cost increase caused by being too wide, as well as mismatching with the width of the first groove and the second groove. When the width of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is less than 0.01 μm, the too narrow metal gate line leads to insufficient conductivity and cannot effectively collect and transmit charge carriers. Higher manufacturing precision is required, resulting in increased production difficulty and cost. When the width of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is greater than 500 μm, the wider metal gate line requires more metal material, which increases the cost; and the excessive width of the metal gate line is mismatched with the width of the first groove and the second groove, resulting in the metal gate line contacting the first groove and the second groove, resulting in a short circuit.
[0081] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is 0.1μm-5μm; optionally, the thickness of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line can be but is not limited to 0.1μm, 0.5μm, 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm.
[0082] The thickness of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line within this range can provide sufficient electrical conductivity while avoiding material waste and cost increase caused by excessive thickness. When the thickness of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is greater than 5 μm, the thicker metal gate line requires more metal material, which increases the cost; and the excessive thickness of the metal gate line is not compatible with the depth of the first groove and the second groove.
[0083] In one embodiment, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a perovskite functional layer and a second transmission layer; the first transmission layer is connected to the perovskite functional layer, and the second transmission layer is connected to the side of the perovskite functional layer facing away from the first transmission layer; the conductive layer is connected to the side of the second transmission layer facing away from the perovskite functional layer.
[0084] Along the thickness direction of the functional layer, the first transport layer, the perovskite functional layer and the second transport layer are arranged from top to bottom; the first transport layer is a hole functional layer, and the second transport layer is an electron transport layer; or, the first transport layer is an electron functional layer, and the second transport layer is a hole transport layer. The perovskite layer absorbs light energy and generates electron-hole pairs. The energy level of the electron transport layer matches the conduction band of the perovskite layer, effectively extracting photogenerated electrons; the energy level of the hole transport layer matches the valence band of the perovskite layer, effectively extracting photogenerated holes. Preventing electrons and holes from recombining in the perovskite layer, thereby generating current.
[0085] In one embodiment, the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line are made of copper.
[0086] In one embodiment, the utility model provides a solar cell, which is obtained by connecting the solar cells in any one of the above embodiments in series. The solar cells are connected in series and generate electricity, so that the solar cells output electrical energy.
[0087] In one embodiment, the utility model provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a plurality of solar cell modules.
[0088] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship of terms such as "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or positional relationship described in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0089] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application are still within the scope covered by the present application.
Claims
1. A solar cell, characterized in that: The solar cell includes a functional layer. Along the thickness direction of the functional layer, the functional layer is provided with a first groove and a second groove penetrating the functional layer, the first groove is connected to the second groove; the first groove extends along a first direction, and the second groove extends along a second direction; the first direction intersects with the second direction.
2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The width of the first groove is 0.01 μm-500 μm; and / or, The depth of the first groove is 0.05 μm-5.5 μm.
4. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The width of the second groove is 100 μm-500 μm; and / or, The second groove has a depth of 0.05 μm-5.5 μm.
5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of second grooves, and the plurality of second grooves are sequentially arranged at intervals along the first direction.
6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The minimum distance between two adjacent second grooves is 5 mm to 50 mm.
7. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The solar cell comprises a conductive layer, and the conductive layer is connected to the functional layer; the conductive layer comprises a first surface, and the functional layer is connected to the first surface; the bottom walls of the first groove and the second groove are both the first surface.
8. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The solar cell also includes a first metal grid line and a second metal grid line, the first metal grid line is accommodated in the first groove, and the second metal grid line is accommodated in the second groove; along the thickness direction of the functional layer, the thickness of the first metal grid line and the second metal grid line are both less than the thickness of the functional layer.
9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The first groove includes a first side surface and a second side surface relative to each other in the width direction of the first groove, the first metal gate line has a first gap with the first side surface, and the first metal gate line has a second gap with the second side surface; the second groove includes a third side surface and a fourth side surface relative to each other in the width direction of the second groove, the second metal gate line has a third gap with the third side surface, and the second metal gate line has a fourth gap with the fourth side surface.
10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm; and / or, The second gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm; and / or, The third gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm; and / or, The fourth gap is 0.01 μm-100 μm.
11. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The width of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is 100 μm-500 μm; and / or, The thickness of the first metal gate line and the second metal gate line is 0.1 μm-5 μm.
12. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a perovskite functional layer and a second transmission layer; the first transmission layer is connected to the perovskite functional layer, and the second transmission layer is connected to a side of the perovskite functional layer facing away from the first transmission layer; the conductive layer is connected to a side of the second transmission layer facing away from the perovskite functional layer.
13. A solar cell module, characterized in that: The solar cell module comprises the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. A solar cell module, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of solar cell modules as claimed in claim 13 .